Midterm, Questions and Answers Midterm, Questions and Answers

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Midterm, questions and answers
Principle of Marketing (The American University in Cairo)
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CHAPTER 1
MARKETING IN A CHANGING WORLD:
CREATING CUSTOMER VALUE AND SATISFACTION
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

1. Today’s successful companies at all levels have one thing in common. The common
theme can best be described as one where the companies are:
a. oriented around public service.
b. strongly customer focused and heavily committed to marketing.
c. moving toward globalization and socialization.
d. more interested in governmental regulation and control than ever before.
Answer: (b) Difficulty: (1) Page: 4
2. According to Bernie Marcus, cofounder of Home Depot, the Holy Grail of business
is:
a. the bottom line.
b. promotion, promotion, and more promotion.
c. an almost blind, passionate commitment to taking care of customers.
d. meet every competitive threat with strength, commitment, and the courage to win.
Answer: (c) Difficulty: (2) Page: 4
3. Creating __________________ is at the very heart of modern marketing thinking

and practice.
a. profit maximization
b. increased stock value
c. award winning products
d. customer value and satisfaction
Answer: (d) Difficulty: (2) Page: 4
4. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior

value and:
a. win advertising and industry awards for excellence.
b. to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction.
c. enhance shareholder value.
d. pay as few taxes as possible.
5.Wal-Mart has become the world’s largest retailer by delivering on its promise,
“Always low prices—always.” This would be an example of the marketing
philosophy that says:
a. “Take care of your customers, and market share and profits will follow.”
b. “Buy cheap, sell cheap.”
c. “Always take discounts and pass some of them on to consumers.”
d. “Distribution is the secret to all conquests in marketing.”
Answer: (a) Difficulty: (2) Page: 4

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6. Today, marketing must be understood in a new sense that can be characterized as:
a. “telling and selling.”
b. “management of youth demand.”
c. “get there first with the most.”
d. “satisfying customer needs.”
7. _________________ is a social and managerial process by which individuals and

groups obtain what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and
value with others.
a. Management
b. Marketing
c. Econometrics
d. Demand
8. The most basic concept underlying marketing is that of:

a. products and services.
b. human needs.
c. barter.
d. transactions.
9. ____________ are states of felt deprivation.

a. Demands
b. Wants
c. Needs
d. Core transactions
10. Basic needs, such as those for food, clothing, and safety, refer to:
a. physical needs.
b. social needs.
c. individual needs.
d. physical wants.
11. __________ are shaped by one’s society and are described in terms of objects.
a. Needs
b. Wants
c. Demands
d. Transactions

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12. When backed by buying power, wants become:

a. needs.
b. relationships.
c. object relationships.
d. demands.
13. In outstanding companies, people at all levels, including top management,:

a. work more than eight hours a day.
b. are constantly inventing new products.
c. are addicted to time management.
d. stay close to customers.
14. Anything that can be offered to a market for attention, acquisition, use, or
consumption that might satisfy a want or need is called a:
a. demand.
b. basic staple.
c. product.
d. service.
15.
A _______________ is any activity or benefit offered for sale that is essentially
intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything.

a. demand
b. basic staple
c. product
d. service
16. If a company is guilty of “marketing myopia,” then it is:

a. in danger of having dangerous cost overruns because it is trying to please too many
diverse customer groups.
b. so taken with its products that it focuses only on existing wants and loses sight
of underlying consumer needs.
c. guilty of prejudice toward certain customer groups.
d. falling into the trap of “copying” rather than “inventing” products.
17. The difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a
product and the costs of obtaining the product is called ______________.
a. customer quality

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b. customer satisfaction
c. customer value
d. perceptual relationships
18. Customers often do not judge product values and costs accurately or objectively.
Instead, they act on ___________________.
a. customer satisfaction
b. customer quality
c. needs
d. perceived value
19. _________________ depend(s) on a product’s perceived performance in delivering

value relative to a buyer’s expectations.
a. Customer satisfaction
b. Customer quality
c. Customer value
d. Customer needs
20. With respect to customer satisfaction, smart companies aim to:

a. give the customer anything and everything they want.
b. make customers addicted to their products and services.
c. delight customers by promising only what they can deliver, then delivering more
than they promise.
d. always save the customers money, time, and other resources.
21. An approach in which all the company’s people are involved in constantly improving
the quality of products, services, and business processes is called:
a. Cigna 1000.
b. total quality management.
c. total relationship opportunity.
d. exchange management.
22. Marketing occurs when people decide to satisfy needs and wants through ________.
a. selling
b. exchange
c. transaction
d. relationships
23. A(n) ______________ consists of a trade of values between parties.

