PROJECT REPORT

“On INTERNET”

MASTER OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

Ist YEAR

SUBMITTED BY :
AMARENDRA DHANMEHER - 01
SATISH BARAI - 07
HEMANT WAGH - 14
MILIND GHATE - 21
RINKU YADAV - 28
SHWETA KELSHIKAR - 35
SWAPNIL TAMBE - 42

TO
PROF. KHUSHBOO VERMA

IBSAR INSTITUTE OF MANAGEMENT STUDIES

KARJAT

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 CONTENT

SR.NO CONTENT PG.NO

1) DECLARATION 03
2) CHAPTER 1- AN INTRODUCTION 06
3) CHAPTER 2 – BRIEF DISCRIPTION ON 07 - 21
INTERNET
4) CHAPTER 3- THEORITICAL VIEW 07 – 21
5) CHAPTER 6 – CONCLUSION 22
6) WEBLOGRAPHY 23

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DECLARATION:

We, student of Master Of Management Studies (MMS) First year of IBSAR

hereby declare that we have completed this project on “To Study whole
knowledge of internet” for the academic year 2009-2010.
The information submitted is true and original to the best of our
knowledge.

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 1) INTRODUCTION
 TITLE
 OBJECTIVE
 PRESENTATION OF STUDY
TITLE:
Present study is titled as Project Report on “INTERNET”
The study is made with special reference to the “INTERNET”.

Secondary Data:
Information was collected from various secondary sources such as
newspaper, Wikipedia.

OBJECTIVE:
 History of Internet.

 What is Internet.

 How does Internet work.

 Types of internet connection.

 Uses of Internet.

 Advantage & disadvantage of Internet.

 Social impact of Internet.

 Conclusion.

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PRESENTATION OF STUDY:

Chapter 1: “An Introduction” gives introduction to the title and to

the report and also the objectives, methodology and
the presentation of the study.

Chapter 2: Brief knowledge on internet.

Chapter 3: In this report the theoretical view has been given

along with detailed information.

Chapter 4: Conclusion.

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 INTERNET

INTRODUCTION:

The Internet, sometimes called simply "the Net," is a worldwide system of

computer networks - a network of networks in which users at any one
computer can, if they have permission, get information from any other
computer (and sometimes talk directly to users at other computers). The
Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users
worldwide. It is a network of networks that consists of millions of private
and public, academic, business, and government networks of local to global
scope that are linked by a broad array of electronic and optical networking
technologies. The Internet carries a vast array of information resources and
services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents of the World
Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.

Most traditional communications media, such as telephone and television

services, are reshaped or redefined using the technologies of the Internet,
giving rise to services such as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and
IPTV. Newspaper publishing has been reshaped into Web sites, blogging,
and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated the creation of new
forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet forums, and
social networking sites .

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HISTORY OF INTERNET

It was conceived by the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) of the

U.S. government in 1969 and was first known as the ARPANET. The
original aim was to create a network that would allow users of a research
computer at one university to be able to "talk to" research computers at other
universities. A side benefit of ARPANet's design was that, because messages
could be routed or rerouted in more than one direction, the network could
continue to function even if parts of it were destroyed in the event of a
military attack or other disaster.

 J.C.R. Licklider of MIT, first proposed a global network of computers

in 1962

 Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)

 Roberts moved over to DARPA in 1966 and developed his plan for
ARPANET Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). These
visionaries and many more left unnamed here are the real founders of
the Internet.

 The Internet, then known as ARPANET, was brought online in 1969.

 World Wide Web in 1991, was based on hypertext--a system of

embedding links in text to link to other text.

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  Delphi was the first national commercial online service to offer
Internet access to its subscribers in Nov 1992.

 Wireless has grown rapidly in the past few years, and travellers search
for the wi-fi "hot spots“.

