INSTRUCTIONS

FOR THE SAFE APPLICATION OF CABLES

The cables manufactured by S BRÖCKSKES are only appropriate for the transmission of electric energy for supply and si-
gnalling purposes.
First of all the valid construction and installation prescriptions for the corresponding machine or equipment has to be observed.
The valid VDE prescription 0100 can be regarded as base. Furthermore, the following security advice has to be observed for the
use of cables.

n For each cable type you can find under ”technical data” information on fields that can also be found under the fol-
lowing standards. Among others these are:
® Nominal voltage,
Peak operating voltage HD 516
® Test voltage DIN VDE 0250 T1; EN 50525-1 as well as relevant cable standards
® Minimum bending radius HD 516
® Temperature range HD 516
® Fire performance standards of series IEC 60332 as well as relevant cable standards
® Resistances EN 60811-404 as well as relevant cable standards
® Further special technical data

The safe application is described under ” security requirements” and ”boundary conditions”.

n Under ” security requirements” you will find information on fields that can also be found under the following stan-
dards. Among others these are:
® Basic requirements HD 516 pos. 4.1
® General requirements HD 516 pos. 4.2
® Current-carrying capacity
for undisturbed service DIN VDE 0298 T4 pos. 5
® Operating conditions DIN VDE 0298 T4 pos. 5.3.1
® Ambient conditions DIN VDE 0298 T4 pos. 5.3.3
® Requirements for fixed laying HD 516 pos. 4.3
® Requirements for flexible cables HD 516 pos. 4.4

n Under ” boundary conditions” you will find information on fields that can also be found under the following stan-
dards. Among others these are:
® Operating conditions HD 516 pos. 5
® Voltage HD 516 pos. 5.1
® Current-carrying capacity HD 516 pos. 5.2
® Current-carrying capacity: tables:
Capacity, cables with a nominal
voltage up to 1000 V and
heat resistant cables DIN VDE 0298 T4 table 11
Conversion factors for
deviating ambient temperatures DIN VDE 0298 T4 table 17+18

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Conversion factors for

the accumulation on walls,
in tubes and conduits, on
the floor and at the ceiling DIN VDE 0298 T4 table 21
Conversion factors for
multi-core cables with
conductor cross sections
up to 10 mm2 DIN VDE 0298 T4 table 26
® Thermal influences HD 516 pos. 5.3
® Mechanical stress HD 516 pos. 5.4
® Tensile load HD 516 pos. 5.4.1
® Bending load HD 516 pos. 5.4.2
® Compression stress HD 516 pos. 5.4.3
® Torsional stress HD 516 pos. 5.4.4
® Compatibility HD 516 pos. 5.5
® Application in rooms and
in the open air HD 516 appendix A
® Stress classification HD 516 appendix B
® Construction of strands EN 60228 + IEC 60228

n Besides the generally known technical rules, please consider especially the following prescriptions
for the application of our products:

VDE…
0100, 0105, 0106, 0108, 0110, 0113, 0116,
0165, 0166, 0170, 0171, 0271, 0298, 0700,
0720, 0727, 0730, 0737, 0740, 0745, 0750,
0800, 0804, 0805, 0839, 0860, 0891, 1000, etc.

® You will find under the individual item groups further instructions and the description of the special application
possibilities of our cables.

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 INSTRUCTIONS
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Security requirements

n Basic requirements

Cables can be regarded to be safe in case that they are used for their intended purpose and don’t mean any unaccep-table risk
for life and real values. If not otherwise specified, insulated cables shall only be used for the transmission and division of electric
energy.

n General requirements

Cables have to be chosen in a way that they meet the existing voltages and currents occuring in the machines, equipment of ap-
pliances or in their parts for which they are applied under any expected operating condition. Cables should be constructed, in-
stalled, protected and maintained to avoid any risks and harms.

n Carrying capacity for undisturbed service (general info)

The cable section has to be chosen in a way that the given current-carrying capacity never leads to a heating of the conductor
over the allowed service temperature. The heating resp. carrying-capacity of a cable depends on the construction, material cha-
racteristics and the operating conditions. Additional heating due to a cable accumulation, heating flues, solar radiation, etc. have
to considered resp. avoided. The use of covers requires an undisturbed air circulation.

n Operating conditions

The temporary flow of current describes the operating conditions. Continuous operation means a constant current which is at
least sufficient to reach the thermal equilibrium of the electrical equipment without any other time limit. The capacity values of
cables are based on continuous service reaching the allowed operating temperature of the conductor.

n Environmental conditions

Environmental conditions are among others characterized by the ambient temperature, heat loss and heat radiation. The ambient
temperature is the temperature of the surrounding air, without any load on the respective cable. The reference point is a tempe-
rature of + 30°C. The operating conditions of cables can change by heat loss for example in closed rooms, cable ducts or similar,
as well as by heat radiation (e. g. solar radiation).