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a. sale
b. exchange
c. transaction
d. market
24. Trading your old calculator for tickets to a Garth Brooks concert would be what kind
of transaction?
a. monetary transaction
b. barter transaction
c. market transaction
d. customer transaction
25. Transaction marketing is part of the larger idea of _________________.

a. customer returns and allowances
b. trade discounts
c. relationship marketing
d. promotional stimulation marketing
26. A _______________ consists of the company and all its supporting stakeholders.
a. demand channel
b. marketing network
c. communication triad
d. product flow process
27. As CEOs and other managers have reviewed business functions, they have found
that, ultimately, ___________ is the art of attracting, keeping, and growing
profitable customers.
a. marketing
b. finance
c. electronic commerce
d. demand management
28. In a contemporary sense, a market is thought to be:

a. wherever a marketer sells products.
b. the people who may buy the product.
c. the set of actual and potential buyers of a product.
d. the square in the middle of the city where trade occurs.
29. The main actors in a modern marketing system would include all of the following
EXCEPT: (Select the LEAST LIKELY)

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a. suppliers.
b. marketing intermediaries.
c. the end user.
d. advertising agencies.
Answer: (d) Difficulty: (2) Page: 15, Figure 1-2
30. The analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs designed to create,
build, and maintain beneficial exchanges with target buyers for the purpose of
achieving organizational objectives is called ___________________.
a. relationship marketing
b. demand management
c. marketing
d. marketing management
31. If the Golden Gate Bridge becomes consistently overcrowded with an unsafe level of
traffic, the California Transit Authority in San Francisco might have to undertake a
_______________ campaign to reduce traffic levels during high demand periods of
the day or week.
a. public relations
b. regulation program
c. demarketing
d. sales
32. The aim of demarketing is to:

a. destroy demand.
b. increase demand.
c. initiate demand.
d. reduce or shift demand.
33. In the past, marketers followed a _______________ approach to gaining customers.

This meant that growing markets supplied endless new consumer candidates and the
company did not have to worry about older customers who might become dissatisfied
and leave the company’s marketing offerings.
a. “first in, first out”
b. “treadmill”
c. “funnel”
d. “leaky bucket”
34. Taco Bell has found that the lifetime value of a Taco Bell customer is about
$12,000. Study has shown that the key to customer retention is:
a. offer the lowest prices.

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b. constantly advertise.
c. offer superior customer value and satisfaction.
d. offer a variety of products.
35. Jim Koch, founder of Samuel Adams beer, was often seen talking to bartenders and
bar customers to encourage consumption of his brewery’s products. This would be
an illustration of which of the following marketing practice stages?
a. intrepreneurial marketing
b. entrepreneurial marketing
c. formulated marketing
d. demand-based marketing
36. John Botros feels the heat of competition on his new Internet-based home delivery
pizza business. Rather than just advertising, John is encouraging his managers to get
out of their offices and meet the public on their own ground. In fact, Botros makes it
a practice to give at least one public speech per week. This would be an illustration of
which of the following marketing practice stages?
a. intrepreneurial marketing
b. entrepreneurial marketing
c. formulated marketing
d. demand-based marketing
37. Over time, marketing management has offered five distinct concepts under which
organizations conduct their marketing activities. Which of the following
DOES NOT
belong on the correct list of these concepts?
a. econometric concept
b. production concept
c. product concept
d. marketing concept
38. The _______________ holds that consumers will favor products that are available
and highly affordable (therefore, management should work on improving production
and distribution efficiency).

a. product concept
c. production cost expansion concept
d. marketing concept
39. The _________________ holds that consumers will favor products that offer the

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most quality, performance, and innovative features. Thus, an organization should

devote energy to making continuous product improvements.
a. marketing concept
c. selling concept
d. product concept
40. If a manufacturer was following the product concept, their operating philosophy
would rely on which of the following phrases?
a. “Build a better mousetrap, and the world will beat a path to your door.”
b. “Location, location, location.”
c. “Watch your costs at all cost.”
d. “The consumer is king.”
41. Which philosophy of business is typically practiced when marketing unsought

goods?
a. the marketing concept
b. the product concept
c. the production concept
d. the selling concept
42. When faced with overcapacity, most firms practice _________________.

