Designation: A 765/A 765M – 98a An American National Standard

AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR TESTING AND MATERIALS

100 Barr Harbor Dr., West Conshohocken, PA 19428
Reprinted from the Annual Book of ASTM Standards. Copyright ASTM

Standard Specification for

Carbon Steel and Low-Alloy Steel Pressure-Vessel-
Component Forgings with Mandatory Toughness
Requirements1
This standard is issued under the fixed designation A 765/A 765M; the number immediately following the designation indicates the year
of original adoption or, in the case of revision, the year of last revision. A number in parentheses indicates the year of last reapproval.
A superscript epsilon (e) indicates an editorial change since the last revision or reapproval.

1. Scope 2. Referenced Documents

1.1 This specification2 covers heat-treated carbon steel and 2.1 ASTM Standards:
alloy steel forgings with mandatory toughness requirements. A 275/A 275M Test Method for Magnetic Particle Exami-
These forgings are intended for pressure vessels, feedwater nation of Steel Forgings3
heaters, and similar uses. A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Testing
1.2 These forgings include tube sheets, covers, channel of Steel Products4
barrels, integral forged channels, rings, nozzles, flanges, and A 388/A 388M Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
similar parts. Heavy Steel Forgings3
1.3 All grades are considered weldable under proper condi- A 788 Specification for Steel Forgings, General Require-
tions. ments3
1.4 The maximum thickness of forgings produced to this E 112 Test Methods for Determining the Average Grain
specification is limited only by the capacity of the selected Size5
grade to respond to any heat treatment specified and to meet the E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Examination6
specified mechanical tests, including impact tests at the speci- 2.2 ASME Standards:
fied temperature. Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code7
1.5 Material supplied to this specification shall conform to
the requirements of Specification A 788, which outlines addi- 3. Ordering Information
tional ordering information, manufacturing requirements, test- 3.1 In addition to the ordering information requirements of
ing and retesting methods and procedures, marking, certifica- Specification A 788, a detailed sketch or written description of
tion, product analysis variations, and additional supplementary the forging and the method of selecting the test location (see
requirements. 6.2) should be supplied to the producer, when appropriate areas
1.6 If the requirements of this specification are in conflict of significant in-service loading of the forging need to be
with the requirements of Specification A 788, the requirements designated.
of this specification shall prevail. 3.2 The required impact test temperature should be supplied
1.7 The values stated in either inch-pound units or SI if different than the temperature listed in Table 1, otherwise the
[metric] units are to be regarded separately as the standard; impact test shall be conducted at the temperature listed in Table
within the text and tables, the SI units are shown in brackets. 1 for the chosen Grade.
The values stated in each system are not exact equivalents; 3.3 If a hubbed tube sheet is to be supplied for ASME Boiler
therefore, each system must be used independently of the other. and Pressure Code Application Supplementary Requirement
Combining values from the two systems may result in noncon- S12 of Specification A 788 should be specified.
formance with the specification.
1.8 Unless the order specifies the applicable “M” specifica- 4. Heat Treatment for Mechanical Properties
tion designation, the material shall be furnished to the inch- 4.1 Heat treatment shall consist of normalizing and temper-
pound units. ing, double normalizing and tempering, or quenching and

1
This specification is under the jurisdiction of ASTM Committee A-1 on Steel,
3
Stainless Steel, and Related Alloys, and is the direct responsibility of Subcommittee Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.05.
4
A01.06 on Steel Forgings and Billets. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 01.03.
5
Current edition approved Sept. 10, 1998. Published December 1998. Originally Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.01.
6
published as A 765 – 79. Last previous edition A 765 – 98. Annual Book of ASTM Standards, Vol 03.03.
2 7
For ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code applications see related Specifi- Available from American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 345 E. 47th St.,
cation SA–765/SA–765M in Section II of that code. New York, NY 10017.

