Bridge Inventory Guidelines JICA Srilanka

Bridge Inventory Development Manual
Road Development Authority Japan International Cooperation Agency
Road Development Authority

Japan International Cooperation Agency
Bridge Inventory Development

Manual
October 2017
The Project for Capacity Development on Bridge Management

In The Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Table of Contents
1. Purpose of Developing Bridge Inventory ································································ 1

2. Content of Bridge Inventory ··············································································· 2
2.1 Basic Information ························································································ 2
2.2 Important Index for Repair ··········································································· 11
2.3 Bridge Function Obsolete Index (for Reconstruction) ············································ 16
2.4 Structural Information ················································································· 18
3. Inventory Forms and Recording ········································································ 40
3.1 Record of Inventory data ·············································································· 40
3.2 General Procedures for Developing Bridge Inventory ············································ 40
i
List of Tables
Table 2.1 Province Code & Name 3
Table 2.2 District Code & Name 4
Table 2.3 EE Division Code & Name 5
Table 2.4 Types of Bridges 10
Table 2.5 Speed Limit 11
Table 2.6 Connectivity to Important Facilities 11
Table 2.7 Space for Temporary Bridge 12
Table 2.8 Bridge Length 12
Table 2.9 Span Length 12
Table 2.10 Bridge Piers in Water 13
Table 2.11 Access to Isolated Villages/Towns 13
Table 2.12 Traffic Characteristics 13
Table 2.13 Traffic Capacity 14
Table 2.14 Detour (Additional period of time) 14
Table 2.15 Strategically Important Route 15
Table 2.16 Crossings 15
Table 2.17 Utilities Attached 15
Table 2.18 Disturbance to water-flow at flood times 16
Table 2.19 Geometry, Clearance 16
Table 2.20 Design Loading 16
Table 2.21 Nature of Bridge 17
Table 2.22 Year-Round Mobility 17
Table 2.23 Disaster History 18
Table 2.24 Material of Pavement 18
Table 2.25 Expansion Joint 19
Table 2.26 Railing 19
Table 2.27 Drainage 19
Table 2.28 Superstructure 20
Table 2.29 Structure Type - Concrete 20
Table 2.30 Abbreviation of Superstructure (Steel or Composite) 25
Table 2.31 Abbreviation of Superstructure (Arch) 29
Table 2.32 Superstructure Type / Code Number 31
Table 2.33 Beam Type 32
ii
Table 2.34 Beam & Slab Material 34

Table 2.35 Substructure Material 34
Table 2.36 Material of Bearing 34
Table 2.37 Type of Bearing 34
Table 2.38 Substructure Type 38
Table 2.39 Material of Substructure 34
Table 2.40 Shapes of Substructure 39
Table 2.41 Abbreviation of Foundation 40
iii
List of Figures
Figure 2.1 Bridge Numbering 2