b. the product concept.
c. the production concept
d. the selling concept
43. _______________________ holds that achieving organizational goals depends on

determining the needs and wants of target markets and delivering the desired
satisfactions more effectively and efficiently than competitors do.
a. The marketing concept
b. The product concept
c. The selling concept
d. The societal marketing concept
44. All of the following organizational philosophy phrases are associated with the
marketing concept
EXCEPT
: (Pick the phrase that DOES NOT fit.)
a. “We make it happen for you.”

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b. “To fly, to serve.”

c. “If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it.”
d. “Let us exceed your expectations.”
45. The ________________ questions whether the pure marketing concept is adequate
in an age of environmental problems, resource shortages, rapid population growth,
worldwide economic problems, and neglected social services.
a. service concept
b. societal marketing concept
c. product concept
d. not-for-profit concept
46. In an example discussed in your text, Johnson & Johnson’s recall of their Tylenol
product following the discovery that several bottles of Tylenol had been laced with
cyanide is consistent with which business philosophy?
b. the product concept
c. the selling concept
d. the societal marketing concept
47. The major marketing developments as we enter the new millennium can be summed
up in a single theme:
a. innovation.
b. the Internet.
c. virtuality.
d. connectedness.
48. The major force behind the new connectedness in marketing is:
a. technology.
b. globalization.
c. social consciousness.
d. privatization.
49. _______________ is the vast and burgeoning global web of computer

networks which links computer users of all types around the world.
a. Micronet
b. The Internet
c. The Defense Department security
d. The telecommunication system

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50. The connecting technologies of the computer, information, communication, and

transportation connect three primary areas. Which of the following
WOULD NOT
be among those areas? (Select the one that DOES NOT fit.)
a. Connections with Customers
b. Connections with Government
c. Connections with Marketing Partners
d. Connections with the World Around Us
Answer: (b) Difficulty: (1) Page: 27, Figure 1-5
51. Under which of the following marketing connections would “connecting through
strategic alliances” most likely fall?
a. Connections with Customers
b. Connections with Government
c. Connections with Marketing Partners
d. Connections with the World Around Us
Answer: (c) Difficulty: (2) Page: 27, Figure 1-5
52. If the United States—and the world—has become a “salad bowl” of diverse ethnic,
cultural, social, and locational groups, then one could say that:
a. consumer groups have blended to the extent that a marketer can not tell one
consumer from another.
b. one-to-one marketing no longer works.
c. profitable customers are rapidly becoming a thing of the past.
d. because consumers are maintaining their diversity, they are forming themselves
into consumer communities.
53. With respect to connecting with customers, which of the following is most likely
the current trend?
a. A focus on finding new customers.
b. A focus on removing customers.
c. A focus on current customer retention.
d. A focus on “share of market.”
54. The best illustration of direct marketing listed below would be:
a. shoppers at Land’s End can build a “virtual model” with their own hair color and
use the model to aid in reviewing products for potential purchase.
b. Ford Motor Company now designs all models of their popular pickups in at
least 12 colors.
c. most banks now sell automobile insurance.
d. Wal-Mart has a policy of EDLP (everyday low pricing) as a strategic weapon.

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55. A ___________ for personal computers consists of suppliers of computer chips

and other components, the computer manufacturer, and the distributors, retailers,
and others who sell the computers to businesses and final customers.
a. mix network
b. supply chain
c. relationship channel
d. strategic alliance
56. Dell Computer recently ran advertisements telling how it partners with Microsoft
and Intel to provide customized e-business solutions. This would be an example of
which of the following?
a. mix network
b. supply management
c. relationship channel
d. strategic alliance
57. Which of the following phrases would best describe the current attitude about
connections with the world around us?
a. “Let the buyer beware.”
b. “America First.”
c. “Think Locally, Act Globally.”
d. “Outsource Everything.”
58. If a university or college posts antismoking and antidrinking materials at strategic

locations, takes out ads in the university or college newspaper, and enlists the aid
of campus groups to aid with these social problems, this would be an example of
which of the following?
a. a social marketing campaign
b. an ethical marketing campaign
c. a relationship marketing campaign
d. a sales promotional marketing campaign
59.
With respect to connections with customers, be sales and product centered, serve any customer,
and make standardized products would be examples of which form of hinking?
a. the new marketing thinking
b. the old marketing thinking
c. global marketing
d. relationship marketing thinking
Answer: (b) Difficulty: (2) Page: 36, Table 1-1