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n Conditions and requirements for fixed laying

The fixed laying of cables requires among others:

® The cable shall not be installed in direct or close contact with hot surfaces if they are not suitable for this application.
® Cables are not suitable for direct underground laying.
® Cables have to be fixed properly. The weight of the cable is important for the choice of the fixing distance.
® The used mechanical fixing devices shall not damage the cable.
® Cables that have been used for a long time may be damaged in case of removal. This can be a natural effect due to the ageing
of the physical characteristics of insulation and sheath material - they become brittle.

n Requirements for flexible cables

® Flexible cables should be used for mobile electrical equipment.

® The length of the connection cable has to be chosen in a way that the reaction of short-circuit protective equipment is
ensured.
® For mobile electrical equipment the cable should be as short as possible.
® Elevated stress due to tension, pressure, abraison, torsion or knicking has to be avoided.
® The cables shall not be damaged by strain relief or connection devices.
® The cables shall not be layed under carpets or other devices. There is a risk due to elevated thermal covering and mechanical
damage due to walking, furniture or operating material.
® The cables shall not be in direct or close contact with hot surfaces.

For further requirements please see HD 516 S2 pos. 4.4

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Boundary conditions

n Operating conditions
The used cables have to be appropriate for the corresponding operating conditions as well as for the device protection class.
Operating conditions are among others:
® Voltage
® Current
® Safety apparatus
® Cable accumulation
® Type of laying
® Accessibility

The used cables have to be appropriate for all possible external impacts.
External impacts are among others:
® Ambient temperature
® Rain
® Steam or water
® Presence of corrosive, polluting or other chemical bodies
® Mechanical stress (e.g. sharp edges of metal constructions)
® Animals (e.g. rodents)
® Plants (e.g. mould fungus)
® Radiation (e.g. solar radiation)
Note: In this connection it has to be considered that the colour is of greatest importance. The colour black offers much more
protection at radiation than all other colours.

n Voltages
The nominal voltage of a cable means the voltage for which the cable has been constructed and defines the electrical tests. The
nominal voltage is expressed in Volt by the relation of two values Uo/U; Uo is the r.m.s. value of the voltage between external
conductor and earth (metal sheathing of the cable or surrounding medium). U is the r.m.s. value between two external conductors
of a multi-core cable or of a system of mono-conductor cables. In a system of alternating current (a.c.), the nominal voltage of a
cable has to be at least equal to the values Uo and U of the system. In a system of direct-current (d.c.) the nominal voltage of
the system shall not be higher than 1.5 times of the nominal voltage of the cable.
Note: The operating voltage of a system is allowed to be continuously 10 % higher than the nominal voltage of the system.

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n Current-carrying capacity

The nominal cross section of each conductor has to be chosen that the current-carrying capacity is not smaller than the max.
constant current, passing the conductor under normal conditions. The limit temperatures to which the current-carrying capacity
refers to, shall not be exceeded for the insulation and sheath of the corresponding cable types. A defined condition is also the
type of laying of the used cable. This has to be considered for the determination of the allowed load currents. Conditions that
have to be considered are among others:

® Ambient temperature ® Cable accumulation ® Type of excess-current protection

® Heat insulation ® Wound up cables ® Current frequency (deviating from 50 Hz)

® Effects of harmonic waves

The current-carrying capacity is not the only criteria for choosing the cable section; furthermore, the requirements for the pro-
tection against harmful body currents, overload, short-circuit currents and voltage drop have to be considered. In case that cables
are used for a longer period with temperatures exceeding the allowed values, they can be damaged considerably leading to an
early failure and an important deterioration of its characteristics.

n Current-carrying capacity: Tables

(Extract from VDE 0298 T4 06/13 table: 11, 17, 18, 21, 26 and 27)

Current-carrying capacity, cables with a nominal voltage up to 1000 V and

heat resistant cables VDE 0298 T4 06/13 table 11, column 2 and 5
column 2 column 5
way of laying in air on or at surfaces
mono conductors multi conductor cables
(except for house or
handheld units)
- rubber insulated - rubber insulated
- PVC insulated - PVC insulated
- heat resistant - heat resistant
number of
charged conductors 1 2 or 3
Nominal section Capacity
0,75 mm2 15 A 12 A
1,00 mm2 19 A 15 A
1,50 mm2 24 A 18 A
2,50 mm2 32 A 26 A
4,00 mm2 42 A 34 A
6,00 mm2 54 A 44 A
10,00 mm2 73 A 61 A
16,00 mm2 98 A 82 A
25,00 mm2 129 A 108 A
35,00 mm2 158 A 135 A
50,00 mm2 198 A 168 A
70,00 mm2 245 A 207 A
95,00 mm2 292 A 250 A
120,00 mm2 344 A 292 A
150,00 mm2 391 A 335 A
185,00 mm2 448 A 382 A
240,00 mm2 528 A 453 A
300,00 mm2 608 A 523 A

