Rizal in London < Spent Christmas with Beckett family in

May 1888- March 1889- Rizal live in London to Primerose Hill

copy, study and made annotations of Dr. Gertrude-one of Beckett girls who gets
Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas infatuated with him but Rizal was still faithful to
(Events in the Philippine Islands), rare copy kept Leonor Rivera
in British Museum <Hurriedly left London for Paris in March 1889
< Complete annotating Morga’s book and wrote
articles in La Solidaridad Rizal’s Writing in London
<Stayed as guest at house of Dr. Antonio Ma.
Wrote La Vision de ray Rodriguez-
Regidor, exile of 1872, law practitioner
demonstrated knowledge of religion
May- moved to No.37 Chalcot Crescent,
Letter “To the Young Women of Malolos”,
Primerose Hill
request of Marcelo H. del Pilar to praise young
Mr. Beckett- organist of St. Paul Cathedral
women of Malolos for courage and effort to
where he pay 2 pounds sterling a week
establish school to learn Spanish
Dr. Reinhold Rost- librarian at India office,
4 important points of his letter:
authority on Malayan customs;
1 Filipino mother should teach their children
Good and Bad News
love of God, country, fellowmen
Bad news 2 Filipino mothers should be glad and honored
1 exile of his brother in law, denied a Christian like Spartan mothers to offer their sons in
burial defense of the country
2 Arbitrary arrest and imprisonment of 3 Filipino women should know how to protect
Laureano Viado- Sto. Tomas medical student their dignity and honor
who was found a possession of copy of Noli me 4. Filipino women should educate themselves
Tangere 5. Faith is not only reciting prayers, wearing
religious picture but living the real Christian way
3. Continued Calamba Agrarian problem where
with good moral and conduct
the tenants including Rizal’s family were being
Dr. Rost- specialized on Asian Studies and
persecuted by Spanish authorities
Culture; editor of Trubner’s Record, request
Good News from Mariano Ponce that Father
Rizal to contribute articles for publication
Vicente Garcia- old Filipino theologian and
Rizal wrote “Specimens of Tagal Folkfore” and
philosopher wrote able defense of his Noli
“Two Eastern Fables” for Dr. Rost
against attack of Fr. Rodriguez
Specimens of Tagal Folkfore- Filipino proverbs
Bibliotheque Nacionale- library in Paris where and puzzles
he search for any old books on the Philippines Two Eastern Fables- comparative study of
Juan Luna and wife- tendered him with a party Philippines and Japanese folkfore
where all Filipinos in Paris were present January 12,1889- Rizal organized Asociacion
December 11- flying trip to Madrid and Hispano- Filipina
Barcelona to survey condition of his
Spanish- Filipino Association
countrymen.
Objective was reforms Propaganda Movements
Mariano Ponce and Marcelo H. del Pilar- pillars initiated
of La Solidaridad and Propaganda Movement Don Miguel Morayta- president, Spanish
professor
Christmas in London Gen. Felipe de las Cone- vice-president
Dr. Domindor Gomez-secretary Blumentritt- wrote prologue commending Rizal
Graciano Lopez Jaena- editor od Propaganda for intellectual scholarship

Dimasalang and Laong Laan- pen name of Rizal Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas- excellent
in La Solidaridad and inspirational piece of historiography; best
of many histories of the Philippines
Rizal left in London
Romance with Adelina
<Left London so Gertrude Beckett may forget
him Adelina- young talented, quiet and unaffected
< Curved sculptural works “Promethus Bound”, lady with refined manners,
“The Triumph of Death over Life”, “The Boustead couple- has two daughters Nelly, the
Triumph of Science over Death”, composite older and Adelina, the younger
curving of beautiful faces of three Beckett < Rizal and Antonio Luna visit Boustead family in
sisters Paris

< Triumph of Death over Life and Triumph of Nelly- infatuated with Rizal but because he
Science Over Death were given to Blumentritt loved Adelina, he did not even show any sign of
as gifts affection for Nelly
<Curved of Beckett sisters faces- given to < Luna had strong feelings for Nelly but Nelly
Beckett family as farewell gifts did have any iota of love for him
< Luna become jealous of Rizal because Nelly
In Paris
was obviously inlove with Rizal
< Arrive two months before the opening of
< Luna challenged Rizal to duel but fortunately
International Exposition to commemorate
the matter was settled by their friends
French Independence
Saddest episode of his life- news of impending
< Proposed formation of International