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60. Marketing locally and globally, conducting e-commerce in marketspaces, and assuming
social and environmental responsibility would be examples of which form of thinking?
a. the new marketing thinking
b. the old marketing thinking
c. global marketing
d. relationship marketing thinking
Answer: (a) Difficulty: (2) Page: 36, Table 1-1
TRUE/FALSE QUESTIONS
61. Selling is the delivery of customer satisfaction at a profit.

Answer: (False) Difficulty: (2) Page: 4
62. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior
value and to keep and grow current customers by delivering satisfaction.
Answer: (True) Difficulty: (2) Page: 4
63. Marketing is really only selling and advertising.

64. Selling is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain
what they need and want through creating and exchanging products and values
with others.
65. The first of the core marketing concepts that should be explored by the marketer
wishing to do business is needs, wants, and demands.
Answer: (True) Difficulty: (2) Page: 5, 6, Figure 1-1
66. A want is a state of felt deprivation.

67. Human wants that are backed by buying power are called demands.
68. In outstanding companies, people at all levels—including top management—stay

close to customers.
69. A demand is anything that can be offered to a market to satisfy a need or want.
70. The concept of a product is limited to physical objects.

71. Marketing myopia occurs when sellers are so taken with their products that they

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focus only on existing wants and lose sight of underlying customer needs.
72. The difference between the values the customer gains from owning and using a
product and the costs of obtaining the product is called customer satisfaction.
73. One party gives X to another party and gets Y in return. This would be an example
of a transaction.
74. The concepts of exchange and relationships lead to the concept of demarketing.
Answer: (False) Difficulty: (3) Page: 14, 16
75. Marketing to reduce demand temporarily or permanently is called demarketing.

76. If a company used $10 million on television advertising, a sales force of 200 people,
and had a marketing department to coordinate and further marketing efforts, the
company would be employing the marketing practice of interpreneurial marketing.
77. The primary concept used in selling unsought goods such as encyclopedias or
insurance is the product concept.
78. The selling concept takes an “inside-out” perspective toward the exchange process.
79. The production concept questions whether the pure marketing concept is adequate
in an age of environmental problems, resource shortages, rapid population growth,
worldwide economic problems, and neglected social services.
80. Connecting more selectively, connecting for life, and connecting directly are all
characteristics connections with customers.
Answer: (True) Difficulty: (2) Page: 27, Figure 1-5
81. Keeping old customers would be a part of the old marketing thinking as applied to
connections with customers.
Answer: (False) Difficulty: (2) Page: 36, Table 1-1
82.
Marketing locally and globally would be part of the new marketing thinking as
applied to connections with the world around us.
Answer: (True) Difficulty: (1) Page: 36, Table 1-1

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ESSAY QUESTIONS
83. Define marketing and discuss its role in the economy.
Answer:
Marketing is a social and managerial process by which individuals and groups obtain what they
need and want through creating and exchanging products and values with others. Economic
roles include: meeting needs, wants, and demands (of a variety of types); creating products;
creating value and satisfaction; aiding in the facilitation of exchanges, transactions, and mutually
beneficial relationships; developing markets; meeting social needs of consumers; increasing
consumer choice, and providing fair profits for business organizations.
84. List and briefly discuss the core marketing concepts. All of these concepts
are important to understanding the definition of marketing.
Answer:
Marketing management is the analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs

designed to create, build, and maintain beneficial exchanges with target buyers for the purpose of
achieving organizational objectives. As shown in the discussion provided in the chapter,
marketing management seeks to manage demand efficiently and effectively so as to help
consumers obtain value in their transactions with the company. By doing this correctly, the
company earns a profit for its labors. Marketing management recognizes that customers have a
lifetime value and seek to maintain the customer relationship as an important organizational
objective.
87. Marketing practice often passes through three stages. List and briefly describe each of
these stages.
Answer:
The stages may be listed as:

1). Entrepreneurial marketing—most companies are started by individuals who live by
their wits. They visualize an opportunity and knock on every door to gain attention.
2). Formulated marketing—as small companies achieve success, they inevitably move
toward more formulated marketing. They use television advertising, sales forces, and
marketing departments to achieve their goals and objectives.
3). Intrepreneurial marketing—many large and mature companies get stuck in
formulated marketing, pouring over the latest reports and doing research to fine-tune their
efforts. These companies sometimes lose their marketing creativity and passion. They now need
to re-establish within their companies the entrepreneurial spirit and actions that made them
successful in the first place.