1
 A 765/A 765M
TABLE 1 Charpy V-Notch Impact Requirements
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
(Classes 1 and 2)
Minimum average value of set of three specimens, ft-lbf (J) 13 [18] 15 [20] 15 [20] 26 [35]A 15 [20]
Minimum value of one specimen, ft-lbf (J) 10 [14] 12 [16] 12 [16] 20 [27]A 12 [16]
Test temperature of,B °F [°C] −20 [−30] −50 [−45] −150 [−100] −20 [−30] -75 [-60]
A
Mandatory conformance to the values listed is a matter of agreement between the purchaser and the manufacturer. The energy values above are shown for information
as to guarantees that are generally available.
B
Actual test temperature should be established at time of order. If no temperature is specified, tests will be made at test temperatures shown in this table.

tempering at the manufacturer’s option. the midthickness or the center of the cross section and with the
midlength of the specimen at least 2 in. [50 mm] from any
5. Chemical Requirements second surface.
5.1 Heat Analysis—The heat analysis obtained from sam- 6.2.2 Method 2—Grade I and Grade II forgings with thick-
pling in accordance with Specification A 788 shall comply with nesses greater than 2 in. up to 4 in. [50 to 100 mm] inclusive,
Table 2. or Grade III and IV forgings with thicknesses greater than 2 in.
5.2 Product Analysis—The purchaser may use the product up to 6 in. [50 to 150 mm] inclusive. The specimens shall have
analysis provision of Specification A 788 to obtain a product their longitudinal axis at least 1⁄4 T of maximum heat-treated
analysis from a forging representing each heat or multiple heat. thickness from any surface and with the midlength of the
specimen at least one T from any second surface. This is
6. Mechanical Requirements
normally referred to as 1⁄4 T by T when T is the maximum
6.1 General Requirements—The forgings shall conform to heat-treated thickness. A thermal buffer may be used to adhere
the tension test requirements of Table 3. The forgings shall also to the condition in 6.3. Unless otherwise agreed upon, the
conform to the impact test requirements of Table 1. The largest following limitation for heat-treated thickness shall apply:
obtainable round tension test specimen as specified in Test Grade in. [mm], min in. [mm], max
Methods and Definitions A 370 shall be used. Impact speci-
mens shall be Charpy V-notch, Type A, as in Test Methods and I 2 [50] 4 [100]
II 2 [50] 4 [100]
Definitions A 370. The usage of subsize impact specimens III 2 [50] 6 [150]
must have prior purchaser approval. IV 2 [50] 6 [150]
6.1.1 When agreed upon between the purchaser and the V 2 [50] 6 [150]
(Classes 1 and 2)
producer and specified on the order, impact tests may be made
at temperatures different from those shown in Table 1 provided 6.2.3 Method 3—For forgings thicker than described in
the test temperature is at least as low as the intended service Method 2 (6.2.2):
temperatures and the provided impact energy requirements of 6.2.3.1 Prior to heat treatment the forging shall be machined
Table 1 are met. Such forgings shall be suitably marked in to a purchaser supplied or approved drawing that indicates the
accordance with 8.1 to identify the test temperature. locations of significant in-service loading in the finished part.
6.2 Test Location—Test coupons shall be taken so that the The mechanical test specimens shall be located as an integral
longitudinal axis and mid-length of tension and impact test part of the forging such that the mid-point of the gauge length
specimens shall be positioned in accordance with one of the of the tension test specimen and the area under the notch of the
following methods: impact specimens are located no closer than the dimension t
6.2.1 Method 1—Forgings with 2 in. [50 mm] maximum from one heat treated surface and 2t from any other heat treated
thickness. The specimens shall have their longitudinal axis at surface where t is the dimension from the area of significant
loading to the heat treated surface, or 3⁄4 in. [20 mm] whichever
TABLE 2 Chemical Requirements is the greater.
Composition, % 6.2.4 Method 4—This method shall be limited to forgings
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V with a rough machined weight of not more than 1000 lb [455
Carbon, max 0.30 0.30 0.20 0.20 0.30 kg]. Separate test forging when agreed upon between the
Manganese 0.60 to 0.60 to 0.90 max 1.00–1.60 0.60–1.35 purchaser and the supplier. Test coupons representing forgings
1.05 1.35
Phosphorus, 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020
from one heat and one heat treatment lot may be taken from a
max separately forged piece under the following conditions:
Sulfur, max 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 0.020 6.2.4.1 The separate test forging shall be of the same heat of
Silicon 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15 to 0.15–0.50 0.15–0.35
0.35 0.35 0.35
material and shall be subjected to substantially the same
NickelA 0.50 max 0.50 max 3.3 to 3.8 0.50 max 1.0–2.0 reduction and working as the production forging it represents.
Vanadium, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.06 0.03 6.2.4.2 The separate test forging shall be heat treated in the
Aluminum, max 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05 0.05
Chromium,A 0.40 0.40 0.20 0.40 0.30 same furnace charge and under the same conditions as the
max production forging.
Molybdenum,A 0.25 0.25 0.06 0.25 0.12 6.2.4.3 The separate test forging shall be of the same
max
Copper, max 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 0.35 nominal thickness as the production forging.
A
Intentional additions of Cr, Mo, and Ni up to the specified maximum are 6.2.4.4 Test coupons for small forgings as described in
permitted to be made to Grades I, II, and IV by the manufacturer. Method 2 shall be taken so that specimens shall have their
2
 A 765/A 765M
TABLE 3 Tensile Requirements
Grade I Grade II Grade III Grade IV Grade V
Class 1 Class 2
Tensile strength, ksi [MPa] 60 to 85 70 to 95 70 to 95 80–105 60–85 70–95
[415 to 585] [485 to 655] [485 to 655] [550–725] [415– 585] [485–655]
A
Yield strength, in, ksi [MPa] 30 [205] 36 [250] 37.5 [260] 50 [345] 30 [205] 37.5 [260]
Elongation in 2 in. [50 mm], 25 22 22 22 25 22
min, %
Reduction of area, min, % 38 30 35 30 38 35
A
0.2 % offset or 0.5 % total extension underload method.

