ABSTRACT

Airline Industry (Air Transport Industry): This is an area of commerce that uses aircraft

to transport people, cargo, and mail. The air transport industry encompasses flights of common

carriers (government-certified companies that offer cargo and passenger services to the public)

and general aviation (private aircraft used for recreation or business. Reservation: The written

record or promise of an arrangement by which accommodations are secured in advance. System:

This is any collection of component elements that work together to perform a task. In computer

science, System is used in a variety of contexts. A computer System is a hardware system

consisting of a microprocessor and allied chips and circuitry, plus an input device (keyboard,

mouse, disk drive), an output device (monitor, disk drive), and any peripheral devices (printer,

modem). Deregulation: The act of freeing from regulation (especially from governmental

regulations). Network: In computer science, a network is a system used to link two or more

computers. Network users are able to share files, printers, and other resources; send electronic

messages; and run programs on other computers. Computerize: To control a function, process,

or creation by a computer.

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 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

In science and technology, the desire for improvement is a constant subject which

triggers advancements. This is visible in every ramification and the airline industry is not an

exemption. Airline reservation systems were first introduced in the late 1950s as relatively

simple standalone systems to control flight inventory, maintain flight schedules, seat assignments

and aircraft loading. Today modern airline reservation systems are comprehensive suites of

products to provide systems that assist with a variety of airline management tasks and service

customer needs from the time of initial reservation through completion of the flight. (Thompson,

2015). The World Wide Web has become tremendously popular over the last four years, and

currently most of the airlines have made provision for online reservation of their flights. The

Internet has become a major resource for people looking for making reservations online without

the hassle of meeting travel agents by implementing an online reservation system this ensures

that reservation are not only generated by the airline own staff but also by any travel agent using

a Global Distribution system or other airlines that have a multilateral Interline Traffic Agreement

with the airline (Thompson, 2015)

A Computer Reservations System is a computerized system used to store and retrieve

information and conduct transactions related to travel. Airline reservation systems are classified

as Passenger Service Systems (PSS) which handles a series of critical functions for the airline.

For an Airline, the reservation system is a mission critical system that should use the latest state

of the art technology to provide for all flight reservations on a robust platform, which is flexible

and can be adapted to any style of airline. Secure and stable systems are vital to the airline

2
industry which is why companies spend many years designing an architecture specifically suited

to the nature of the airline industry which often requires tens of thousands of users to access and

use the system simultaneously Wikipedia, May, (2012).

Flysafe Airlines started as a small airline carrier in 1989 to facilitate air travel between Uganda

and the Democratic Republic of Congo. This airline was to facilitate transportation of cargo

between the two countries. The airline was originally designed to handle small number of

customers. In 1999 Flysafe Airline was transformed into an International Airline facilitating

travel of tens of thousands of passengers on a daily basis. Today Flysafe Airlines still use a

manual system of flight booking, flight management and scheduling. Flight booking is done

through travel agents across major towns, flight data and customer details are kept in manual

files. This system is slow and results into booking conflicts, vacant seats in some planes and it is

hard to quickly obtain customer information in case of emergency. It‟s for this reason, the

researcher set out to design an online airline reservation system to provides a modern, flexible

reservation and inventory management solutions including call Centre, travel agency, internet

engine, global distribution systems and interlines booking with case study of Flysafe Airlines

1.2 Problem statement

The conventional method applied to the case study is slow, time consuming and it is very

difficult for each person to book through office agents. Users inquire about the tickets through

phones and it is very difficult for the user to remember all the details that they received through

phones. It is very difficult to calculate how many peoples registered and how many seats on a

particular plane are vacant. This requires quite a lot of time and wastage of money as it requires

quite lot of manpower to do.

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1.3 Aim and Objective of the study

The main aim of the study is to develop an airline reservation system that will cater for every

activity perform in FlySafe airline and also process airline ticket reservation, booking and airline

management.

The specific objectives are:

• To design a user interface of airline ticket reservation using UML

• To develop an online ticket reservation system with object-oriented programming

language

• To implement an online ticket reservation package with sizeable data.

1.4 Research Methodology

a. Reviewing of the exists system

b. Use of Unified Modelling Language (UML) to design the new system

c. PHP and MySQL server shall be used as frontend and backend respectively

d. The system will be tested on a local network system.

