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Name____________________________________ Grade___________________ Date____________

Module I on PFA: Validating and Normalizing Feelings

By the end of the session, you should be able to;

• Identify feelings/reactions related to the pandemic/any form of disaster
• Accept that all feelings and reactions are normal and valid.

Introduction

How are you feeling today? You are now on page 1 of a set of pages that will contain modules to help you talk
about your experiences during the months of lockdown due to the pandemic or maybe due to another disaster. I am sure
you are eager to participate because there are many things to talk about. There will be a total of 4 modules for you to
answer in order to complete this task.
You will be doing a lot of activities, and you will also learn from the readings and infographics
provided in this booklet. The aim of these activities is to help you feel better as you are provided with ways to react to all
the disruptions caused by the pandemic or the disaster. After you are done answering all the 4 modules, you will need to
submit these back to me so that I can give you feedback on your answers. Let’s begin.

Look at the lines below. You are going to write a letter.

Pause and Think. Then write, My Dear Friend.

Using the lines, write to a friend about the following:

During the months of lockdown, what were the 5 routines or reactions you did at home? An example would
be; “I slept most of the time.” Or, “I watch television/GMA7/AbsCbn.” Others may say,” Nothing. I help in the household
chores.” Number them from 1-5, and write them down on the front part of your letter.

On the back page of your letter, write to your friend about your feelings towards your reactions or routines. An
example of feeling would be; “I felt bored.” Or, “I felt afraid.” Others may say, “I experienced anxiety.” You can repeat
your feelings, but, you may not repeat the routines or reactions. You can explain why you felt that way or why you reacted
that way. You do not need to write a long letter. A short one will do.

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Once you are finished writing, I would like you to read the information entitled Common Reactions of Students to
Stressful Events. Compare your feelings to the feelings written inside the box. Are there commonalities? Were there
feelings that you also felt but that you were not able to mention in your letter?

Common Reactions of Students to Stressful Events

• feel a strong responsibility to the family.
• feel anxious brought about by uncertainty of the future.
• feel intense or prolonged grief for not being able to wake.
• may become self-absorbed and feel self-pity.
• may experience changes in their relationships with other people.
• may also start taking risks, engage in self-destructive behavior, have avoidant behavior, and
become aggressive.
• may experience major shifts in their view of the world accompanied by a sense of
hopelessness about the present and the future.
• may become defiant of authorities and parents while they start relying on peers for socializing
through social media.
• may feel guilty and anxious having been separated from their loved ones due to lockdown.

I want you to know that all your feelings, all your reactions for the past days are valid. To validate is to affirm that these
feeling/s are happening. I want you to say to yourself, “It is okay that I felt this way. It is okay to not be okay’. I want you
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to know that all your emotions are real and true. And that all of those, they are normal feelings. They are normal because
other people may also share the same feeling/s but the intensity of feelings is uniquely yours. Tell yourself, “All these are
normal feelings. Normal lang ang pakiramdam ko”.

Analysis

What are the common feeling/s to the usual routines of your everyday life? What are your shared human experiences of
Covid-19 or of the disaster that hit your town? Are they similar? Are they dissimilar? Now that you have recognized your
common humanity, you feel a sigh of relief from knowing that you were not alone. You can empathize with each other.
You accept each other. These are all normal feelings to stressful situations..If you wish, you can take a photo of the letter
and share it with your friend. I hope this empowers you to go on living.

Please read the handout entitled: When Terrible Things Happen. I am certain it will help you learn more about how you
can help yourself.

