LA CONSOLACION COLLEGE-CALOOCAN

A. Mabini Street, 10th Avenue, Caloocan City

Senior High School Department

S.Y. 2020-2021

GRADE 12 PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

MODULE 2: QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

I. INTRODUCTION:

Quantitative research is defined as a systematic investigation of phenomena by

gathering quantifiable data and performing statistical, mathematical, or computational
techniques. Quantitative research collects information from existing and potential
customers using sampling methods and sending out online surveys, online polls,
questionnaires, etc., the results of which can be depicted in the form of numerical. After
careful understanding of these numbers to predict the future of a product or service and
make changes accordingly.

An example of quantitative research is the survey conducted to understand the

amount of time a doctor takes to tend to a patient when the patient walks into the
hospital. A patient satisfaction survey template can be administered to ask questions
like how much time did a doctor takes to see a patient, how often does a patient walks
into a hospital, and other such questions.

Quantitative outcome research is mostly conducted in the social sciences using

the statistical methods used above to collect quantitative data from the research study.
In this research method, researchers and statisticians deploy mathematical frameworks
and theories that pertain to the quantity under question.

Quantitative research templates are objective, elaborate, and many times, even
investigational. The results achieved from this research method are logical, statistical,
and unbiased. Data collection happened using a structured method and conducted on
larger samples that represent the entire population.

II. MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING COMPETENCY/ IES:

 Familiarization with Vocabulary terms
 Usage of learned words for communication oral or written
 Distinguished between qualitative and quantitative research
 Formulation of quantitative research questions
 Accurate explanation of quantitative research
 Creating quantitative research questions

III. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES:

The following objectives are expected to be attained by the learners at the end of
this module:

 Familiarize themselves with vocabulary terms to clarify things about quantitative

research
 Communicate with others using the newly learned vocabulary terms
 Speculate about quantitative research
  Define quantitative research accurately
 Compare and contrast qualitative and quantitative research based on some
criteria or standards
 Draw distinctions between a qualitative question from a quantitative question
 Ask questions any quantitative research seeks to answer
 Analyze the power of print media or electronic devices to trigger off students
quantitative questioning

IV. LESSON INPUT:

A. Teacher’ Lecture in the form of a PowerPoint Presentation.

B. PowerPoint Presentation that will be uploaded via google drive or via email or via
group chat agreed upon by the class.
C. Other Sources:

a. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cwU8as9ZNlA(Overview of Quantitative
Research Methods)
b. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RYmLE8UqCXU(Qualitative & Quantitative Research -
An Introduction)
c. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n1Ky8c45_1c (Basic Quantitative Research Overview)

V. LEARNING ACTIVITIES:

A. FACE-TO- FACE MEETING:

1. The students will listen to the discussion about Concept Discovery that
includes the following information’s:

A. DEFINITION OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative Research involves the use of computational, statistical, and
mathematical tools to derive results. It is conclusive in its purpose as it tries to
quantify the problem and understand how prevalent it is by looking for projectable
results to a larger population. On the other hand, qualitative research is generally
more explorative, a type of research that is dependent on the collection of verbals,
behavioral or observational data that can be interpreted in a subjective manner. It
has a wide scope and is typically used to explore the causes of potential problems
that may exist. Qualitative research typically provides insights on several aspects of
a marketing problem. It often either precede or be conducted after quantitative
research, depending on the study’s objectives.
Companies who use quantitative research rather than qualitative are typically
looking to measure extent and looking for statistical results that are interpreted
objectively. While the results of qualitative research can vary according to the skills
of observer, the results of quantitative research are interpreted in an almost similar
manner by all experts.
Both types of research vary widely in not only their results, but all other aspects
as well. The data collection tools for a quantitative research are surveys and
experiments.
Experiments can provide specific results regarding the cause-and-effect
relationship of several independent or interdependent factors related to a particular
problem.
 The most common approach to doing quantitative market research is a survey or
questionnaire. Surveys can include interviews, which can be carried out using
several different methodologies including face-to-face, telephone, online or computer
assisted interviews.

B. CHARACTERISTICS OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

1. Large Sample Size

The first and foremost characteristic of quantitative research is the

large sample size to conduct research. Quantitative research is done on a
large number of audiences to ensure reliability. The sample size used in
quantitative research represents the whole target market.
Because of this characteristic of quantitative research, most
organizations prefer to invest in quantitative research rather than investing
in qualitative research

2. Structured Research Methods

Structural research methods like questionnaires, polls, and surveys are

used to conduct quantitative research. In-depth information about the
preferences of the audience can be drawn using these structured research
methods.

