For questions 1-8, read the text below and decide which answer (A, B, C or D) best fits each gap. There is an example at the beginning (0). Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Example: 0 Agather B produce C find D gain (2222 Alfred Wainwright Alfred Wainwright came from a relatively poor family but managed to (0) qualifications in accountancy. However it is not for his skill in accountancy that he is (1)........ but for his pictorial guidebooks to the English Lake District. The Lake District is in the north-west of England and (2) ... kilometres. As its name (3) an area of some 2,292 square .., itis an area of lakes and mountains. Alfred first went there on a walking holiday in 1930 and immediately fell in love with the area. He (4) the Lake District into seven parts and wrote a guide for each of them. The guides, 6) hand-drawn maps and sketches of views from the summits of the different mountains. He entirely of copies of his hand-written manuscripts. All have descriptions of walks with intended the books to be just for his own personal (6) but was eventually (7) ssn t0 publish them. They are beautiful books which (8)... 88 popular as ever. 4 A reminded B recollected © referred D. remembered 2 A reaches B_ extends G ranges D- covers 3 A implies B represents C proves D- means 4 A distributed B assigned © divided D. allocated 5 A involve B consist G include D- contain 6 A application B use C employment —D-_practice 7 A persuaded B impressed C caused D. infiuenced 8 A stay B keep C continue D_ remainPart 2 For questions 9-16, read the text below and think of the word which best fits each gap. Use only ‘one word in each gap, There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN GAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. The origin of coins According (0)......... the Greek historian Herodotus (484-425 BC), the Lydian people were the first to use metallic coins. In fact, these earliest coins were made out (9) electrum, a naturally-occurring mixture of gold and silver. The coins were first produced in the seventh century BC with a design on (10) ......... Side only; the other was marked with simple punches. Each coin was assigned a value in units. Some coins were inscribed with names in Lydian script, but it is unclear (11) ....... these are names of kings or just of rich men who produced the coins. (12) ....... Of the inregular size and shape of the coins, it must (19) ......... been difficult to tell one (14) ........ another, especially some of the smaller ones. Thus, many costs were expressed (15) ........ terms of the total weight of the coins required and transactions were completed by weighing the coins used together, (16) ..... than counting individual ones,Part 3 For questions 17-24, read the text below. Use the word giver in capitals at the end of some of the lines to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line. There is an example at the beginning (0). Write your answers IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer sheet. example: [0] [Alc] 7] i[¥] / [ Play Play is an (0)... that all children take part In, whether alone or with others. in fact, play offers @ wide (17) ...... of benefits for children and ig vital for a ehild's leaming and (18) ........ development. It is central to the formation of @ child's personality and can help to increase the knowledge children need to cope with the challenges: they encounter in school and at hams. Play enables children to realise their potential and to find solutions to problems, thus allowing them to experience the (19) ...... that success brings. Experts tell us that it is (20) to overestimate the (21)... of play as it Is probably the most effective way that children have of trying out and mastering new skills. By opening children's minds to (22) (23) ......-for life. and imagination, play is indeed good However, as far as children themselves are concemed, the only value of play Is: quite simply in the fun and (24) that it gives them, ACTIVE VARY EMOTION SATISFY POSSIBLE IMPORTANT CREATE PREPARE PLEASEPart4 For questions 25-30, complete the second sentence so that it has a similar meaning to the first ‘sentence, using the word given. Do not change the ward given. You must use between two and five words, including the word given. Here is an example (0) Example: © A very friendly taxi driver drove us into town. DRIVEN We sn a very friendly taxi driver. The gap can be filed by the words ‘were driven into town by’, 20 you write: Example: 0 WERE DRIVEN INTOTOWNBY Write only the missing words IN CAPITAL LETTERS on the separate answer shoot, 25 Martin never goes to bed without having a shower first, HAS. Matin aN socnnonmne to bed. 26 Tina was too frightened to stay in the house on her own, BEEN Tina would have stayed in the house om her OWN oo. meu .