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    Husain Al Muslim Saudi Aramco PDF

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    ravi00098
    This document outlines typical pipeline construction activities and standards for road and railroad crossings. It discusses preparing the right-of-way, stringing and welding pipe, trenching, lowering the pipe into the trench, backfilling, and restoring the area. It also covers analyzing stresses on pipelines from crossings and minimizing them through concrete slabs, increased depth or wall thickness, or sleeves. Standards are dynamic and incorporate lessons learned and new research to optimize designs like bend radii, thrust anchors, and casing requirements.

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    Husain Al Muslim Saudi Aramco PDF

    Uploaded by

    ravi00098
    172 views34 pages
    This document outlines typical pipeline construction activities and standards for road and railroad crossings. It discusses preparing the right-of-way, stringing and welding pipe, trenching, lowering the pipe into the trench, backfilling, and restoring the area. It also covers analyzing stresses on pipelines from crossings and minimizing them through concrete slabs, increased depth or wall thickness, or sleeves. Standards are dynamic and incorporate lessons learned and new research to optimize designs like bend radii, thrust anchors, and casing requirements.

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    162961702-Husain-Al-Muslim-Saudi-Aramco.pdf

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    This document outlines typical pipeline construction activities and standards for road and railroad crossings. It discusses preparing the right-of-way, stringing and welding pipe, trenching, lowering the pipe into the trench, backfilling, and restoring the area. It also covers analyzing stresses on pipelines from crossings and minimizing them through concrete slabs, increased depth or wall thickness, or sleeves. Standards are dynamic and incorporate lessons learned and new research to optimize designs like bend radii, thrust anchors, and casing requirements.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    172 views34 pages

    Husain Al Muslim Saudi Aramco PDF

    Uploaded by

    ravi00098
    This document outlines typical pipeline construction activities and standards for road and railroad crossings. It discusses preparing the right-of-way, stringing and welding pipe, trenching, lowering the pipe into the trench, backfilling, and restoring the area. It also covers analyzing stresses on pipelines from crossings and minimizing them through concrete slabs, increased depth or wall thickness, or sleeves. Standards are dynamic and incorporate lessons learned and new research to optimize designs like bend radii, thrust anchors, and casing requirements.

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    of 34

    HUSAIN M.

    AL-MUSLIM
    NADHIR I. AL-NASRI
    Outline
     Introduction
     Sabkha area
     Road crossing
     Bend design
     Anchor blocks
     Conclusion
    Saudi Aramco Pipeline Network
    TURA
    DAN
    JOR

    IF
    QAISUM
    AH SAFANIY

    AR UL
    AH TANAJIB

    G
    AB F
    IA
    ABU-
    HADRIYAH ABU-ALI

    N
    KHURSANI JUBAIL
    YAH JUBAIL
    CUSTOMERS
    BERRI
    CRUDE NETWORK TUFA Ras Tanoura
    JJ
    IH
    GAS Network
    Product Network QATIF BAHRAIN
    DHAHRA
    N

    RIYADH
    ABQAIQ
    Southern Areas QATAR
    Type of Pipeline Installation
     Above ground unrestrained pipeline
     Above ground fully restrained pipeline
     Under ground restrained pipeline
    Sabkha area
     Sabkha means area of high-level water table
     The water is very salty and highly corrosive
     The pipe must not come in contact with water
     Special pad design and sequence of
    construction
    Sabkha pad design
    Sabkha sequence of construction
     Prepare the construction pad
     Excavate the trench
     Lower the pipe and backfill
     Construct the pipe berm
    Sabkha area
    Construction of ROW and pad

    Pad
    RO W
    ar ea
    bk h a
    Sa
    e li ne p ad
    Pip

    p ad
    R O W
    Preparing the trench
    Lowering the pipe and backfilling
    Constructing the berm
    Stabilizing the berm
    Road crossing
    Loads on Pipelines

    Live Load

    Earth Load

    Internal Load

    Total Load on Pipeline = Live load + Earth load + Internal Loads


    Minimum Depth of Cover

    Road (1.2 m)
    Minimum depth
    below ditch (0.9 m) Railroad (1.7 m )