3. Highly Reliable Outcome

The outcome of quantitative research methods is quite reliable, as
participants of the research face close-ended questions. Therefore, there
are fewer chances of getting vague information or wrong information from
the participants.

Quantitative research methods are used for industrial research

purposes because of its reliability. Moreover, the Outcome of quantitative
research is easy to understand and explain.

The researchers present the outcome of the research to get the

approval of the management, and management can understand this
information quickly because it is represented in the form of tables and
graphs.

4. Reusable Outcome

Another characteristic of quantitative research is that the outcome

of quantitative research can be used multiple times. Data collected for one
research purpose can be used for the prior study of another research
problem.

Sometimes, researchers make the use of the outcome of research

for similar research problems, which reduces the expense and time
required for conducting research. For example, if you have researched
how much money a man will be willing to pay to buy an electronic gadget.
You can use the output of the previous study to get a reliable
answer to the research problem of how much a man will be willing to pay
to buy an earphone. In this way, the outcome of the previous research
problem is used to support the output of new but related research
problems.

5. Close-ended questions

Another characteristic of quantitative research is close-ended

questions. Close-ended question’s answers are more specific and right to
the question than the open-ended questions. Responses to open-ended
questions are more detailed and scattered, and it requires real skills to
pick out the answers that you need.
Moreover, responses to Close-ended questions are more reliable
than the answers to questions of open-ended questions. In addition to this,
people also prefer to answer close-ended questions than open-ended
questions for various reasons. The followings are a few examples of
close-ended questions.

1. How often do you shop online?

2. How often do you pay for the subscription of a mobile app?
3. How much are you ready to pay to buy a women’s health
magazine?

The answer to the above questions would be in numerical form,

which can be used to derive meaningful conclusions.

6. Numerical Outcome

The outcome of quantitative research is always in numerical form.

For example, the result of research can be represented in percentage,
range of numbers.

A numerical output is easy to read and understand, and it is easy to

deduce a conclusion from the numerical outcome than a detailed result.

7. Generalization of Outcome

The outcome of quantitative research can be generalized easily for

the whole population. The reason behind this is that quantitative research
is conducted on a large sample of the population.

A decision can be taken for the entire population based on the

outcome of the sample population.

8. Prior study

The outcome of quantitative research can be used for a previous

study of another research. Many scholars and researchers’ study and
analyze the outcome of previous research to establish their research
hypothesis or research problem.

The results of quantitative research are more reliable than

qualitative research and can be used easily to deduce conclusions.
C. CLASSIFICATION OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

While there are many types of quantitative research designs, they generally
fall under one of two umbrellas: experimental research and non-experimental
research. Experimental research designs are what many lay-people think of when
they think of research; they typically involve the manipulation of variables and
random assignment of participants to conditions. A traditional experiment may
involve the comparison of a control group to an experimental group who receives a
treatment (i.e., a variable is manipulated). When done correctly, experimental
designs can provide evidence for cause and effect. Because of their ability to
determine causation, experimental designs are the gold-standard for research in
medicine, biology, and so on. However, such designs can also be used in the “soft
sciences,” like social science. Experimental research has strict standards for control
within the research design and for establishing validity. These designs may also be
very resource and labor intensive. Additionally, it can be hard to justify the
generalizability of the results in a very tightly controlled or artificial experimental
setting. However, if done well, experimental research methods can lead to some
very convincing and interesting results.
Non-experimental research, on the other hand, can be just as interesting, but you
cannot draw the same conclusions from it as you can with experimental research.
Non-experimental research is usually descriptive or correlational, which means that
you are either describing a situation or phenomenon simply as it stands, or you are
describing a relationship between two or more variables, all without any interference
from the researcher. This means that you do not manipulate any variables (e.g.,
change the conditions that an experimental group undergoes) or randomly assign
participants to a control or treatment group. Without this level of control, you cannot
determine any causal effects. While validity is still a concern in non-experimental
research, the concerns are more about the validity of the measurements, rather than
the validity of the effects.
So, how do you choose between the two designs? This will depend on your topic,
your available resources, and desired goal. For example, do you want to see if a
particular intervention relieves feelings of anxiety? The most convincing results for
that would come from a true experimental design with random sampling and random
assignment to groups. Ultimately, this is a decision that should be made in close
collaboration with your advisor. Therefore, I recommend discussing the pros and
cons of each type of research, what it might mean for your personal dissertation
process, and what is required of each design before making a decision.
D. IMPORTANCE OF QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH
Quantitative research offers details about the objectives of the study that is
taking place and how will it be achieved so that an informed assessment of the
methods to obtain results of the research problem can also be done.
The importance of quantitative research is that it offers tremendous help in
studying samples and populations. It discusses in detail relevant questions, for
instance, where did the data come from, where are the existing gaps in the data,
how robust is it and what were the exclusions within the data research.  It is vital to
note the process for their selection and describe the methods and tools that are
being used by the researcher to collect the information.
 The quantitative research identifies variables that are being measured, gives
a detailed description of the applicable method that is used in obtaining relevant
data, notes down important criteria about the fact that the data was already in
existence or the researcher gathered himself.
Remember to mention details and describe what type of instrument was used
in the data collection and why, if the researcher was collecting it. Mention any
limitations or discrepancies in the methods used for data collection if any. The
importance of quantitative research in methodology is that it helps to describe the
process or method for both processing and analyzing of data in detail, specific
instruments used for studying the research objective and the type of software used
in the manipulation of existing data.
In the quantitative method, the findings of the research are written in a precise
form that is entirely objective. The non-textual elements like charts, tables and
graphs are there that they are used to add to the overall description of the available
result. It also clarifies important points so that the reader can understand the data
and information in a better manner.
E. QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH vs QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