Module I Handout: When Terrible Things Happen

Immediate Reactions

There are a wide variety of positive and negative reactions that students can experience during and immediately after
crisis situations. These Include:
Domain Negative Responses Positve Responses

Cognitive Confusion, worry, self-blame Determination courage, optimism, faith

Emotional Shock, sorry, grief, sadness, fear, anger, Feeling involved, challenged, mobilized
numb, irritability, guilt, and shame

Social Fights with others or does not speak with Seeks out others who can help them, helps others in
others need
Physiological Tired, headache, muscle tension, Alertness, readiness to respond, increased energy
stomachache, difficulty sleeping, fast heart
beat
Common negative reactions that may continue include:

Intrusive reactions

• Distressing thoughts or images of the event while awake or dreaming

• Upsetting emotional or physical reactions to reminders of the experience
• Feeling like the experience is happening all over again (“flashback”)
• Avoid talking, thinking, and having feelings about the traumatic event
• Avoid reminders of the event (places and people connected to what happened)
• Restricted emotions; feeling numb
• Feelings of detachment and estrangement from others; social withdrawal
• Loss of interest in usually pleasurable activities
Physical arousal reactions

• Constantly being “on the lookout” for danger, startling easily, or being jumpy
• Irritability or outbursts of anger, feeling “on edge”
• Difficulty falling or staying asleep, problems concentrating or paying attention
Reactions to trauma and loss reminders

• Reactions to places, people, sights, sounds, smells, and feelings that are reminders of the disaster
• Reminders can bring on distressing mental images, thoughts, and emotional/physical reactions
• Common examples include: sudden loud noises, sirens, locations where the disaster occurred,
seeing people with disabilities, funerals, anniversaries of the disaster, and television/radio news
about the disaster
Positive changes in priorities, worldview, and expectations

• Enhanced appreciation that family and friends are precious and important
• Meeting the challenge of addressing difficulties (by taking positive action steps, changing the focus
of thoughts, using humor, acceptance)
• Shifting expectations about what to expect from day to day and about what is considered a “good

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day”
• Shifting priorities to focus more on quality time with family or friends
• Increased commitment to self, family, friends, and spiritual/religious faith
When a Loved One Dies, Common Reactions Include:
• Feeling confused, numb, disbelief, bewildered, or lost
• Feeling angry at the person who died or at people considered responsible for the death
• Strong physical reactions such as nausea, fatigue, shakiness, and muscle weakness
• Feeling guilty for still being alive
• Intense emotions such as extreme sadness, anger, or fear
• Increased risk for physical illness and injury
• Decreased productivity or difficulties making decisions
• Having thoughts about the person who died even when you don’t want to
• Longing, missing, and wanting to search for the person who died
• Children and adolescents are particularly likely to worry that they or a parent might die
• Children and adolescents may become anxious when separated from caregivers or other loved ones \
What Helps
• Talking to another person for support or spending time with others
• Engaging in positive distracting activities (sports, hobbies, reading)
• Getting adequate rest and eating healthy meals
• Trying to maintain a normal schedule
• Scheduling pleasant activities
• Taking breaks
• Reminiscing about a loved one who has died
• Focusing on something practical that you can do right now to manage the situation better
• Using relaxation methods (breathing exercises, meditation, calming self-talk, music)
• Participating in a support group
• Exercising in moderation
• Keeping a journal
• Seeking counseling

What Doesn’t Help

• Using alcohol or drugs to cope

• Extreme withdrawal from family or friends
• Overeating or failing to eat
• Withdrawing from pleasant activities
• Working too much
• Violence or conflict
• Doing risky things (driving recklessly, substance abuse, not taking adequate precautions)
• Extreme avoidance of thinking or talking about the event or a death of a loved one
• Not taking care of yourself
• Excessive TV or computer games
• Blaming others Source: Brymer et al., 2012

ABSTRACTION/REFLECTION

Now that you knew that what you were feeling or how you were reacting was similar to the one on the list, how do you
feel now about yourself? Always remember that your reactions to the stressful situation are normal at the moment or until
about three months. Most young people will react in the same manner. You are not being crazy when you have those
feelings. Also, the next time you feel that way, try to take ten deep breaths. Slowly. And then try to do letter writing and
send the letter to your close friends. This will help you calm down. Can we try to do that together? Count 1-10 as you
breathe in and out.