marriage of Leonor Rivera , his sweetheart for
Association of Filipinologists where Blumentriit
eleven years to Mr. Kipping, an English engineer
as president and Rizal as secretary
employed in construction of Manila-Dagupan
< Organized two societies of Filipinos who were railway
in Paris that time- Kidlat Club and Indios Bravos Biarritz- beach resort on Biscay Bay, ( France)
Kidlat Club- bring young Filipinos in order to ideal place, though of offering marriage
enjoy their stay in city during international proposal to Adelina but did not materialize
competition
Indios Bravos- taught members to be proud Rizal in Brussels
being a Filipino , pledge to excel in intellectual Capital of Belgium
and physical capability to win Spaniards respect Jose Alberto- companion when he moved to
Brussels
< Attend lecture on Oriental culture in
University of Paris with Dr. Trinidad H. Pardo de Rizal and Filipinos in Madrid
Tavera
Juan Luna and Valentin Ventura- informed Rizal
Rizal’s Annotated Morga’s Book Published Filipino passion for gambling
Gambling- favorite pastime of Filipino
Tangible and outstanding achievement in
Paris- Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas Disturbing News at Home
wrote in British Museum
< Letters from Calamba he receive in Brussels Marcelo H. el Pilar- a lawyer who handle the
< Agrarian problem had not been resolved and case
getting worse
Rizal in Madrid
< Increase annual payment of tenant by
Dominican Order < Rizal is disappointed and frustrated because
Don Francisco-refused to pay his rent of Calamba problems, marriage of Leonor
Rivera
< To leased land so other tenants also refused
< He almost engaged in duels-one with Antonio
to pay rents
Luna and Wenceslao Reatana which could have
< Non=payment of Don Francisco and other
been fatal
tenants result in filing of a case in court by
< Rizal look foreword with optimism
Dominican friar to evict them forcibly from the
land Denied Justice for Rizal’s Family
Paciano and his two brother-in laws Antonio
Lopez (husband of Narcissa) and Silvestre < To secure justice for Calamba tenants, he
Ubaldo (husband of Olympia) were deported to asked the help of Filipino community,
Mindoro Asociacion Hispano-Filipina
< With help of Marcelo H. del Pilar as lawyer,
< Rizal become depressed; hardly sleep they sought an audience with Minister of the
June 6, 1890- send letter to Soledad before he Colonies to present
go back home
< Injustices committed by Gov. Gen and
Rizal’s Premonition Dominican
Blumentritt- urge to seek audience with Queen
< He feared he would not live long
Regent of Spain
< His only wish was to finish hid second novel,
The Fili before he left this world
< Morbid manifestation of early death was Background of the Two Duels
revelead by Marcelo H. del Pilar < Duels between Rizal and Luna happen in
< June 1898- Rizal made a letter to del Pilar Madrid gathering
< Unusual feeling not reach 30 years of age < Practice of serving wine to guest is always part
< Dream that brother, friends, relatives were of merriment and fun
dead, dressed in white, white faces. Silent < After drinking many glasses of wine, Luna
become intoxicated
Rizal’s Prepares to go Home
< He accused Rizal for his failure to win the
Graciano Lopez Jaena- plan to go to Cuba, Rizal heart of Nelly
urge him to go to the Philippines and die in
< At height of jealousy, he utter unsavory words
defense of his ideals instead of going to Cuba to
to Nelly
die in yellow fever
< Rizal could not control his temper so he
Mariano Ponce- express determination to go
challenged him in a duel
back to the Philippines
< When Luna become sober, he realized the
Blumentritt- horrified to his decision
incident should not happen so he begged an
Paciano-inform him they lost the case against
apology to Rizal
Dominicans in Manila, appeal made to Supreme
< Rizal accept his apology anf they become
Court in Spain
friends again
Wenceslao Retana- talented Spanish scholar , < Mr. Edward Boustead-Adelina’s father sent
accomplished writer used to contribute articles him letter on March 21, 1892 praising his
in an anti- Filipino newspaper in Madrid medical profession
La Epoca- widely circulated newspaper in
In Europe
Madrid he assert that Rizal’s relatives and
friends did not paid their annual rents for the Dr. Germiniano de Ocampo- Filipino
land they tilled so they were ejected by Ophthalmologist who describe Rizal as a man of
Dominicans vision who possess all the qualities of a great
eye specialist
< Rizal could not take the insult sitting down so
< His family joined him there. They rented a