When collecting and analyzing data, quantitative research deals with numbers
and statistics, while qualitative research deals with words and meanings. Both are
important for gaining different kinds of knowledge.
Quantitative research is expressed in numbers and graphs. It is used to test
or confirm theories and assumptions. This type of research can be used to establish
generalizable facts about a topic.
Common quantitative methods include experiments, observations recorded
as numbers, and surveys with closed-ended questions.
Qualitative research is expressed in words. It is used to understand concepts,
thoughts or experiences. This type of research enables you to gather in-depth
insights on topics that are not well understood.
Common qualitative methods include interviews with open-ended questions,
observations described in words, and literature reviews that explore concepts and
theories.
Quantitative and qualitative research use different research methods to
collect and analyze data, and they allow you to answer different kinds of research
questions.
TABLE OF COMPARISON

STANDARDS QUALITATIVE QUANTITATIVE

Mental survey of Results from social interaction Exists in the physical world
reality
Cause-effect Explained by people’s objective Revealed by automatic
relationships desires descriptions of circumstances or
conditions
Researchers Subjective; sometimes Objective; least involvement by
involvement with the personally engaged the researcher
object or subject of
the study
Expression of data, Verbal language (words, visuals, Numerals, statistics
data analysis and objects)
findings
 Research plan Takes place as the research Plans all research aspects before
proceeds gradually collecting data
Behavior towards Desires to preserve the natural Control or manipulation of
research setting of research lectures research condition by the
aspects/conditions researcher
Obtaining knowledge Multiply methods Scientific method

Makes social intentions Evaluates objective and examine

Purpose understandable cause-effect relationships
Data-analysis Thematic codal ways Mathematically based methods
technique competence based
Style of expression Personal lacks formality Impersonal, scientific or
systematic
Sampling Technique More inclined to purposive Random sampling as the most
sampling or use of chosen preferred
samples based on some criteria

B. ONLINE INTERACTION
1. The teacher will explain to the students how to improve vocabulary words
considering a term underline in the given phrase that serve as a clue to which
they are not familiar with and they will be asked to give its meaning
2. PowerPoint presentation and lectures will be sent via google drive, group chat,
email of leaders so that the students can also download or share the files made
by the teacher.

3. Similar activities, as what were indicated for face-to-face discussion, will be done
by the students. However, their answer will be sent via email or private message
to the teacher.
4. After explaining the PowerPoint presentation, the student will be asked about the
concept /topic given by the teacher.
a. What is the meaning of the underline words based from the given
descriptions?
b. What word will make the given sentence correct considering the given
clues?
c. What are the similarities and differences of qualitative and quantitative
research based on their understanding?
d. What are the characteristics of quantitative research?
e. Formulate quantitative research questions considering given topics.
5. Other sources to be watched by the students.
a. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ET4c7hiRgbM
b. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TwI_3LA0G_Y
c. https://www.iscpresearch.org/resources/videos/qualitative-vs-quantitative
d. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FuVGo3AJhqA

VI. ASSESSMENT:

CHECK YOUR UNDERSTANDING

A. Concept Linkers
Activity 1 : vocabulary Improvement
Directions: To acquire substantial knowledge on topics in this lesson, activate
your schemata about the underline word in each sentence. Get clues from its use
in the given sentence and write the definition of the sentence based from its
usage in the given sentence.
 1. Demonstrate through a hand gesture the magnitude of the screen that
you think is enough to block the window.
Meaning:________________________________________________

2. It looks Malaysians are analogous to Filipinos, but in language; they

are not.