APPLICATION

Today you learned that our reactions to the stressful events of Pandemic or any other form of disaster were normal and
valid. How does this new learning that my reactions and feelings toward Covid-19/disaster were normal after all help me?
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How can you apply this learning to your life especially after experiencing such a pandemic?

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Closure

Read your letter again. Compare how you feel now that you know that those feelings were normal and valid. Say to
yourself: my feelings are valid. My reactions are normal. My feelings and reactions are valid and normal.
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Name___________________________________________________________ Grade_______________ Date________

Module II on PFA: Calming Down and Managing one’s Emotions and Thoughts

Objectives : By the end of this module, you should be able to

• Identify positive ways to manage one’s emotions
• Practice calming down using a diaphragmatic breathing and the 3C’s of Feelings and Thoughts
• Be able to practice reframing one’s thoughts

Materials ball, paper, pen

Introduction

So far, we have discussed your routines and feelings during the past few months of pandemic. Today, we shall focus on
how to manage your feelings.

Remember when I asked you to identify your feelings and reactions to Covid-19/disaster? Can you recall what those
feelings were? Now. I want you to consider some ways to help you manage your feelings of stress and anxiety

I want you to stay outdoors and play, “Catch the Ball” with your sibling or friend. If it is not possible for you to do this
with someone, you can also just throw the ball towards a wall then catch it. After throwing and catching the ball for a
while, think, “what am I catching”?

Imagine that what you are catching are feelings. Those were some of the feelings you caught during the
lockdown/pandemic/disaster. They are feelings of fear, boredom, anxiety, etc. Stop playing for a moment. You accepted
the ball. Hold it. Look at it. Accept the feeling. Say to yourself, “Yes, I was feeling afraid.” Or “Yes, I was feeling
anxious.”

Catching your Feelings It is always good to catch what you are feeling. It is a normal and valid feeling. It’s okay to
Not feel okay. But they are real and true only as the not-so-normal situation that triggers it.

It is ok to not feel okay, in a not-so-ok-situation like the pandemic or any disaster. Now, I want to invite you to do some
diaphragmatic breathing. Breathe in (Inhalation of Air). A very slight pause before you exhale. Breathe out (exhalation
of air). Breathe in (inhalation of Air). A very slight pause before you inhale. Breathe out (exhalation of air). Release all
the feelings.

Check your Feelings Were those feelings helpful to me? You will probably answer with both a yes and a no. That
means that some of your feelings were helpful but others were not. For instance, if you keep feeling fearful, do you need
to stay in fear for long? How helpful is fear to you? How accurate or appropriate is the feeling of anxiety, now? How
helpful is it to always be worrying about things? While thinking about this, Breathe in and Breathe out (5x).

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Change that Feeling In this part, I want you to think of something else to help you feel better. This means that you can
replace that feeling. Some feelings are productive and useful while some may be unproductive and useless. It is because
they are no longer appropriate to the situation. You have the power to change your feelings by actually changing your
thoughts about the feeling. This process is called REFRAMING.. Where is the feeling coming from? Or, you can ask,
“Where is the ball coming from?” Why did it hit you? How do you manage your feelings? You can manage it by
changing the name of the ball into feelings of gratefulness, understanding, happiness, and contentment. Breathe in.
Breathe out (5x)

Alternative Activities

You can also do other breathing exercises, yoga poses, tai-chi with humor injected into it, engaging in sports but in a non-
competitive manner, or dance moves using both slow and fast beats.

ANALYSIS

What do you feel? What do you think was the point of Catching, Checking and Changing your feelings?
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What was the reason why you had to reframe your thoughts?
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ABSTRACTION

Can you compare how you feel right now with how you felt before we started with the activity? Do you see some
changes? Are the feelings positive? What are these new changes in the way you feel at the moment?
Use the columns below labeled with the words “Before” on one side and “After” on the other side. Under the word
Before, write your feelings during the pandemic/disaster. Under the word After, write your feelings at this very moment,
after going through the Catch, Check and Change Exercise.