he challenged Retana to a duel
small house at No.2 Rednaxela Terrace
< Retana did not accept the duel
< For Rizal, the rational thing for Retana is to Planned filipino colonization in borneo
publish a retraction and an apology in the same
newspaper for the articles he wrote which he Gov. Gen. Valeriano Weyler- Calamba tenants
did become helpless
< Retana develop great admiration for Rizal that < Thought of founding a Filipino colony in
he wrote first-book length biography of greatest Borneo
Filipino heroes May 26,1892- Graciano Lopez Jaena wrote to
Rizal and express his intention to join the colony
Chapter 9-Rizal goes back to Hongkong
Manuel Hidalgo- his brother-in law did not
October 18, 1891- Rizal left Ghent for Marseilles
approve the plan
Sandakan- Rizal made a side trip where he
Boarded S.S Melbourne
intended to move his family
2 primary reasons why he left Europe
Governor Eulogio Despujol- replaced Gov-Gen
1 Differences in political persuasion with
Weyler
Marcelo H. del Pilar and other Filipinos in Spain
< Rizal sent letter to Despujol to allow landless
2 Desire to lead Propaganda MovementTold Del
Filipino to establish colony in Borneo
Pilar he could no longer write articles for La
Solidaridad and temporarily withdrawing < Despujol did not acknowledge Rizal but he
Philippine political concerns in Spain notified Spanish Consul-general in Hongkong
not to tell Rizal he could not approved his
request
Life in hongkong
< Last letter he sent to Despujol was requesting
January 31,1892- wrote letter to Blumentritt permission to change his nationality and
that he is not only eye specialist but also a emigrate with his family and friends in Borneo.
general practitioner Rizal receive no reply at all
Dr. Ariston Bautista Lin- sent Rizal
Works in hongkong
congratulatory note accompanied by a book on
Diagnostic Pathology Wroye Constitution and By=Laws of La Liga
Don Antonio Vergel de Dios- kind-hearted man Filipina (Philippine League), association of
offered him his service for purchased of medical Filipinos for civic and social activities
books, equipment Jose Ma. Basa- idea of founding la Liga Filipina
was his brainchild, Filipino exile of 1872
< Most important objective of La Liga Filipina- letter
union of Archipelago in a compact, vigorous and < 1st paragraph of the second letter
homogenous body < Last paragraph of the second letter
< Other works are “The Rights of Men” (Ang
Karapatan ng mga Tao) that appeal to Spanish
Chapter 10- Rizal Deported to Dapitan
authorities to rectify injustice done in Calamba

< “To My Country” ( Sa Mga Kababayan)- June 26,1892- with elder sister Lucia, Rizal
explained the detailed of agrarian problem arrived in Manila
< The Hongkong Telegraph- British daily < Lodge at Oriente Hotel in Binondo
newspaper where some copies reach the < Went to Malacañang to pay courtesy call and
Philippines, Rizal wrote articles on Philippine interview Gov. Gen. Despujol who agreed to
History, government and culture pardon his father and sister but not his brother-
< Don Mariano Cunanan- from Pampanga in-law
offered to raise initial amount of $40,000 to < Despujol dissuade him from going to Borneo;
establish school instead he promise to give him lands in any
island two leagues from Calamba
Rizal decided to return to manila

May 1892- Rizal return to Manila Filipino League Founded

Reasons why he return to Manila
< Visit Malolos, Bulacan, san Fernando,
1 Desire to see Gov. Despujol regarding his
Pampanga and Tarlac, Tarlac which he urged his
Borneo project
countrymen to join the La Liga Filipina
2 Establish La Liga Filipina in Manila
< July 3,1892- Rizal organized La Liga Filipina in
3 Protested Eduardo de Lete in his article in La
Ilaya Street Tondo, Manila
Solidaridad
< Aims of La Liga Filipina
Dated April 15, 1892 portrying him as coward
and opportunistic for being safe and 1 Unification of whole archipelago in one
comfortable in Hongkong while abandoning his compact and homogenous body
country’s case 2 Mutual protection in every want and necessity
Marcelo H. del Pilar-author of La Solidaridad 3 Defense against all violence and injustice
4 Encouragement of instruction, agriculture,
commerce
The last two letters in hongkong 5 Study and application of reforms
Trinidad- tearfully warned Rizal for they will kill Ultimate objective- promote progress of the
him country
June 19,1892- 31st birthday of Rizal in Arrest and Deportation of Rizal
Hongkong < 4 days after the foundation of la Liga Filipina,
June 20,1892- he wrote two letters to Rizal was ordered arrested by Gov. Gen.
