ANSI/NEMA C29.

2A-2013

American National Standard

for Insulators

Wet Process Porcelain and Toughened Glass—

Distribution Suspension Type

Secretariat:

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

Approved: June 2013

Published: November 2013

American National Standards Institute, Inc.

 NOTICE AND DISCLAIMER

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Published by

National Electrical Manufacturers Association

1300 North 17th Street, Suite 900, Rosslyn, VA 22209

 Copyright 2013 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association

All rights reserved including translation into other languages, reserved under the Universal Copyright
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Printed in the United States of America.

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 C29.2A-2013
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FOREWORD

(This foreword is not part of American National Standard C29.2A-2013)

This standard has its origins in one of a series of standards issued 1952 by the Joint Committee on
Insulator Standards of the Edison Electric Institute and the National Electrical Manufacturers Association.
That original 1952 standard was designated as: EEI-NEMA Standards for Wet-Process Porcelain Insulators
(Suspension Type), EEI Publication Number TDJ-52, NEMA Publication Number 140-1952.

Several subsequent revisions were made and iss ued by the American Standards Association, Inc., and
more recently by the American National Standards Institute (ANSI), as an American National Standard.
ANSI C29.2-2012 has now been divided into two parts; C29A and C29B, where insulators with shell
diameters less than 9 inches (228.6 mm) now are covered by C29.2A and those with shell diameters of at
least 9 inches (228.6 mm) now are being covered by C29.2B.

Suggestions for improvement of this standard will be welcome. They should be sent by the date of its next
st
scheduled revision which is December 31 , 2015 to:

Senior Technical Director, Operations

National Electrical Manufacturers Association
1300 North 17 th Street, Suite 900
Rosslyn, VA 22209

This standard was processed and approved for submittal to ANSI by Accredited Standards Committee on
Insulators for Electric Power Lines, C29. Committee approval of the standard does not necessarily imply
that all committee members voted for approval. At the time it approved this standard, the ASC C -29
committee had the following members:

Rob Christman, Chairman

Steve Griffith, Secretary

Organization Represented: Name of Representative:

Edison Electric Institute B. Freimark
R. Christman
E. Cleckley
M. Garrels
R. Kluge
J. Varner (alt)
G. Obenchain (alt)

Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers T. Grisham

J. Hildreth
A. Jagtiani
J. Kuffel
A. Phillips
E. Gnandt (alt)

National Electrical Manufacturers Association P. Maloney

A.C. Baker
R.A. Bernstorf
D.G. Powell
G.A. Stewart

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E. Willis (alt)
Z. Lodi (alt)
E. Niedospial (alt)
A. Schwalm (alt)

Tennessee Valley Authority J. Nelson

R. Stargel (alt)
Western Area Power Administration R. Clark

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page

FOREWORD ................................................................................................................................………………..iv
1 SCOPE .................................................................................................................................................................. 1
2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES ................................................................................................................................ 1
3 DEFINITIONS ......................................................................................................................................................... 1
4 GENERAL ............................................................................................................................................................... 1
5 MATERIALS........................................................................................................................................................... 1
5.1 Insulator Shells ................................................................................................................................................... 1
5.2 Shell Surface …………………………………………………………………………………………...……….2
5.3 Metal Parts ................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.4 Cotter Keys ................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.4.1 Material ................................................................................................................................................... 2
5.4.2 Clevis Insulators ................................................................................................................................................. 2
6 DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS ........................................................................................................... 2
7 MARKING............................................................................................................................................................... 3
8 SAMPLING, INSPECTION, AND TESTS ............................................................................................................ 3
8.1 General ................................................................................................................................................................. 3
8.2 Design Tests……………………………………………………………………………………………………...3
8.2.1 Low-Frequency Dry Flashover Test.................................................................................................................. 3
8.2.2 Low-Frequency Wet Flashover Test................................................................................................................. 3
8.2.3 Critical Impulse Flashover Tests -Positive and Negative ............................................................................. 3
8.2.4 Radio-Influence Voltage Test ............................................................................................................................ 3
8.2.5 Thermal-Mechanical Load Cycle Test ............................................................................................................. 3
8.2.6 Thermal Shock Test ............................................................................................................................................ 4
8.2.7 Residual-Strength Test ...................................................................................................................................... 4
8.2.8 Impact Test ……………………………………………………………………………………………………...4
8.2.9 Cement Expansion.............................................................................................................................................. 4
8.2.10 Design Modification............................................................................................................................................. 4
8.3 Quality Conformance Tests ............................................................................................................................... 4
8.3.1 Visual and Dimensional Tests ......................................................................................................................... 5
8.3.2 Porosity Test………………………………………………………………………………………………….…...5
8.3.3 Galvanizing Test …………………………………………………………………………………………….….5
8.3.4 Combined Mechanical and Electrical-Strength Test ………………………………………..………...5
8.3.5 Puncture Test …………………………………………………………………………………………………….6
8.4 Routine Tests ………………………………………………………………………………….……………...6
8.4.1 Cold-to-Hot Thermal Shock Test ...................................................................................................................... 6
8.4.2 Hot-to-Cold Thermal Shock Test ...................................................................................................................... 6
8.4.3 Tension Proof Test .............................................................................................................................................. 6
8.4.4 Flashover Tes t ………………………………………………………………………………………………..….6