BEFORE (my feelings during the AFTER (my feelings right now)
pandemic/disaster)

APPLICATION

How can you apply your newfound knowledge to your daily life? After going through the activity, I learned that the
feelings that I CAUGHT could be…

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After a while, I CHECKED the feelings and realized that I could…

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And so I CHANGED my feelings into the following:

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Tell yourself: The next time when I experience intense feelings, I would take a deep breath 5X to calm down, and then
check, change the feelings by reframing my thoughts.

CLOSURE
As a way to close the session, repeat this line to yourself: “Emotions can be caught (like in a ball), checked (on
helpfulness or usefulness and accuracy) and changed.”

Name___________________________________________________________ Grade_______________ Date________

Module III on PFA: IDENTIFYING and ADDRESSING NEEDS

Objectives: By the end of this module, you should be able to

• To identify one’s current needs and those of one’s family
• Become aware of the various institutions, departments and centers present within the school environment or the
immediate community
• Take note of the important numbers and information regarding who to approach for their needs

Materials: pen

ACTIVITY Saan ka Pupunta?

We have discussed about feelings, thoughts and how to accept and reframe them. Today, you will learn about how to
refer people in need. I want to show you the List of Emergency Contact Numbers and Information. Please detach this list
from this module set and place it somewhere

List of Emergency Contact Numbers and Information

Organization Contact # and Address Contact Person

Barangay Health Office

Barangay Disaster Team
DSWD office
Hospital
Psychologist or Social
Worker
Covid Screening Center

Your School

In your home where it would be visible to all members of your household. The list contains numbers, names, and
addresses of certain government and non-governmental offices that we may all approach in order to have our family’s

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needs addressed. You can add other emergency contact information to this list.

Let us now discuss the list of common needs of people after they have experienced a disaster:

List of Common Needs of Survivors after a Disaster or Pandemic

General To find missing family members, to provide medical assistance to those who were hurt, to
gain access to list of casualties, to know how many were affected, to provide proper burial
facilities for those who have passed on
Food and Water To provide waterline to homes, to gain access to source of water for multiple purposes, food
for x number of days
Family Goods Blankets, clothes, beddings, tarp, flashlight, storage boxes, underwater, dignity kits,
disinfectants/alcohol
Fuel For vehicle, gas for cooking, for kerosene lamps

Shelter Temporary shelter, building materials to be used for repairs

Would this list be complete? What do you think are the needs that are missing? Let us talk about the needs of people
during a pandemic. Look at the table below to find out how best to access these needs:

List of Common Needs During a Pandemic and How to Access Them

Relief Goods To receive relief goods and “ayuda” or from the Barangay level, City Mayor, and
DSWD.
Selling of Product and Goods Is your family involved in selling some products or goods?
They too, need to get permits to travel and to sell their basic goods and
commodities. Go to your Barangay Center to issue the permit.
Transportation within your If you need to travel within your area of vicinity, go to your
area. Barangay Center and ask for permission to go to a Grocery Store, Market place,
Supermarket or Pharmacy store. A quarantine pass is issued by your Barangay.
Wearing facemask is always needed.
Transportation outside your Go to your Barangay Center to get a travel pass that will allow you to pass major
city or municipality. thoroughfares. Make sure you are Covid-free. Make sure also that you wear your
face-mask.
They also provide you with vehicles.
Cash Assistance or The DSWD releases cash amounts in three tranches to poor but deserving families.
Social Amelioration Program Contact your local DSWD.
(SAP)
Cash Assistance to Overseas Foreign Workers (OFW) and workers who have been displaced may avail
OFW of Government Cash Aid by the DOLE.