Portuguese friend Dr. Lorenzo Marquez Despujol allegedly having found in his baggage,
< On sealed envelope was written “ To open few hours after his arrival from Hongkong,
only after his death” abundle of leaflets entitled “ Poor Friars”
(Pobres Frailes)
< 1st and last paragraphs of letter to his family
< Last paragraph and final sentence of the first < Leaflets were against rich Dominicans who
had fabulous wealthy contrary to vow of
poverty < Youth- one of the most essential ingredients
< Incarcerated temporarily in Fort Santiago for a in any transformation endeavor
week before he was departed to Dapitan < “Without education and liberty-the soil and
(Zamboanga del Norte) in Northern Mindanao sun of mankind-no reform is possible”
< Establish a modest school-attended by
Life in Dapitan
students of age 13 and 14
< Live in residence of Don Ricardo Carnicero, < Taught cultural values of the Filipino-
Captain of the Infantry and politico-military kaayusan, delicadeza, palabra de honor
governor of Dapitan, consider him not a person
< Pedagogical philosophy of Sound Mind in a
committed felony (serious crime punishable by
Sound Body
1 year in jail or death) he gave good reports on
Rizal to Despujol, consider him to move around Rizal as an Engineer
and report only once a week < Construct a system of waterworks to provide
< Wrote a poem on Don Ricardo Carnicero’s clean water in Dapitan
birthday < H. H Cameron- American engineer praised
< Captain Juan Sitges- replace Don Ricardo Rizals ingenuity for he had no explosives to blast
Carnicero, more demanding officer hard rocks
< Live an exemplary life in exile
Rizal as Scientist
Study Bisayan and Malayan language
< Wrote an original Tagalog grammar Discovered Nami- kind of root plant, edible
when cooked properly but poisonous because
Rizal as a Physician
of hydrocyanic acid
Nami- middle finger was biten by centipede,
< August 1893- Doña Teodora and sister Maria
intense pain so he applied natural fluid from
lived for one year in Dapitan
nami and the pain disappeared
< Operated his mother’s eyes successfully for
the third time
< Applied hydro alcoholic solution extracted
< Doña Teodora disregarded his son’s clinical
from Nami to a cat to dissect its gonad
instructions by removing bandages from her
< Fluid extract from Nami produce anesthetic
eyes, causing the wound to be infected
results
Miguel Hidalgo- his brother-in-law, Saturnina’s
< Specimens Draco rizali ( flying dragon),
husband
Apogonio rizali ( small bettle), Rhacaphorus
Don Ignacio Tumarong- a wealthy patient of
rizali ( rare frog)
Rizal whose eyes were successfully operated.
He paid Rizal P3,000 Rizal as a Farmer
Don Florencio Azcarraga- owned big hacienda < Bought 16 hectares of agricultural land where
of sugarcane in Aklan paid Rizal a cargo of sugar he planted fruit-bearing trees
for curing his eye ailment < Raised livestock
< A rich Englishmen patient paid him P500 < Land area expanded near a river that becomes
source of irrigation that doubled rice production
Rizal as an Educator
< Modern methods of farming from Europe and
< Education- very essential in building the America
foundation of a nation. Very foundation one can
train and nurture vital instruments of progress-
especially the youth
Rizal as an Entrepreneur Ilokano, Bisayan and Subanon (Zamboanga)
< Wrote Tagalog Grammar
< Business venture include fishing, copra and
hemp industries Rizal as a Writer
< Introduced modern method of hemp- < Wrote quiet numbers of short stories, novels,
stripping through machine to improve quality poems essays, plays, fables. He translated his
and increased production work in different lanuages
< Organized cooperative in Dapitan Rizal as a Musician
Rizal as an Inventor
< No natural aptitude for music
< Invented a cigarette lighter called Sulpukan < Learned to play flute fairly well
< Made of Philippine hardwood and mechanism < Composed the song “Leonor”, “El Canto del
is based on principle of compressed air Prisoner” and “Alin Mang Lahi”
< Sent this invention to Blumentritt as a gift
Josephine Bracken in Dapitan
< Invented machine for making bricks-
< Rectangular block of clay hardened by drying < 18 years old lady, sweet, slender, almond blue
in the sun or burning in a kiln ( oven) used for eyes, brown hair, dressed with elegant
building and paving simplicity
< Machine could manufacture 6000 pieces of < Born on October 3, 1876 in Hongkong of Irish
bricks everyday parents
Rizal as an Artist < Mother died after childbirth and was adopted
Age of 5- remarkable talents for arts by an American engineer George Taufer