-80 frightened, 27 Iwill not be possible to buy tickets for the match until next Monday. SALE Tickets forthe match will ne meennennaes UME Et Monday. 28 Theonly vegetable that Helen dislikes is cabbage. VEGETABLES okoe, HINO LA teem from cabbages. 29° When Alex has finished his essay a trend is going to check the spelling for him CHECKED When Alex has finished his essay, eis going to... ener rend, 30. ‘Tmsorry to disturb: you when you're so busy, said Tom. EXCUSE ‘Please... swnsnsom YOU Vrhen you'ra:So busy,” said Tom.Parts ‘Youare going to read part of the introduction to a cookery book called in Search of Total Perfection bby Heston Blumenthal. For questions 31-96, cheose the answer (A, B, Cor Bj which you think fits best according to the text. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet, When my first coakery programme in Searele of Perfection first came out, thad no idea how It would be received by the viewers and the press. There had been plenty of tak going Found atthe time about the food ‘revolution sweeping throsigh Britain, and Twas certain that we'd produced a series of programmes that mace a genuinely Innovative contribution tothat, but stil the question worried m ‘would people appreciate an approach to ‘ooking that lavelved nat just techniques bat also history, nostalgia and selence? Lwatehed the fist programme in a mixed state of Joy and fear T needn't have worried, The subsequent success ofthe show paved the way fora sorts of olher fascinating projects, including a books based! on my experionces at the restaurant [ ‘own Ineach project therels aseneeol belngon. a Journey, be it into the past, into the mind, or Inta cookery techniques. then wrote several books In series called “Periecton’. each one accompanying its own TV peogramme of the same name, In these, however, the Journey ‘was often a very phrysieal one, with passports. ‘and sulteases and itnerartes, fe Search of Total Perfection is the latest In the series, and in it ‘youTl zigzag the globe in order to meet some straordinary artisans, such ag 2 man who finds his true purpose in creating a golden pasta that tastes beter than any other, These people have spent decades pursulngthalr own eas of perfection. Perfection is, of course, highly subjective [Even the seemingly simple task of choosing which dishes to tnehide in the series turned foutto be nightmare, and [ knew Iwas bound to upset many people by leaving out their rleular favourite, Where's steak and kidney ple and bread and butter pudding?” | auld Imagine people saying. Nevertheless, after shutting ourselves away Ina meeting room ang agrecing not to emerge unt we bad eome ‘up with asuitabie ist the TV production team and | eventually had something for everyone, ‘This reinforced my opinion that each of tus has our own idea of what constitutes periection, drawing heavily on a highly personalised mix of emotions, memories ‘and surroundings. Despite the book's title, én Search af Perfection, | knew ior the outset {hat T wouldn't be cialming the recipes were Jn any way ‘definitive’. But T'reckoned that, by using my technical skill and. scientific Inooeledge, by talking to food producers and artisansand chefs and thelr customers, could ‘pin dow some of the things that made these lshes work. ‘Wille the dictionary defines ‘periection’ as the state ofbeing perfect, also offersa second ‘definition of equal Importance to this book: honing’ through gradual experimentation “Trying out eas and then revising them unt you artive at something uniquely wonderful The TV series gave me the opportunity to get ‘oct and lock into all sorts of foods, pecple and Places I'é never encountered before in any Yestaurant, and | was as exelted about that as ‘Was about the chance to explore memory and ‘ostalgia in food beeause I started out it this Dusiness in exactly the same way. ‘Searching out the Best ingredients fov the recipes took me all over the globe. Among ‘my adventures were: being taken with great solemnity and aswurance 10 canning factory that turned ut to be processing eompletaly the wrong sort of tomato, end visiting a dairy farm whese standards fell so fat ahoyt of perfection that we had to stop Bling there! Refining the technique for each recipe, ended ‘up handmilling a cow and then using dry fe to tum the milk into ice cream, cooking chicken breasts in ahospltal scanning machine ‘and nearly burning my house down in. an Clfort to get the even het enough for proper Neapolitarstyle pizza. line 68st 36 In the second paragraph, Heston implies that the books in the ‘Perfection’ series had a more inteenational focus than his fst Book. strongly developed the psychological aspect of the subject. feature some characters who re-appsared in itferant books, were less successful than the TV programmes that went with them. voo> ‘What did Heston think about the meting to discuss the ‘Perfection’ series? A. twas useful in highlighting some practical problems. Bitresulted in a very strange decision, © It should have been more productive, D_ twas demanding but efficient. ‘What does Heston imply about the recipes in his new book? ‘A They vary considerably from the versions that inspired them. B They could be developed further in the future. © The inal wording of them was easy to come up with D_ The salection is not necessary one he would have made himset. What does ‘honing’ inline 62 tellus about the recipes? They can never be completely perfect They are regarded by Heston as being experimental Trey serve another significant purpose in Heston's book. They have been worked on and improved over a period of time. coa> What does ‘that’ refer to in ine 687 bbaing wiling to try out new things learning the trade in a particular restaurant G exploring the relationship between food and the past D_ wondering about the importance af food in people's lives o> Heston says that during his travels around the globe, he hhad to be resourceful and adaptable narrowly avoided disaster on several occasions. ‘was forever solving problems caused by other people's incompetence. hhad to respect an unustal local custom. o> 00Part 6 ‘You are gaing to 2 read a newspaper article about observing marine creatures called manatees. Six sentences have been removed from the articls. Choose from the-sentences A-G the ane which {its each gap (37-42). Thera is ane extra sentence which you da not need to use. Mark your answers on the separate answer sheot. Swimming with Manatees, Florida's Gentle Giants ‘When most popple lock to the famous amusement parks in Orlando, Florida, they ‘miss same of the natural weders the State has ‘ooler twas tn Cirrus County:00 the beautiful ‘wast cust of Florida that we went to see the ‘manatee, an amazing mammal shat occupies ‘coastal waters and rivers Our days started early: In the morning at Homossses Springs, as this fe the poriect time to snogkel with the manatees belore they get tired af viatars, We boarded s pontoon boat with Captain Traci Wood from Native Vacations. Having spotted two manatees Just below the water, Captain Trati stopped the boatasthedvo slowly glided towards us, g7=] |Our boat was soon surrounded by olber members ofthis gentle species Sean we resumed our journey. Within a few ‘minutes Captain Traci stopped the boat again and we were glen instructions. Whatever you do, she sald, remember the three golden ules: taioiowze splash noise; act with very alow movernants: ad ‘shen you touch ane of ‘these friendly, gentle gray giants on the back or ‘stomach, never touch with more than ane hand ‘ats time, The Endangered Species Act farils touching 8 manatee unless it touches you Est, and they wil et you know. The protection of this endangered species taken very seriously, For children, there is absolutely oo ehusing or riding the manatees. Homosassa manatees are very eoclal and will come Lo Yoo. ‘eat dey ot Tre itera Springs, we entered the water very slowly, trying to keep dawn the amount of thick, mud iment rising trom de bet ef tse BEET] hls cast foram uth tae manater aooTa el ical trinmsting We sate yourg che oe wel Staion in the water and there wns an abundant Tel energy and cot amon Manatees are strictly herbivores, and they wat a great variety of species, inchuding water hyacinth and water lettuce. They're very big, measuring 3 to 5 metres and weighing as much as 1,600 laos, Manatees are of course wild ‘ereatures, although witen face to face with them, you're unlikely ta fee any fear. Since not all visitors wan to get nose-to-nose-with the manatees, nonswimmers can also view them at Homosassa Springs State Wildlife Park: The park rovides a worderful homme fot some manatees "They are well ookeel after by poaple ‘who really understand them. The park also serves fs a research and observation center, offering three dally educational programs tothe publi: Fram December to March, groups of manatces escape the cold winter ocean and bask:in the warm ‘waters near power plants and coastal springs that stay about 2 degrees year-round. Snarkelers, divers afd swirnaers came to Florida fromallaver ‘he warld fara chance-toswign or Interact with the ddorile manatee in its natural environment, rch la marine vegetation, 0 the manatees arrive every year by the humdreds to find warmth, ‘nourishment and maybe, just maybe, to visit us ‘the curious humans. ‘The truth is, swimming with manatees is a life-altering experience. ‘Those that have been injured or orphaned will also spend their lives there since they are unable to survive in the wild, But this won't diminish the experience in the least. ‘This abundant squrce-of fond makes this area an ideal habitat for the manatees. E ‘This was to avoid disturbing some of the manatees wha were still sleeping while