1.5 Expected Contribution to Knowledge

At the end of this research, there shall be a portal for online reservation and ticket system that

will cater for online reservation and instant alert notification for the travelers. Also, the system

shall give account of every activity being perform on every user transaction.

1.6 Scope of the Study

The developed system will facilitate online booking; keep customer records, provides an online

menu on flight schedules, flight destinations and their prices, show alternative links to other

partner airlines and will have page dedicated to customer queries and replies. The system

excludes catering for calculating staff salary and other management issues.

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 CHAPTER TWO

LITERATURE REVIEW

2. 1. Introduction

In the arena of global competition, organizations all over the world are competing through the

use of the most comprehensive and advanced technological features. The most common example

of innovation is in the area of information technology and communication. Various industries are

using technology and the advancements of software and internet to maintain and monitor their

business transactions. In the application of the informative systems, the airline industry is the

most commonly used system. This chapter explores the concept of reservation information

system, their history, components, types and their applications in real world situation to solve

problems

2.2 History of Airline Reservation Information System

American Airlines was the first to establish an automated booking system in 1946. Using a

system to track information and improve efficiency was a highly appealing aim in the industry,

and drew the attention of other airlines worldwide. The system endured years of development

and alterations. Later, other airlines invested more in research and development to launch

improved systems, and through the late 1960s and early 1970s, airlines established their own

systems.

United Airlines developed the Apollo Reservation System, and shortly after allowed travel

agents access. The Apollo system was the foundation for many further developments, which

spread from just US airlines to European airlines as well. The research and development of

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Airline Reservation System became a significant aspect of the industry and all its air carrier

companies, and partnerships between airlines and technology gurus emerged. Winston (2015)

Other airlines soon established their own systems. Delta Air Lines launched the Delta Automated

Travel Account System (DATAS) in 1968. United Airlines and Trans World Airlines followed in

1971 with the Apollo Reservation System and Programmed Airline Reservation System (PARS),

respectively. Soon, travel agents began pushing for a system that could automate their side of the

process by accessing the various Airline Reservation Systems directly to make reservations.

Fearful this would place too much power in the hands of agents; American Airlines executive

Robert Crandall proposed creating an industry-wide Computer Reservation System to be a

central clearing house for United States travels; other airlines demurred, citing fear of antitrust

prosecution. (Wikipedia, May, 2012).

Airline deregulation occurred in 1978, magnifying the importance of computerized airline

reservation systems and their accessibility. During the early 1970s, as travel agents pushed for

access to reservation systems, and certain airline executives made investments for the sake of

accessing the systems of other airlines, antitrust laws came into focus. The purpose of the 1978

Airline Deregulation Act in the United States was to eliminate government control over

commercial aviation, and ensure competitive behavior and fair business practices in the airline

industry. Passengers could gain knowledge of market forces and new market entry in the

industry. Information on specific airlines and the industry as a whole became more widely and

readily accessible, evolving the airline reservation systems from "standalone" operations toward

GDS. Today, airline reservation systems have developed into computerized reservation systems

which are of mission critical to the airline industry, about six major airline reservations systems

are used by international airlines. (Winston, 2015)

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2.3Reservation Information Systems

The airline reservations system was one of the earliest changes to improve efficiency in the

airline industry. Airline Reservation System eventually evolved into the computer reservations

system (CRS). Airline Reservations System (ARS) is a computerized system used to store and

retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel. The systems were originally

designed and operated by airlines, but were later extended for the use of travel agencies.

(Wikipedia, May, 2012).

Major airline reservation system operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are

known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct

holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through

Internet gateways. Modern Global Distribution Systems typically allow users to book hotel

rooms and rental cars as well as airline tickets. (Wardell, 2015).

Global Distribution Systems(GDS) is a worldwide computerized reservation network used as a

single point of access for reserving airline seats, hotel rooms, rental cars, and other travel related

items by travel agents, online reservation sites, and large corporations. The premier global

distribution systems are Amadeus, Galileo, Sabre, and Worldspan. They are owned and operated

as joint ventures by major airlines, car rental companies, and hotel groups. (Global, May, 2015).

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.
Customer booking

IDS internet Travel agent

Airline website distribution system (using GDS)

GDS Central reservation

system

Airline running

Figure 2.1 showing a global distribution system; adapted from Reservation Interfaces, May,

(2015)

2.4 Components of Reservation Information Systems

These are complete Information Technology subsystems that make the reservation Information

System operational; they are compatible in nature and the failure of one component may affect

the operation of the others with in the system. They consist of computer resources, data, people,

and procedures used in the modern business enterprise.