Religious banner- always used during fiesta was < Josephine, her adopting father Engineer
damaged. To replaced it Rizal painted in oil Taufer and manuela Orlac. Filipino companion
colors a new banner that delighted town people arrive in Dapitan in February 1895 coming from
because it was more beautiful than original one Hongkong
< In London, he curved The Triumph of Death < Their purpose is to consult Dr. Rizal for
over Life and The Triumph of Science over surgical treatment of Engr. Taufer’s blindness
Death < Mr. Julio Llorente, a friend of Rizal gave them
< In Dapitan he curved “The Mother’s a note of introduction
Revenge”. He modeled a statute representing < Rizal (33) and Josephine (18) fell in love
the mother-dog killing the crocodile by way of < Rizal told to George Taufer that he love
avenging her lost puppy Josephine and intended to marry her
< Taufer objected vehemently
< Other sculptural works of Rizal are the bust of
< They agreed to marry
Father Guerrico- an Ateneo professor
< Fr. Obach, parish priest of Dapitan refused to
“The Dapitan Girl”
marry them in the absence of ecclesiastical
< Josephine Bracken which appeared to be
permission from Bishop of Cebu
realistic because of anatomical shapes and
< One moonlight night, they went ot the beach,
proportion
clasped each other’s hand and united
themselves before Heaven
Rizal as a Linguis
< Better a union by the grace of God than
< Speak several language like Spanish, Latin,
marriage darkened by sin
English, Greek, French, German, Arabic,
< Rizal and Josephine pledged to love each
Hebrew, Dutch, Italian, Chinese, Japanese,
other and lived as husband and wife
Swedish, Portuguese, Russian and Sanskrit;
< Most important document- letter to the < August 1896- before the outbreak of
Bishop of Cebu that bears documentary stamp Philippine Revolution, Andres Bonifacio
and number 3.486.477 together with other Katipuneros attempted to
< Fray Martin Garcia Alcocer- bishop of Cebu save Rizal from the cruiser, Castilla anchored at
< Josefina Leopoldina Taufer- true name of Cavite by using motoboat
Josephine Bracken < Rizal politely refused
< Mr. Famorca of Dapitan- came to possess this
< Cry of Balintawak- Bonifacio and his
late document is a mystery
Katipunan followers already proclaimed
< Sister Trining-he wrote Miss J is better than defiance of Spanish Government by tearing
her reputation cedula certificates
< Living almost 8 months, Josephine was in < August 30,1896- Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco
family way but she gave birth prematurely to an gave Rizal a letter of recommendation to the
8 month-boy that lived for only a few hours Minister of War, Gen. Marcelo de Azcarraga
< Some believed Rizal lived an immortal life < 4 years- Rizal remained in Dapitan
with Josephine in Dapitan < September 30, 1896- Rizal left for Spain
< March 14,1895- sent letter to his mother in boarding on streamer Isla de Panay
Manila through Josephine telling he was on the < While cruising Mediteranean Sea, Rizal was
point of marrying inform by ship captain that he received
< Long cdontroversy in philosophy and religion telegraphic order from Minister of War to arrest
with Rev. Pablo Pastells- Superior of Jesuit
October 6- Barcelona- Rizal was transferred to
Order in the Philippines
Montjuich Castle in cell no.11
< Visit of Dr. Pio Valenzuela- Andres Bonifacio’s
Gen. Despujol- gov.gen who deported him to
emissary to sound Rizal’s view on proposed
Dapitan in 1892, in-charge of Montjuich prison
Upraising against Spanish government informed Rizal to be sent back to Manila
boarding S.S Colon

Rizal to Cuba
From Volunteer Physician to Prisoner
< Volunteer his services as physician to Spanish
Gov. Gen Blanco- wired the most ominous
medical corps in Cuba
warning for Rizal
< After more than 6 months, his application was
November 3- steamer reach Manila
accepted so he leave Dapitan for Manila
Fort Santiago- Rizal detained, tight security
< Arrived on board the España on August 6,
< Rizal was held incommunicado
1896
< Spanish authorities look evidence against him
< Mail boat for Spain had already left the day < Filipinos who sympathized with him were
before his arrival so he had to wait for the next arbitrarily harassed, tortured
steamer < Documents and Letters of Rizal’s friends were
< Transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla then seized by civil guards
anchored near Cavite to wait for the next
The Trial
streamer which was scheduled to sail for Spain
November 20- preliminary investigation
the following month.