TABLES
1 Metric Equivalents .............................................................................................................................................. 2
2 Dimensions and Characteristics of Distribution Insulators..................................................................... 7

FIGURES
1 Insulator Classes 52-1, 52-2, 52-9-A and 52-9-B ........................................................................................ 8
2 Schematic Representation of Thermal-Mechanical Performance Test............................................... 9
3 Impact Testing Machine.................................................................................................................................. 10

APPENDIX A…………………........................................................................................................................................... 11

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AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARD ANSI/NEMA C29.2A-2013

for Insulators Wet Process Porcelain and Toughened Glass—Distribution
Suspension Type

1 SCOPE

This standard covers distribution suspension-type insulators, 4-1/4 inches (108 millimeters) to 8 inches
(203 millimeters) in diameter, made of wet-process porcelain or of toughened glass and used in the
distribution of electrical energy.

2 NORMATIVE REFERENCES

This standard is intended to be used in conjunction with the following American National Standards. When
the referenced standards are superseded by a revision approved by the American National Standards
Institute Inc., the revision shall apply.

ANSI C29.1-1988 (R2012) Test Methods of Electrical Power Insulators

ANSI/IEEE/ASTM SI 10-2010 American National Standard for Metric Practice

ASTM A153/A153M-09 Specification for Zinc Coating (Hot-Dip) on Iron and Steel Hardware

ASTM C151/C151M-11 Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of Hydraulic Cement

3 DEFINITIONS

See Section 2 of ANSI C29.1-1988 (R2012) for definitions of terms.

4 GENERAL

4.1 Insulators shall conform in all respects to the requirements of this standard. The text and figures
supplement each other and shall be considered part of this standard.

4.2 Manufacturer’s drawings, if furnished, shall show the outline of the insulators, together with all
pertinent dimensions. Any variations in these dimensions due to manufacturing tolerances s hall be
indicated.

4.3 A lot shall consist of a group of insulators of the same design and manufactured under similar
conditions of production. A lot shall not exceed 10,000 insulators.

4.4 When specified in the clauses below, the following re -test procedure applies:
If only one insulator or metal part fails, or in case the average value fails to comply with the applicable test, a
new sample equal to twice the quantity originally submitted to that test shall be subjected to re -testing. If
two or more ins ulators or metal parts fail to comply, or if any failure occurs during the retesting, the
complete lot is considered as not complying with the requirements of this standard.

5 MATERIAL

5.1 Insulator Shells

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The insulator shells shall be made of wet-process porcelain or toughened glass. Shells shall be sound
and free from defects that might adversely affect the insulators.

5.2 Shell Surface

The surface of the shells exposed after the assembly shall be glazed for porcelain insulators.

