8046b 7. Conjunction PDF

CONJUNCTIONS
The 3 types of conjunctions are:
Conjunctions
Subordinating
Coordinating conjunctions. Correlative
conjunctions. Examples: conjunctions.
Examples: for, after, although, Examples: not
and, neither, unless, only... but also,
but, or, yes, so. because, in neither...nor,
- F.A.N.B.O.Y.S order, since, if, though...yet.
that.
A conjunction is a word that links words,

phrases or clauses.
1. Coordinating
- Joins group of words, compound
subject, predicate and sentences.
2. Correlative
- Pair of conjunctions that require equal
structure after each one.
3. Subordinating
- Joins main and subordinate clauses.
Coordinate conjunctions
Coordinate conjunctions (or coordinating conjunctions) most commonly
join like with like. This means, for examples, they join an adjective with an
adjective, a noun with a noun, or a clause with a clause.
The three most common coordinate conjunctions are and, but and or.
There are seven in total. They are:
 For
 And
 Nor
 But
 Or
 Yet
 So
You can remember them using the mnemonic F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.
Examples of Coordinate Conjunctions:
 The waiters served sandwiches and cakes.
(joins two nouns)
 The manager, his deputy or his secretary will be with you in a moment.
(joins three nouns)
 It is a small but aggressive dog.

(joins two adjectives)
 He typed the letter quickly but accurately.

(joins two adverbs)
 She must be able to sing and dance.

(joins two verbs)
 She must be able to sing like a rock

star and dance like a ballerina.
(joins two phrases)
 She must be able to sing and she must be able to dance.

(joins two clauses)
Correlative conjunctions
Correlative conjunctions are used in pairs to link equivalent
elements in a sentence.
The most common ones are:
 either...or
 neither...nor
 not only...but also
 so...as
Examples of Correlative Conjunctions
 I am removing not only your gun but also your permit.

(The equivalent elements being linked are your gun and your permit. They
are both noun phrases.)
 It was neither clever nor funny.

(The equivalent elements being linked are clever and funny. They are
both adjectives.)
 Either go home or shut up.

(The equivalent elements being linked are go home and shut up. They are
both imperative verbs.)
The key learning point in these examples is that correlative conjunctions

link equivalent elements.
When Using Correlative Conjunctions, Keep a Parallel
Structure
When using correlative conjunctions, make sure the elements
behind each one are the same type of word (like in the examples
above). This is called a parallel structure. Look at these examples:
 She is not only taking a holiday but also a pay rise.

In this example, the first half of the conjunction is in front of the
main verb (taking) and the second half is in front of a noun
phrase (a pay rise).
 She is taking not only a holiday but also a pay rise.

This version has a parallel structure.
 She is not only taking a holiday but also getting a pay rise.
This version also has a parallel structure.
Neither...Nor Plays a Negative Role

Be aware that the pairing of neither…nor plays a
negative role in your sentence. Be careful not to use
a double negative. For example:
 I couldn't use neither the lorry nor the van.
 I could use neither the lorry nor the van.
 I couldn't use either the lorry or the van.

Subordinating conjunctions
Subordinating conjunctions are used to link a subordinate
clause (also known as a dependent clause) to the main clause
(also known as an independent clause).
Examples (the main clause is in bold and the subordinating

conjunction is shaded):
 She left early because Mike arrived with his new girlfriend.
 Keep your hand on the wound until the nurse asks you to
take it off.
A List of Common Subordinating Conjunctions
after in order that

though
although in the event that
until
as just in case
when
as soon as now that
whenever
because once
where
before only if
whereas
by the time provided that
wherever
even if rather than
whether
even though since
whether or not
every time so that
while
if than
why
in case that
The Function of a Subordinating Conjunction

When a sentence has an independent clause (main clause)
and at least one dependent clause, it is known as a complex
sentence.
The subordinating conjunction provides the bridge between