2.4.1 Hardware

O’Brien (2015) defines hardware as individual physical devices and material used in information

processing. Specifically, it includes not only machines like computers but also data media i.e. all

tangible objects on which data are recorded from sheets of paper to magnetic disks.

Others include keyboards, mouse, printers, scanners etc.

2.4.2 Software

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Rochester et al., (2016) assert that software includes all sets of information processing

instructions and it comprises of different types of programs that enable the hardware to carryout

different tasks. Software is further categorized into system software and Applications software.

System software is concerned with keeping the computer system working while Application

software is the general purpose or written for a specific task like stock control. It may be written

using a programming language or more general-purpose piece of software such as database.

2.4.3 Data

Rochester et al., (2016), defines data as all raw and unprocessed facts that can readily be used.

Cleary no database system can exist without data. The basic factor upon an organization’s

processing and information needs are founded. Data elements and relationships must be precisely

defined and the definitions must be accurately recorded in the data dictionary.

2.4.4 People

According to O’Brien (2015), these are required for the operation of all information systems.

They include end-users and information system specialists. End-users are people who use an

Information System. The reservation information system specialists help in the development and

operation of information system. They include system analysts, programmers, computer

operators and others. People, are probably the component that most influence the success or

failure of information systems

2.4.5 Procedures

These are set of instruction about how to combine the above components in order to process the

information and generate the desired output. They consist of the way how to log on to the

DBMS, use of different forms and manipulations throughout the project.

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2.4.6 Database

Merril Wells, (2012) defines Database as a collection of non-redundant data, which can be

shared by different application systems. Or database is a collection of data as well as programs

required to manage that data. According to Merril Wells the importance of data has been obvious

from time immemorial. Before the advent of computers, this was written in books or registers;

these could be considered as „manual‟ databases. Ever since computers were introduced as a

means of sorting data, the concept and structure of a database have undergone a sea change.

Database creation and maintenance is a gradual and continuous procedure being influenced by

system software such as database management systems.

Database users state their requirements to the database using the data definition languages (DDL)

and the data manipulation languages (DML) via the database management systems. The database

management system surely provides an interface between the user’s programs and contents of

the data base. During the creation and subsequent maintenance of the data base contents, the

DDL and the DML are used for the following, add new files, expand the database, delete the

absolute records, adjust data, and expand the database capacity, link up the data items and many

others.

2.5 Types of Reservations in Reservation System

Guaranteed Reservation: This insures that the company will hold an item for the customer until

a specific time following the customer’s scheduled date. In return, the customer shall guarantee

his/her reservation of an item unless reservation is properly canceled. In order to guarantee a

reservation, customers might opt for one of the following methods.

i. Prepayment guaranteed reservation Credit card guaranteed reservation.

ii. Advance deposit or partial payment

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 iii. Travel agent guaranteed reservation

Non-guaranteed Reservation: Insures that the company agrees to hold an item for the customer

until a stated reservation cancellation hour on that day. A reservation agent always makes sure to

encourage their customers to guarantee their reservations especially in the high season

2.6 Types of Information System

Information System is a combination of people, hardware, software, communication devices,

network and data resources that processes (can be storing, retrieving, transforming information)

data and information for a specific purpose. The types are;

2.6.1 Transaction Processing System (TPS)

This is a computerized system that performs and records daily routine transactions necessary to

the conduct of the business. TPSs are information systems that process data resulting from the

occurrence of business transactions. Example: payroll system; production instructions. Kanter

(2017).

Data Entry Processing Report

Generation

Adhoc
Inquiries

Data
Base

Figure 2.2 Five Stages of Transaction Processing System

2.6.2 Management Information System (MIS)

These are mainly concerned with internal sources of information. MIS usually take data from the

transaction processing systems and summaries it into a series of management reports. Hence MIS

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provides information for managing an organization. Information from MIS helps managers to

monitor and direct the organization.

2.6.3 Decision-support systems (DSS)

These are specifically designed to help management make decisions in situations where there is

uncertainty about the possible outcomes of those decisions. DSS comprise tools and techniques

to help gather relevant information and analyze the options and alternatives. DSS often involves

use of complex spreadsheet and databases to create "what-if" models Finley et al., (2014).