Today, the Internet is a public, cooperative, and self-sustaining facility

accessible to hundreds of millions of people worldwide. Physically, the
Internet uses a portion of the total resources of the currently existing public
telecommunication networks. Technically, what distinguishes the Internet is
its use of a set of protocols called TCP/IP (for Transmission Control
Protocol/Internet Protocol). Two recent adaptations of Internet technology,
the intranet and the extranet, also make use of the TCP/IP protocol.

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HOW DOES INTERNET WORK?

Because the Internet is a global network of computers each computer

connected to the Internet must have a unique address. Internet addresses are
in the form nnn.nnn.nnn.nnn where nnn must be a number from 0 - 255. This
address is known as an IP address. (IP stands for Internet Protocol; more on
this later.)

The picture below illustrates two computers connected to the Internet; your
computer with IP address 1.2.3.4 and another computer with IP address
5.6.7.8. The Internet is represented as an abstract object in-between. (As this
paper progresses, the Internet portion of Diagram 1 will be explained and
redrawn several times as the details of the Internet are exposed.)

Diagram 1

If you connect to the Internet through an Internet Service Provider (ISP), you
are usually assigned a temporary IP address for the duration of your dial-in
session. If you connect to the Internet from a local area network (LAN) your
computer might have a permanent IP address or it might obtain a temporary
one from a DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) server. In any

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case, if you are connected to the Internet, your computer has a unique IP
address.

TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION

While technology changes at a rapid pace, so do Internet connections. The

connection speeds listed below represent a snapshot of general average to
maximum speeds at the time of publication. This is no doubt will change
over time and Internet connection speeds also vary between Internet Service
Providers (ISP).

1. Analog (up to 56k):

Also called dial-up access, it is both economical and slow. Using a modem
connected to your PC, users connect to the Internet when the computer dials
a phone number (which is provided by your ISP) and connects to the
network. Dial-up is an analog connection because data is sent over an
analog, public telephone network. The modem converts received analog
data to digital and vise versa. Because dial-up access uses normal telephone
lines the quality of the connection is not always good and data rates are
limited.

• Typical Dial-up connection speeds range from 2400 bps to 56 Kbps. .

2. DSL

DSL is also called an always on connection because it uses existing 2-wire

copper telephone line connected to the premise and will not tie up your
phone as a dial-up connection does. There is no need to dial-in to your ISP

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as DSL is always on. The two main categories of DSL for home subscribers
are called ADSL and SDSL.

• All types of DSL technologies are collectively referred to as xDSL.

• xDSL connection speeds range from 128 Kbps to 8 Mbps.

3. Cable

Through the use of a cable modem you can have a broadband Internet
connection that is designed to operate over cable TV lines. Cable Internet
works by using TV channel space for data transmission, with certain
channels used for downstream transmission, and other channels for upstream
transmission. Because the coaxial cable used by cable TV provides much
greater bandwidth than telephone lines, a cable modem can be used to
achieve extremely fast access.

• Cable speeds range from 512 Kbps to 20 Mbps.

4. Wireless Internet Connections ( Wi Fi )

Wireless Internet, or wireless broadband is one of the newest Internet

connection types. Instead of using telephone or cable networks for your
Internet connection, you use radio frequency bands. Wireless Internet
provides an always-on connection which can be accessed from anywhere —
as long as you geographically within a network coverage area. Wireless
access is still considered to be relatively new, and it may be difficult to find
a wireless service provider in some areas. It is typically more expensive and
mainly available in metropolitan areas.

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 • See the Wireless Networking Standards page of Webopedia for data
rates, Modulation schemes, Security, and More info on Wireless
networking.

5. Power line

Broadband access over power lines was approved in 2004 in the United
States in the face of stiff resistance from the amateur radio community. The
problem with modulating a carrier signal below 100 MHz onto power lines
is that an above-ground power line can act as a giant antenna and jam long-
distance radio frequencies used by amateurs, seafarers and others.