Now look at the Needs Form below. On the first column, list down all the members of the family whom you live with.
On the second column, identify the immediate needs of this person that your family cannot address as of this moment.
On the third column, identify where you can refer this person to or who you can approach in order to ask for help
regarding the needs of this person. If you do not know anyone who can help that person, just leave it blank first.

Needs Form

Family/Relative/Friend Current Immediate Need Refer to

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Congratulations on being able to identify where you can refer your loved ones to in order to get help. It is not easy to be
able to do this so if you were able to do so, then you did a great job!

Can we talk about what you think your own needs are? Who can you approach in order to address your own needs?

ANALYSIS

Why do you think it is important for all of you to learn about whom you can go to for your own needs and the needs of
your family?

Why do you think it is important for you to learn about whom you can go to for your own needs and the needs of your
family?

I would like to commend you for knowing whom you can approach in times of need. I am happy to know that they too
have a good support system in you. It’s good to know that they can depend on you.

ABSTRACTION
Think about news reports that showed how at times, even these linkages could not do their responsibilities efficiently.
Why do you think these groups had a hard time? Can you also recall some great or good stories about how other groups
were able to help you very well?

Name___________________________________________________________ Grade_______________ Date________

Module IV on PFA- SOURCES OF STRENGTH

Rationale
The aim of this module is to encourage you to revisit your strengths in order to support your self-efficacy to deal with
their situation. In order to encourage a hopeful outlook, the module serves to reinforce sources of support and internal and
external resources.

Activity: Ang Saranggola at Ako

Objectives: By the end of this module, you should be able to

• Identify personal, social, and emotional sources of strengths during and in the aftermath of the
disaster/stressful situation
• Identify your internal and external sources of strength

Materials: markers/crayons, pen

Introduction
Hi! During the first day, we discussed validating and normalizing our feelings. Last Tuesday, we talked about how to
calm down and manage our feelings. Yesterday, we talked about our needs and how to address them. How are you today?
You just have one last module to do before you reach the end of these PFA sessions. Today, we will focus on your
sources of strength. This is our way of reminding that you have resources within yourself or with others that have allowed
you to begin to face the new normal-your process of recovery.

On the next page is a drawing of a kite or what we call a saranggola. Another name for it is, Guriyon or Bulador. Among
the Cebuanos, it is called Banog-Banog. Can you tell me what makes it go up in the air? You are right, it needs the wind
to go up in the air. What can make it strong enough to not break by air? It needs good and strong brace. It needs good
material. It needs a line or a long string. The paper must be properly glued. And it needs a strong brace.

Just like a kite, you too have what it takes to fly. On each part of the kite’s diamond, Kindly write down what you think

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are your sources of strength. What makes you strong despite what you have gone through during the past few months of
pandemic? An example would be, “ang pagiging matatag, buo ang loob, masayahin, at may tiwala sa sarili.”

Can you also identify what or who acts like the wind for you? Who provides you with support? Who or what helps you
soar? On the areas outside the kite, write down the names of these people or things that act like the wind for you.

Take time to color your drawing. Below it, write a brief explanation about your sources of strength and the people and
things who act like the wind to help you fly or soar.

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ANALYSIS

What have you realized about yourself after drawing the kite?
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ABSTRACTION

How are you similar to the kite? What are your strengths as a person?

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APPLICATION
The next time you feel weak, imagine your saranggola in order to remind yourself that you have a number of sources of
strength? Finally, can you write a poem with one stanza and 4 lines (isang saknong na may 4 na linya o taludtod ng tula)
about your sources of strengths?

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Example: Ang Saranggola ko at Ako

Ang saranggola ko at ako
Parehong-pareho
Ako ay Matatag, Sya rin ay Matatag
Ako ay di Babagsak, sya din ay di babagsak
Tangayin man ng hangin Hinding hindi matitinag!

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CLOSING

Facing the mirror, read and recite out loud the poem you have written about your sources of strength.

The 2020 O/R PFA Modules Supplemental to the SEES Manual