Figure 2.2 Separation of Structure 2
Figure 2.3 Widening to one side/two sides 3
Figure 2.4 Location for GPS Coordinates 6
Figure 2.5 Length of Bridge 6
Figure 2.6 Length of Arch Bridge 7
Figure 2.7 Length of Box Bridge 7
Figure 2.8 Skew Bridge 7
Figure 2.9 Width of Bridge 8
Figure 2.10 Carriageway and Sidewalk 9
Figure 2.11 Skew Angle 9
Figure 2.12 Distance to Coastal line 11
Figure 2.13 Carriageway Width 14
Figure 2.14 Nature of Bridge 17
Figure 2.15 Section of Superstructure 24
Figure 2.16 Type of Beams 33
Figure 2.17 Type of Bearing 35
Figure 2.18 Superstructure 35
Figure 2.19 Beam Spacing 36
Figure 2.20 Abutment 36
Figure 2.21 Pier 37
Figure 2.22 Box Bridge 38
iv
Abbreviations
Organizations
GOSL Government of Sri Lanka
MHEH Ministry of Higher Education and Highways
JICA Japan International Cooperation Agency
RDA Road Development Authority
Division in RDA
CD Construction Division
ES Engineering Services
M&M Maintenance and Management
BD Bridge Designs
P Planning
PMU Project Management Unit
RBCU Rural Bridges Construction Unit
R&D Research and Development
BM&AU Bridge Management and Assessment Unit
BAU Bridge Assessment Unit (1990s)
Position
DG Director General
ADG Additional Director General
DD Deputy Director
C/P Counterpart
PD Provincial Director
CE Chief Engineer
EE Executive Engineer
TO Technical Officer
Manual
BMM1997 Bridge Maintenance Manual /1997 RDA
RMM1989 Road Maintenance Manual /1989.2 RDA
VRCSG Visual Road Condition Surveys Guidelines / 2012.6 RDA Planning Division
Others
BMS Bridge Management System
OJT On-the-Job Training
BOQ Bill of Quantity
RMTF Road Maintenance Trust Fund
BIV Bridge Inspection Vehicle
PPE Personal Protective Equipment
DP Damage Point
HI Health Index
II Importance Index
FOI Functionally Obsolete Index
LHS Left Hand Side
RHS Right Hand Side
BDS Bridge Database System
BRMS Bridge Repair and maintenance System
BISS Bridge Inspection Support System
v
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1. Purpose of Developing Bridge Inventory
Bridge Inventory is developed for the purpose of storage and collection of basic data and information
on the present condition of bridges for repairing, widening and reconstruction.
Bridge Inventory should have information of existing condition of bridges for repairing, widening and
reconstruction. The basic rules for developing Bridge Inventory are given below:
(1) At the time of new construction and reconstruction of the bridge, the drawings must be stored in
database while developing Inventory data.
(2) If the Bridge Inventory is not available, it should be prepared at the time of inspection by collecting
information referring to design documents.
(3) If the design documents are unavailable, the major dimensions must be measured at the site and the
inventory data must be prepared.
(4) When the bridge type of the widened section is different from the original bridge type, Inventory data
of the widened section shall also be collected.
1
2. Content of Bridge Inventory
Inventory data should be based on following items.

Inventory data contains:
 Basic Information
 Importance Index for Repair
 Bridge Function Obsolete Index for Reconstruction
 Structural Information
2.1. Basic Information

Definition of a Bridge: Single Span > 3.0m
Multiple Spans: any Span > 3.0m
(1) a) Route Number

National Roads maintained by RDA is categorized as, AA, AB, AC or B. Route Number shall be shown by
3digits
(e.g. AA002)
b) Name of Road
Shall be shown as in the roads list of RDA.
(e.g. Colombo-Galle-Hambantota-Wellawaya)
(2) a) Bridge Number

The location of the bridge on the route, serial number of the bridge where n is the serial number of that
culvert / bridge within that kilometer. Before passing Nth km post, the bridge Number is called N/n
0 km 1/1 1/5 1/8 1 km 2/4 2/7 2 km
Figure 2.1 Bridge numbering
b) Name of Bridge
Name of the Bridge shall be mentioned in this section. If not, keep it blank.
(3) Separation/Widened
a) Separation
The Bridge is separated structure such as different lanes, shall be mentioned here.
Separation has data up to 4 sections. For example, if the bridge is separated 4 section with name of Br.1-1,
Br.1-2, Br.1-3, Br.1-4, separate structure data shall be given.
Br.1-1 Br.1-2 Br.1-3 Br.1-4

Figure 2.2 Separation of structure
2
b) Widened
The Bridge is widened from original condition. Record this condition. One side or both sides of widening
are noted but cannot be recorded as different structure types, but notes can be given.
Original Widening
Widening Original Widening

Figure 2.3 Widening to one side/two sides
(4) Province /District
a) Province
Administrative divisions in Sri Lanka consists of 9 Provinces. Choose codes accordingly.
Table 2.1 Province
Province code Province name