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USES OF INTERNET:

The Internet is allowing greater flexibility in working hours and location,

especially with the spread of unmetered high-speed connections and web
applications.
The Internet can now be accessed almost anywhere by numerous means,
especially through mobile Internet devices. Mobile phones, datacards,
handheld game consoles .

The Internet has also become a large market for companies; some of the
biggest companies today have grown by taking advantage of the efficient
nature of low-cost advertising and commerce through the Internet, also
known as e-commerce. It is the fastest way to spread information to a vast
number of people simultaneously. The Internet has also subsequently
revolutionized shopping. The low cost and nearly instantaneous sharing of
ideas, knowledge, and skills has made collaborative work dramatically
easier, with the help of collaborative software. Not only can a group cheaply
communicate and share ideas, but the wide reach of the Internet allows such
groups to easily form in the first place. An example of this is the free
software movement, which has produced, among other programs, Linux,
Mozilla Firefox, and OpenOffice.org. Internet "chat", whether in the form of
IRC chat rooms or channels.

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ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF INTERNET

During his evolution journey from Neanderthals to Homo erectus and then to
Homo sapiens, man has come long way. Because of his continuous quest for
more and more amenities and facilities, the nineties have seen a major turn
around with the invention of computers. 10 years ago, the term internet was
practically anonymous to most of the people. And today internet has become
the most ever powerful tool for man throughout the world. The internet is a
collection of various services and resources.

Although, many people still think e-mail and World Wide Web as the
principle constituents of internet, there is lot more in store than e-mail, chat
rooms, celebrity web sites and search engines. It also became the best
business tool of modern scenario. Today internet has brought a globe in a
single room. Right from news across the corner of the world, wealth of
knowledge to shopping, purchasing the tickets of your favorite movie-
everything is at your finger tips. Internet has great potential and lot to
offer… however, like every single innovation in science and technology,
internet has its own advantages and disadvantages.

Advantages
Communication:

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The foremost target of internet has always been the communication. And
internet has excelled beyond the expectations .Still; innovations are going on
to make it faster, more reliable. By the advent of computer’s Internet, our
earth has reduced and has attained the form of a global village.
Now we can communicate in a fraction of second with a person who is
sitting in the other part of the world. Today for better communication, we
can avail the facilities of e-mail; we can chat for hours with our loved ones.
There are plenty messenger services in offering. With help of such services,
it has become very easy to establish a kind of global friendship where you
can share your thoughts, can explore other cultures of different ethnicity.

Information

Information is probably the biggest advantage internet is offering. The

Internet is a virtual treasure trove of information. Any kind of information
on any topic under the sun is available on the Internet. The search engines
like Google, yahoo is at your service on the Internet. You can almost find
any type of data on almost any kind of subject that you are looking for.
There is a huge amount of information available on the internet for just
about every subject known to man, ranging from government law and
services, trade fairs and conferences, market information, new ideas and
technical support, the list is end less.

Students and children are among the top users who surf the Internet for
research. Today, it is almost required that students should use the Internet
for research for the purpose of gathering resources. Teachers have started
giving assignments that require research on the Internet. Almost every

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coming day, researches on medical issues become much easier to locate.
Numerous web sites available on the net are offering loads of information
for people to research diseases and talk to doctors online at sites such as,
America’s Doctor. During 1998 over 20 million people reported going
online to retrieve health information.

Entertainment

Entertainment is another popular raison d'être why many people prefer to

surf the Internet. In fact, media of internet has become quite successful in
trapping multifaceted entertainment factor. Downloading games, visiting
chat rooms or just surfing the Web are some of the uses people have
discovered. There are numerous games that may be downloaded from the
Internet for free. The industry of online gaming has tasted dramatic and
phenomenal attention by game lovers. Chat rooms are popular because users
can meet new and interesting people. In fact, the Internet has been
successfully used by people to find life long partners. When people surf the
Web, there are numerous things that can be found. Music, hobbies, news and
more can be found and shared on the Internet.