the main clause and the dependent clause.
Examples of Subordinating Conjunctions
Below are some common subordinating conjunctions in
sentences:
Subordinating
Category Example
Conjunction
as reason As it's raining, I'm staying in.
because reason I'm staying in because it's raining.
In order that I don't miss the postman, I'm
in order that reason
staying in.
since reason Since you're going out, I'm staying in.
so that reason I'm staying in so that I don't miss the postman.
concession
although and I'm staying in although I'd rather go out.
comparison
concession
as and I'm staying in as you should.
comparison
concession
even though and I'm staying in even though the sun is out.
comparison
concession
just as and I'm staying in just as you should.
comparison
concession
though and I'm staying in though I wish I weren't.
comparison
concession
whereas and I'm staying in whereas you are going out.
comparison
concession
While and I'm staying in while you are going out.
comparison
even if condition Even if it rains, I'm going out.
if condition If it rains, I'm staying in.
in case condition I'm staying in in case it rains.
provided that condition Provided it doesn't rain, I'm going out.
unless condition I'm going out unless it rains.
where place I fish where the waves start to form.
wherever place I will live wherever the weather is good.
after time I'm going out after the football match.
as soon as I'm going out as soon as the football has
time
finished.
I'm staying out as long as the weather stays
as long as time
good.
before time I'm going out before the football match ends.
I'm going out once the football game has
once time
finished.
till time I'm staying out till the weather turns bad.
until time I'm staying out until the weather turns bad.
when time I'm going out when the weather improves.
whenever time I go out whenever the weather is good.
while time I'll stay out while the weather is good.
Subordinating Conjunctions and Commas

A subordinating conjunction and the subordinate clause often form
an adverbial clause.
For example:
 Keep your hand on the wound until the nurse asks you to take it off.
(The text in bold is an adverbial clause. It's an adverb of time.)
When an adverbial clause is at the start of a sentence, it is usually
followed with a comma. However, comma is not needed when it ends
the sentence (as above).
 Until the nurse asks you to take it off, keep your hand on the wound.
(Note the comma.)
Conjunction Usage Examples
We have tickets for the symphony and
the opera.
A shop that sold books as well as
And, as well newspapers.
as, besides, Show similarity Do you play any other sports besides
not only...but or close basketball?
also, also, relationship The car not only is economical but also
both... and... feels good to drive.
She is a photographer and also a writer.
Both the movie and the play were
good.
Everyone but Anna has checked in.
She bought a car two months ago and
But, still, she still hasn’t taken any driving lessons.
though/ Show contrast Karen is coming to stay next
although, yet week although I’m not sure what day
she is coming.
I haven’t finished my breakfast yet.
Unless I hear from you, I’ll see you at
Show two o’clock.
Unless, or else
condition I’ll have to leave now, or else I’ll miss
my train.
I’ll go by car so that I can take more
luggage.
So that, in Show purpose
In order that you can sign the form,
order to of an action
please print it out and mail it to this
address.
They arrived as we were leaving.
Show action When I was young, there were no
As, when, or events that houses here.
while happen at the I found these photos while I was
same time. cleaning out my cupboards.
Is it Tuesday or Wednesday today?
To express
Or, either...or You can pay either by cash or by credit
choice
card.
Neither...nor Neither Joe nor Maria will be at the
To show
(negative), wedding.
similarity in the
both...and She played both hockey and basketball
idea
(positive) when she was a student.
I got here late. It was a long
journey, so I’m really tired now.
We are unable to get our holidays and
therefore had to cancel the trip.
So, therefore, All the shops were closed, and
Show result of
consequently, consequently we couldn’t buy any
an action
as a result food.
It was raining heavily, as a result, the
people were evacuated to higher
ground.
As the forecast predicted, the weather

was sunny for the whole weekend.
Don’t disturb father as he is busy
As, for, completing his accounts.
Show reason
because, She did not attend the dinner because
for an action
since she was sick.
Sean had no reason to take a
taxi since his flat was near enough to
walk to.

8046b 7. Conjunction PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

8046b 7. Conjunction PDF

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

8046b 7. Conjunction PDF

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CONJUNCTIONS

The 3 types of conjunctions are:

A conjunction is a word that links words,

You can remember them using the mnemonic F.A.N.B.O.Y.S.

Examples of Coordinate Conjunctions:

 The waiters served sandwiches and cakes.

(joins two nouns)

 It is a small but aggressive dog.

 He typed the letter quickly but accurately.

 She must be able to sing and dance.

 She must be able to sing like a rock

 She must be able to sing and she must be able to dance.

 I am removing not only your gun but also your permit.

 It was neither clever nor funny.

 Either go home or shut up.

The key learning point in these examples is that correlative conjunctions

 She is not only taking a holiday but also a pay rise.

 She is taking not only a holiday but also a pay rise.

Neither...Nor Plays a Negative Role

 I couldn't use neither the lorry nor the van.

 I could use neither the lorry nor the van.

 I couldn't use either the lorry or the van.

Examples (the main clause is in bold and the subordinating

A List of Common Subordinating Conjunctions

after in order that

The Function of a Subordinating Conjunction

The subordinating conjunction provides the bridge between

Subordinating Conjunctions and Commas

As the forecast predicted, the weather

You might also like