2.6.4 Executive Support System (ESS)

This is designed to help senior management make strategic decisions. It gathers analyses and

summarizes the key internal and external information used in the business. A good way to think

about an ESS is to imagine the senior management team in an aircraft cockpit with the

instrument panel showing them the status of all the key business activities. ESS typically

involves lots of data analysis and modeling tools such as "what-if" analysis to help strategic

decision-making. Stair, (2016).

2.7 Application of Reservation Systems

Computer Reservations Systems (CRSs) are used for hosting airline seat inventory and seat

reservation transactions. Originally designed, owned and operated by airlines, the use of CRSs

had been extended to travel agents as a distribution tool. Over the years CRSs have evolved into

Global Distribution Systems (GDSs) that host inventory of multiple airlines and other modes of

travel and travel related associated services such as room reservation, ticket reservation systems

for football games, train reservation for reserving train seats and many more others Nasim

(2010).

2.8 Advantages of Reservation Information Systems

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Convenience; One advantage of booking a hotel, flight or car rental online is the convenience.

Being able to make all your travel plans on the Internet means you can do it any time of the day

or night at home, or while you are on your lunch break at the office. Customers on the go can

even make reservations on their smartphones or tablets. There is no need for lengthy phone calls

or visits to a travel agency, with just a few minutes and a click of the mouse, you will have all

your plans finalized, Diane, (2013)

Changes and Cancelations; it is simple for travelers to change or cancel online reservations.

Instead of calling the hotel or airline and waiting for a customer service representative to help

you through the process, booking online means you can do it wherever you have Internet access.

Customer Reviews; Making a reservation over the phone or at a travel agency does not allow

you to check out what past customers have thought of hotel chains or certain airlines. Another

benefit of making online reservations is being able to see these customer reviews. Diane, (2013)

2.9 Limitations of Reservation Information System

Live Help, when you book online, you usually can’t ask a live person questions about hotel

rooms, flight routes, visa requirements or anything else you're concerned about.

Customization; Many travel websites can't handle complicated itineraries, like a trip that

combines train, bus and plane travel. Diane, (2013)

Hidden Fees; Many online travel sites advertise low rates to attract your attention, and then add

fees and surcharges for a much less competitive deal. Diane, (2013)

Limited Validity; The bargain rates that make booking online appear so attractive often mean

giving up flexibility in your dates of travel or other such constraints. Diane, (2013)

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Limited Options; Some small inns and tour guides may not have an online presence. If you only

look for businesses that have websites and online booking capability, you could miss out on

some local color.

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 CHAPTER THREE

SYSTEM ANALYSIS AND DESIGN

3.1 Introduction

The methodology describes the procedures, tools, techniques that were employed to

achieve the specific objectives of the airline reservation system for Flysafe Airlines. The

development of the System was based on the model below. It involved requirement

determination, requirement analysis, system design, implementation, testing and validation. This

approach below describes the sequence of steps involved.

Requirement Determination

Requirements analysis

System Design

Implementation

Testing & Validation

Figure 3.1 the system study and design model

3.2 System Study and Analysis

This was carried out on the existing system. It helped to show the weaknesses of the existing

system. The researcher used various methods to collect information about the current system as

shown below.

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3.2.1 Interviews

These were carried out on Flysafe Airlines‟ staff who are the current users of the system in use.

These were about how customers book specific seats on flights, how customer data and

information is stored and how flight scheduling and management is done. A set of interview

guide were designed by the researcher these questions guided the researcher during the interview

This method had the following advantages;

i. The researcher was exposed to firsthand information from the current administrators of

the current system; this helped the researcher to get the feel of the current system

ii. The researcher was able to ask follow up questions and this helped him to gain more

insight into the current system

Disadvantages of this method

i. This method was time consuming and tiresome since it involved interviewing a big

number of Flysafe Airlines‟ staff

ii. Some of the interviewees didn’t show up for the interview

iii. Because of these disadvantages the researcher used a second method in order to better

understand the current system.