1 Western
2 Central
3 Southern
4 Northern
5 Eastern
6 North Western
7 North Central
8 Sabaragamuwa
9 Uva
3
b) District
The number of districts in each province and their codes are given below.
Table 2.2 District
Province
Province Name District code District name
Code
Western
1 11 Colombo
Western 1 12 Gampaha
1 13 Kalutara
Central
2 21 Kandy
Central 2 22 Matale
2 23 Nuwara Eliya
Southern
3 31 Galle
Southern 3 32 Matara
3 33 Hambantota
Northern
4 41 Jaffna
4 42 Vavuniya
4 43 Mannar
Northern
4 44 Mullaitivu
4 45 Kilinochchi
Eastern
5 51 Batticaloa
Eastern
5 52 Trincomalee
5 53 Ampara
North Western
6 61 Kurunegala
North Western
6 62 Puttalam
North Central
7 71 Anuradhapura
North Central
7 72 Polonnaruwa
Sabaragamuwa
8 81 Ratnapura
Sabaragamuwa
8 82 Kegalle
Uva
9 91 Badulla
Uva
9 92 Monaragala
(5) EE Division
There is a RDA Provincial Director’s Office in each Province and under Provincial Director’s office there
are CE offices & under one CE office there are number of EE offices as well. Exception is having an
additional Provincial Director in Akkaraipattu, in-charge of Ampara CE region.
4
Table 2.3 EE Division
EE division code District code EE division name

Western
111 11 Colombo
112 11 Avissawella
121 12 Gampaha
122 12 Negombo
123 12 Nittambuwa
131 13 Kalutara
132 13 Agalawatta
133 13 Horana
Central
211 21 Kandy
212 21 Kadugannawa
213 21 Kundasale
221 22 Matale
222 22 Nalanda
231 23 Nuwaraeliya
232 23 Norwood
233 23 Haguranketha
Southern
311 31 Galle
312 31 Hiniduma
321 32 Matara
322 32 Deniyaya
331 33 Tangalle
332 33 Kataragama
333 33 Hambanthota
Northern
411 41 Jaffna
412 41 Point Pedro/Palle
421 42 Vavuniya
431 43 Mannar
441 44 Mullativu
451 45 Kilinochchi
Eastern
511 51 Batticaloa
521 52 Trincomalee
531 53 Ampara
532 53 Kalmunai
533 53 Akkaraipattu
North Western
611 61 Kurunegala
612 61 Maho
613 61 Kuliyapitiya
621 62 Chilaw
622 62 Puttalam
North Central
711 71 Anuradhapura
712 71 Medawachchiya
713 71 Maradankadawala
721 72 Polonnaruwa
722 72 Habarana
5
Sabaragamuwa
811 81 Ratnapura
812 81 Pelmadulla
813 81 Embilipitiya
821 82 Kegalle
822 82 Ruwanwella
Uva
911 91 Bandarawela
912 91 Badulla
913 91 Mahiyangana
921 92 Monaragala
922 92 Bibile
(6) Location Start / Location End
Record the latitude and longitude measured by GPS at each abutment/edge (A1 LHS and A2 RHS) of the
bridge
Figure 2.4 Location for GPS Coordinates
(7) Length of Bridge /Total Number of Span:
Recording method of span length. (e.g.: Bridge length = 90.0 m)
Bridge Length = 90.0 m
Span Length = 30.0 m Span Length = 30.0 m Span Length = 30.0 m
Simply Supported Beam Simply Supported Beam Simply Supported Beam
Abutment Pier Pier Abutment
Figure 2.5 Length of Bridge
6
Bridge length of an Arch Bridge is given as follows.
Length of Bridge Length of Bridge
Clear Span Clear Span Clear Span
Figure 2.6 Length of Arch Bridge
Bridge length of the Box Bridge is given as follows.
Length of Bridge = Clear Span + 2t Length of Bridge = Ɩ + 2t

Ɩ = Clear Span *2 + a
t Clear Span t t Clear Span a Clear Span t

1 Cell 2 Cells
Figure 2.7 Length of Box Bridge
If the structure is skewed the bridge span can be referred as a perpendicular distance between the walls.
Clear Span
Figure 2.8 Skew Bridge
7
(8) Span Arrangement (Refer (7) Length of Bridge / Total Number of Spans)
(9) Width: (Overall / Effective)
a) Overall Width (From outside to outside of bridge); Effective Width (Overall Width – Handrail width)
b) Overall Width = Measured distance between outside of handrail.
c) Effective Width = Carriageway Width + Sidewalk Width
Figure 2.9 Width of Bridge
(10) Width of Cross section
If there are sidewalks, record the width of each sidewalk.

