JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

NEEDLECRAFT
Quarter 1- Module 1
Understand Embroidery as a Craft
and Its Techniques

Department of Education  Republic of the Philippines

Needlecraft Grade 11
Quarter 1 - Module 1 of 4
First Edition 2020
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E-mail Address: [email protected]
Department of Education  Republic of the Philippines

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 JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL

NEEDLECRAFT
Quarter 1- Module 1
Understand Embroidery as a Craft and
Its Techniques

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at action @deped.gov.ph

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education  Republic of the Philippines

We value your feedback and recommendations.

his of Education

schools, colleges, and/or universities. We encourage

teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of
Education

We value your feedback

1 and recommendationsiewed by
educators from public and private schools, colleges, and/or
universities. We encourage teachers and other education
 TABLE OF CONTENTS
What is this Module About? ................................. 5
How to use this Module ................................. 6
What I Know ................................. 7
QUARTER 1
_____________________________________________________________________
Lesson 1 - Understand Concepts Related to Needlecraft . . . . . . . . . . . . 8

Learning Outcome 1.1 ................................... 9

Identify Major Needlecraft Techniques
Learning Outcome 1.2 .................................… 11
State Safety and Precautionary Measures

Lesson 2 – Understand Embroidery as a Craft and Its Technique . . . . . . . 15

Learning Outcome 2.1 ................................... 16

Define Embroidery as a Needlecraft Technique
Learning Outcome 2.2 ................................... 17
Identify the Tools and Materials Used

Lesson 3 – Create Embroidered Products with Package . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Learning Outcome 3.1 .................................. 22

Manipulate Properly the Tools and Materials for Embroidery

Learning Outcome 3.2 . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26

Combine Stitching Techniques in Embroidery, Calado and Smocking
to Create a Well-Made Project

Learning Outcome 3.3 .................................... 38

Select Appropriate and Quality Packaging Material for Embroidered
Articles
Assessment ....................................... 42
Generalization ....................................... 44
Glossary ....................................... 45
References ....................................... 46
Key Answer ....................................... 47
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To the Learners:
This module contains training materials and activities for you to finish. You are
required to go through a series of learning activities. If you’ve got questions, don’t
hesitate to ask your teacher for assistance.

This will give you the opportunity to develop your skills in performing skillfully
the use of design, materials and techniques to create embroidered products
according to standard operating procedures, techniques and knowledge of
Needlecraft.

How to use this Module?

This Module has 2 Lessons. Each lesson has the following:
 Learning Outcome
 Performance Standard
 What I Know?
 What I Need to Know?
 What I Have Learned ?
 What I can Do?
 Additional Activities

In doing the activities to finish the requirements of this module, please be guided
by the following:

 Read and understand the Learning Outcome/s and Performance

Standards.
 Take the Pre-Test to find out what you already know.
 Do the required Learning Activities.
 Apply what you have learned in real life by doing /performing the Activities
suggested.
 Rate your output by accomplishing the Scoring Rubrics.

If you have question, don’t hesitate to ask your teacher for

assistance.

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Introduction
This learning resource is in light of the Covid-19 pandemic and is intended
only for School Year 2020-2021 to accommodate the necessary adjustment due to
the shortened academic year. It focuses on the course Needlecraft under the [Home
Economics] strand of the TVL track. The Department of Education aims that this
learning resource contributes to the attainment of the realization of the overall goal of
the K to 12 Basic Education Program under the new normal of education, which is
the holistic development of every Filipino learner: equipped with 21st century skills,
adequately prepared for work, and has gained the right knowledge, attitude, values
and skills to start a business, acquire middle level skills, and to advance in higher
education.

Overview
This module is intended for the First Quarter of Needlecraft specialization
under Home Economics. It includes information and activities to develop desirable
values, skills and understanding through authentic tasks on applying the principles of
arts and handicrafts to create beautiful and marketable embroidered products.
Provisions for practical application to real life situation are also included for lifelong
learning.

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 What I Know
Pre-Test
l. Matching Type
Direction: Match Column A with column B. Write the letter of the correct answer on
separate sheet of paper.
A B
1. It is an ornamentation of textiles and other materials
a. Crewel
with needlework.
2. It is use to measure more than one foot distance. b. Embroidery
3. A tool use for transferring the design when using
c. Gauge
pricking and pouncing method.
4. A tool in embroidery that is used to keep the fabric
stretched while embroidery stitches are applied on the d. Needle Threader
design.
5. A fine powder used in transferring design by pricking
e. Pin Cushion
method.
6. A type of needle used for most standard embroidery
f. Pounce
stiches.
7. A tool used to keep pins and needles in place. g. Stiletto
8. It is used for easier threading especially by those
h. Water color brush
sewers with poor eyesight.
9. Use to protect the middle finger and push the needle
i. Tape Measure
while doing embroidery work.
10. It is use to measure short distances. j. Thimble

ll. Identification
Direction : Identify the following stitches. Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. 6.

2. 7.

8.
3.

4. 9.

10.
5.

5
 Concept Review

Understand concepts related to needlecraft

Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the lesson you are expected to do the following:

LO 1.1 Identify major needlecraft techniques; and

LO 1.2 State safety precautionary measures

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 Lesson 1
Understand Concepts Related to Needlecraft

What I Need to Know

Learning Outcome 1.1 Identify Major Needlecraft Techniques

BASIC TECHNIQUES IN HANDICRAFT

How do they do it? Handicraft is for ‘all ages. This means there are
appropriate handicraft activities for everyone, including the young, the elderly and
the physically challenged, who have mastery in the use of their hands or body. But
what processes are usually done?
Handicraft techniques are the processes for converting the materials into
finished products. As mentioned in previous lessons, the materials foreshadow the
techniques. In addition, the choice of technique depends on the material and the
design, the use or function of the object as well as the availability of tools and
equipment.
Handicraft techniques can be categorized into three major processes:
1. Pre-construction
2. Construction
3. Finishing Techniques

Needlecraft Techniques & Ideas

1. Cross Stitch – Is the most well-known stitch in color embroidery

and is still popular in both modern designs and traditional folk
art.

