A Visual Guide To Camera Angles: Zoom Tilt Pan Dolly

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Zoom Pan Tilt Dolly


Zooming gives the impression of moving Panning moves the camera horizontally A tilt is a vertical pan movement. A slow In a dolly shot a track-mounted camera
closer or further away from the subject. It on a central axis. The camera remains upwards tilt can be very effective in moves towards or away from the subject.
can be used to magnify a focus point in stationary, but the direction that it faces making a subject appear bigger or more Unlike a zoom, the world around the
the frame, but other moves such as a changes. Can be used to follow a moving significant while a downwards tilt has the subject moves with the camera. A dolly
dolly, are a more natural way to show character or to fit more into a frame. opposite effect. towards the subject creates intimacy.
movement.

Truck Pedestal Establishing shot Full shot


Similar to dollying, trucking involves a A pedestal involves moving the camera Establishing shots build ambiance and The full shot is just as the name implies
moving a track-mounted camera along a upwards or downwards in relation to a show the context of what’s to come. and shows the entire body of the subject
fixed horizontal path. Often used to subject. It’s different from tilting in that Often a long shot, the establishing shot from head to toe. This shot tends to
follow characters in action. Get rid of the entire camera ascends or descends, indicates where (and sometimes when) focus more on the character’s movement
jerking camera movements with a fluid rather than camera angle alone. the scene is taking place. rather than their state of mind.
motion track.

Medium shot Close shot Extreme close shot Up shot


Also known as the ¾ shot, the medium In a close shot, the subject’s head and/or An extreme close shot is so close that An up shot is taken from below eye-level
shot typically shows the subject from the face takes up most of the frame. This only one detail, such as a person’s eyes creates the perception that the viewer is
knees up. It allows the viewer to see the allows their reactions and emotions to or mouth, can be seen. Because of the looking at them from a lower
background environment and the dictate the scene. The subject is the unnaturally close nature of the shot, it perspective. This type of shot can give
character’s gestures, while still being focus which helps build a connection should be used sparingly. An ECS can be the impression that the subject is
close enough to capture their emotions. with the audience. incredibly effective for adding drama. powerful, heroic, or even dangerous.

Down shot Over the shoulder Two shot Point of view shot
A down shot, in contrast to an up shot, is Taken from behind the shoulder of A two shot presents two characters The point of view (POV) shot shows us
taken from above the eye-level of the another character, an OTS typically together within the same frame. It’s a what character sees in first-person. It
subject and can make the subject seem frames the subject in a medium or close natural means of introducing both allows the viewer to take on the
vulnerable or powerless. shot. It is effective in group conversation people and can be used to shed light on perspective of the character and begin to
scenes and establishes which characters their relationship with one another. understand their state of mind on a more
are speaking to each other. personal level.

A visual guide
Understanding the most important camera shots will help you
make easy-to-read storyboards, and good storyboards lead to
good films. Whether you’re making a film, an animation, or

to camera angles something else entirely, these 16 camera moves and shot
types will give your visual vocabulary a boost.

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