Lipids: CH403 Gayod, Jianna

CH403 Gayod, Jianna
LIPIDS
- a heterogeneous class of naturally occurring organic compounds
classified together on the basis of common solubility properties TRIGLYCEROL REACTIVITY
- insoluble in water, but soluble in aprotic organic solvents including - TAG (triacylglycerol) when reacted with a base lke sodium or
diethyl ether, chloroform, methylene chloride, and acetone potassium hydroxide (lye) produce glycerol and a fatty acid
- are mixed bags of organic molecules that can be extracted from the salt called "soap." The triglycerides are most often animal fats
cell by organic solvents such as acetone, chloroform or vegetable oils.
- components of biological membranes energy storage, enzymes
cofactors, electron carriers, light absorbing pigments, hydrophobic
anchors, emulsifying agents, hormones, and intracellular
messengers
- Amphipathic in nature; having both hydrophobic and hydrophilic
component.
Lipids include:
 Open Chain forms
- fatty acids, triacylglycerols, sphingolipids, FATS VS OILS
phosphoacylglycerols, glycolipids, lipid-soluble vitamins, - The main difference between fats and oils is whether they are
prostaglandins, leukotrienes, and thromboxanes solid or liquid at room temperature
 Cyclic forms FATTY ACIDS
- cholesterol, steroid hormones, and bile acids - an unbranched-chain carboxylic acid, most commonly of 12 -
BEE STING 20 carbons, derived from hydrolysis of animal fats, vegetable
- Bee venom (BV) is a complex mixture of proteins, peptides, oils, or phosphodiacylglycerols of biological membranes
and low molecular components, and melittin is the main *Length of fatty acid plays a role in its chemical character
constituent. - Melting point increases with increasing C number
 Meltin – a 26 residue peptide that interacts with the membrane and - Usually contain even numbers of carbons
creates a leak the major pain-producing substance of bee venom, *Fatty acids that contain double bonded carbons (C=C) are
 Phospholipase A – a hydrolytic enzyme that damage the membrane unsaturated
- The greater the degree of saturation, the lower the melting
TRIACYLGLYCEROLS point
- also known as triglyceride - In unsaturated fatty acids, the stereochemistry at the double
- an ester of glycerol with three fatty bond is usually cis rather than trans. The difference between cis
acids and trans fatty acids is very important to their overall shape.
- natural soaps are prepared by boiling - A cis double bond puts a kink in the long-chain hydrocarbon
triglycerides (animal fats or vegetable tail, whereas the shape of a trans fatty acid is like that of a
oils) with NaOH, in a reaction called saturated fatty acid in its fully extended conformation.
saponification (Latin, sapo, soap)
CH403 Gayod, Jianna
- Typical saturated fatty acids are tightly packed together
- Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)

General structure of naturally occurring fatty acids - Are necessary fats that humans
1. Most fatty acids have an even number of carbon atoms cannot synthesize but must be
2. The hydrocarbon chain is almost always unbranched obtained through diet.
3. Most carbon-carbon bonds are single; however may contain - Long-chain of polyunsaturated
one or more carbon-carbon double bonds. fatty acids linolenic, linoleic, and
4. Double bonds are most often cis arachidonic acids
5. For monosaturated fatty acids, the double bond is usually
between carbons 9 and 10. SOAPS
6. If more than one carbon-carbon double bond is present they are - Soaps form water-insoluble salts when used in water
not conjugated but are separated by a methylene unit containing Ca(II), Mg(II), and Fe(III) ions (hard water)
- Reactions with acids/bases as catalysts
- Salt formed by saponification
* Saponification is a process by which triglycerides are
reacted with sodium or potassium hydroxide (lye) to
produce glycerol and a fatty acid salt called "soap." The
triglycerides are most often animal fats or vegetable oils.
When sodium hydroxide is used, a hard soap is produced
LIPASE
CH403 Gayod, Jianna
- A lipase is any enzyme that

catalyzes the hydrolysis of
fats. Lipases perform
essential roles in digestion,
transport and processing of
dietary lipids (e.g.
triglycerides, fats, oils) in
most, if not all, living organisms. In this slide, triacylglycerol is
hydrolyzed to glycerol and fatty acids.
TRANS FAT
- created in an
industrial process
that adds hydrogen to
liquid vegetable oils
to make them more WAX
solid. -
- Some fats and oils
are processed during
manufacturing
produces trans fats. They're in foods that use partially
hydrogenated vegetable fats, like deep-fried foods and baked
foods like biscuits, cakes, pastries and buns.

Lipids: CH403 Gayod, Jianna

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lipids: CH403 Gayod, Jianna

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Lipids: CH403 Gayod, Jianna

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

CH403 Gayod, Jianna

- Typical saturated fatty acids are tightly packed together

- Essential Fatty Acids (EFAs)

- A lipase is any enzyme that

You might also like