    Drainage ditch

    Minimum depth
    Carrier pipe below surface

    Figure 1: Road Crossing


    Stresses vs. depth of cover
    15000
    D/t = 50
    14000 D/t = 60
    D/t = 70
    13000 D/t = 80
    D/t = 90
    Absolute maximum stress (psi)

    12000
    D/t = 100
    11000
    D/t = 110.1
    D/t = 120
    10000 D/t = 129.9
    D/t = 139.9
    9000 D/t = 150
    8000

    7000

    6000

    5000
    1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
    Depth of cover (ft)
    Absolute maximum stress variation for 60 inch pipe diameter and high density sabkha as native soil
    Analysis of Pipeline Under Road & Railroads
    Methodologies

     Crossi (two versions)


     Based on the API RP1102, 1968 edition
     Cornell/GRI developed PC-PISCESL software
     Included in the 1993 edition of API RP1102, Steel Pipelines Crossing
    Railroads and Highways”
     Limitations
    ○ 2 ≤ D ≤ 42
    ○ 12.5 ≤ D/t ≤ 100
    ○ 3 ft ≤ Backfill Height ≤ 10 ft
     Pipeline toolbox
     Aramco Study (Analysis and Design for Buried Pipeline. ADBP)
     Limitations
    50 ≤ D/t ≤ 150
    Extended Study
    12 ≤ D/t ≤ 150
    ADBP 2.0
    Minimizing The Pipeline Stresses
    Under Crossings
     Installing concrete slab.
     Increasing the depth of cover.
     Increasing the pipeline wall thickness.
     Reinforcing the pipeline with sleeve.
    Pipeline bends
     Elastic bend
     Cold bend
     Hot bend
    Bend design
     The standard design is 210 m radius bend
     Smaller radii required calculation and/or
    thrust anchors
     Design was optimized by numerical
    analysis
    Bend analysis model
    Pipe Bend

    A
    Rb θ Rb

    D = Diameter of the pipe


    Hc

    t = Thickness of the pipe


    t Hc = Depth of cover
    D Rb = Radius of the bend
    θ = Angle of the bend
    Section - AA
    Thrust anchor
     Full thrust without considering soil friction
     Large size anchor blocks
     Block size was reduced significantly
    Thrust anchors construction
    Thrust anchor new software
     Analysis and Design of Thrust Anchor
    Blocks (ADTAB)
     Size Optimization of Thrust Anchor
    Blocks (SOPTAB)
    Conclusion
     Saudi Aramco standards are dynamic to
    capture
     Lessons learned from projects
     Industry best practices
     Company funded research projects
    Typical Pipeline Construction
    Activities
     Route Surveying
     Mobilizing equipment and personnel
     Transporting and storing pipe and materials
     Topsoil stripping (as required)
     Grading
     Stringing (transport and laying of pipe on the ROW)
     Welding, ultrasonic, and NDE of welds
     Installing coating at the pipe joints
     Trenching
     Lowering pipe into the trench
     Installing crossings
     Backfilling
     Restoring the ROW
    Clearing and Grading Trenching

    ROW Grading Survey Rock


    Rock-Free Trenching Padding
    Acquisition Cut and fills
    Drilling Blasting

    Stringing Welding / Coating Lowering-in

    Stringing Coating Lowering-in Tie-ins


    Welding NDT

    Backfill Berming /stabilizing

    Berm Stabilizing
    Backfill
    Road crossing concrete slab
    Casing Requirements
     Casing is required only for railroads.
     Casing minimum wall thickness per table -3
     Casing diameter ≥ 2 size larger than carrier pipe
     Insulators/spacers shall be installed
     Casing ends shall be sealed
     Vents/drains are not mandatory
    Road crossing analysis model
    18 m

    4 m
    D

    1.2 min 2.0 max

    H
    6T 13 T 10 T 10 T

    t i
    Scope of SAES-L-460
     This standard defines the minimum design and
    installation requirements governing pipeline
    crossings under roads, parking lots, railroads,
    and airport runways.
     This standard applies to pipelines in all
    services.
     This standard supplements the latest edition of
    API RP 1102 “Steel Pipelines Crossing
    Railroads and Highways.”
     Additional requirements imposed by the Saudi
    Arabian Government shall apply to crossings
    of Government roads and railroads.

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