Meaning:________________________________________________
3. Please use precise words to explain your point for the listeners quick
understanding of your ideas.

Meaning:________________________________________________

4. The plastic bag becomes inflated with much air blown into it; deflated
with all released from such container.

Meaning:________________________________________________
5. A person experiences moral instability if he does not pattern his life
after Jesus Christ the way the truth and the life.

Meaning:________________________________________________

Activity 2 : Vocabulary Words

Directions : Have a dialog with members of your groupmates regarding your approved
topic. Use the newly learned words in your conversation and write the result of your
conversation.

Image Intensifier
Which between these two sets is easier or quicker to understand. Justify your
answer.

SET A - Ninety five percent (95%) of the examinees passed the licensure exams.
Twenty pages of the book contain grammatically incorrect sentences.
SET B - A big number of examinees passed the licensure exams .
Several pages of the book contain grammatically incorrect sentences.
B. Concept Explanation.
Activity 1
Directions: Circle the letter of the correct word to complete the sentence.
1. You tend to inflate something in a qualitative research because your
_______.
 a. objective views c. personal traits
b. teachers influence d. mathematical skills
2. This line , “ The truth is our there” is true for _______.
a. Qualitative research c. all research designs
b. Quantitative research d. any research types
3. People inclined to doing a quantitative research wants to discover truth in
_______.
a. An exact manner c. an indirect way
b. A careful way d. a personal way
4. Some think of quantitative research as complex because of the use of
_______
a. Hypothesis c. factual data
b. numerical data d. theories
5. A quantitative research presents research design findings in this number
_______.
a. Many prefer to study with textbooks
b. Students find textbooks indispensable or necessary
c. Perhaps, 30% consider textbook unnecessary in their studies
d. Out of 100 college students, 90 find textbooks beneficial to
their studies.

Activity 2

Directions: Work by threes or by pairs considering the following activities.

1. Ask each other questions about quantitative and qualitative research. Or do a
guessing game in which you describe something in relation to a research type
and let your groupmates identify the idea being referred to. Be sure you know
the right identification of your descriptions or answers to your questions as these
are your basis to determine the correctness of the given answer. Record points
gather from the activity. Practice honesty. Note each should ask at least 5
questions.

2. Formulate a quantitative research question about each of the following topics:

a. Gender (Male and Female)
b. Learning Styles (visual, audio, kinesthetic etc..)
c. Philippine transportation system ( MRT, LRT, buses, FX, jeeps, TAXI, etc..)
d. Communication media (TV, Newspaper, cellphones, email, Facebook,
Tweeter, etc…)
e. Public Order and Safety ( Labor Strikes, crime, drug addiction, robbery, etc…)

C. Concept Elaboration
Directions: Consider your groupings formulate quantitative research questions
out of the given qualitative questions.

1.Which of these expressions serves as the favorite of teenagers nowadays .OMG! My

gosh, Oh, yak, Hey, you! My golly, Oh My!.

2.At which part of PDuts speech did the audience express their appreciation through
rising from their seats?
3. How did the Miss Universe contestants answer questions pertaining to climate
change?

4.In which country do OFWs work?

5.Which social media networking activity is the most favorable among Filipino college
students?

6.What kind of pick-up lines did the lady Senator utter in front of the graduates?

7.What stand did the student leaders express about their school’s new policy on
tardiness and absences of students?

8. What reasons did the senators give about the arrest of the suspected drug lords?

9. Which shopping Mail do people love to spend the most of their shopping time?

10. What noontime TV program ranks as the most watched programs all over the
Philippines?

D. Concept-Learning Assessment
Write a short essay about the things you learned the most and the least through
the topics dealt with in this lesson. Give your essay an interesting title.
E. CONCEPT Transformation
Ponder on the headlines of big newspapers in town or on TV programs; then
create quantitative questions about the headlines. Submit your question to your
leader for tabulation. Leader submit the table of their answers using my email.