longitudinal axes at the region midway between midthickness pyrometers so that complete heat-treatment records are avail-
and the surface and with the midlength of the specimens no able, a heat-treatment charge shall be considered as any
nearer any heat-treated edge than a distance equal to the continuous run not exceeding an 8-h duration.
forging thickness except when the thickness-to-length ratio of 6.6.2 Forging Weighing 500 to 10 000 lb [230 to 4500 kg]
the production forging does not permit, in which case a As-Heat Treated—One tension and one impact test (three
production forging shall be used as the test forging and the specimens) shall be made for each forging.
midlength of the specimens shall be at the midlength of the test 6.6.3 Each forging weighing over 10 000 lb [4500 kg] shall
forging. require two tension tests and two impact tests (three speci-
6.2.4.5 Test coupons for larger forgings shall be taken in mens). When the length (excluding prolongs) is equal to or less
accordance with Method 3 (6.2.3). than 11⁄2 times the diameter, the tests may be taken from one
6.3 Metal Buffers—The required distances from treated end of the forging with a tension test and one set of impact tests
surfaces may be obtained with metal buffers instead of integral at each of two locations oriented 180° apart. When the length
extensions. Buffer material may be carbon or low-alloy steel, (excluding prolongs) is greater than 11⁄2 times the diameter, one
and shall be joined to the forging with a partial penetration tension test and one set of impact tests must be taken from each
weld that seals the buffered surface. Specimens shall be located location from opposite ends of the forging and the locations on
at 1⁄2 in. [13 mm] minimum from the buffered surface of the each end should be oriented 180° apart from each other.
forging. Buffers shall be removed and the welded areas
subjected to magnetic particle test to assure freedom from 7. Repair Welding
cracks unless the welded areas are completely removed by 7.1 Repair welding, as permitted by the purchaser, shall be
subsequent machining. performed in accordance with the ASME Boiler and Pressure
6.4 Samples shall be removed from forgings after heat Vessel Code.
treatments. This sample material shall be subjected to a
simulated post-weld heat treatment if Supplementary Require- 8. Product Marking
ment S6 is specified.
6.5 Test Orientation: 8.1 The test temperature, if different from that given in
6.5.1 For upset disk forgings such as tube sheets the Table 1, shall be marked on the forging as a suffix to the Grade
longitudinal axis of test specimens may be oriented in the and Class designation. A prefix of 0 to the test temperature
radial or tangential direction, or parallel to the axis of the indicates that the temperature was under 0°F, or 0°C if the M
forging, as shown in Supplementary Requirement S12 of designation specification is being used. For example, A765-11-
Specification A 788. 075 would indicate that the impact testing for Grade 11 was
6.5.2 For all other forgings the longitudinal axis of test done at -75°F instead of -50°F. A marking of A765M-11-10
specimens may be oriented parallel to the direction of maxi- would indicate that the impact testing was done at 10°F for a
mum hot working of the forging. Grade 11 forging. For forgings tested under the M designation
6.6 Number of Tests: an example would be A765M-11-060 for a Grade 11 forging
6.6.1 Forgings Under 500 lb [230 kg] As Treated—For tested at -60°C or A765M-11-10 for a Grade 11 forging tested
duplicate forgings weighing less than 500 lb as treated, one at 10°C.
tension test and one impact test (three specimens) shall be
made to represent each heat in each heat-treatment charge. 9. Keywords
When heat treatment is performed in continuous-type furnaces 9.1 alloy steel forgings; carbon steel forgings; heat-treated;
with suitable temperature control and equipped with recording impact tested; pressure vessel; weldable