2. Pulled-Thread Embroidery - An openwork technique in which

fabric

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 threads are not cut and removed but pulled or bundled together
by embroidery stitches.

3. Hardanger - An openwork technique in which fabric threads are

clipped and removed from the fabric after edges have been
secured with blocks of satin stitch. Bars are worked by
overcasting or darning the remaining threads together.

4. Crochet Doilies & Patchwork - The edges of fabric doilies are

decorated with lovely crochet borders; doilies can be crocheted
together patchwork-style.

5. Drawn-Thread Embroidery - Fabric threads are clipped and

removed, the remaining threads are then bundled and secured
with decorative stitches.

6. Huck Embroidery/ Darning- Special huckback fabric is decorated

by running embroidery needle and yarn under the floats on the
fabric surface.

7. White Work - Cutwork and eyelet embroidery done on fine,

densely-woven fabrics. The pattern outlines are drawn or ironed
onto the fabric.

8. Myreschka - A special drawn-thread technique in which drawn-

thread areas are filled with bars and decorative holes made by
needle-weaving.

9. Needlepoint - The entire surface of canvas is covered by

stitches.
The classic version is in tent, cross or Gobelin stitches.

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 What I Need to Know

Learning Outcome 1.2 – Safety and Precationary Measures

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS IN THE WORKING AREA

People are always wondering why accidents happen. Basically accidents can
be classified into two: such as environment accidents, wherein accidents come as
a phenomenon as nature takes its curse on the cause and this can not be avoided.
Another is the man-made accident , when people become careless and indifferent
but this can be prevented. Always remember that any kind of tool or equipment might
be a source of destruction.

BE SAFE FROM HAZARDOUS PRACTICES!

Safety must be foremost in your mind before undertaking a needlecraft

project, or any activity for that matter. Who must be safe? The people doing the
needlecraft project which includes you, your classmates and your teacher should be
safe from accidents. Next, the tools and equipment must also be safe from disuse
and unnecessary breakage. Lastly, the environment, which is the source of the
needlecraft materials, must also be safe from abuse so that these are not depleted.

The good thing is almost all accidents and untoward events can be avoided
by developing safe personal work habits. This lesson enumerates those safety and
precautionary measures and it is imperative to remember them. An old adage about
safety is still true for today -“Safety means learning to follow instructions; it means
never taking chances” (Lindbeck, Dunk & Hansen, 1969).

The first line of defense is acquisition of information. You, as a needlecraft

student, must know about the type of needlecraft you want to do. During
demonstrations, closely observe the correct process of doing the project and in
handling the tools. Identify the hazards of particular types of needlecraft processes
as well as those in the machine shops and avoid them. The second line of defense
is the acquisition of appropriate supplies and tools, including safety devices and a
first aid kit. The third line of defense is the practice of safe personal work habits.

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 Safety Regulations to be observed in a Craft or Machine Shop

Housekeeping
1. There must be a logbook for users or borrowers of tools and equipment.
2. Label the materials and tools properly.
3. Keep the shop clean and orderly. Never leave tools lying around or along the
aisle where they can pose hazards.
4. Regularly inspect equipment for safe operating condition, adjustment and
repair, ideally, in accordance with the manufacturer’s information. Take note
of the manufacturer’s warranty and its conditions.
5. Students should not remove or disable safeguards or device required on the
machine.
6. Wipe or clean up water spills, grease or oil on the floor.
7. Report all accidents following school policy.
8. Emergency phone numbers must be posted to include school clinic or the
nearest clinic/hospital and the teacher-in-charge or the principal.

Proper Attire
1. No loose garments. Shop aprons must be worn over school or PE uniforms.
2. Wear closed-toe shoes.
3. Refrain from wearing and bringing accessories that might obstruct the senses
or pose danger when working. No jewelry, rings, hanging earrings, neckties,
chains, earphones or mobile phones. Keep them in a safe pocket of your
bag.
4. Handicraft projects that pose hazards to the eyes must require appropriate
eye protection.

Environmental Health & Safety

1. Fire extinguishers should be made available and be located in a convenient
place.
2. Chemical supplies and its wastes must be kept in proper containers and be
disposed of properly.
3. Incorporate green practices such as conservation in the use of water and
energy.

Care and Maintenance of Tools

1. Tools that are used for cutting must be kept clean and sharp.

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 2. Tools are ideally stored in dry places to prevent rust in metals or decay in
wooden tools. Storage must also enable the users to easily locate and select
the needed tool.

What I have Learned

Activity 1.1

IDENTIFICATION
A. Direction : Read the situations described below. Write your answer on your
answer sheet. Draw a  to indicate presence of hazard or  to
indicate a relatively safe practice

______ 1. Are Jay listens to music through earphones while working.

______ 2. Xander wears eye goggles while polishing metals.
______ 3. The heavy tools are stored in a box in the upper shelves.
______ 4. There is one large trash can for all types of waste product.
______ 5. Wally wipes the water spills from the floor as he works on a tie & dye project.

B. Direction : Identify the following Needlecraft technique. Write your answer on

your answer sheet.

1. An openwork technique in which fabric threads are not cut and removed but
pulled
or bundled together by embroidery stitches.

2. The edges of fabric doilies are decorated with lovely crochet borders; doilies can
be
crocheted together patchwork-style.

3. A special drawn-thread technique in which drawn-thread areas are filled with bars
and decorative holes made by needle-weaving

4. Is the most well-known stitch in color embroidery and is still popular in both
modern
designs and traditional folk art.

5. Fabric threads are clipped and removed, the remaining threads are then bundled

11
 and secured with decorative stitches.