Services

Many services are now provided on the internet such as online banking, job
seeking, purchasing tickets for your favorite movies, guidance services on
array of topics engulfing the every aspect of life, and hotel reservations.
Often these services are not available off-line and can cost you more.

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E-Commerce

Ecommerce is the concept used for any type of commercial maneuvering, or

business deals that involves the transfer of information across the globe via
Internet. It has become a phenomenon associated with any kind of shopping,
almost anything. You name it and Ecommerce with its giant tentacles
engulfing every single product and service will make you available at your
door steps. It has got a real amazing and wide range of products from
household needs, technology to entertainment.

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• Disadvantages

Theft of Personal information

•

If you use the Internet, you may be facing grave danger as your
personal information such as name, address, credit card number etc.
can be accessed by other culprits to make your problems worse.

Spamming
•

Spamming refers to sending unwanted e-mails in bulk, which provide

no purpose and needlessly obstruct the entire system. Such illegal
activities can be very frustrating for you, and so instead of just
ignoring it, you should make an effort to try and stop these activities
so that using the Internet can become that much safer.

Virus threat

• Virus is nothing but a program which disrupts the normal functioning

of your computer systems. Computers attached to internet are more
prone to virus attacks and they can end up into crashing your whole
hard disk, causing you considerable headache.

Pornography:
This is perhaps the biggest threat related to your children’s healthy

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mental life. A very serious issue concerning the Internet. There are
thousands of pornographic sites on the Internet that can be easily
found and can be a detrimental factor to letting children use the
Internet.

Though, internet can also create havoc, destruction and its misuse can
be very fatal, the advantages of it outweigh its disadvantages.

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Social impact of Internet

The Internet has made possible entirely new forms of social interaction,
activities and organizing, thanks to its basic features such as widespread
usability and access. Social networking websites such as Facebook and
MySpace have created a new form of socialization and interaction. Users of
these sites are able to add a wide variety of items to their personal pages, to
indicate common interests, and to connect with others. It is also possible to
find a large circle of existing acquaintances, especially if a site allows users
to utilize their real names, and to allow communication among large existing
groups of people. Sites like meetup.com exist to allow wider announcement
of groups which may exist mainly for face-to-face meetings, but which may
have a variety of minor interactions over their group's site at meetup.org, or
other similar sites.
The first generation is now being raised with widespread availability of
Internet connectivity, with consequences for privacy, identity, and copyright
concerns. These "Digital natives" face a variety of concerns that were not
present for prior generations.
There are many free and commercially available software programs, called
content-control software, with which a user can choose to block offensive
websites on individual computers or networks, such as to limit a child's
access to pornography or violence.
The Internet has been a major source of leisure since before the World Wide
Web, with entertaining social experiments such as MUDs and MOOs being
conducted on university servers, and humor-related Usenet groups receiving
much of the main traffic. The pornography and gambling industries have
both taken full advantage of the World Wide Web, and often provide a

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significant source of advertising revenue for other websites. Although many
governments have attempted to put restrictions on both industries' use of the
Internet, this has generally failed to stop their widespread popularity.
One main area of leisure on the Internet is multiplayer gaming. This form of
leisure creates communities, bringing people of all ages and origins to enjoy
the fast-paced world of multiplayer games. Many use the Internet to access
and download music, movies and other works for their enjoyment and
relaxation. As discussed above, there are paid and unpaid sources for all of
these, using centralized servers and distributed peer-to-peer technologies.
Some of these sources take more care over the original artists' rights and
over copyright laws than others.

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Conclusion

Increasingly, employers are relying on technology to handle many aspects of

jobs, and use of the Internet is a fast-growing area. It will not matter that the
specific technology in use today will be obsolete in a decade (or even a
year).

The use of the Internet around the world has been growing rapidly over the
last decade. With market saturation the phase of rapid growth is ending in
industrialized countries, but the spread continues in Asia, Africa, Latin
America, the Caribbean and the Middle East..

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

www.wikipedia.com

www.duke.edu

from the process data

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