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88. Carefully list and then compare the five marketing management philosophies. Be sure
to indicate the key components of each philosophy.
Answer:
a). Production Concept: Consumers favor products that are available and highly affordable.
Management should focus on improving production and distribution efficiency. The production
concept is still useful in two types of situations: (1) when the demand for a product exceeds the
supply (management should look for ways to increase production) and (2) when the product’s
cost is too high (improved productivity is needed to bring it down).
b). Product Concept: Consumers favor products that offer the most value, performance, and
innovative features. Therefore, the organization should devote its energy to making continuous
product improvements. This concept can lead to marketing myopia if not
watched.
c). Selling Concept: Consumers will not normally buy enough products on their own, therefore,
the organization must undertake a large-scale selling and promotion effort. Most firms practice
this concept when they have overcapacity.
d). Marketing Concept: Delivering the needs and wants more efficiently than the competition.
This is an “outside-in” perspective as opposed to the selling concept’s “inside-out” perspective.
e). Societal Marketing Concept: The company determines customer needs and wants and
society’s best interest. Conflicts in this concept are usually between short-run wants versus long-
term gains in welfare.
89. The new connected millennium has brought about changes for the marketing function.
Using connecting technologies (computer, information, communication, and
transportation), marketers are seeking to connect in three ways. List and describe these
three connections.
Answer:
The three connections are listed as:

1). Connections with Customers—considerations are connecting more selectively,
connecting for life, and connecting directly.
2). Connections with Marketing Partners—considerations are connecting with other

company departments, connecting with suppliers and distributors, and connecting
through strategic alliances.
3). Connections with the World Around Us—considerations are global connections,
connections with values and responsibilities, and broadened connections.

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90. Marketing connections are in transition. Compare and contrast the old marketing
thinking versus the new marketing thinking using the connection forms suggested in the
chapter.
Answer:
Students should apply connections with customers, connections with marketing partners, and
connections with the world around us to the old marketing thinking and the new marketing
thinking. The comparisons and contrasts are shown in Table 1-1. Students should not be
required to list all of these comparisons and contrasts. However, they should be required to
demonstrate the differences between the two forms of thinking and what the ramifications of
these two paths might be for marketing in the future.
APPLICATION QUESTION
91. You have just been hired by Blue Flash Water Corporation to administer a relationship
marketing program for the company. The company manufactures and distributes a
purity-guaranteed, non-carbonated, bottled drinking water product to grocery and
convenience stores in the southwestern United States. The company’s desire is to build
strong economic and social ties to customers by promising and consistently delivering high-
quality products, good service, and fair prices. In order to do this, Blue Flash wants you to
build a marketing network for them. Write down your ideas on what a marketing
network is, how it might relate to the concept of relationship marketing, and designate the
components of a what you perceive to be a marketing network for Blue Flash Water
Corporation.
Answer:
Students should be allowed to be creative with this question. This question should not be
attempted unless the students have been exposed to the concepts of relationship marketing and a
marketing network. If they have, the question’s answers should be somewhat similar to the
information indicated below. According to the text, beyond creating short-term transactions,
marketers need to build long-term relationships with valued customers, distributors, dealers, and
suppliers. Today, companies want to build a unique company asset called a marketing
network. A marketing network consists of the company and all its supporting stakeholders.
These would be the customers, employees, suppliers, distributors, retailers, ad agencies, and
others with whom it has built mutually profitable business relationships. Tools that the marketer
might use to develop stronger bonds with consumers might be to add or increase financial
benefits, social benefits, structural ties, and make sure that all customers are profitable
customers. The idea behind relationship marketing through a marketing network is that if a
company builds a good network of relationships with key stakeholders, profits will follow for all.
Students should describe customers (for the bottled water market), consider how dedicated
employees might aid in the formation of relationships, consider where the company gets its
purified water (suppliers), how it distributes the water, the retailers (outlets) that carry the