What I Can Do?

Activity 1.2
Partner in ‘Crime’

The different types of needlecrafts have specific safety practices or regulations

because of special tools or processes demanded by the techniques.

Choose one needlecraft and research on its specific safety practices. Given
below are guide questions that you may ask yourselves to find safety practices or
measures unique to the assigned needlecraft:

1. What safety practices or precautionary measures are specific to the

needlecraft?
2. What tools and techniques are used when working on the handicraft?
3. What safety practices must be observed with the use of tools or the
techniques?
Create a book mark and enumerate the safety practices you have identified. Add
decorative design to your book mark at the side or at the back! Laminate your
bookmark for protection!

(Name of Needlecraft)

Safety Practices
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
12 ____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
____________________
 D i d yo u kn o w ?
Try decorating your bookmark
using Decoupage, the art of decorating
an object by gluing colored paper
cutouts & other effects such as paints ,
pressed flowers or gold trimmings!

Lesson 2

Understand Embroidery as a Craft and

It’s Techniques

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 Image by Anjiara Begum via

Learning Outcomes :
At the end of the lesson you are expected to do the following:

LO 2.1 Define embroidery as a needlecraft technique; and

LO 2.2 Identify the tools and materials used;

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sZ6umppfXyw

What I Need to Know

Learning Outcome 2.1

Define Embroidery as a Needlecraft Technique

Embroidery is like painting with a needle and thread. It is the application of

stitches to fabric in order to create a decoration. There are many stitches, and each
is designed either outline or fill in a selected design or illustration.

Embroidery is a traditional method for decorating a variety of personal

apparel, such as dainty handkerchief, collar on a blouse, home accessories like
tablecloth, napkins, bedspread and pillows. Sometimes the stitches simply add a
decorative border to an otherwise plain item. Or you may find a plain illustration that
is elaborately worked. The beauty of embroidery is that the stitches are not difficult to
learn, the design possibilities are quite extensive, and the potential for creative
expression is unlimited.

Development of Philippine Embroidery

Embroidery is the ornamentation of textiles and other materials with

needlework for personal use and decoration not only at home but for offices as well.
The term embroidery is an English word derived from the old French embroiders
meaning edge and border.

Embroidery was introduced into the Orient by the Netherlanders in the 15 th

century. It was bought by the Spaniards into the Philippines where it has made a

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wonderful growth, and work done it rivals the best work done in Switzerland, a
country noted for its exquisite embroidery.

Embroidery reached its highest development during the middle ages. The
nuns in the convent were the first to make articles with embroidery work during their
leisure time. Since then, it became so popular that women started to enjoy it,
creating designs of their own. In the beginning embroideries were done by hand. But
since the advent of technology and the invention of the sewing machine, people are
now engaged in the machine embroidery.

Today, because of the fast growth of the industry, elegance of designs and
fineness of workmanship, Filipinos export articles with embroidery work. Embroidery
work is best achieved if correct tools and materials are used. Tools refer to small or
handy devices/instruments used in sewing while materials or supplies are those that
are consumed in finishing a project.

What I Need to Know

Learning Outcome 2.2

Identify the Tools and Materials Used in Embroidery

TOOLS IN EMBROIDERY
Name Function Drawing

-use to measure short distance

1. Gauge

2. Tape -used for measuring more than one- foot

Measure distance or materials

- made from metal or plastic used to protect the

middle finger and push the needle while doing
3. Thimble your embroidery work. This comes in sizes 6
(small)
to 12 ( large)

- made of wood, bone, metal or plastic used to

4. Embroidery make eyelets in the fabric to be embroidered. It
hoop/stiletto is also use to keep the fabric stretched while
embroidery stitches are applied on the design.

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 -It is advisable to place tissue paper over the
inner hoop or twist or wrap the inner hoop with a
thin material to prevent markings on the fabric.

-is small, sharp and pointed-good for fine work

5. Embroidery
use for trimming scallops, clipping threads and
Scissor
cutting large eyelets.

-is use for easier threading especially by those

6. Needle
sewers with poor eyesight
Threader

- is fine powder used in transferring design by

7. Pounce
pricking method

Name Function Drawing

8.Embroidery -sizes 1-10 are sharp-pointed, medium length

Needle- with large eye for easy threading & are used for
(Crewel most standard embroidery stitchery.

-sizes 13-26 are also sharp-pointed needles but

they are thicker and longer and have larger
9. Chenille
eyes. They are that types of needles appropriate
for embroidery that is worked with heavier yarns.

-is from sizes 13-26. They are similar in size to

10. Tapestry chenille but are blunt rather than sharp. This
Needle makes them best for thread-counting embroidery
and for the needle point as well.

11. Water -use for transferring the design using pricking

Color Brush and pouncing methods

12. Pin
-used to hold pins and needles
Cushion

13. Tracing
-used for tracing designs
Paper

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14. Sewing -use to keep together the embroidery tools and
Box materials

-to keep work clean and fresh, have a bag made

from washable material to hold your work when
15. Bag
not busy on it.

Images by rialyn 2392 via https://www.slideshare.net/rialyn2392/handicraft-

embroidery-tools-and-materials

MATERIALS IN EMBROIDERY

Name Function Drawing

Sometimes referred to as cloth, are of great

1. Fabric variety and they differ in material, weight,
weave, design, color, and finish.

Types of Fabrics

-includes most tightly woven fabrics with a

1. Common relatively smooth surface like linen, wool, and
Wave cotton. They are best used for articles with
decorative stitches.
-are intended for hardanger embroidery since
2. Even Wave the number of threads per square inch is same
for both warp and woof.
-is commonly used by beginner and ramie linen
by those who have been used to this
3. Basket
embroidery. It supplies guidelines for cross stitch
wave
and smocking having an evenly spaced pattern
like gingham cloth and polka dots.
-is available in various types. They differ in
terms of texture, fiber content, number of
4. Thread strands and color. Threads are usually coded in
numbers and color names . They can be bought
in skeins, balls or spools. The color of the thread

17
 should suit the color and texture of the design
and the fabric to be embroidered.

