Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
REGION IV-A CALABARZON
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF BATANGAS
TUY SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

LEARNING ACTIVITY SH
EET IN AUTOMOTIVE SERVICING NCI
PERFORM DIESEL ENGINE TUNE-UP
Remove Electrical/Electronic units Assemblies

Name of Learner: ______________________________________

Grade Level: 12___
Strand/Track: AUTO-TVL
Section: KARL BENZ_____________________________
Date: Week 2__DAY 1 (Introduction) DAY 2 (Development) ______________
________DAY 3 (Engagement) DAY 4 (Assimilation)______________

A. Background Information for Learners

In order to attain the 100% competent skills of learners, they must know all the basics first. In this lesson, in order
to come up with Diesel engine tune-up, it is vital to know the parts and components of engine, the procedure in
installing parts and components,and also the proper usage of Special Service Tool in this competency. The
activities given here are all about the specific core competency of Automotive Servicing which the students
should learn even in self paced because this is what the automotive servicing NCI all about. It also involves
activities which can help the students to master the assigned competency. Electrical System is quite very
sensitive part of a vehicle, this activity sheet just give students the theories that they need to learn, and also the
other important thing they need to know in performing electrical units of an automobile.

B. Learning Competency with code

REMOVING AND REPLACING ELECTRICAL/ELECTRONICS UNITS/ASSEMBLIES (RREE)

LO 1. Prepare for work (TLE_IAAUTO9 -12RREE-IIIa-51)

LO 2 Remove electrical /electronic units assemblies (TLE_IAAUTO9 -12RREE-III b-g-52)

C. Directions/ Instructions
After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
1. Read and follow each direction carefully.
2. Accomplish each activity for the mastery of competency.
3. Use the Learning Activity Sheets with care.
4. Record your points for each activity.
5. Always aim to get at least 80% of the total number of given items.
6. If you have any questions, contact, or see your teacher through messenger or text.
D. Exercises / Activities
DAY 1
D.1 INTRODUCTION

a. What I Need to Know?

After going through with this unit, you are expected to:
1. Identify the components of electrical system
2. Memorize the symbols of electrical system
3. Value the importance of electrical system unit Diesel Engine
 b. What’s New?

Activity 1: “WRITE THE RIGHT”

Directions: Recall the previous lessons.The following statements are all incorrect. Now,
underline the word/term that makes it incorrect and write the right term to make it correct.
__________1. Automotive starting system produces electrical energy in the alternator.
__________2. A load rating is a short length of insulated wire connected in series in a circuit.
__________3. The starter stores electrical energy from the sources on the demand to any other
electrical component of vehicle.
__________4. A static is the return path to the source for the electric current , which is usually the
engine or metal chassis parts.
__________5. Wiring diagrams use various colors to represent the different devices in electrical
system.

Activity 2: “KEEP OR SWITCH”

Directions: Study the pictures and its labels below. Write KEEP if the pictures and labels are correct,
and SWITCH if the labels were interchanged.

1. FUSE HORN

2. RELAY IGNITION COIL

3. ALTERNATOR SWITCH

4. SOLENOID STARTER MOTOR

5. POSITIVE NEGATIVE

Activity 3 “SHOCKING TRUTH”

Direction: Please analyze the diagram on “What is it” part of this LAS. Now, write down at least 1 part of
electrical system this given connected to/from.
Example: 1. Battery - connected to alternator

1. Ignition Coil 6. Switch

2. Distributor 7. Horn
3. Bulb 8. Spark plug
4. Relay 9. high tension wire
5. Fuse 10. ground

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 D.2 DEVELOPMENT
a. What I Know?

Activity 4: “PERFECT EFFECT”

Directions: Recognize the following pictures below. Then, identify the following to which effect of
electricity they belong. Write H for heat, C for chemical and M if it is magnetic on the space
provided..

1._____ 2. ____ 3.___ 4. ___ 5. ____

b. What’s In?
Activity 6: “INCREDIBLE SYMBOL #1”
Directions: Please recall your lessons to Physics about electricity when you were High School.
Kindly translate the following electrical symbols based on your prior knowledge.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.

Activity 7 “INCREDIBLE SYMBOL #2 ”

Direction: This activity is the continuation of the above activity. Now, kindly DRAW a symbol of the following
component of electrical system.
1. Relay 6. Horn
2. Battery 7. ground
3. Fuse 8. Photo diode
4. Ignition coil 9. Zener diode
5. High tension wire 10. Thermistor

DAY 2

c. What Is it?

PERFORM DIESEL ENGINE TUNE-UP

ELECTRICAL SYSTEM OF AUTOMOBILE

1-1 Three effects of electricity

Electricity components on an automobile make a various types as shown in Figure 1-1, and the effects
are divided into the following three; heating, chemical, magnetic. The three are called three effects of
electricity, which are caused by an electric current.

