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    Where Are The Lichens Found?: How Silk Is Produced From Silkworm?

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    Raj Sharma
    Lichens are composite organisms formed from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides structure and protects the algae or cyanobacteria, while the algae or cyanobacteria conducts photosynthesis to produce food for both organisms. Lichens can live in a wide range of habitats from polar regions to tropical forests as they only need clean air, and they play an important role in building soil and trapping nutrients.

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    Where Are The Lichens Found?: How Silk Is Produced From Silkworm?

    Uploaded by

    Raj Sharma
    33 views2 pages
    Lichens are composite organisms formed from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides structure and protects the algae or cyanobacteria, while the algae or cyanobacteria conducts photosynthesis to produce food for both organisms. Lichens can live in a wide range of habitats from polar regions to tropical forests as they only need clean air, and they play an important role in building soil and trapping nutrients.

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    Lichens are composite organisms formed from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides structure and protects the algae or cyanobacteria, while the algae or cyanobacteria conducts photosynthesis to produce food for both organisms. Lichens can live in a wide range of habitats from polar regions to tropical forests as they only need clean air, and they play an important role in building soil and trapping nutrients.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    33 views2 pages

    Where Are The Lichens Found?: How Silk Is Produced From Silkworm?

    Uploaded by

    Raj Sharma
    Lichens are composite organisms formed from the symbiotic relationship between fungi and algae or cyanobacteria. The fungus provides structure and protects the algae or cyanobacteria, while the algae or cyanobacteria conducts photosynthesis to produce food for both organisms. Lichens can live in a wide range of habitats from polar regions to tropical forests as they only need clean air, and they play an important role in building soil and trapping nutrients.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
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    Lichens are composite organisms that are formed as a result of the

    association of one or two races of fungi (ascomycetes or basidiomycetes)


    and algae whether green algae or blue green algae (cyanobacteria). The
    fungal components of lichen are known as mycobiont and that of algae
    phycobiont. The two components remain mutually in such a way that they
    make the same thallus and behave like a single organism or we can say
    that Lichens are complex plants, living in symbiotic relationships with
    fungus and algae. The dominant partner is the fungus, which gives the
    lichen the majority of its characteristics, from its thallus shapes to its
    fruiting bodies.
    Where are the Lichens found?
    Lichens grow in various places like bark of tree, walls, rocks, gravestones,
    roofs and soil, etc. They are also found in the ranges from the edges of
    the sea to the highest peak of the mountains. But in tropical forests, they
    are found in abundance or we can say that lichens can live in a wide
    range of locations and climates from the Polar Regions to the tropics. For
    growth they need clean air and so have beneficial effects on ecosystem.
    Types of Lichens
    The main types of lichens are crustose, foliose and fruticose.
    - Crustose lichens form crust over rocks, soil, tree barks or on roofs.
    Mostly they are found in greyish-green colour but may be in yellow or red
    also. They form rough patches and attach firmly on the surface.
    - Foliose lichens are flat but are convoluted or in leafy form. Mostly they
    grow in layers with different upper and lower surface.
    - Fruticose lichens are hair like structures mostly found hanging from
    trees. They are upright without any differences in upper and lower
    surface.
    How Silk is produced from Silkworm?
    Why are lichens important for the environment?

    Source: www.lichen.com
    - They have the ability to separate the minerals by eroding rocks.
    Therefore, they also grow on empty rocks. Because of its death and
    dissolution, there becomes a fold of mineral and organic matter on which
    other plants can grow. Thus, they produce suitable conditions for other
    plants to grow on rocks.
    - In the Tundra regions, lichens are available in abundance.
    - They also contribute in the formation of soil by enriching it by trapping
    water, dust and silt. Also, when lichens die they contribute organic matter
    to the soil, which further improves the quality of the soil so that more
    plants can grow.
    - Lichen also plays an important role in fixing nitrogen. Due to their
    cooperation with algae, lichens are capable of converting nitrogen from
    the air into nitrate, which leads to their development. This conversion of
    nitrogen impacts the ecosystem because when it rains, nitrates are
    leached from lichens and is used by soil-based plants.
    - Lichen needs clean air to grow. They are not able to tolerate pollution.
    Therefore, to grow they absorb everything from the air including carbon
    dioxide and heavy metals. Scientists can determine the level of air
    pollution in the area with the help of lichens and if lichens are dying in
    one site due to harmful pollution, it can be considered as the initial
    warning or signal that the level of pollution is increasing at that place.
    Nature of association between the Mycobiont and the Phycobiont
    According to Biologists, lichen thallus is an example of mutual symbiosis.
    In lichens, algae supplies food to the fungus. In return, fungus protects
    algae; provide water, nitrogen substance and mineral salts.

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