3.2.2 Questionnaire

The researcher used questionnaire to gather information from customers or clients who would

come to the airline head offices to book and check in when their flights are due. The researcher

used both a combination of open ended and closed questionnaire. The respondents were asked to

tick their choice from a given number of choices. Also, the respondents were asked to describe

the current system in their own words. The questionnaire was distributed and later picked when

they were already answered

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Advantages of this method were;

i. It resulted into a wide range of views from different users about the system in use and this

better helped the researcher to fully understand the current manual system. ii. This method

provided clear mind facts about the current system and this helped the researcher in

understanding fully the weaknesses of the current system in use However this method had its

disadvantages and these were;

i. Some handwriting was unreadable

ii. Some views deviated from the question

iii. In this section above the researcher achieved his first objective

3.3 Requirements Determination

The requirement determination involved the collection of information about how the system

should operate. The requirements determination activity was the most difficult part of systems

analysis. It involved gathering and documenting of the true and real requirements for the system

being developed. In here the researcher was primarily thinking and trying to answer the question,

"What must the system do?" This information was used to identify the users‟ requirements and

the system specifications.

3.3.1 Requirements Analysis

The primary goal of this phase was to create a detailed Functional Specification defining the full

set of system capabilities to be implemented, along with accompanying data and process models

illustrating the information to be managed and the processes to be supported by the new system

It involved examination of the collected data. Models such as Data Flow Diagrams (DFD) and

Entity Relationship Diagrams (ERD‟s) were used to model individual processes and data

respectively. Under here requirements were classified as functional and nonfunctional

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requirements, the determination and analysis of requirements helped the researcher to achieve his

second objective

3.4 System Design

This showed the application of system theory to product development by defining the

architecture, components, modules, interfaces and data for a system to satisfy specified

requirements. The goal of design phase was not just to produce a design for the system; instead it

was to find the best possible design within the limitations imposed by the requirements and the

physical as well as the social development in which the system was to operate Stair, (2016).

The system design process was divided into logical, conceptual and physical design

In Logical design; the logical model of the system was developed indicating all the vital steps the

system development went through. Here, the researcher used case tools like flow charts and data

flow diagrams. Conceptual design was a description of the proposed system in terms of a set of

integrated ideas and concepts about what it should do, behave, and look like, that was

understandable by the users in the manner intended. The Physical design was the physical

realization of logical design. Tables, forms and reports were created and relationships defined

among these tables and security constrains set during the physical design the researcher

translated the expected schemas into actual database structures. In here the researcher achieved

his third objective

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Table 3.1: Login Table

FIELD DATA TYPE

Username Text
Password Text

Table 3.2: User Registration

FIELD DATA TYPE

Fullname Text
Email Text
Username Text
Password Text
Id Number

3.5 System Implementation

This involved putting together or building various elements of a system for example Mysql/PHP

for database XAMPP Server for hosting the web pages. This is the stage in which the actual

system was recognized. The technical architecture defined in the design stage was the baseline

for developing the system. The interface ware designed using HTML, PHP, and Java script

languages. This is because these languages provided tremendous friendly user interfaces; that is

easy to learn and affordable. The database was designed in MYSQL basing on Wamp Server

software. MYSQL provides a high level of security to the database, that is, authentication which

can either be during the logging in to the database or on DML commands such as delete, add or

even edit, it also reduces redundancy. In here the researcher achieved his fourth objective

3.6 System Testing

This involved testing the system in order to correct errors or remove defects that rose. This stage

involved testing the source code to make sure that it produced the expected and desired results

when subjected to a set of predefined conditions. It was subdivided into three major phases, that

is, unit testing, system testing and user acceptance testing.

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Under unit testing, specific parts of the source code were tested. Emphasis was put on the

website-database connections to ensure that information sent by a user from the web page form

reaches the systems database.

System testing involved putting the entire software to test in order to find out whether or not the

functional requirements of the system had been efficiently and effectively integrated and

satisfied

Finally, User acceptance testing was done; this was a key factor for the success of the system

performance. The system under consideration was tested for user acceptance by constantly

keeping in touch with the system users that is, the airline customers and staff.

3.7 System Validation

The system was used by different customers to book seats and by different staff to schedule

airplanes. And indeed, the seats were reserved and flights schedules were on time. This helped

the researcher to achieve his last objective

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 CHAPTER FOUR

SYSTEM IMPLEMENTATION

4.1 Introduction

This section describes the tools that were used to develop and implement the system.

These include the context diagram, level zero, and one data flow diagram. These tools helped in

designing the system and coming up with the main concept and logic of the system. Once

information systems development progressed to the design activities, the researcher who was at

the same time systems analyst and programmer focused his attention on the question, "How does

the system do what it is supposed to do?"