others were slow-padlling around. ‘They used their paddlestike tails to propel themselves, steering with their flippers, gracefully moving thelr bodtes through the water in our direction. Bespite this, they look very cute.Part7 ‘You are going to read an article about four people wha set up local environmental projects. For questions 49-52, choose from the people (A-D). The people may be chosen more than once. (Mark your answers on the separate answer sheet. Which person accepted that the attitudes of locall people might be impossible to change? [43] included a useful additional feature on a product? co-operated with others to develop the initial idea? had to conwinee local people to take part in an experiment? managed to get products sold in other countries? received formal recognition for a project's achievements? realised that it wasn't possible to use ideas that had worked elsewhere? saw that a traditional way of life was under threat? created an example that people in different places were able to follow? used materials that they recycled?Local environmental heroes Four innovators who founded local conservation projects Uke many Kenyans, ap studying by the light of a kerosene Lamp. Bad lor his eyes, the lamps alsa produced harmful fuenes that made him eaugh. So, Evans designed 3 cleaner sun-powered alternative. Instead of importing solar technology trom Evans Wadenga grew & mass-producing country, he sct up the Use Solar initstive, which trained youngsters 10 ‘manufacture special solar-powered lamp, using locallysourced scrap metal and fragments of solar panels, USB port, built into the bese, ollered an easy waytocharge phones andiradios, ‘The lamps were then given to local groups, wad used the money they saved on kerosene fo set lwp small businesses such as paltry farming ‘or beekeeping. Evans says that getting finance ‘or the project was a challenge due to its long- term nature. Exch lunp costs $25, whieh covers materials, training and distribution. The groups ‘used money irom thelr successiul Dusinesses to Duy move Lamps. ene Coastal communities ia south-western Madagascar have lived by fshing for more than ‘a thousand years, But when biologist Alasdlalr Hareis visited the region, tke found them strugsiing to sustain themselves because population increases ad diminished kacal Fish stocks, Unsurprisingly. people had mixed feelings when he suggested closing one of the local fishing grounds, but agreed to a three- month trial, When it was re-opested, they caught 4 staggering 1,200 bg af actopus in'one day and the community could see the benefit of locking alter their resources. Others soon tok wp the model and the country now boasts hundreds tb marine areas, monitored and. protected by focal people, Organisations in neighbouring ‘countries have begun to replicate the model, as recognition grows for the importance of locally Jnlated conservation, ‘We nead a rasielly ew spprosch,” Almaty say, thats winy we do tls Although much of Vietnam's population Ives in rural areas, ts two majorities are increasingly allecied by trafic and pollution. Ride-sharing was a relatively new ‘concept when Narn Nguyen foundes his Hanotbased ride-sharing website. Iniially, he intended to make a free network where people could share vehicles and contributeto protecting theenvaronment.‘Itried to learn the model from Exropean sefiemes, but they didn't really work here. Private vehiches fare a souree ol pride lor many city dwellers, Who rely on them to wisi their families io the provinces. They wouldn't give them up easily He realised held have to form a busigess plan to help finance and promote the idea. So, Nara esigned a taxtsharing service whose profits could support the ridesharing enterprise he had initially imagined. "The taxl service hes become our main revenue streae. It allows the idesharing network to continue to grow” Teelseieel) About to graduate with a business administration degree but facing a tough Job market in Ghana, Bernice Dapaan joined forces ith some enginearing students to creste sn lnnavative product from bamboo. an abundant ‘crop in Ghana. They make strong, lightweight and durable bikes out af bamboo, using a fevergrowing team of young people specially trained for the role. The project has serious ‘green credentials, toa: not only are the bikes a affordable, environmentally sound alternative to cars, but bamboo Is last-growing, produces Up to 358% more oxygen than other trees and helpete prevent sollerosion, a significant cause of concern for farmers, it's an idea so beitant the team went on to win ten international awards. The initiative had soon sold over a thousand bikes, including exports, allowing new workshops to be set up. The itlea és that cach employee, once trainod, can train and ‘empley five others and bikes ean be produced! 00 a sznall scale all over Ghana.