3
 A 765/A 765M
SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

One or more of the following supplementary requirements shall apply only when specified by the
purchaser in the order. Details of these supplementary requirements shall have been previously
negotiated and mutually agreed to between the forging manufacturer and the purchaser.

S1. Product Analysis facturer with details of the desired heat treatment for the test
S1.1 The manufacturer shall use the product analysis pro- coupons, including temperatures, times, and cooling rates.
vision of Specification A 788 to obtain a product analysis from S7. Vacuum Treatment
a forging representing each heat or multiple heat. S7.1 The molten steel shall be vacuum treated prior to or
S2. Grain Size during the pouring of the melt. Unless otherwise agreed upon
with the purchaser, it is the responsibility of the manufacturer
S2.1 The forgings, subsequent to the final heat treatment,
to select suitable process procedures subject to the following
shall have prior austenitic grain size of 5 or finer as determined
requirements:
by the McQuaid-Ehn Test (Test Methods E 112).
S7.1.1 When the vacuum stream degassing is used, the
S3. Impact Transition Curve vacuum system must be of sufficient capacity to effect a
blank-off pressure low enough (usually less than 1000 µm Hg)
S3.1 Sufficient impact tests shall be made from the forging
to break up the normal tight, rope-like stream of molten metal
test material to establish a temperature versus absorbed-energy
into a wide-angled conical stream of relatively small droplets.
curve. The test temperature range shall be wide enough to
The capacity of the system must also be sufficiently high to
establish the upper and the lower shelf foot-pound-force (or
reduce the initial surge pressure at the start of the pour to a low
joules) energies, with sufficient testing at intermediate tempera-
level within 2 min.
tures to permit plotting a reasonably smooth curve.
S7.1.2 When the vacuum-lift process is utilized, the molten
S4. Magnetic Particle Examination metal shall be drawn into the evacuated vessel a sufficient
number of times to assure thorough mixing and degassing of
S4.1 All accessible surfaces of the finished forging shall be
the entire volume of metal. The evacuation system shall be
examined by a magnetic particle method. This method shall be
capable of reducing the pressure surges which occur each time
in accordance with Test Method A 275/A 275M.
a new portion of steel is admitted to the vessel to increasingly
S4.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified.
lower levels until a blank-off pressure of less than 1000 µm Hg
S5. Liquid Penetrant Examination is achieved, thus signifying the end of the degassing treatment.
S5.1 All surfaces shall be examined by a liquid penetrant S8. Ultrasonic Examination
method. The method shall be in accordance with Practice S8.1 Forgings shall be ultrasonically examined in accor-
E 165. dance with the procedures of Practice A 388/A 388M.
S5.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified. S8.2 Acceptance criteria shall be specified.
S6. Simulated Post-Weld Heat Treatment of Mechanical S9. Special Tension Specimens for Hubbed Flanges and
Test Samples Tube Sheets
S6.1 All test coupons shall be subjected to single or multiple S9.1 For forged-hub tube sheets and flanges to be used in
heat treatments at subcritical temperatures prior to testing. ASME Code stamped vessels, a tension specimen shall be
Such treatments are intended to simulate post-weld or other taken as close to the hub as possible. The longitudinal axis of
treatments to which the forgings will be subjected during the specimen shall be parallel to the length of the hub (see Fig.
subsequent fabrication. The purchaser shall furnish the manu- UW 13.3, ASME Code Section VIII/1).

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This standard is subject to revision at any time by the responsible technical committee and must be reviewed every five years and
if not revised, either reapproved or withdrawn. Your comments are invited either for revision of this standard or for additional standards
and should be addressed to ASTM Headquarters. Your comments will receive careful consideration at a meeting of the responsible
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