4.2 System Design Objectives

The Airline Reservation System (ARS) is a software application to assist an airline with

transactions related to making ticket reservations, which includes blocking, reserving, canceling

and rescheduling tickets.

From the viewpoint of the airlines the system provides the following:

i. The system should minimize repetitive work done by the system administrator and

reservation clerks.

ii. The system should maintain customer information in case of emergency, e.g. flight

cancellation due to inclement weather.

iii. The system should minimize the number of vacant seats on a flight and maximize flight

capacity utilization.

iv. The system should reduce effort and frustration for travelers in scheduling a trip,

especially by reducing the search effort for the flight they need to take.

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 v. The system should make it easy for travelers to check the ticket status or make changes to

their trip.

4.3 System Design

This was divided into Logical, conceptual and physical design

4.3.1 Logical design

In this case the logical model of the system was developed indicating all the vital steps the

system development went through. In this, the researcher used case tools like flow charts and

data flow diagrams. These models were vital in the development of the system. This stage

included the graphical user interface design, input design in which the user inputs in data, the

output design which displays the results of what a user will have entered, and database design

where data is stored for easy management. These designs provided the technical blueprint from

which the system was built. A combination of layout tools such as hand sketches and CASE

tools were used to come up with both input and output designs. Database design was based on

the Relational data model and the database management system employed was MySQL.

4.3.2 Conceptual design

This was a description of the proposed system in terms of a set of integrated ideas and concepts

about what it should do, behave, and look like, that will be understandable by the users in the

manner intended. The process begun with identifying the entities required by the users and then

identifying all the important relationships that exist between the entities. The result was the

model of the user interface that has been developed.

4.3.3 Physical design

This was the physical realization of logical design. Tables, forms and reports were created and

relationships defined among these tables and security constrains set. During the physical design

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the researcher translated the expected schemas into actual database structures and at this time, he

had to map:

i. Entities to tables

ii. Relationship to foreign key constraints

iii. Attributes to columns primary unique identifiers to primary key constraints

iv. Unique identifiers to unique key constraints

v. Attributes to columns.

vi. The system has been developed on the following requirements;

4.4 Functional Requirements

The following requirements were captured for the intended use of the system.

User account

The registered user can directly do the booking of flights and if there is a new user he may

register or he only sees the flight details. But for the reservation of ticket he must register first.

Creation of new user account

When there is a new customer he should fill the form containing field like Name, Address, and

Contact No. , Gender, Email_ id, Age and also User_Id and Password.

Checking Availability

To check the available flight the user should input the origin city and destination city, date of

journey.

Reservation of Flight

After providing all information the system will ask user for confirmation. After confirming the

information, the seats get reserved.

Canceling / Rescheduling of Ticket

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To cancel the reservation the customer should provide the details about Ticket no and flight no

4.5 Non-functional requirements

The application was designed to fulfill the following non-functional requirements.

Performance Requirements

Performance of the system is dependent on the bandwidth of the internet and also the hardware

itself.

Security Requirements

There is only one authorized person who can see the confidential Information. The information

of the customer is only available for the administrator.

Software Quality Attributes

The system is very user friendly, interoperable and flexible

4.5.1 Entities

a. Passenger (customer)

The person who is booking for purposes of travel

b. Flight detail

The airplane to travel in

Journey details

The details of the planned destination

Ticket details

The details of the ticket

e. Schedule details

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4.5.2 Table Attribute Description (Physical Design)

Table 4.1: Customer’s description table

Attribute Data Type Description size

Custid (PK) int Customer Identity 30

First_Name Varchar2 First name of the customer 50

Other_Name Varchar2 Other names of the customer 50

Nationality Varchar2 Nation of origin 10

Residence Varchar2 Residence of customer 12

Tel-No. Int Ticket identifier 8

Password Varchar2 Customer’s password 12

Email Address varchar Email Address of the Customer 100

Other-info Varchar2 Any other information for a customer 250

Table 4.1 showing passenger’s details

Flight table

Attribute Data Type Description size

Book_no (PK) int Flight Identifier 20

Cust_id Varchar2 Customer identity 12

Password Varchar2 Customer Password 30

Journ_Id int Journey identifier 30

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Sche_Id int Schedule identifier 30