Note: The most commonly requested color for porcelain is gray. If gray is required, it shall be in accordance with ANSI
Z55.1, and shall conform to Munsell notation 5BG 7.0/0.4 with the following tolerances:
a) Hue: ±12 (3G to 7B)
b) Value: ±0.5
c) Chroma: -0.2 to +0.6

Other colors are available and can be negotiated between purchaser and supplier.

5.3 Metal Parts

Metals parts, except for cotter keys, shall be made of a good commercial grade of malleable iron, ductile
iron or steel. Ferrous parts, other than stainless steel, shall be galvanized in accordance with
ASTM A153-82.

5.4 Cotter Keys

5.4.1 Material

Cotter keys shall be made from cold-drawn wire of any of the following materials: bronze, brass, aluminum
or austenitic stainless steel.

5.4.2 Clevis Insulators

Clevis insulators shall be furnished with a hump-type cotter key, which shall prevent the cotter bolt from
1&2
unintentionally being pulled out of the insulator cap during normal handling and use.

6 DIMENSIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS

6.1 All dimensions and other numerical values are given in customary English units. Except as
otherwise stated, metric equivalents shall be as shown in Table 1.

Table 1 –
Metric equivalents 3
Inches Millimeters Inches Millimeters
1/64 0.4 1 25.4
1/32 0.8 4-1/2 114.5
1/16 1.6 5-1/4 133.5
1/8 3.2 5-1/2 139.5
1/2 12.7 5-3/4 146.0
17/32 13.5 6-1/8 155.5
9/16 14.3 6-1/4 159.0
5/8 15.9 6-1/2 165.0
11/16 17.5 7 178.0
3/4 19.1 8 203.0
13/16 20.6 10-3/4 273.0
7/8 22.2 11-3/4 298.0
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15/16 23.8 12-1/4 311.0

1
Care should be exercised during installation and use of insulator strings to prevent damage to cotter keys.
2
Interchangeability of cotter keys and cotter bolts between manufacturers is not considered, since the insulator is normally
supplied complete with these parts installed.
3
These metric equivalents are not applicable to the dimensions in Figure 3, the impact testing machine.

6.2 Dimensions and characteristics of the insulators shall be in accordance with Figure 1 and Table 2.

7 MARKING

Each insulator unit shall bear symbols identifying the manufacturer and giving the year of manufacture and
the tension-proof test load in pounds, identified by the word “TEST.” The markings shall be legible and
durable.

8 SAMPLING, INSPECTION, AND TESTS

8.1 General

Tests described in 8.2 shall be required only on insulators of new design. Tests described in 8.3 shall be
required on each lot of insulators. Tests described in 8.4 shall be made on each insulator.

8.2 Design Tests

8.2.1 Low-Frequency Dry Flashover Test

Three insulators shall be tested in accordance with 4.2 of ANSI C29.1. Failure of the average dry flashover
value of these three insulators to equal or exceed 95 percent of the rated dry flash over value, as given in
Table 2 shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of this standard.

8.2.2 Low-Frequency Wet Flashover Test

Three insulators shall be tested in accordance with 4.3 of ANSI C29.1 except that for distribution insulators
normally used in a horizontal position, the mounting arrangement may be similar to service orientation.
Failure of the average wet flashover value of these three insulators to equal or exceed 90 percent of the
rated wet flashover value, as given in Table 2 shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of this
standard.

8.2.3 Critical Impulse Flashover Tests-Positive and Negative

Three insulators shall be subjected to a critical impulse flashover test, positive and three to the critical
impulse flashover test, negative, in accordance with 4.7 of ANSI C29.1. Failure of th e average critical
impulse flashover value of these three insulators to equal or exceed 92 percent of the rated c ritical impulse
flashover value as given in Table 2 shall constitute failure to meet the requirements of this standard .

8.2.4 Radio-Influence Voltage Test

Three insulators shall be tested in accordance with 4.9 of ANSI C29.1. All insulators must meet the
requirements as given in Table 2 in this standard.