 Heating......Effect of converting electric energy into heat (or optical) energy. (A current flowing in a
conductor with resistance produces heat.

 Chemical....A current flowing in an electrolytic solution causes chemical reaction or electrolysis.

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  Magnetic....Effect of converting electric energy into mechanical energy. Or, reverse, mechanical
energy is converted into electrical energy, or a form or a property of electrical energy is changed.

The products shown in the different effects are categorized on the basis of primary effects of the
products. Remember that even if a product takes advantage of magnetic effect primarily, it makes heat as a
by-product. The three effects take place at the same time

Emission effect (other effect)

If a voltage is applied in a space and is the voltage is raised, finally a current flows in the
space. This is parking discharge, which is used in an ignition plug of an automobile.

1-2 Types of Current

Electricity has the following types. Direct current and pulsating current are associated with electric
phenomena of an automobile.
(1) Direct current (DC)
Direct current refers to an electric current that flows at constant magnitude and in constant direction.
This current is represented as DC. Current of an automobile battery and a dry cell is direct current.

(2) Alternating current (AC)

Alternating current refers to an electric current with changing magnitudes and direction in a constant
cycle. This current is represented as AC. Electricity supplied for home use is this type of current. The number
of those repetitions in one second is called as frequency (Hz or cycle). A frequency in eastern Japan is 50Hz,
and a frequency in western Japan is 60Hz.

(3) Pulsating current

Pulsating current refers to an electric current with changing magnitudes periodically over time, while a
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flowing direction is constant.

Root-mean-square value of alternative current

Because an alternative current changes over time, it is a problem what magnitude to

measure as a current value and a voltage or mean values. Let us take a look at the root-mean-
square values.
Instaneous value: Any point on the sine curve

shown on the right

Peak value: A peak value on the sine curve

shown on the right. Figure 1-6 Relation among peak value

and root-mean-square value of an
Peak value = Peak Value
alternative
√2 1.414

An amount of heat generated when an alternative current flows in a constant resistor

equals to an amount of heat generated when a direct current same as Peak values of the alternating
current. √

Figure 1-7 The Root-mean-square value

1.3 Units presenting electricity

Strength of electricity is called voltage (E), which is indicated in unit of volt (V).
Flow of electricity is called current (I), which is indicated in unit of ampere (A).
Impediment to electricity is called resistance (R), which is indicated in unit of ohm (Ω).
Name Symbol Unit
Voltage E V (Volt)
Electric current I A (Ampere)
Resistance R Ω (Ohm)
Table 1-1 Symbols and Units
Used in mathematical formula and calculations
I : Intensity of current
E : Electromotive
R : Resistance

Micro Mill Even Kilo Mega

Millionth Thousandth Even Thousand times Million times
µV mV V
µA mA A

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 W
Ω kΩ MΩ
Hz kHz MHz
Table 1-2 Conversion of units
Example
0.03A = 30Ma
0.2kΩ = 200Ω
20mV = 0.02 V
1-4 Voltage and Current
(1) Relation among the voltage, potential difference, and current
As shown in Figure 1-8, if two tanks are connected with each other using pipe, water flows from tank A
with a higher water level to tank B with a lower water level.
The following is a direct analog of this to electricity:
Water level: Potential
Water level difference: Potential difference (Voltage)
Water flow: Electric current
In general, a potential difference is called voltage (Figure 1-

If water levels of tank A and B are identical with each other, water does not flow. (Figure 1-10). In the
case of electricity, also, no voltage arises when no potential difference exist, and a current does not flow.
Thus, a potential is required for a current to flow.

(2) Reference for potential

A potential is determined on a basis of a reference, which is called ground. A potential of the ground is
defined as 0 (V). The earth (ground) is defined as a ground in general. However, a negative pole of battery is
defined as a ground in an automobile electronics.

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“1.5-volt” in a 0.5-volt battery indicates a potential difference between the two poles of a battery. Because the
negative poles is defined as the ground (0V) in automobile electronics, the above values are the same as
potentials of positive poles.

(3) Electromotive force and power supply

An electric power that is required to make an electric current flow continuously in a wire.
To make water flow into tank A continuously as shown in Figure 1-13, a water level difference must be
maintained by some means or another. Similarly, making an electric current flow continuously requires
maintaining a difference of potential, which is voltage, by some means or another. An electrical force is
requires to maintain a potential that makes a current flow constantly. This force is called “electromotive force”.
An electromotive force is indicated by a voltage, which is represented in unit of volt (V).
A device that produces an electromotive force is called a power supply. Devices such as a battery and a
generator are power supplies.