What I Have Learned

Activity 2.1

THINK AND DRAW


Direction: Supply the missing information. Write the answer in your answer
sheet.

Name of
Drawing Functions/Usage
Tools/Materials

1. 2.

3. 4.

Needle Threader 5.

-is available in various

types. They differ in terms
6. of texture, fiber content,
number of strands and
color.

Pin cushion 7.

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 -is small, sharp and
pointed-good for fine work
8. use for trimming scallops,
clipping threads and
cutting large eyelets.

9. 10.

Lesson 3
Create Embroidered Products with Package

Image by:http://embroideryit.blogspot.com/2013/04/machine-embroidery-spring-hand-towels.html

Learning Outcomes :
At the end of the lesson you are expected to do the following:
LO 3.1 Manipulate properly the tools and materials for
embroidery;
LO 3.2 Combine stitching techniques in embroidery,
Calado and smocking to create a well-made project ;and
LO 3.3 Select appropriate and quality packaging
19
material for embroidered articles.
 What I Need to Know
Learning Outcome 3.1

Manipulate Properly the Tools and Materials for Embroidery

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 Proper Care of Embroidery Thread

As one of the most essential elements to the stitches process, it’s important to
ensure proper and careful care of embroidery thread. Store it properly under
controlled conditions to avoid the following issues.

1. Thread Dents – when a cone falls onto the floor, the point of impact can
“dent” the thread, resulting in a weak spot ( or spots) that can
ultimately lead to problems as the thread travels towards the
needle. This is a common problem for those that stores unused
cones on top of their machine. Those cones will “walk” across
the machine table due to the vibration of sewing and ultimately
end up on the floor.

2. Discoloring and Fading – Threads specially rayon, will fade when exposed to
sunlight for extended period of time If your threads are stored on
the window sill or anywhere that sunlight can strike them force,
you risk fading and discoloring.

3. Lint Buildup— Thread that sit out, exposed to the elements of your shop’s
environment are prone to dust and lint building up. Over time,
such build up can sink down into the threads. When the thread
travels through the upper thread path, it takes the crud with it,
dispensing it along the way onto critical surfaces (such as
tensioners) that need to remain clean and smooth. The end
result will be inconsistent upper thread tension and possible
thread breaks.

4. Brittleness – In addition to discoloring and fading, excessive exposure to

sunlight can dry out the thread and lead to brittleness in fibers.
Obviously, this will weaken the thread and lead to excessive
thread break

EMBROIDERY STITCHES

There are various embroidery stitches which you can choose from when you
do embroidery work. For you to gain more skill on this line, below are the illustration
of some of the embroidery stitches which will help and guide you as you enjoy
working on this lovely craft.

1. Back Stitch – the most often used to outline a design.

This stitch also forms the base line for other embroidery

21
stitches.

2. Bullion Stitch – a single detached stitch that is used

for filling in a design area. Rows and bullion stitches
may also be used to outline a design. It is recommended
that one uses a needle with a small eye for ease in pulling.

3. Chain Stitch – one of the most popular stitches used

for outlining. When worked in close rows, chain stitches
make good stitches for filling the design area.

4. Cross-Stitch – stitches formed by two crossing arms

and may be used for outlining, as borders or to fill in an
entire area.

5. Feather Stitch – a stitch with a loop and stitches evenly

worked on both left and right sides of a design area.

6. Fish Bone – a kind of filling stitch which is ideal for

making leaves or feathers. It requires us to divide the
pattern into two and each side is alternately giving it a
plaited effect in the center, thus ideal to make leaves or
feathers.

7. French Knot – a single detached stitched used primarily

to fill in a design area. It is a popular stitch among
embroiderers that can be used to create the eyes of an
embroidered face or the center of a flower.

8. Herringbone Stitch – a basic overlapping stitch popular

for its use in borders.

9. Lazy Daisy Chain Stitch – also called detached chain

stitch. This stitch works in a circle pattern to resemble the
petals of a flower.

10. Looped Stitch – a decorative stitch and can be

experimented with threads for various colors over borders.
Close layers of this stitch can create wonderful effects on
a pattern.

11. Running Stitch – considered being the easiest stitch

for outlining.

22
12. Satin Stitch – a solid filling stitch that is used to cover
a design area with long straight stitches worked very close
together.

13. Split Stitch – done using quite threads such as wool.

It is used as an outline stitch or as a filling stitch.

14. Seed Stitch – also known as grain stitch. It uses

simple straight stitch in a single direction to fill in patterns.
It has shorter stitches above the fabric and longer stitches
on the reverse side.

15. Stem Stitch – basically an outline stitch. This stitch is

usually used for flower stems and outlines. It can only be
used as filling and rows of stem stitch worked closely together
within a shape until it is filled completely.

What I Have Learned

Activity 2.1
IDENTIFICATION
l. Direction : Identify the kind of embroidery stitches that is being describe.
Write your answer on your answer sheet.

1. The simplest stitch and quickest to do. Used as outline or as a filling to make
texture. The stitches are of equal length with equal spaces between them.
2. Also known as detached chain stitch and it resemble the petals of a flower when
work in circle.
3. A kind of filling which is ideal for making leaves or feathers.
4. A decorative stitch that can be experimented with threads for various colors over
borders.
5. A popular stitch among embroiderers that can be used to create on an
embroidered red face or the center of a flower.
ll. Direction : Identify the kind of stitches drawn below.

1. ____ 5. _____

2. ____ 6. _____

23
3. ____ 7. _____

4. ____ 8. _____

What I Need to Know

Learning Outcome 3.2

Combine Stitching Techniques in Embroidery, Calado and

Smocking to Create a Well-Made Project

Stitching Techniques
1. Back Stitch
a. Bring the thread through A and take it in through B.
This creates one stitch.

b. Bring the thread through C and take it in through B.