Record left side Carriageway, Center median & Right Carriageway
a) Left Sidewalk
Separated pathway for pedestrians to pass on the left side should be mentioned here
b) Right Sidewalk
Separated pathway for pedestrians to pass on the right side should be mentioned here
c) Left Carriageway
The part of a road intended for vehicles rather than pedestrians which usually have one or more lanes
on the left side should be mentioned here
d) Centre median
The median strip is the reserved area that separates opposing lanes of traffic on divided roadways
should be mentioned here.
e) Right carriageway
The part of a road intended for vehicles rather than pedestrians which usually have one or more lanes
on the right side should be mentioned here
f) Single lane carriageway

When the Bridge has only one lane, record the width as a single lane, with or without sidewalks.
8
Figure 2.10 Carriageway and Sidewalk
(Additional explanation on Bridge absolute condition: BMS calculates the bridge absolute condition in the
system following codes based on kerb -to -kerb width of roads and traffic capacity.)
(11) Skew Angle
Skew angle of 0° is described perpendicular to the road axis; the inclination from the center of the road
axis. (Refer to the figure below) is the skew angle (Positive or Negative).
A1side A2 side
0° 15°
A=0° A= -15°
Road Axis
(90°)
Bridge Axis
15°
A= +15°
Figure 2.11 Skew Angle
9
(12) Types of Bridges

Table 2.4 Types of Bridges
Type of Bridge Description

RCS Reinforced Concrete Slab
PSC Prestressed Concrete Bridge
Box Box Bridge
Steel Steel/Truss Bridge
Arch Arch Bridge
Other Timber/Brick Bridge etc…
(13) Design Documents
Availability of technical design calculations including drawings and construction history, should be
mentioned here.
(14) Year of Construction
Construction year is entered according to the available information.
(15) Design Live Load
Live loads are the weights of pedestrians, vehicles, borne by the bridge during its use and occupancy
which should be mentioned here.
a) British Standard
b) Comment:
(16) Load Limit
Bridges having an axle load limit (or gross weight load rating) indicated by a sign posted in a visible
position in front of the bridge, should be mentioned here.
(17) Traffic Volume - (v/d) & Commercial Vehicle Ratio (%)
Record traffic volume in vehicle/day (v/d) with the rate of heavy vehicles in %. This information is an
indicator to grasp the deterioration factor (deck fatigue).
(18) Road Surface to Water Level (WL)
The height of the bridge across the river is from bridge surface to Normal Water Level (N.W.L) As for
High Flood Level (H.F.L), record the height from road surface to H.F.L in case of flooding. Collect the
information regarding H.F.L by interviewing local residents or markings etc... In case the road surface is
submerged due to the flooding, record H.F.L height as negative “(-x.xx m)”.
10
(19) Distance to Coastline (m)
Bridge close to the sea is affected from wind and waves containing chloride ion. As a basic information of
the bridge, record distance from Coastline approximately.
Figure 2.12 Distance to Coastal Line
2.2. Important Index for Repair
(20) Densely Inhabited Areas (DIA)

As per inhabited areas, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.5 DIA Section
Classification Code
Apply 2
- A speed limit is applied (i.e. ; The road is in built-up areas)
Not Apply 1
- A speed limit is NOT applied (i.e. ; The road is outside the built-up areas)
A road performs an important role on daily living function and economic activities in regions. In order to
decide whether bridges are within DIA or outside DIA, a road that runs in Built-Up Areas and has a speed
limit is referred to by The Gazette of the Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka (No.1763/26-Friday,
JUNE 22, 2012). Therefore, this item should be updated in accordance with The Gazette.
(21) Connectivity to Important Facilities

As for facilities connected by a road, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.6 Important Facilities
Classification Code
Extremely important facilities; 3
airports, seaports, major bus terminals, major train stations, government hospitals
Important facilities; 2
national schools, places of tourist attraction, agricultural farms, industrial facilities,
places of religious importance, national shrines, bus station, train stations
No important connectivity 1
11
(22) Difficulty in Restoration
a) Space for temporary bridge