8.2.5 Thermal-Mechanical Load Cycle Test

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Ten assembled insulators shall be subjected to the thermal-mechanical load cycle test. The insulators,
which may be connected in series or parallel provided each is equally loaded, shall be subjected to four 24
hour cycles of ambient air cooling and heating with a simultaneously applied minimum tensi le load
maintained at 60 percent of the rated combined mechanical and electrical strength of the insulators as
described in Figure 2. Each 24 hour cycle shall start with a cooling period during which a low temperature
of –22°F (-30°C) shall be maintained for at least a four hour period. A heating period will follow the cooling
period. During the heating period a high temperature of 104°F (40°C) shall be maintained for at least a four
hour period.

During the four hour extreme temperature periods, the amb ient air temperature shall be maintained at the
specified extreme temperature within 9°F (5°C). The rate of temperature change is not specified. The
tensile load shall be applied at room temperature before starting the first thermal cycle. The tensile l oad
shall be completely removed and reapplied after the first, second and third 24 hour thermal cycle. After the
fourth thermal cycle, upon cooling to room temperature, the tensile load shall be removed. The ten
insulators shall then be subjected to a Combined Mechanical and Electrical test in accordance with 5.2 of
ANSI C29.1. The criteria for determining conformance with the standard are as given in 8.3.4 with the
exception that no re-test procedure is applicable in this case.

8.2.6 Thermal Shock Test

Five insulators shall be tested for ten complete cycles in accordance with 5.5 of ANSI C29.1. The
temperature of the hot water bath shall be approximately 205°F (96°C), and the temperature of the cold
water bath shall be approximately 39°F (4°C). Failure of any insulator shall constitute failure to meet the
requirements of this standard.

8.2.7 Residual-Strength Test

Twenty-five insulators shall have the shells broken off. No portion of the shell shall remain outside the
maximum diameter of the cap. Each unit shall then be subjected to a mechanical-strength test in
accordance with 5.1 of ANSI C29.1. The criteria for determining conformance to this standard are:

X R  (1.2  proof load )  1.645S R

Where:

XR = average residual strength of 25 units

S R = standard deviation of residual strength of the 25 units tested.
proof load = tension proof load per table 2, and ANSI C29.1 section 7.2.1.

8.2.8 Impact Test

Three insulators shall be tested in accordance with 5.1.2.2 of ANSI C29.1. The test specimen shall be
mounted in the test machine shown in Figure 3. All insulators must meet the requirements given in Table 2
of this standard.

8.2.9 Cement Expansion

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If Portland cement is used in the assembly of the insulators, i t shall have an autoclave expansion limit of
less than 0.12 percent when tested in accordance with ASTM C151, Test Method for Autoclave Expansion of
Portland Cement.

8.2.10 Design Modification

Design tests in section 8.2 shall be performed when significant modifications are made to the design of the
insulator, such as changes in dimensions or materials. When the change affects only specific
characteristics of the insulator, only the design tests relevant to those characteristics need to be repeated.
4
8.3 Quality Conformance Tests
4
Substantial test experience indicates that a total of ½ of 1% of the number of insulator in the lot is sufficient to establish
characteristics demonstrable by destructive tests. For additional information, reference may be m ade to the ASTM Manual
of Presentation of Data and Control Chart Analysis, 6 th Edition 1990 (ASTM Manual Series; MNL7), and further references
stated therein. This manual also contains additional information on methods of computation such as those given i n 8.3.4.

8.3.1 Visual and Dimensional Tests

Conformity with 5.2 of this standard may be determined by visual inspection. All insulators not conforming
to 5.2 fail to meet the requirements of this standard.

Three insulators shall be selected at random from the lot and their dimensions checked against the
dimensions on the manufacturer’s drawing. Failure of more than one of these insulators to conform, within
manufacturing tolerances, to the dimensions on this drawing shall constitute failure of the lot to meet the
requirements of this standard.

8.3.2 Porosity Test

Specimens shall be selected from porcelain insulators destroyed in other tests and tested in accordance
with 5.4 of ANSI C29.1. Penetration of the dye into the body of the dielectric shall c onstitute failure of the lot
to meet the requirements of this standard.