This way we are creating a stitch by taking the thread
backward.

c. Bring the thread through D and take it in through C.

Continue this pattern to finish the design.

d. A finished line of back stitch will look like this.

2. Bullion Stitch
a. Bring the needle out through A and put the needle
through B at a desired length.

b. Now, bring the needle out through A again. Then

wind the thread around the needle as shown. The
distance of wound thread should measure the same as
the distance between A and B. Too many or too less wraps
will spoil the stitch.

24
 c. Then, hold the wrapped thread with your fingers and
pull the needle out with the other finger. Keep pulling the
needle completely in an upward direction till the wraps lay
on the fabrics as shown above. Adjust and straighten the
wraps if required and put in the needle back through B.

3. Chain Stitch
a. Bring the needle through at the top of the traced line

b. Hold the working thread down towards the left with

the thumb.

c. Insert the needle at the point where the thread has

just come through and bring it up on the traced line about
one-sixteenth of an inch (1.5mm) further along.

4. Cross-Stitch

a. Bring the needle out through A and take it diagonally

across to B. Bring it back again through C, which lies
vertically below A.

b. Now put the needle in through D which lies vertically

above B. You have made a single cross stitch.

25
5. Feather Stitch
a. We begin by doing a long tailed daisy with the start
point on A. The loop is angled at about 45 degrees since
we are making a zig zag pattern. While making the “tail”
before going in through the fabric we wrap the thread around
the needle as shown in the illustration.

b. Then, the needle is put in through C and brought out

through D, again at an angle of about 45 degrees. Next, loop
the thread around the needle as shown. This is to make the
next long tailed daisy.

c. Continue this procedure of making long tailed daisies at

45 degrees angle.

d. This illustration shows a portion of the feathered chain

stitch.

6. Fish Bone
a. To begin with, bring the needle out through point A which
is the top tip of line Y. Put it in through B to make a single
straight stitch.

b. Now bring the needle out from a point very close to A

on the line X. Put it in through a point very close to B on
line Y. Again pull out the needle through a point very close
to A on line Z.

26
 c. This procedure of putting in the needle through X and Z
alternately is to be followed each time we will be connecting
X-Y and Y-Z.
d. Make sure all stitch points lie close to each other to avoid
any visible spaces.

e. Half way through our leaf would look like this. You can
see the rib being formed.

f. Once finished, the filled leaf would look like this.

7. French Knot
a. Bring the needle out through A.

b. Now, place the needle close to the fabric. Wrap the thread
around it twice as shown on the illustration.

c. Keep the longer end of the thread pulled with your fingers
while putting the needle back in a point just close to A or even
through A.

27
8. Herringbone Stitch
a. Bring the needle out through the first stitch line A.
Now take the needle in through B, which lies diagonally
across A on the second stitch line. Then, take the needle
backward out through C which lies near B.

b. Now, the same procedure will be worked on the first

stitch line. Take the needle diagonally across to D
and bring the needle backward out through E.

c. Continue to make such crosses on both stitch lines

alternately . Make sure the diagonal stitches are parallel to
each other to bring out the best look.

9. Lazy Daisy Chain Stitch

a. Bring the thread out through A. Put in the needle near A
and bring out through the point B but don’t pull the needle out
completely. Now, loop the thread around the needle like we
did on chain stitch.

b. Pull out the needle out to tighten the loop. Put in the needle
just outside the chain created and that will finish the lazy daisy
stitch.

c. This stand alone stitch can be used freely to be part of any

design. If you want to make a flower make a multiple lazy
daisies around the marked stitch line to create a flower
design.

d. The completed flower made of multiple lazy daisies.

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10. Looped Stitch
a. Lay the foundation by doing a running stitch.
Take a contrasting colored thread and bring it out from
near the first running stitch.

b. Start following the Pekinese stitch technique. Take

the needle in through the second stitch and come out
through the first, making a loop.

c. Continue this action of “looping” using the running

stitch foundation as illustrated.

d. Finish up the pattern for it to look like this.

11. Running Stitch

a. Bring the needle out at 1.

b. Insert needle down at 2.

c. Continue steps a and b, working right to left to make

29
 several running stitches. Check that the stitches on both
right and wrong sides of fabric are of equal length.

12. Satin Stitch

a. Bring the needle out through A and put it in through B.
So, that makes a stitch which covers a small area between
the stitch lines.

b. Now bring the needle back through C, a point very close

to A. Continue this action over the two stitch lines.

c. Once finished, the area is filled as shown. You will be

spending as much thread on the reverse side as you do on
the actual side of the fabric.

13. Split Stitch

a. Bring out the thread through A and pull it in through B.

b. Take the needle backward to bring it out through C.

Note that C lies halfway between A and B.

c. While bringing out the thread through C, take it in

between the thread, splitting it into two.

d. Again, put the needle in through D to bring it out through

B, splitting the thread backward.

e. Continue this procedure to finish the stitch. The only thing

to keep in mind is to split the thread when bringing the needle

30
 out. In some way, it will give you a visual feel of chain stitch.

f. The reverse of the fabric will give you a back stitch pattern.
14. Seed Stitch
a. Make rows of short running stitch as illustrated.
You need not do row after row as long as the strawberry
seed patterns is more or less maintained.

b. Try not to bend with the curves of the pattern. The

rows of running stitch should essentially be done in straight
lines.

15. Stem Stitch

a. Bring out the thread through A and take it in through B.
Take the needle backward and bring the thread out through
C. Make sure the point C lies over the stitch A-B.

b. You need to note that the point C lies about half way
through A and B. Also note that C lies on top of the stitch
A-B. So, all the subsequent stitch points will lie on top of the
previous stitch.

