Factors that Affect the Academic Performance of Grade 7 Recepients

of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4p’s) in Laoac National High

CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

RELATED LITERATURE

This chapter presents the related literature and studies regarding the legal basis of the

implementation of the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program(4ps). This will also present the impact of 4ps

on the performance and school attendance of the students who are beneficiaries of this program. The 4ps

refer to the National Poverty Education strategy that provides Conditional Cash Transfer(CCT) to

extremely poor households. One of the targets of Conditional Cash Transfer(CCT) program is to decrease

the drop-out rate among the pooret high school.

The program has a strict compliance when it comes to school attendance of the student

beneficiaries, they expected to attend school regularly or at least 85% of the school days. As cited by

Reyes and Tabunga (2012), in the long run, the 4ps' goal improves in human capital. It is seen to have a

great potential in increasing educational attainment and improving the health of people based on other

countries who have implemented Conditional Cash Transfer (CCT).

This program in other countries have been successful in achieving higher enrolment rates.

And this also produces students who are also have a good academic performance. Montilla et.al(2015), it

was revealed that pupils very satisfactorily benefit from the assistance given by the 4Ps in terms of Health

and excellent in terms of Nutrition and Education. Thus, 4Ps has significant impact on pupils’ education

based on its beneficiary conditionalities, is able and motivated to attend classes because of adequate

school supplies, satisfied meals, parasitic free stomach and supportive and active parents. Brian O dela

Torre(2016), the study revealed that 4Ps contributed greatly to the school’s performance indicators.
 This study also raised the awareness of the school personnel and the recipients of the

program’s strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats. Furthermore, the study concludes that 4Ps

certainly helped its recipients and the school with 4Ps enrolees. It is therefore recommended that the

program be continued but improved to ensure the attainment of its objectives.

RELATED STUDIES

FOREIGN STUDIES

The students academic performance place a vital role in producing the best quality graduates who

will become a great leader and man power for the country who is going to be the responsible for the

country's economic and social development. Some of the researchers discussed that there are factors

that affect the students academic performance this are the internal and external factors includes there

class schedules, test result homeworks ,environment of the class, teachers role in the class technology

used in the class exam systems.External factors includes family problems financial , extra curricular

activities and social problems .Research studies shows that academic performance depends on many

factors such as burning facilities ,gender and age difference and other factors that can affect the students

A numbers of studies have been carried out to identify factors of poor academic performance in a

number of institution world wide.Most of the studies focus on three elements;Parents,Teachers and

students (Diaz,2003).The achievement of the students is correlated with the low socioeconomic status

level of parents because it hinders the individual in gaining access to source and resources of learning

(Duke ,2000;Eamon ,2005;Lopez ,1995) Nichollos (1989)stated that students who can differentiate ability

and effort tend to believe that effort associated with large ability leads to success.

LOCAL STUDIES

The Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program or 4ps is the Philippine version of the Conditional

Cash Transfer.

Based on the records, the Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipio Program has been implemented to all

regions in the Philippines comprise of 79 provinces, 143 cities, and 1,484 municipalities. As of
2015, there are 4,353,597 active households beneficiaries. Of which, 570,056 are what we

called Indigenous People’ households while the 217,359 have at least one members who is

considered as a Person with Disability.

Based on the findngs of the study of academic performance among selected pupils at Inopacan

District Leyte SY 2013-2014, the drop out rate among the poorest elementary and highschool

had decreased. There is an increase of enrolment every school year according to the

Department of Education.
 CHAPTER III

METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH DESIGN

This study is quantitative research method, where in the researchers utilized the survey with the

use of rating scale and questionnaire. The said rating scale and questionnaire helped the researchers to

figure out the response of the students. The researchers give questionnaire to Grade-7 4ps-recipients by

section. The answer of the students have to be joined together to come up with a very dominant answer.

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT

This study used the Purposive Sampling Technique in which researcher relies on his/her own judgement

when choosing members all population to participate in the study.

Out of 7 sections in Grade-7 4p’s students must answer the questionnaire. The method used in

data gathering included a detailed words to be more comprehensible.The researchers found this method

useful and effective.

SUBJECT OF STUDY AND SAMPLING SCHEME

The researchers will use purposive sampling. In this type of sampling, the researchers

will determine the number of the respondents. Based on the record, there is a total of 128 Grade

7 4P’s recipients during school year 2019-2020 at Laoac National High School but the

researchers will include 97 students as the respondents as computed using the Slovin’s formula

observed below.
DATA GATHERING INSTRUMENT

The researchers used the questionnaire checklist specifically made for the study based

on the construced questionnaire. The first part is the Student’s Profile. The second part contains

a test given to the respondets with the following scale to determine the factors that affects the

academis performance of the respondents through the questionnaire checklist was subjected for

evaluation refinement by the researchers consultant in Laoac National High School. The

Questionnaire Checklist for the Factors Affecting the Academic Performance of the Grade 7

Recepients of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P’s) in Laoac National High School which

determine the factors affecting the academic performance of the respondents has the following

scale for the respondent’s response:

Range Verbal Interpretations

5 Strongly Agree

4 Agree

3 Moderately Agree

2 Disagree

1 Strongly Disagree

DATA GATHERING AND PROCEDURE

Upon validation of the questionnaire, the researcher went to the data gathering. Before

the researcher distributed the checklist to the students, we asked permission to administer a

questionnaire checklist on Factors that affects the Academic Performance of Grade 7 recipients
of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4P's) in Laoac National High School. Distributions of

checklist were done by the researcher.

Along with the questionnaire is a letter attached to inform the respondents regarding his

intentions and purpose of the research. After the respondents answered the questionnaire

checklist, the data obtain through checklist were consolidated, tabulated, analyzed and

interpreted using suitable statistical measures.

STATISTICAL TREATMENT OF DATA

The profile of the respondents was determined through frequency counts and percentage

wherein the following formula was used:

n
×100= %
N

Wherein: n = number of respondents of a certain profile;

N = total number of respondents

To determine the factors that Affect the Academic Performance of Grade 7 Recepients

of Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4ps)respondents, average weighted mean was used

with the formula:

5(f 5)4 (f 4)+ 3(f 3)+2(f 2)+1(f 1)

Wherein: N = total number of respondents

f(5) = total score on Strongly Agree

f(4) = total score on Agree

f(3) = total score of Moderately Agree

f(1)= total score on Strongly Disagree

The weighted mean values are interpreted using the following scales:

4;21-5;00= Strongly Agree

3:41-4:20 =Agree

2:61-3:40 = Moderately

1:81-2:60 = Disagree

1:00-1:80 = Strongly Disagree