Table 4.2 showing flight details Ticket table

Attribute Data Type Description size

Count (PK) int Ticket identifier 20

Ticket_Id Varchar2 Ticket identifier 20

Journ_Id Varchar2 Journey Identifier 20

Fair Currency Cost of the ticket 20

Class Varchar2 Class of the Ticket 20

Status Varchar2 Booked or not booked 20

Table 4.3 showing payment details

Journey Table

Attribute Data Type Description size

Journ_Id (PK) int Journey identifier 10

Source Varchar2 Where the Journey begins 20

Destination Varchar2 Where the Journey stops 12

Cost Currency Cost of the Journey 100

Route Varchar2 The points through which the 100

Journey passes

Table 4.4 showing journey details Schedule Table

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Attribute Data Type Description size
Sche_Id (PK) int Schedule identifier 10

Journ_Id int Journey identifier 20

Ddate Date/time Departure date 12

Deptime Date/time Departure time 100

Arritime Date/time Arrival time 100

4.6 System implementation

The ARS provides the following types of easy-to-use, interactive, and intuitive graphical and

telephonic interfaces.

• The ARS provides an easy-to-use, intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) as part of the

Administrator‟s working desktop environment.

• The ARS also provide an interactive Graphical User Interface, on the World Wide Web

for the general customers.

The system working scenario is as follows:

• The customer should register himself in order to proceed to book ticket service.

• The customer needs to input all the required particular details during the registration

process.

• Upon successful login, the customer will be registered officially to the web service and

he can login using his username and password.  The guest is only permitted to check

flight availability.

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4.7 System Users

This section explains the role of administrator to the system. It also gives the function of admin

to the new system and to the other users in the system

This is the person charged with responsibility of updating system content

Login/Logout

Add/delete/Modify/
customer Information

Add/delete/Modify/
Flight Information

Administrator Add/delete/Modify/
Schedule Information

View cancelled &

reserved tickets

Figure 4.6: Administrator Use-Case Diagram

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Customer (Registered user)

The person who accesses the system from the user point of view

Home page

Login & register

Book flight

Customer or end user

Contact Company

Cancel Reservation
Figure 4.7 customer use case diagram

Guest User
Home page

View schedule info

View Journey Details

Guest User Contact Company

Figure 4.8 showing a Guest User case diagram

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 CHAPTER FIVE

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS

5.1 Conclusion

Before modern computing, the reservation system was done using manual means. This

meant that a person about to travel had to spend a lot of unnecessary time waiting in queues in

order to book their tickets. The manual process of reservation was also prone to human errors,

which lead to a lot of dissatisfaction amongst travelers. Nowadays competition is so fierce

between airlines that there are lot of discounts and a lot of luxuries given to customers that will

give an edge to that particular airline. The online airline reservation automates these processes of

booking airline tickets online, thus reducing the time wasted as well as the errors that are

involved in the manual process. People will argue that online airline reservation system are

expensive, and create unfair competition between other airlines that don’t have them.

From the researchers view, online airline reservation is one the best innovation that has taken

place in the airline industry and those companies that have not yet embraced airline reservation

system ought to lose out, they may sight, additional costs, maintenance cost and the cost of

development as their drawbacks but as Henry R. Luce (2001) [10], put it “Business, more than

any other occupation, is a continual dealing with the future; it is a continual calculation, an

instinctive exercise in foresight” World Wide Web and the Internet is here and airline companies

for the future will seize this opportunity develop airline reservation systems and prosper

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5.2 Recommendations

The researcher recommends the following about the system:

i. The researcher recommends that the administrators and staff of Flysafe Airlines be

trained on how to use the system, thus enabling them to understand the functionality of

the entire system.

ii. More research on this system is required to fully identify and eliminate some of the

weaknesses and integrate it with banks to enable online payment

iii. There is need for the system upgrade as user’s requirements change. User requirements

differ with time; therefore, it is of great help for the system to be flexible enough.

iv. Other researchers can use this project report as a basis during future study of reservation

system say in train reservation systems

v. Owing to the ease and comfort of Airline Reservation Systems, local flights which are

not on the system should be encouraged to compensate the system.

vi. The system should be made affordable so as to encourage consumers and travel agents on

patronizing the system

vii. However, much system access is protected by a username and a password, the entire

computer system should be protected from unauthorized people to avoid misuse and

damage of the system components.

viii. The users should carefully choose usernames and passwords so as to avoid security

breach of the system hence they shouldn’t have short passwords, using their friends or

relatives‟ names as passwords.

ix. Backups should be done frequently to avoid data loss in case of hardware or software

malfunction.

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