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product, and the ad agencies that have designed themes for the water (how could the Blue Flash
name be used). Structure can be given to this arrangement at the discretion of the instructor.
The objective is to get the student familiar with the components of a relationship marketing
effort and the stakeholders of a marketing network.
CHAPTER 2
COMPANY AND MARKETING STRATEGY
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. Disney has been successful in selecting an overall company strategy for long-run survival and
growth called _____.
a. tactical planning
b. strategic planning
c. futuristic planning
d. relationship marketing
(b)
2. When your firm practices developing and maintaining a strategic fit between your
organization’s
goals and capabilities, it is forming a (an) _____.
a. mission statement
b. values statement
c. strategic plan
d. operating plan
(c)
3. At the corporate level, a company starts the strategic planning process by defining its overall
purpose and _____.
a. mission
b. values
c. vision
d. strengths
(a)
4. A strategic plan has this item or items following its marketing objectives.
a. budgetary requirements
b. target market selection
c. research plans
d. marketing strategies
(d)
5. What do we call the collection of businesses and products that make up the company?
a. investment diversity
b. needs inventory
c. business portfolio

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d. none of the above

(c)
6. Which of the following does business portfolio planning entail?

a. analyzing the current portfolio
b. deciding which units should receive more or less investment
c. deciding which units should receive no further investment
d. all of the above
(d)
7. The firm you work for has decided to use the Boston Consulting Group’s approach to classify
its
business units. Upon what is the approach based?
a. most profitable units
b. growth-share matrix
c. customer retention
d. cost-benefits
(b)
8. The BCG market growth rate provides a measure of _____.

a. company strength in the market
b. decline of competitors
c. market attractiveness
d. the unit stock value
(c)
9. A common practice among marketers is to increase sales to current customers without

changing
their products. What is this practice called?
a. market skimming
b. market penetration
c. market development
d. product extension
(b)
10. A common practice among marketers is to identify and develop new markets for their
existing
products. This practice is called _____.
a. market development
b. product development
c. market penetration
d. market skimming
(a)
CHAPTER 3

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MARKET ENVIRONMENT
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. The current marketing environment has a tendency to turn back the clock to simpler times.
What has this yearning produced?
a. massive nostalgia wave
b. massive nutrition wave
c. massive exercise wave
d. massive music wave
(a)
2. You are directed to study the factors that are close to the company that affect its ability to
serve
its customers – the company, suppliers, marketing intermediaries, customer markets,
competitors, and publics. What are you studying?
a. the macroenvironment
b. the microenvironment
c. the marketing environment
d. the global environment
(b)
3. You are directed to study the factors that are larger societal forces that affect your company –
demographic, economic, natural, technological, political, and cultural.
What are you studying?
a. the macroenvironment
b. the microenvironment
c. the marketing environment
d. the global environment
(a)
4. All of the groups within a company are called the _____.

a. culture
b. diversity
c. internal environment
d. climate
(c)
5. Currently, you are employed by a firm that conducts marketing research and creates ads for
other companies that help them target and promote their products to the right markets. For
whom are you employed?
a. financial intermediary
b. physical distribution firm
c. marketing service firm
d. reseller
(c)

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6. Defining people by their birth date may be less effective than segmenting them by their _____
or
____.
a. income; occupation
b. lifestyle; occupation
c. lifestyle; life stage
d. occupation; life stage
(d)
7. The _____ environment consists of factors that affect consumer purchasing power and
spending patterns.
a. social-cultural
b. political-legal
c. technological
d. economic
(d)
8. One of the major concerns for marketers about the natural environment is the _____.
a. number of protestors against misuse
b. shortages of raw materials
c. increases in recycling
d. none of the above
(b)
9. Marketers are aware of laws, government agencies, and pressure groups that influence or limit
various organizations and individuals in a given society. We call this the _____ environment.
a. social-legal
b. legal-cultural
c. political
d. legal-technological
(c)
10. A society’s basic values, perceptions, preferences, and behaviors are found in its _____
environment.
a. social
b. cultural
c. social-cultural
d. cultural-economic
(b)
CHAPTER 7