8.3.3 Galvanizing Test

Five pieces representative of each type of galvanized hardware used with the insulators shall be selected at
random and tested in accordance with Section 6 of ANSI C29.1. Five to ten measurements shall be
randomly distributed over the entire surface. Both the average thickness value for each individual specimen
and the average of the entire sample shall equal or exceed the following:

Average of Entire Sample Average of Individual Specimen

Hardware (except nuts/bolts) 3.4 mil 3.1 mil
Nuts/bolts 2.1 mil 1.7 mil

If the average of one specimen, or if the average of the entire sample, fails to comply with the table above,
then the re-test procedure in section 4.4 shall be applied.

8.3.4 Combined Mechanical and Electrical-Strength Test

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Ten assembled insulators shall be selected at random from the lot and tested in accordance with 5.2 of
ANSI C29.1. The criteria for determining conformance with the standa rd are as follows:

X  XL

S  1.72S

Where:
X is the average value obtained on the sample of the ten insulators tested
XL is the lower control limit for the average of the ten insulators tested
X L is the rating + 1.2 S
S is the standard deviation for the ten insulators tested
S is the average standard deviation (the historical average of S for a serie s of samples
determined over an extended period of time by quality conformance tests)

The re-test procedure in section 4.4 is applicable to this test.

8.3.5 Puncture Test

Five assembled insulators shall be selected at random and tested in accordance w ith 4.11 of ANSI C29.1.
The criterion for determining conformance to this standard is:

No puncture shall occur below the specified puncture voltage.

To provide information the test voltage may be raised until puncture occurs, and the puncture voltage
recorded.

The re-test procedure in section 4.4 is applicable to this test.

8.4 Routine tests

8.4.1 Cold-to-Hot Thermal Shock Test

Each toughened glass shell shall be submitted to a thermal shock, bringing it from ambient temperature to
a temperature at least 540°F (300°C) higher, and shall be maintained at the higher temperature for at least
1 minute. All toughened glass shells that fracture do not meet the requirements of this standard.

8.4.2 Hot-to-Cold Thermal Shock Test

Each toughened glass shell s hall be quickly and completely immersed in water at a temperature not
exceeding 122°F (50°C), the shell having been heated by hot air or other suitable means to a uniform
temperature of at least 180°F (100°C) higher than that of the water. All toughened glass shells that fracture
do not meet the requirements of this standard.

8.4.3 Tension Proof Test

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Each assembled insulator shall be subjected to a tension proof test in accordance with 7.2.1 of ANSI
C29.1. The load applied shall be that shown in Tabl e 2. All insulators that fail do not meet the
requirements of this standard.

8.4.4 Flashover Test

Each porcelain insulator shall be subjected to a routine flashover test in accordance with 7.1 of ANSI C29.1.
All insulators that puncture fail to meet the requirements of this standard.

Table 2–Dimensions and Characteristics of Distribution Insulators

(ANSI classes 52-1, 52-2, 52-9-A, 52-9-B)
Dimensional data See ANSI ANSI Class ANSI Class ANSI Class ANSI Class
C29.1 52-1 52-2 52-9-A 52-9-B
Section (See figure 1) (See figure 1) (See figure 1) (See figure 1)
Connecting hardware --- Clevis Clevis Clevis Clevis
coupling
Leakage distance, 2.5.2 7 (178) 8-1/4 (210) 6-3/4 (171) 6-3/4 (171)
inches (mm)
Unit spacing --- 5-1/2 5-3/4 6-1/4 6-1/4
dimension “A”, inches
Shell diameter --- 6-1/2 8 4-1/2 5-1/4
dimension “B”, inches
Clevis cap dimension --- 11/16 11/16 11/16 11/16
“C”, inches
Clevis cap dimension --- 11/16 11/16 11/16 11/16
“D”, inches
Clevis cap dimension --- 11/16 11/16 11/16 11/16
“E”, inches
Eyebolt dimension “G”, --- 1/2 17/32 1/2 1/2
inches
Eyebolt dimension “H”, --- 7/8 11/16 7/8 7/8
inches
Cotter bolt dimension --- 5/8 5/8 5/8 5/8
“J”, inches
Mechanical Data
Combined mechanical 5.2 10,000 (44) 15,000 (67) 10,000 (44) 10,000 (44)
& electrical strength,
pounds (kN)
Mechanical impact 5.1.2.2 45 (5.0) 45 (5.0) 45 (5.0) 45 (5.0)
strength, inch-pounds
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(N-m)
Tension proof, pounds 7.2.1 5,000 (22) 7,500 (33.5) 5,000 (22) 5,000 (22)
(kN)
Electrical Data
Low-frequency dry 4.2 60 65 60 60
flashover, kilovolts
Low-frequency wet 4.3 30 35 30 30
flashover, kilovolts
Critical impulse 4.7 100 115 100 100
flashover, positive,
kilovolts
Critical impulse 4.7 100 115 90 90
flashover, negative,
kilovolts
Low-frequency 4.11 80 90 80 80
puncture, kilovolts
Radio-influence
Voltage Data
Critical impulse 4.9 7.5 7.5 7.5 7.5
flashover, negative,
kilovolts
Low-frequency 4.9 50 50 50 50
puncture, kilovolts