1-5 Resistance
An effect of interfering with a flow of electric current is called electrical resistance (or simply
“resistance”). Resistance against water depends on a diameter , length, and roughness of inner wall of a pipe
when water flows in a pipe. Similarly, an electrical current flow better in a conductor wire of larger diameter
and flows less in a conductor wire of more length. Accordingly, a stronger flow indicates lower resistance of a
conductor wire and a weaker flow increased resistance of conductor wire.

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Resistance values depends on the following factors:
(1) Cross section of a conductor: Larger cross section leads
to less resistance ......................................... A (cm2)
(2) Length of a conductor: Longer conductor has more resistance Resistance among
................................................................................................................. those factors are as
(3) Material of a conductor f: Copper allows the electric current follows:
flow more than iron ......................................................... ρ (Ω[]cm) R (resistance) =
(4) Temperature of a conductor: Metals general have higher ℓ
resistance at higher temperature ρ A

Specific resistance

Above (3) is called a specific resistance ρ (resistivity), which is a

resistance of a cube having a side of 1 cm. “Ω[]cm” is used for a unit.

(1) Electric conductor and insulator

In terms of conductivity of electricity, materials are categorized into the following:
Conductor: Conducts electricity well Resistance is low.
Insulator: Does not conduct electricity Resistance is high.
Semiconductor: Conductivity changes
(2) Conductor
[1] Specific resistance ρ (resistivity)
Some materials have higher resistances and others have lower resistances.
Silver Copper Brass AluminumIron
Conducts electricity well Conducts electricity less
Expensive Inexpensive
In consideration of costs and performances, copper is used for wiring in an automobile.
[2] Temperature of conductor and resistance
Resistance change depending on temperatures.
When a temperature of a conductor is low, resistance of the conductor is low..
When a temperature of a conductor rises, resistance of a conductor becomes higher.
When a current flows in a light bulb, the filament heats up and a resistance becomes higher.

[3] Contact resistance

If a switch shown in Figure 1-17 is used a long time, the contacts of the switch become to allow
flow of currents somewhat less. This is due to resistance produced by contact. This is called “contact
resistance”. The following relations exists:
Larger containing area Results in lower contact resistance.
Higher contacting pressure Results in lower contact resistance.
Polishing contacts results in a lower contact resistance. Besides, connectors, fuses, and relay contacts
have contact resistances.
Soldering contacts, using washers when tightening terminals, planting terminals, and cleaning
electrical contacts are all performed to reduce contact resistance.

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 Why resistors are used?

A resistor adjusts a voltage or a current from a power supply and sends

an appropriate voltage and current to a next circuit.

If a high voltage as 12 V is applied directly to a transistor (see page 51), it

may cause flowing a current higher than allowed, and may damage the device. A
resistor is inserted to flow an appropriate level of current.

In practice, Isuzu vehicles use QOS III dropping resistor, ECGI injector
dropping resistor and other resistor inserted in series to apply appropriate
voltages to other loads (glow plug and injector).
(3) Insulator
[1] Gas: Primarily, natural air is used for insulator.
Natural air allows insulating a voltage approximately 1000 by a 1-mm
gap at room temperatures. The higher an air pressure rises, the higher
an insulating voltage rises.
[2] Fluid: Oil is often used.
[3] Solid Matters: Many types of solid matters are used. Materials are chosen according to
characteristics.
Mica: Resistant to heat and Used for motor
friction (insulation of commutator)
Ceramic: Resistant to high tempe- Spark plug
rature and chemicals
Glass: Transparent Lamp (lens)
Resin: Easy to process and tint Lead wires and tapes
Wood, paper, Cloth: Easy to process and inex- Parts such as relays
pensive.
(4) Semiconductor
Conductivity depends on temperatures, voltages, and the material sometimes acts as a conductor
and sometimes as act as an insulator.
On a semiconductor, relation between temperatures and resistance is opposite of that of a
conductor. A semiconductor has higher resistances when a temperature is low. A semiconductor has
lower resistances when a temperature is high.
Semiconductors are used in diodes and transistors. Details are describe in later sections.

2 Electric Circuit

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 2-2 Electrical Circuit diagram
An electrical diagram is drawn using specified symbols as shown in the following figure:
When a light bulb is connected as shown in Figure 2-2, a current flows the positive (+) pole through The
conductor wire via the switch, the fuse, and the light bulb, and to th e negative pole (-). Then the
current flows (-) to (+) in the battery.

3 Ohm’s Law and Direct-current Circuit

3-1 Ohm’s law
The following relations exist among voltage, current, and resistance in an electric circuit shown in Figure
3-1. A current flowing in an electrical circuit is proportional to a voltage applied to the circuit, ad is
inversely proportional to a resistance. This is called the Ohm’s law, and expressed by the following
formula.
E = I • R Indicated by symbol
(V) (A) (Ω) Indicated by unit
Voltage Current Resistance

Because a voltage (E) is the basis of a circuit, it is placed at the top of the figure on the right. (Figure 3-
2). Current (I) and resistance (R) are interchangeable with each other.