Colonel Francisco Oliver Garcia- judge
advocate, tiring and severe investigation for five
chapter 11 days
The Arrest and Trial of Rizal Accused crimes of rebellion, sedition, forming
illegal associations Oddinance)
Gov. Gen. Ramon Blanco- result of preliminary 7. Enrique de Alcocer- appointed
investigation is transferred to him for actions prosecutor
< Captain Rafael Dominguez- appointed judge
Rizal Tried by a Court Martial
advocate to evaluate the case and made
December 26- tried by a court martial of 7
corresponding decision against Rizal
Spanish Army officers at the Hall of Banners
Nicolas de la Peña- Judge Advocate General
of Cuartel del España
who gave the following recommendations:
Present in the court-
1 The accused be brought to trial without delay
1. Rafael Dominguez- judge advocate
2 The accused be incarcerated in prison
2. Enrique de Alcocer- prosecuting
3 The accused should be defended in court by
Attorney
an army officer
3. Jose Rizal- the accused
Rizal and His Defender
4. Traviel de Andrade- his defender
< Denied the legal services of an experienced
5. Josephine Bracken
civilian lawyer
6. Rizal’s sister
< Lieutenant Luis Traviel de Andrada- Rizal’s
Judge Advocate Dominguez opened the
defender
trial by reading the charges against Rizal
< Charges that were refuted by Rizal to wit:
< Attorney Alcocer- give the summary of
1. Since his deportation in Dapitan within the charges
4 years, he had not engaged in any < Rizal’s own-brief memorandum of points
political activities of facts
2. The declaration of the witnesses 1 I could not be guilty of rebellion because I
against him were fabricated and not even advised Dr. Pio Valenzuela in Dapitan
true not to rise revolution
< December 13, 1896- wrote public 2 The revolutionist used my name without
declaration of his avowed intention- to my knowledge. If I were guilty, I could
stop shedding of blood and to achieve escaped from Singapore
freedoms 3. If I had the hand in revolution I could
Through education and hard work escaped from Moro vinta and would not
Man of conscience- individuals the build a house and bought land in Dapitan
country need today 4. If I were the chief in revolution why was I
Prison cell at Fort Santiago- the not consulted by the revolutionist?
declaration was written 5. La Liga Filipina does not live long, after
December 24- 7 members of the the first meeting , I was deported to
Ordinary Court Martial of the Post Dapitan and it died out
1 Colonel Jose Tagores Arjona (Calvary)
6. If La Liga Filipina was reorganized nine
months later, I did not know about it
2. Ricardo Muñoz Arias (Captain,
7. It was true that I write the Constitution
Artillery)
and By Laws of the La Liga Filipina but this is
3. Manuel Reguera ( Captain, Calvary)
only a civic organization not a revolutionary
4. Santiago Osorio ( Captain, Rangers)
society
5. Manuel Escribano ( Captain,
8. While it was true that there were some
Engineers)
bitter statements in my letter, it was
6. Fermin Rodriguez- ( Captain, General
because they were
Written when my family was being
persecuted, dispossed of their land and
home, my brother and brother-in-law were
deported without due process
9. It is not true that the revolution was
inspired in one of my speech in the house of
Doroteo Ongjunco
10. My life in Dapitan had been exemplary
as evidenced by my productive activities
< Rizal was a civilian but tried by military
tribunal composed of military officials
< No due process
< Rizal was not given the right to face his
accusers and the witness against him in an
open court
< Rizal could not expect to have a fair,
honest and impartial justice

< No prosecution witness was allowed to

testify so the defense could not ask
questions on cross-examination
Procedure of trial
1 prosecution’s brief was read before the
court by the prosecutor
2 Andrade present the defense brief on
December 25
3. Rizal completed the process by reading
his “Addition to my defense” on December
26
December 23- Rizal and Andrade receive
the brief for the presecution
December 26- trial begin, 2 days
preparations only, Innocents Day,military
courts submit verdict on the charges against
Rizal
To Gov. Gen. Polavieja who affirmed the
death sentence and decreed that Rizal
should be executed before a firing squad at
7am on December 30,1896 on the field of
Bagumbayan with all the formalities
required by the law
December 29- Rizal received the judgement