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ALLOWABLE VARIATIONS: The lowercase letters appearing on the figure above stand for the following
tolerances. A single letter indicates a plus or minus tolerance; for example, a = ±1/64 in. When two letters
are used, the first is a plus tolerance, and the second a minus; for example, ax = 1/64 in., -0.

a = 1/64 in. c = 1/16 in.

b = 1/32 in. d = 1/8 in.
x= 0

Note 1: For specific diameter and tolerance, see manufacturer’s drawings.

Note 2: All dimensions are in inches; for metric equivalents, see table 1.
Note 3: Tolerances apply after galvanizing, where applicable.

Figure 1 – Insulator Classes 52-1, 52-2, 52-9-A and 52-9-B

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Figure 2 – Schematic Representation of Thermal-Mechanical Performance Test

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Figure 3 – Impact Testing Machine

Note 1: The tip of the bob that strikes the insulator is a soft copper button with dimensions of ½ inch diameter and ¼ inch
thick with a ¼“- 20 UNC threaded stud for attachment to the body of the steel bob.
Note 2: Correct positioning of insulator for test: When the pendulum is hanging free, the point of contact b etween the soft
copper nose and insulator shall fall on the centerline passing through the nose of the bob.
Note 3: Mounting the insulator: The eye bolt A is adjusted by nuts 1 and 2 to bring the lower edge of the rim of the unit to
be tested to within approximately 1/16 inch of the freely hanging pendulum nose. Nuts 1 and 2 are also adjusted to place
cap B approximately ¼ inch away from the side of frame C. The insulator is then inserted and tightened with nut D so that
cap B is drawn firmly against fram e C. The insulator is then under a load of 2,000 pounds and is in the proper position, and
the effect of the spring is eliminated. The pendulum and scale are moved up or down to obtain the correct position.
Note 4: Determining effective weight of pendulu m: Raise the pendulum until the indicator is opposite the 90 -inch-pound
mark. With the pendulum in this position, place the copper nose of the bob on scales and add lead until the scale reads
2.57 pounds.
Note 5: Impact testing: For impact testing of class 52-9 insulators, invert the steel bob from the position shown in figure and
shorten the steel tube to maintain the 35 -inch pendulum length.
Note 6: Spring specification: The spring is made of ½-inch-diameter steel wire, so treated and constructed that a force of
2,000 pounds will compress the spring 0.25 inch in overall length.
Note 7: All dimensions are in inches unless otherwise indicated. For determination of equivalent metric dimensions, see
ANSI/IEEE 268.
1. Tube to be welded at axle and pinned at bob .
2. 3/8-inch bolts unless noted.
3. All members made of steel, painted unless otherwise noted.

© 2013 by National Electrical Manufacturers Association

 C29.2A-2013
Page 12

APPENDIX A

(This Appendix is not part of American National Standard C29.2A-2013

but is included for information only.)

Packaging

Packaging of insulator should be such as to afford reasonable and proper protection to the insulators in
shipping and handling.

Each box or container should be marked with the number of insulators contained therein, the catalog
number, class number, or a description of the contents, and the manufacturer’s name.

© 2013 National Electrical Manufacturers Association