In respect of space for temporary bridge for repair works, following relevant code should be recorded
in the inventory form.
Table 2.7 Temporary Bridge
Classification Code
No space for temporary bridge 3
Space for temporary bridge, outside ROW 2
Space for temporary bridge, within ROW 1
In case of significant damages / a collapse of a bridge, a temporary bridge would be necessary parallel
to the damaged bridge in order to maintain the flow of traffic.
b) Bridge Length
As per bridge length, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.8 Bridge Length
Classification Code
Bridge length is more than 50 m. 2
Bridge length is 50 m or less. 1
In case that bridge length is 50 meters or more, it could require a long duration for repair works, a long
temporary bridge, much labor, and much cost.
c) Span Length
For span length, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.9 Span Length
Classification Code
Span length is more than 25 m. 2
Span length is 25 m or less. 1
In general, the span of pretention beam is 25 meters or less. In case that span length is more than 25 m,
it takes a long duration for restoration of traffic due to additional works, such as detailed design,
assembling rebar, assembling form, concrete placement and so on.
12
d) Bridge Piers in water

As per bridge piers in water, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.10 Bridge Pier
Category Code
Bridge piers in water in need of cofferdam 2
- The cofferdam is necessary for repair work due to bridge piers in water.
Bridge piers outside water or not crossing river 1

- The cofferdam is NOT necessary for repair works, in case that bridge piers are
NOT in water or a bridge does NOT cross a river.
In case of repair of bridge piers in water, a cofferdam is necessary. This work require a long duration,
much labor, and much cost due to the work in / near water.
(23) Access to Isolated Villages / Towns
If there is a possibility of isolation of villages / towns due to collapse of a bridge, following relevant
code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.11 Access to Village, Town
Classification Code
Apply- Villages / towns could be isolated due to loss of access when a bridge is 2
collapsed,
Not apply- Villages / towns NOT isolated even if a bridge is collapsed. 1
(24) Traffic Characteristics

As per traffic volume (PCU/day), following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.12 Traffic Characteristics
Classification Code
50,000 or more 5
20,000 – 49,999 4
5,000 – 19,999 3
500 – 4,999 2
0 – 499 1
Note: Relation of traffic volume and carriageway width
13
Figure 2.13 Carriageway Width
Table 2.13 Types of Cross-Section and Traffic Capacity
Type of Required
Traffic Capacity Median
Cross Carriageway Kerb-to-Kerb
(PCU/day) (m)
Section Width (m)
R0 72,000 – 108,000 2 x 10.50 1.20 22.20
R1 40,000 – 72,000 2 x 7.40 1.20 16.00
R2 25,000 – 40,000 2 x 7.40 1.20 16.00
R3 18,000 – 25,000 2 x 3.70 - 7.40
R4 300 – 18,000 2 x 3.10 - 6.20
R5 < 300 3.50 - 3.50
(25) Detour (Additional Period of Time)

For the requirement of additional time in case of detour, following relevant code should be recorded in
the inventory form.
Table 2.14 Detour
Classification Code
60 minutes or more 3
30 – 59 minutes 2
0 – 29 minutes 1
Drivers must choose alternative roads when a bridge is impassable. Detour should be on AA, AB, AC,
B and C class roads (not only on AA and B class roads). It is difficult to measure the length of detour;
therefore, it is decided to judge by the additional time needed when the detour occurs.
14
(26) Strategically Important Route

For the strategically important routes, relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.15 Important Route
Classification Code
Apply 2
Not apply 1
(27) Crossings
As per crossing condition, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.16 Crossings
Classification Code
Railway 5
Expressway 4
Traffic volume on PCU basis: 20,000 or more 33
Road Traffic volume on PCU basis: 500 – 19,999e 32
Traffic volume on PCU basis: 499 or less 31
River 2
None 1
Collapse of bridge crossing over railways, expressways and roads could result in serious accidents
leading to loss of lives, serious injuries and heavy adverse impacts on economic activities and
day-to-day activities of the concerned people due to closure of traffic.
(28) Utilities Attached

As per attached utilities, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.17 Utility Line
Category Code
Oil pipeline 6
Water supply / sewage pipes 5
Power cable 4
Telecommunication cable (metal) 3
Telecommunication cable (optic) 2
Others 1
Utilities are indispensable to support the daily living function. Utilities could be damaged during the
collapse of a bridge, and this damage would have an important influence on the public.
15
(29) Disturbance to water flow at flood times