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Segmentation, Targeting, and Positioning: Building the Right Relationships with the Right
Customers
MULTIPLE CHOICE
1. When a company identifies the parts of the market it can serve best and most
profitably, it is practicing _____.
a. concentrated marketing
b. mass marketing
c. targeted marketing
d. segmenting
(d)
2. Even though several options are available at any one time, there is _____ to segment
a market.
a. one single best way
b. no single way
c. the most effective way
d. the least-cost way
(b)
3. Your firm has decided to localize its products and services to meet local market
demands. A good approach to use would be _____ segmentation.
a. geographic
b. benefit
c. end use
d. customer
(a)
4. When Burger King targets different groups—from children and teens to adults and
seniors—with different ads and media, it is practicing _____ segmentation.
a. demographic
b. age and life-cycle
c. psychographic
d. behavioral
(b)
5. As a business consultant, what type of segmentation would you suggest to

marketers who cater to people of certain social classes, lifestyles, and personality
characteristics?
a. behavioral
b. gender
c. psychographic
d. age and life-cycle
(c)

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6. Kathleen O’Toole divides buyers into groups based on their knowledge, attitudes,
uses, or responses to a product. Kathleen is obviously using _____ segmentation.
a. behavioral
b. psychographic
c. age and life-cycle
d. demographic
(a)
7. This type of segmentation centers on the use of the word “when,” such as when
consumers get the idea to buy; when they actually make their purchase; or when they use the
purchased item. What do marketers call this?
a. behavioral
b. psychographic
c. occasion
d. impulse
(c)
8. Your current assignment at York Foods is to find the major benefits people look
for in product classes; the kinds of people who look for each benefit; and the major brands that
deliver each benefit. What is this segmentation method called?
a. benefit
b. behavioral
c. age and life-cycle
d. psychographic
(a)
9. Shampoo marketers rate buyers as light, medium, or heavy products users. This is _____.
a. user status
b. usage rate
c. benefit
d. behavioral
(b)
10. Many firms are making an effort to identify smaller, better-defined target groups by using
_____.
a. user rates
b. loyalty segmentation
c. multiple segmentation bases
d. positioning
(c)

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Midterm, questions and answers

Principle of Marketing (The American University in Cairo)

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MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

3. Creating __________________ is at the very heart of modern marketing thinking

4. The twofold goal of marketing is to attract new customers by promising superior

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7. _________________ is a social and managerial process by which individuals and

8. The most basic concept underlying marketing is that of:

9. ____________ are states of felt deprivation.

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12. When backed by buying power, wants become:

13. In outstanding companies, people at all levels, including top management,:

intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything.

Answer: (d) Difficulty: (1) Page: 7

16. If a company is guilty of “marketing myopia,” then it is:

Answer: (b) Difficulty: (3) Page: 8

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19. _________________ depend(s) on a product’s perceived performance in delivering

20. With respect to customer satisfaction, smart companies aim to:

23. A(n) ______________ consists of a trade of values between parties.

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25. Transaction marketing is part of the larger idea of _________________.

28. In a contemporary sense, a market is thought to be:

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32. The aim of demarketing is to:

33. In the past, marketers followed a _______________ approach to gaining customers.

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and distribution efficiency).

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most quality, performance, and innovative features. Thus, an organization should

41. Which philosophy of business is typically practiced when marketing unsought

42. When faced with overcapacity, most firms practice _________________.

43. _______________________ holds that achieving organizational goals depends on

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b. “To fly, to serve.”

49. _______________ is the vast and burgeoning global web of computer

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50. The connecting technologies of the computer, information, communication, and

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55. A ___________ for personal computers consists of suppliers of computer chips

58. If a university or college posts antismoking and antidrinking materials at strategic

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61. Selling is the delivery of customer satisfaction at a profit.

63. Marketing is really only selling and advertising.

66. A want is a state of felt deprivation.

68. In outstanding companies, people at all levels—including top management—stay

70. The concept of a product is limited to physical objects.

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75. Marketing to reduce demand temporarily or permanently is called demarketing.

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83. Define marketing and discuss its role in the economy.

Marketing management is the analysis, planning, implementation, and control of programs

The stages may be listed as:

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The three connections are listed as:

2). Connections with Marketing Partners—considerations are connecting with other

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