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Conversion factors for Conversion factors for multi-core

deviating ambient temperatures cables with a nominal section up
VDE 0298 T4 06/13 table 15, to 10 mm2 VDE 0298 T4 06/13
column 4 1) table 26.
With installation in the open air.

Ambient Factor No.of the Factor

temperature loaded cores
10 °C 1,22 5 0,75
15 °C 1,17 7 0,65
20 °C 1,12 10 0,55
25 °C 1,06 14 0,50
30 °C 1,00 19 0,45
35 °C 0,94 24 0,40
40 °C 0,87 40 0,35
45 °C 0,79 61 0,30
50 °C 0,71
55 °C 0,61
60 °C 0,50
65 °C 0,35
1) for cables with a service temperature
1) of max. 70°C at the conductor

Conversion factors for deviating ambient temperatures for heat resistant cables
VDE 0298 T4 06/13 table 18, column 3 - 6
column 3 column 4 column 5 column 6
allowed operating temperature
90°C 110°C 135°C 180°C
ambient- conversion factors, to apply to the capacity of heat resistant cables
temperature in table 11, column 2 and 5.
up to 50 °C 1,00 1,00 1,00 1,00
55 °C 0,94 1,00 1,00 1,00
60 °C 0,87 1,00 1,00 1,00
65 °C 0,79 1,00 1,00 1,00
70 °C 0,71 1,00 1,00 1,00
75 °C 0,61 1,00 1,00 1,00
80 °C 0,50 1,00 1,00 1,00
85 °C 0,35 0,91 1,00 1,00
90 °C ----- 0,82 1,00 1,00
95 °C ----- 0,71 1,00 1,00
100 °C ----- 0,58 0,94 1,00
105 °C ----- 0,41 0,87 1,00
110 °C ----- ----- 0,79 1,00
115 °C ----- ----- 0,71 1,00
120 °C ----- ----- 0,61 1,00
125 °C ----- ----- 0,50 1,00
130 °C ----- ----- 0,35 1,00
135 °C ----- ----- ----- 1,00
140 °C ----- ----- ----- 1,00
145 °C ----- ----- ----- 1,00
150 °C ----- ----- ----- 1,00
155 °C ----- ----- ----- 0,91
160 °C ----- ----- ----- 0,82
165 °C ----- ----- ----- 0,71
170 °C ----- ----- ----- 0,58
175 °C ----- ----- ----- 0,41
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Conversion factors for the accumulation

on walls, in tubes and conduits, on the floor and at the ceiling
VDE 0298 T4 06/13 table 21

No. of multi-core cables Factor

(2 or 3 current-carrying cores)
1 1,00
2 0,80
3 0,70
4 0,65
5 0,60
6 0,57
7 0,54
8 0,52
9 0,50
10 0,48
12 0,45 The maximum current-carrying capacity
14 0,43 acc. to DIN VDE 0891 part 1, point 7
16 0,41 has to be considered for the application
18 0,39 of insulated cables in telecommunicati-
20 0,38 ons systems and data processing units.

Conversion factors for wound up cables VDE 0298 T4 06/13 table 27

1 2 3 4 5 6
no. of layers
1 2 3 4 5
on one drum
conversion factors 0,80 0,61 0,49 0,42 0,38
NOTE: for spiral winding the conversion factor of 0,80 is valid.

n Thermal influences
Cables have to be chosen, layed or installed in a way that the expected current heat emission is not impeded and thus does not
create any fire risk for adjacent materials. The limit temperatures of the individual cable types are shown in the catalogue. The in-
dicated values shall not be exceeded by the combined effects of internal current heat and environmental conditions.

n Mechanical stress
Any possible mechanical stress which could lead to a mechanical damage of the layed cable has to be considered before instal-
lation.

n Tensile load

The following values for the tensile load of each conductor shall not be exceeded. This is valid for a max. value of 1000 N for the
tensile load of each conductor, as far as no other deviating values have been accepted by S BRÖCKSKES.
50 N/mm2 for the installation of cables for fixed laying. 15 N/mm2 static tensile load for flexible cables and for fixed laying in case
that the cables are used for fixed installed electric circuits. Wherever those values are exceeded, it is recommended to use se-
parate strain relief elements or similar. The connection of such a strain relief element with the cable has to be executed without
damaging the cable. In case that flexible cables are exposed to dynamic tensile load (including tensile load due to mass reactance,
for example on unwinding spools), the allowed tensile load or the duration of wear of the cable have to be agreed upon by the
user and S BRÖCKSKES. Instructions for the vertical laying of cables without any intermediate fixing are shown under EN
50656-1 pos. 5.6.2.

