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    Kohlberg

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    Lawrence Kohlberg developed a stage-based theory of moral development consisting of six stages within three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Kohlberg's theory asserts that moral development arises from thinking about moral issues rather than conscious teaching. The six stages progress from obedience and punishment, to maintaining relationships and upholding laws, and finally prioritizing social contracts and universal principles of justice. Kohlberg's theory was criticized for being based primarily on research with white males and for asserting women have deficient moral reasoning.

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    Kohlberg

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    Lawrence Kohlberg developed a stage-based theory of moral development consisting of six stages within three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Kohlberg's theory asserts that moral development arises from thinking about moral issues rather than conscious teaching. The six stages progress from obedience and punishment, to maintaining relationships and upholding laws, and finally prioritizing social contracts and universal principles of justice. Kohlberg's theory was criticized for being based primarily on research with white males and for asserting women have deficient moral reasoning.

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    Lawrence Kohlberg developed a stage-based theory of moral development consisting of six stages within three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Kohlberg's theory asserts that moral development arises from thinking about moral issues rather than conscious teaching. The six stages progress from obedience and punishment, to maintaining relationships and upholding laws, and finally prioritizing social contracts and universal principles of justice. Kohlberg's theory was criticized for being based primarily on research with white males and for asserting women have deficient moral reasoning.

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    52 views10 pages

    Kohlberg

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    Lawrence Kohlberg developed a stage-based theory of moral development consisting of six stages within three levels of moral reasoning: pre-conventional, conventional, and post-conventional. Kohlberg's theory asserts that moral development arises from thinking about moral issues rather than conscious teaching. The six stages progress from obedience and punishment, to maintaining relationships and upholding laws, and finally prioritizing social contracts and universal principles of justice. Kohlberg's theory was criticized for being based primarily on research with white males and for asserting women have deficient moral reasoning.

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    of 10

    Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development

    Corey Sharpe
    Professor Shkorupa
    EDU 201-3003
    Who is Lawrence Kohlberg?
    ● Lawrence Kohlberg was born October 25, 1927 and committed suicide on January
    19, 1987.
    ● He enrolled in the University of Chicago at the age of 21, and earned his
    bachelor’s degree within a year.
    ● He was a psychologist, best known for his Theory of
    Stages of Moral Development
    What is Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development?
    Kohlberg’s theory of moral development is a stage-based model of moral maturity
    developed by Lawrence Kohlberg in 1958. Kohlberg continued to develop and edit the
    theory based upon new research throughout his life. The theory offers three levels of
    moral development, each of which contains two stages. Kohlberg asserts that moral
    development is neither the result of a genetic blueprint nor the result of conscious
    teaching of morality. Rather, it is a process of maturing that arises from thinking about
    moral issues.
    What is Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development?
    Kohlberg’s stages of moral development were influenced by the Swiss psychologist,
    Jean Piaget’s, stage-based theory of development. Kohlberg expanded on Piaget’s two
    stages, identifying six stages of moral development.
    What are the six stages of moral development?
    ● Preconventional Morality
    ○ Obedience and Punishment
    ○ Individualism and Exchange
    ● Conventional Morality
    ○ Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships
    ○ Law and Order
    ● Postconventional Morality
    ○ Social Contract
    ○ Universal Principles
    Preconventional Morality
    ● Stage One: Obedience and Punishment
    ○ A child is motivated to avoid punishment. If a person is
    punished, they must have done something wrong.
    ● Stage Two: Individualism and Exchange
    ○ “What’s in it for me?” Right behavior is defined by whatever the
    individual believes to be in their best interest. Stage two reasoning
    shows a limited interest in the needs of others, only to the point
    where it might further the individual's own interests. As a result,
    concern for others is not based on loyalty or intrinsic respect, but
    rather a "you scratch my back, and I'll scratch yours" mentality.
    Conventional Morality
    ● Stage Three: Maintaining Interpersonal Relationships
    ○ Individuals emphasize the importance of being kind to other people,
    engaging in “good” behavior and showing concern for others. There is a
    strong emphasis on gaining approval at this stage.
    ● Stage Four: Law and Order
    ○ The individual is determined to obey the rules, focusing on the value that
    the law adds to human life. A person at this stage might argue that
    breaking the law is wrong because the law is designed to protect people.
    This stage has individuals focus on maintaining the social order and
    upholding cultural norms.
    Postconventional Morality
    ● Stage Five: Social Contract
    ○ People at this stage of development focus on doing what is best for
    society as a whole and respecting individual rights. Civil disobedience
    would be endorsed by people in both stages of post-conventional
    morality
    ● Stage Six: Universal Principles
    ○ At this stage, individuals are focused on upholding principles of
    universal justice, fairness, and ethics. They believe in the democratic
    process, but also endorse disobeying unjust laws.
    Criticism of Kohlberg
    Kohlberg has been criticized for his assertion that women seem to be deficient in their
    moral reasoning abilities when compared to men. Carol Gilligan, a research assistant of
    Kohlberg, criticized her former mentor’s theory because it was based so narrowly on
    research using white, upper-class men and boys. She argued that women are not
    deficient in their moral reasoning and instead proposed that males and females reason
    differently: girls and women focus more on staying connected and maintaining
    interpersonal relationships.
    Works Cited
    ● http://www.simplypsychology.org/kohlberg.html
    ● https://www.boundless.com/psychology/textbooks/boundless-psychology-textbook
    /human-development-14/theories-of-human-development-70/kohlberg-s-stages-of-
    moral-development-268-12803/

    ● http://www.goodtherapy.org/famous-psychologists/lawrence-kohlberg.html

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