CALADO AND SMOCKING

Calado Embroidery – is a traditional style of whitework embroidery from the
Philippines. Calado (piercing) is a mehod of decorating a textile by pulling out
threads from certain areas, reinforcing other areas and sewing them together to
make intricate lacy design. The most ideal fabric to use in making Caldo are Linen
and Piña cloth.

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 This piece of Calado is from the corner of a tablecloth.

Stitches for Calado Embroidery

1. Running Stitch – This is the most basic stitch. Be careful that all the
stitches and gaps are of equal length. Bring needle up at 1
down
at 2. Pick up several stitches on needle before pulling it throug.
A variation of this stitch is to work a thread of a different color
in
between the stitches. Be careful not to pull the thread too tight.

2. Back Stitch – Bring the needle up and down through 2, completing the
first stitch. Then bring the needle through at 3 and carry it
back down again at 1 to complete the second stitch. Distance
between 3-1 and 1-2 should be equal. Repeat sequence for next
stitch, needle entering at 2 should go into hole made by thread
emerging at 2 should go into hole made by thread emerging
from point 1 of previous stitch. Be careful that all stitches should
be even. It can be threaded in a similar way to running stitch. To
work single-threaded line, use a blunt needle to lace the yarn
under each stitch.

3. Stem Stitch – Bring the needle out at 1., insert at 2 and exit a half
stitch back at 3. Distance 1-3 and 3-2 should be equal .
Note the
point of 3 of previous stitch is now 1 and the needle emerging at
3 is coming from hole made by thread entering at point 2 of
previous stitch.

4. Satin Stitch – It is one of the most important embroidery stitches. It is

used for filling in areas. It appears simple, but it takes some
practice to get the coverage absolutely even. The direction in
which these stitches lie is very important. Look carefully at the
design before you begin stitching as the direction you choose
will influence the way the light reflects of the area and the look of
the filled space.

5. Blanket Stitch – This is also called the buttonhole stitch and is frequently

32
 used to protect the fabric at the edges of the blanket or
round
button holes. To make blanket stitch you will work from left to
right. Bring the needle out at 1 on bottom line. Insert at 2 on top
line and slightly n the right then exit at 3, directly below. Before
pulling needle through, carry yarn under point of needle.
Proceed to the next stitch. Point 3 of previous stitch is now point
1. Work entire row in the same way, keeping height of stitches
even throughout.

6. Fly Stitch - It is also known as open loop. It can be worked individually or

paced in groups and rows to give different effects. Bring the
needle up at 1. Insert at 2 directly across, then angle needle out
at 3. Points 1, 2 and 3 should be in an equal distant. Carry the
thread under the needle point and pull through. Complete stitch
by inserting at 4 over loop.

7. Chain Stitch – It is one of the most popular embroidery stitches for

outlining or for filling an area. Bring the needle out at 1. Insert
back at the same hole at point 1 and bring out at 2 carrying
thread under needlepoint, then pull it through. Point 2 is now
point 1 of next stitch. Work all stitches the same way, always
inserting needle into the hole made by emerging thread. To end
row take a small stitch over last chain loop to hold it down.

8. Lazy Daisy Stitch – A variant of chain stitches, it is useful for

making small flower petals. It is made by forming a loop in the
usual way. Bring needle out at 1. Insert back into same hole at
point 1; and exit at 2; carry thread under needle point then pull
through. Insert needle at 3 over chain loop and then bring
needle out at point 1 for the next chain stitch. Continue the
way until all petals are complete.

9. Van Dyke Stitch – It is a stitch used for leaf design. As the stitch is formed,
a thin braided line is formed at the center to represent the
central vein of the leaf. The first 4 steps in the following series
start the design. The fifth and sixth steps are repeated in
sequence thereafter.

10. French Knot – These small knots appear like beads. They can be used
as filling for the center of a flower. This is how it is done. Bring
needle to the right side of the material at the point where the

33
 knot is to be made. (A) Hold the thread family between the left
thumb and first (index) finger quite closed to the fabric. Twist the
thread around the needle pulling it taut. Turn the needle in the
opposite direction and insert it closed to the point where the
thread emerged. Pull the needle through the coils of thread on
the wrong side of the work.

SMOCKING
Smocking – is another form of embroidery; it consists of fancy gathering or
honeycomb ornamentation on garment . The stitches used are back stitch and
a variation of chevron, herringbone, whipped running and chain stitches. It is
best used as ornamental gathering in ladies’ and children’ dresses. It is also
applicable in home interior decoration such as curtains, lampshades and
cushions. Smocking is an English word for shirt or chemise.
Types of Smocking
1. English Smocking – The material of the cloth is gathered first before the
pleats before applying by desired stitches.
2. Regular Smocking – The gatherings are formed as the embroidery stitches
are applied.
Tools and Materials in Smocking
1. Fabric or Cloth – This should be firm, light, and even weave.
Example : cotton, checkered cloth, poplin
2. Needle – A needle with a sharp point and a big eye to handle several
strands of thread.
3. Thread – depending on a fabric used, it may be double to seven strands.

Embroidery Stitches in Smocking

1. Cable Smocking – The thread should pass above and below the grid alternately,
gathering in the fold of the fabric stitch.
1. Cable Smocking Variation A
The stitches are horizontally done. The top and bottom stitches are
doubled. Turn the Fabric to start a new row.
2. Cable Smocking Variation B
Do the first row horizontally and every row alternately. Follow the
diamond pattern and take up two pleats in one stitch.
3. Cable Smocking Variation C
Use the cable stitch and wave smocking
2. Chevron Smocking –
1. Chevron Smocking Variation A
It is better to use checkered or dotted fabric; no grid is needed
2. Chevron Smocking Variation B
It is done diagonally on a checkered fabric.
3. Chain Smocking

34
 It is used on the neckline and the wrists of the article. This stitch does not
stretch
4. Honeycomb or Seed Smocking
The thread passes between two gathers on the wrong side of the fabric. Only
short stitches are visible.
5. Outline Smocking
Start on the wrong side and pull the needle on the right side A. Take B to C to
the following gather, then stitch from left to right

What I Have Learned

Activity 2.2
A. Identification
Direction : Identify what is being described below. Choose your answer from
the box and write it on your test notebook.