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n Bending load

The inner bending radius of a cable has to be chosen in a way that any damage of the cable is avoided. The inner bending radii
for the different cable constructions are indicated in table 6 of HD 516. The choice of smaller bending radii than indicated in the
cable catalogue has to be agreed upon with S BRÖCKSKES.
The stripping of the cable sheath shall not cause any damage to the conductor as otherwise there will be a considerable dete-
rioration of the bending characteristics.
The indicated bending radii are valid for ambient temperatures of (20 ± 10) °C. For other ambient temperatures please contact
S BRÖCKSKES.
Bendings directly beside external of internal fixing points have to be avoided.

n Pressure stress

Any pressure causing a cable damage has to be avoided.

n Torsional stress

Flexible cables are generally not appropriate for torsional stress. In cases where torsional stress cannot be avoided, the construction
of the cable and the way of laying have to be agreed upon between the user and S BRÖCKSKES.

n Compatibility

For the choice and laying of cables the following points have to be considered:
® Mechanical and electrical impacts between adjacent electric circuits have to be avoided.
® Heat loss of cables or chemical/physical influences of the cable materials on adjacent materials, for example construction or
decoration materials, insulating tubes and fixing devices.
® The influence of the current heat on the conductor material and connections has to be considered.

For further indications please see tables 3A, 3B, 4A and 4B of HD 516.

n Room types

® Electric shops of the factory are rooms which are generally used for the operation of electric equipment and the access is only
allowed to instructed staff members, for example switch rooms.

® Closed electric shops are rooms which are only used for the operation of electric equipment and are generally locked up. The
access is only allowed for instructed staff members, for example closed switch and distribution systems.

® Dry rooms are rooms without any condensation water in which the air is not saturated with humidity, for example living rooms
and hotel rooms.

® Damp rooms are rooms in which the safety of the operational devices is affected by humidity, condensation water, chemical
or similar influences, for example in large kitchens.

General notes:
Rooms can only be classified in one of the above mentioned types by a careful inspection of the rooms and operational conditions.
If there is only much humidity in a certain area of a room but the room is nevertheless dry due to good ventilation, there is no
need to classify the room as a damp one.

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n Application in rooms and in the open air

General:
These terms have to be understood in connection with the boundary conditions (for example min. and max. operating tempera-
tures, influence of ambient temperatures) defined by the construction and the intended application. Terms for application types:
Application in rooms:
The cable is installed or connected to a device which is normally located in a building within ”a planned surrounding”. The building
can be used for business, industrial or living purposes.
Limited application in the open air:
The cable is appropriate for a short-time use in the open air, ”planned surrounding” for example lawn mower.
Permanent application in the open air:
The cable has been constructed for different conditions which can occur in the open air ”planned surrounding” (including different
weather conditions).

n Stress classification

The term ”stress“ describes the use of cables in certain areas, connected to or installed in devices and for certain combinations
of external influences which can occur in those areas. On the base of mechanical influences and general expressions the term
”stress“ has been divided into four categories:

1. Very light stress

Application areas, in which the risk of mechanical damage and stress is very small, for example electric razor

2. Light stress
Application areas, in which the risk of mechanical damage and stress is small, for example hair dryer.

3. Normal stress
Application areas, in which the cables are exposed to small mechanical stress and the risk for mechanical damage is
small, for example small stoves.

4. Heavy stress
Application areas, in which the risk of mechanical damage or mechanical stress is of medium impact, for example
machines on construction sites.

4a. Heavy stress (only multi-core cables)

Application as before, however in connection with parts of production systems including machine tools and manual
mechanical devices, for example in connection with switch boards of a production machine.

n Transport and storage

Cable and cords that are not intended for outdoor use must be stored in dry indoor rooms and must also be protected from ex-
posure to direct sunglight there. With outdoor stroage, the ends of cables and cords must be be closed off to prevent the entry
of moisture. The ambient temperature during transport and storage is to be in the range from -25°C to +55°C (max. +70°C for
not longer than 24 hours). Furthermore, the temperatures indicated in the tables of HD 516 have be considered for storage.
Especially in the range of low temperatures, mechanical loading by vibration, shock, bending and twisting is to be avoided.

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