As per the number of span, following relevant code should be recorded in the inventory form.
Table 2.18 Flooding
Classification Code
Single spans 3
2 spans 2
3 or more spans, no crossing the river 1
In case that a bridge is crossing a river in single span, the reduction of the water opening could occur
due to collapse of a bridge. This could cause a serious case, such as overflow and washing away
abutments / piers by erosion at riverbank behind abutments or scour at piers.
2.3. Bridge Function Obsolete Index (for Reconstruction)
(30) Geometry, Clearance

Record relevant codes according to Alignment of approach road or clearance of bridge.
Table 2.19 Geometry, Clearance
Classification Code
Bad alignment, Horizontal/Vertical alignment is bad, driving speed is reduced. Or
Horizontal/Vertical clearance is not enough, it will restrict safe driving . There are 3
history of accidents.
Bad alignment, Horizontal/Vertical alignment is bad, driving speed is reduced. Or
2
Horizontal/Vertical clearance is not enough, restrict safe driving. No accident history.
Meets the requirement. No issues on Horizontal/ Vertical alignment, horizontal/Vertical
1
clearance.
(31) Design Loading

To record the relevant code for the design load of bridge.
Table 2.20 Loading
Classification Code
Do not meet design requirement 3
－（No use at the moment） 2
Meet design requirement 1
16
(32) Nature of Bridge

Record relevant codes for the following nature of bridges.
Table 2.21 Nature of Bridge
Classification Code
Temporary Bridge（Photo-1）
3
Fatigue durability on main structure is not reliable.
Modular bridge（Photo-2）
2
Due to hinge connection of main structure, redundancy is low.
Permanent Bridge. Ordinary bridges, other than the above bridges, 1
Photo 1 (Temporary Bridge) Photo 2 (Modular bridge)
Figure 2.14 Nature of Bridge
(33) Year-Round Mobility

Record usage as evacuation routes using the following codes.
Table 2.22 Year-round Mobility
Classification Code
Inundated and there was hindrance to critical activities for the public. 3
Inundated in the past, but there was no hindrance to critical activities for the public. 2
No need for evacuation route or no inundation in the past. 1
17
(34) History of Disaster

Record disaster history code.
Table 2.23 Disaster History
Classification Code
Several significant disaster records in the past 3
Disaster records in the past 2
No disaster record in the past 1
(35) Remarks
Additional Comments
The reference inventory sheet for Box Bridge is given inTable 2.1.3. The structural dimensions are
omitted and the pictures (General Side View and Road / Bridge Surface) are summarized in this form.
The important points for recording the data are same as those for other types of bridges.
2.4. Structural Information

(The sub topics come under this section are based on Form 2 – Inventory form)
As structure information, record following items.
(36) Material of Pavement

Material of the pavement should be mentioned here. (E.g. Concrete, Asphalt, etc...)
Table 2.24 Material of pavement

Pavement material code Pavement material name
1 Asphalt
2 Concrete
3 Steel
4 Stone
5 Timber
6 Bricks
7 Macadam
8 DBST
9 SBST
10 Other
18
(37) Type of Expansion Joint

Table 2.25 Expansion Joint
Expansion joint type code Expansion joint type name

1 Covered by Pavement Material
2 Steel Angle
3 Rubber Joint
4 Steel Finger Joint
5 No Expansion Joint
6 Others
(38) a) Railing, Parapet

Railing/Parapet if exist on the bridge should be mentioned here.
b) Material
Material of the railing/parapet should be mentioned here.
Table 2.26 Railing
Railing material code Railing material name

1 Concrete
2 Steel
3 Stone
4 Bricks
5 Rubble
6 Others
c) Height
Height of the railing/parapet should be mentioned here.
(39) Type of Drainage

Drainage is selected from below.
Table 2.27 Drainage
Drainage type code Drainage type name

1 Down Pipe
2 Channel Drainage
3 Others
4 No Drainage
19
(40) Superstructures Type / Dimensions

Table 2.28 Superstructure
Superstructure material code Superstructure material name

1 Concrete
2 Steel
3 Composite
4 Concrete Block
5 Stone
6 Bricks
7 Others
Structure type of bridge is classified into concrete, steel, stone, brick, timber and others bridges are
selected from the tables below.
Table 2.29 Structure Type - Concrete
Concrete
Type of Bridge Abbreviation
RCS RC-S
Slab RCS-Rigid RC-S-R
RCS-Encased Steel I Beam RC-S-E
RCS-RCB RC-B
Slab RCS-RCB-Rigid RC-B-R
and PSC-PRE-Beam PSC-PRE
Beam PSC-POS-Beam PSC-POS
PSC-POS-Box PC-BOX
Box Box-Bridge Box-Br
Cross
Cross Section
Section