1. A
Lazy Daisy Split Stitch Satin Stitch Van Dyke
Back Stitch Cross Stitch Running Stitch Seed Stitch
French Knot Fly Stitch Blanket Chain Stitch

kind of stitch that crosses the thread from A to C and from C to D.

2. It is composed of flowers in order to form this kind of stitch.
3. An easiest kind of stitch that produces a stitch that is equal in length both on the
wrong side and right side of the fabric.
4. You will be spending as much thread on the reverse side as you do on actual side
of the fabric.
5. It is composed of rows of short running stitches to fully fill the strawberry pattern.
6. A kind of stitch used for leaf designs.
7. It is also known as Open Loop that can be worked individually or in groups.
8. It is also called the buttonhole stitch and is used frequently to protect fabric at the
edges of blanket or round button holes,
9. A kind of stitch that is used to outline a design.
10. A stitch that appear like beads which are used for filling the center of the flower.

B. Classification
Direction :Classify the following stitches either Embroidery, Calado and
Smocking. Write your answer on your Answer Sheet.

1. Van Dyke ________________

2. Satin ________________

35
3. Chevron ________________
4. Blanket ________________
5. Seed ________________
6. Fly ________________
7. Honeycomb ________________
8. Fish Bone ________________
9. Cable ________________
10. Cross ________________

What I Need to Know

Learning Outcome 3.3

Select Appropriate and Quality Packaging Materials for

Embroidered Articles

Packaging has been defined by Paine (1962) as the “art science and
technology of preparing goods for transport and sale”. More specifically, it is a way of
making sure that a product reaches the end user in good condition at the least cost
to the producer. In effect, a packaging material provides the means of transporting a
product from one place to another with maximum protection at the least cost. 


The main aims of packaging are to keep the product in good condition until it
is sold and consumed, and to encourage customers to purchase the product. Correct
packaging is essential to achieve both these objectives.

 Packaging should provide the correct environmental conditions of product

starting from the time product is packed until the time of consumption. A
good package should therefore perform the following functions: 


1. Provide a barrier against dirt and other contaminants thus keeping the product clean
2. Prevent losses. For example, packages should be securely closed to prevent leakage
3. Protect items against physical and chemical damage. For example the harmful
effects of air, light, insects, and rodents. Each product has its own needs 

4. Package design should provide protection and convenience in handling and
transport during distribution and marketing 

5. Help the customers to identify the product and instruct them how to use it correctly
6. Persuade the consumer to purchase the product


36
 7. Cluster or group together small items in one package for 
 efficiency. 

8. Marketing - The packaging and labels can be used 
 by marketers to encourage
potential buyers to purchase the 
 product.
9. Correct packaging prevents any wastage (such as leakage or 
 deterioration) which
may occur during transportation and 
 distribution. 


Classification of packaging according to use:

As a primary package – This type of package is meant to directly contain the
product. Hence, it gets in direct contact with the goods. Thus, this package is
expected to meet all the requirements for safety and protection of the consumers.
As a secondary package – This is utilized to contain a specified number of unit
packs. Its major function is to allow for the unit packs to be carried in bulk.

As a tertiary package – When transporting in bulk, the secondary package may

have to be packed again for greater protection and for bulk transfer. Use of tertiary
package is normally for bulk transport or storage in large warehouses.

Types of Packaging materials 


In many developing countries the most commonly used packaging materials

include: 

1. Papers, newsprint 
 3. Plastics
2. Glass 
 4. Cellophane
Paper
Paper is an inexpensive packaging material. It is however highly absorptive,
fairly easily torn, and offers no barrier to water or gases. The degree of paper re-use
will depend on its former use, and therefore paper that is dirty or stained should be
rejected. Newsprint should be used only as an outer wrapper and not be allowed to
come into direct contact with food, as the ink used is toxic.

Glass
Glass has many properties which make it a popular choice as a packaging material:
1. Glass is able to withstand heat treatments such as pasteurization and
2. sterilization.
3. Does not react with food. 

4. Protects the food from crushing and bruising 

5. Resistant to moisture, gases, odors and microorganisms 

6. Re-usable, re-sealable and recyclable
7. Transparent, allowing products to be displayed. Colored glass 
 may be used
either to protect the food from light or to attract customers.

37

 Disadvantages of using glass as packaging materials 

1. Glass is heavier than many other packaging materials and this may lead to
higher transport costs 

2. It is easy to fracture, scratch and break if heated or cooled too quickly. 

3. Potentially serious hazards may arise from glass cracks or fragments.

Preparation of glass containers 


1. Inspection 

2. Washing. 

3. Rinsing.. 

4. Sterilization. 

5. Sealing and capping 

6. Cooling 


Plastics

The use of various plastics for containing and wrapping food depends on what
is available. Plastics are extremely useful as they can be made in either soft or hard
forms, as sheets or containers, and with different thickness, light resistance, and
flexibility. The filling and sealing of plastic containers is similar to glass containers.
Flexible films are the most common form of plastic. Generally, flexible films
have the following properties:
1. Cost is relatively low. 

2. Good barrier properties against moisture and gases. 

3. Heat sealable to prevent leakage of contents. 

4. Have wet and dry strength. 

5. Easy to handle and convenient for the manufacturer, retailer, 
 and
consumer. 

6. Little weight to the product. 

7. Fit closely to the shape of the product, thereby wasting little 
 space during
storage and distribution. 


What I Have Learned

38
Activity 2.3
Multiple Choice
Direction: Read the following statements carefully and choose the answer
that best describes the statement. Write the letter of your
answers on your test notebook.

