A Report Writing On Mammals Found in Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve 2075

A report writing on mammals found
in Koshi Tappu Wildlife reserve

2075
Submitted by:
Bibek Kattel
B.Sc. second year
Exam Roll No: 500030043
Submitted to:
Mahendra Morang Adarsha Multiple campus
Department of Zoology. Biratnagar,Nepal
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
This project work has been prepared for the partial fulfillments of
the requirements for the degree of bachelor for the successful
completion of the report work. I own a great thanks to many great
person whose valuable support and suggestion help to complete the
work in the present shape.
I would like to express my heartfull gratitude to my report

supervisor Anju mam , Mahendra Morang Adarsha Multiple Campus,
Biratnagar for her guidance of this report, in spite of her busy
schedule. Without her supervision this report would not have been
completed.
Also special thanks to Department of Zoology , Mahendra

Morang Adarsha multiple campus, Biratnagar whose initial
instruction and guidelines helped me to write this report.
My special thanks to Mr. Sujeet kumar Yadav, Dr. Shiv

Narayan Yadav and all the other professor who contributed in
collecting the materials related to mammals. My special thanks to
chief member of library and all the staffs who helped me to find out
the right information needed for the report.
Finally my special thanks goes to all my friends who

helped me a lot for the completion of this report.
M.M.A.M Campus
Biratnagar, Nepal
INTRODUCTION
Much remains to be learned about the distribution and
ecology of mammals in many Asian countries. Nepal’s
location at the intersection of the Pale arctic and Oriental
biogeographical realms. Plus varied tropgraphy that
generates a wide variety of habitat yields a rich diversity of
mammals with many special reported including endemic
species. There are different species of mammals residing in
koshi tappu wildlife reserve. Koshi Tappu wildlife reserve has
been the main tourist attraction in State 1 of Nepal.
DISCUSSION
The 31 species of mammals are recorded in Koshi Tappu
Wildlife Reserve. These include Asian elephant, spotted deer,
hog deer, wild boar, smooth-coated otter and golden jackal.
The Ganges river dolphin has been sighted in the Koshi River.
Gaur and blue bull have declined in numbers. Nepal’s last
remaining population of about 150 wild water buffalo inhibit
the area. This population has now grown to a total of 432
individuals with an annual growth rate of 7.27 percent,
according to the latest census 2016. With this upsurge in the
population, authorities are planning a possible transfer of
some wild water buffaloes to the food plains of Chitwan
National Park where they have been extirpated around
1950’s. If the purposed translocation happens, this will
present a natural Predator-Prey scenario since wild water
buffaloes in koshi tappu has been lacking their natural
predators in the form of tiger, lion and leopard for quite a
long. The Habitat, Feeding habit and Reproduction of some of
these animals are discussed below in the report.
Elephas maximus
Asian elephant
Order- Proboscidea
Family-Elephantidea
Genus-Elephas
Species-Maximus
Fig-Elephas Maximus
Habitat:
Asian elephant inhibit grasslands, tropical evergreen forests, dry
deciduous forests and dry thorn forests, in addition to cultivated and
secondary forest and scrublands. Over this range of habitat types
elephant occurs from sea level to 3000m.
Feeding habit:
Elephants consumes several hundred pounds of vegetation daily. 16-
18 hours, or nearly 80% of an Elephant’s day is spent feeding. Asian
elephant consumes grasses, small plants, bushes, fruit, twigs, tree
bark and roots.
Reproduction:
The male’s reproductive tract is about 2m long. Male elephants
called bulls produces sperm at the age of 10 to 15 years of age but
only the larger and older males get access to the females.
Female elephant gives birth to a single calf (although

twins has been recorded) at approximately 4-5 years interval and
have been documented with up to 12 offspring per lifetime, though
this number is rare.
Axis axis
Spotted deer (chital)
Order-Artiodactyla
Family-Cervinae
Genus-Axis
Species-axis
Habitat:
Spotted deer prefer dense deciduous forests, semi-evergreen forests
and open grassland. They also prefer heavy forest covered from
shade.
Feeding habit:
Spotted deer are herbivorous. They mainly feed on plant matter.
Grass makes up a large portion of the diet. They also feed on
herbaceous plants, fallen fruits and browse on twigs and leaves.
Reproduction:
Spotted deer reach sexual maturity at 14-17 months of age. Mating
can occur all year round but ranges with distribution. Breeding
season tends to peak between April-May. The gestation period of
these animals is 7-8 months, to where 1 fawn is born.
Bubalus arnee
Wild water buffalo
Order-Artiodactyla
Family-Bovidae
Sub family-Bovinae
Genus-Bubalus
Species-arnee
Habitat:
Wild water buffalo live in tropical and sub tropical forest. These are
endangered species occurring in Nepal, Bhutan, Thailand and
Cambodia. There are total of 432 wild water buffalo in koshi tappu.
Feeding habit:
Wild water buffalo are both diurnal and nocturnal. Adult females and
their young calves form a stable clans of as many as 30. They are
probably grazers by preference, feeding mainly on graminoids when
available, such as Bermuda grass, and cyperus sedges, but they also
eat other herbs, fruits, and bark, as well as browsing on trees and
shrubs. They also feed on crops including rice, sugarcane and jute.
Reproduction:
The rainy season is when mating will occur for the water buffalo as
there is more food. The males will come around the herds of the
mature females and leave the herd after mating. The young females
spends their entire life with their herd.
Sus scrofa
Wild boar
Order-Artiodactyla
Class-Artiofabula
Family-Suidae
Genus-Sus
Species-scrofa
Habitat:
Wild boars are found in variety of different habitats including tropical
jungles and grassland but they tend to favour deciduous broad leafed
forests where vegetation is incredibly dense. Wild boar are nocturnal
animals that only come out at night of forage for food.
Feeding habit:
The wild boar is an omnivorous animal that primarily feeds on plants.
Plant matter comprises of around 90% of the wild boar’s diet as they
feed on young leaves, berries, grasses, and fruits and unearth roots
and bulbs from the ground with their hard snouts.
Reproduction:
Wild boars are characterized by high reproductive potential, with a
young age puberty, large litters and frequent breeding. Female can
reach sexual matuarity as early as 1 year old. Fully grown male are
usually solitary outside the breeding season. They breed year round,
births peaks in spring and fall. Gestation is 144 days. A wild boar
gives birth to anywhere from 1 to a dozen offspring.

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A report writing on mammals found

in Koshi Tappu Wildlife reserve

I would like to express my heartfull gratitude to my report

Also special thanks to Department of Zoology , Mahendra

My special thanks to Mr. Sujeet kumar Yadav, Dr. Shiv

Finally my special thanks goes to all my friends who

Female elephant gives birth to a single calf (although

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