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 Simply put, the equation means that a current flowing in a circuit becomes lower when a resistance id
high, and a current becomes higher when a voltage is high.

Activity 7 “CALCULATE TO RATE”

Direction: Refer to the information sheet given above to have a better understanding about the topic.
Compute the following using Ohm’s Law. Write your answer beside the diagram.

1. A voltage of how many ;volts is required to make a current of 4A (amperes) flow in a reservoir of 32
Ω (ohm)?

2. A current of how many amperes flows in a 3Ω resistor when a voltage of 12V is applied?

3. How many ohms of resistance is required for a resistor when a current of 4A flows applying a
voltage of 12V?

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 DAY 3
D.3. ENGAGEMENT

A. What’s more?
Activity 10: “na ALL SYMBOL ”

Direction: Read the information sheet well. Now, do the following:

1. In one whole sheet of bond paper, draw the Automotive electrical symbols and label it in a doodle font.

(Reminder! It is part of your performance task so you need to do it on time and creatively)

b.What I can do?

Activity 11 “Connect Correct”

Direction: With your parents/friends/relatives, Create your own diagram of the following using symbols then
write your explanation below the diagram. (Part of your performance task)

Horn Circuit Headlight

c. What other enrichment activities can I engage in?

DAY 4
D.4 ASSIMILATION
Activity 12. “Think this thing”

a. What I have Learned?

Direction: Answer the following questions briefly and precise. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. What do you think is the importance of Electrical system in automobile? _________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

2. What are the things that we need to consider in removing and replacing electrical assemblies? _________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

3. How do you think load, relay and fuse affects the functions of each components? ____________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________.

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 b. Assessment/What I Can Show?

Activity 14: “On my Own ”

1. Directions: Based on the lesson attached. Find any kind of vehicle in your area and look for its electrical
assemblies. Then, Make a diagram of that vehicle and explain their components even its working or not and
kindly find any solution on how can you fix it.

Diagram Problem Recommendation

E. Guide Questions
Activity 15: “Direct to the Point”
Directions: If you really understand the lessons above, answer the following question direct to the
point. Write your answer on the space provided.
1. What are the components of electrical system? ________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
2. What are equations of getting voltage, resistance and ampere? ___________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.
3. How can you show a positive work values in servicing? __________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

F. Rubrics for ESSAY

5 4 3 2 1
CONTENT The essay There is a
The information Theres no
includes There s some little
includes information
detailed information information
description about the
information about the topic about the
about he topic topic
about the topic topic
WORD COUNT The essay is The essay
The essay has The essay has Essay has 1-
more that 50 has 10-
40-49 word 30-40 words 10 words
words 29words

RUBRICS FOR DIAGRAM

10 8 6 4 1
CONTENT The content of The content of The content of The content The content of
the diagram the diagram the diagram of the the diagram
descriptions are descriptions are descriptions a diagram descriptions
well explain and explain better were explained descriptions not explained
very clear and clear somehow and were and unclear
clear explained clear
good and
somewhat

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 clear
PROPER The The
The The
CONNECTION The components of components
components of components
components of electrical of electrical
electrical of electrical
electrical system were system are
system are system are
system were almost incomplete
complete and incomplete
complete and complete and and some
properly and not
connected most connected were
connected to its connected to
to its respective mostly to its connected to
respective its respective
connection respective its respective
connection connection
connection connection
NEATNESS The diagram
The diagram The diagram The diagram The diagram
presented
presented presented presented presented
somewhat neat
neatly, no neatly, few untidy, more untidy, a lot of
with more
erasures and erasures and erasures and erasures and
erasures but
very organize organize organize unorganize
organize
USE OF The student
The student The student
SYMBOLS used in most The student The student
used the right used in some
the right used incorrect never used
symbols for the right
symbols for symbols any symbols
diagram symbols
diagram

G. Reflection
The learners will write their reflection about the lesson on their journal notebook.
The lesson was ______________ because _______________________.
I understand that_____________________________________________.
I realized that ______________________________________________
H. References
Automotive Mechanic 10th edition by Crouse and Anglin
Competency Based Learning Materials-TESDA/Automotive Electrical System
https://www.google.com/search?q=gas+engine+tune+up&oq=diesel+engine+tune-
up&aqs=chrome.1.69i57j0l7.15316j0j7&sourceid=chrome&ie=UTF-8
https://prezi.com/ujncmlt7rlvh/diesel-engine-tune-up/

Prepared by:

EUSEVIA D. PANTOJA
Subject Teacher

Noted:

MA. VERLA AFRICA ALVARAN

Principal II

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