1. What is the process of putting your product into containers for easy distribution?
a. Packaging b. Labeling c. Wrapping d. Storing
2. This packaging material is man-made polymers of very high molecular weight.
a. Cellophane b. Glass
 c. Metal
 d. Paper
3. An art of science and technology of preparing goods for transport and sale.
a. packaging b. Labeling c. Wrapping d. Storing
4. It is an inexpensive packaging material that is highly absorptive, easily torn, and
offers no barrier to water or gases.
a. Plastic b. Paper c. Glass d. Wood
5. What is the process of putting your product into containers for easy distribution?
a. Packaging b. Labeling c. Wrapping d. Storing

.
What I can do

Performance Task (Individual Activity) 


Practice and enhance your skills on the different kinds of stitches in embroidery.
Your performance will be rated based on the rubric below.
PILLOW CASE
Materials
Fabric – Katsa (Cacha) Embroidery Floss
Pattern (You may create your own pattern) 

Needle, Scissor

Procedure:
1. First, pick a fabric to be embroidered.
2. Trace and transfer the design to the cloth.
3. Choose the string color and weight of the floss.
4. Thread the needle by slipping the floss through the needle eye and letting a few
inches dangle. Don’t double the string. Keep the amount of floss your working with
to 20 inches to prevent tangling.
5. Stitch the design using the different stitches & following the pattern.

39
 RUBRICS FOR EMBROIDERY
4 3 2 1
Pattern Pattern was neatly Pattern was Patter was drawn on No paper
traced onto paper traced onto fabric but no paper pattern or
& fabric paper and pattern was provided pattern drawn
fabric but had on fabric
some neatness
issues.
Stitching All stitches are Most stitches Stitches are not Stitches do not
neat and even. No are even. Slight even. Fabric is follow pattern.
puckers or lumps puckering of puckered in 2 or Fabric is
in the fabric. fabric. Small more places. Large puckered in 3 or
Follows the skips in the gaps in pattern. more places.
patterns pattern.
Stitch At least 3 different At least two Only one stitch was Only one stitch
Selection types of stitches different types used and was was used and
were used in the of stitches were properly executed had execution
project and were used and were errors
properly executed properly
executed
Over All The project looks There are one The project is fairly The project
Appearance very neat and or two stray neat does not look
shows that care threads or neat. Care was
was taken with stitching not taken with
details details

Time Project was turned Student needed Student needed The student did
Management in on time or early extra time(1-2 excessive time (3-4 not finish
days) to finish days) to finish project project.
project

Post-test
l. Multiple Choice
Direction: Identify the name of embroidery stitches below.Write the letter of
the correct answer
1.
a. French Knot b. Fish Bone c. Lazy Daisy

40
2.
a. Satin Stitch b. Cross Stitch c. Seed Stitch

3.
a. Bullion Stitch b. Fish Bone c. French Knot

4.
a. French Knot b. Feather Stitch c. Herringbone Stitch

5.
a. Stem Stitch b. Cross Stitch c. Chain Stitch

a. Back Stitch b. Split Stitch c. Seed Stitch

6.

a.. Satin b. French Knot c. Feather Stitch

7.

a. Chain Stitch b. Fish Bone d. Looped Stitch

8.

9. a. Running Stitch b. Back Stitch d. Lazy Daisy

10.

a. Fish Bone b. satin Stitch d. Seed Stitch

11. Identification
Direction: Name each embroidery tool. Choose your answer from the box.

Fabric Stiletto Pin Cushion

Sewing Box Thimble Embroidery Scissor
Crewel Embroidery Scissor Needle Threader
Pounce Gauge Tape Measure

41
1. 6.

2. 7.

3. 8.

4. 9.

5. 10.

Generalization:
This module gave you the opportunity in developing your skills in making
Embroidery products in accordance to the standard operating procedures,
knowledge and techniques you learned in Needlecraft. t may helped you equipped
with life skills which may be of great help during this Pandemic Crisis .

42
 The most beautiful kinds of hand embroidery need great care and skill, but all
embroidery, however elaborate, is based on a few simple stitches which anyone who
likes needlework can learn to do. As you become more skillful you can go on the
finer work.

This module helped you developed your values, attitudes and skills in the
work through the application of principles and techniques in Embroidery making.

GLOSSARY

Technical Terms Related to Needlecraft

43
REFERENCES

44
Books:
Anchor Embroidery Stitches. 100 Embroidery Stitches. A Coats Publication Book No.
1070: 1989

K TO 12 Basic Education Curriculum Technology and Livelihood Education

Learning Module- Handicraft Production

Worktext in Technology and Livelihood Education (RBEC_BASED)

Internet Sources
 https://scribd.com

 http://casa-balcones.com/2014/01/09/mnatel-calado-maranuela

 https//www.slideshare.net

 https://www.slideshare.net/mobile/AllannaUnias

 www.embroidery.rockse.org/images/embroidery

 https://www.willowfabrics.com

 https://egausa.org/seminar-classes-boston-stitch-party-2020/

 https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/808536939340146392/

 https://www.pinterest.co.uk/betafedosse/bordado/

 https://www.slideshare.net/rialyn2392/handicraft-embroidery-tools-and-materials

 https://www.pinterest.ph/ed3wards7/embroidery-flowers/

Writers:

45
 EMMYLOU MARIE A. OLARIO
Master Teacher I
Portulin National High School
District of Medina
Division of Misamis Oriental

Bachelor of Industrial Education

Home Economics and Livelihood Education

Commercial Cooking NC Ill

Cookery NC II
Bread and Pastry NC ll
Food Processing NC ll

PRESTER JOHN J. ASIS

Teacher I
Portulin National High School
District of Medina
Division of Misamis Oriental

Bachelor of Science in Business Administration

Business Management
SMAW NC ll

46