Slab RCS RC-S
Reinforced Concrete Slab
Side View
Side View
Superstructure and Substructure is separated.
Slab
Abutment Abutment
20
Cross Section
Cross Section

Slab RCS-Rigid RC-S-R
Side View
Superstructure and Substructure is integral.
Slab
Abutment Abutment
Foundation is separated.
Cross Section
Slab / Beam RCS-Encased Steel I Beam RC-S-E Reinforced Concrete Slab
Steel Beam
Encased Steel / Beam

Side View
Side View
Slab
Abutment Abutment
21
Cross Section
Slab / Beam RCS-RCB RC-B Reinforced Concrete Slab
Reinforced Concrete Beam
Side View
Beam
Abutment Abutment
Cross Section
Slab / Beam RCS-RCB-Rigid RC-B-R Reinforced Concrete Slab
Reinforced Concrete Beam
Side View
Superstructure and Substructure is intergral.
Beam / Slab
Abutment Abutment
22
Cross Section
Pre-stressed Concrete psuedo Slab (Deck)
Slab / Beam PSC-PRE-Beam PSC-PRE
PSC beam (Pre-tensioned)
Side View
Beam
Abutment Abutment
Cross Section

Reinforced Concrete Slab (Deck)
Slab / Beam PSC-POS-Beam PSC-POS
PSC beam (Post-tensioned)
Side View
Beam
Abutment Abutment
23
Cross Section
Slab / Beam PSC-POS-Box PC-BOX
Reinforced Cconcrete Slab (Deck)
PSC Box beam (Post-tensioned)
Side View
Beam
Abutment Abutment
Cross Section
Cross Section
Box Box-Bridge Box-Br
Side View
Superstructure and Substructure is integral.
Slab
Abutment Abutment
More than 3.0m
Foundation is continued.
Figure 2.15 Section of Superstructure
24
Table 2.30 Abbreviation of Superstructure (Steel or Composite)
Steel or Composite
Situation Type of Bridge Abbreviation
Steel Composite
√ Steel-RSJ-Steel Deck ST-RSJ-S
√ Steel-RSJ-Composite ST-RSJ-C
√ √ Steel-Beam-Composite ST-B
√ √ Steel-Truss (Through) ST-TR-T
√ √ Steel-Truss (Half Through) ST-TR-H/T
√ √ Steel-Truss (Deck) ST-TR-D
√ √ Steel-Truss (Arch shaped) ST-TR-Ar
√ √ Temporary Bridge Temp
√ Steel-Modular / Semi-Temporary Bridge ST-Mod
√ Steel-Composite ST-Comp
√ Steel-Timber Deck ST-Other
25
Steel-RSJ-Steel Deck ST-RSJ-S
Steel Deck
Steel-RSJ-Composite ST-RSJ-C
Composite Deck
Steel-Beam-Composite ST-B
Concrete Deck
26
Steel-Truss (Through) ST-TR-T
Steel-Truss (Half Through) ST-TR-H/T
Steel-Truss (Deck) ST-TR-D
Deck Truss Deck truss
= Traffic zone
= Traffic Zone
27
Steel-Truss (Arch Shaped) ST-TR-Ar
Temporary Bridge Temp
Steel-Modular / Semi-T emporary Bridge ST-Mod
28
Steel-Composite ST-Comp
Table 2.31 Abbreviation of Superstructure (Arch)
Arch
RC-Arch-Closed RC-Ar-Cl
RC-Arch-Rib RC-Ar-Rib
Stone-Arch-Closed Stone-Arch
Arch
Brick-Arch-Closed Brick-Arch
Concrete-Block-Arch Co-Block-Arch
Timber-Arch-Closed Timber-Arch
Arch RC-Arch-Closed RC-Ar-Cl
Arch Rib Arch Width Arch Thickness
Parapet wall or Head Wall
Spandrel
Wing wall Wing wall
Arch Rise
Clear Span
Abutment Pier Abutment

Invert
29
Arch RC-Arch-Rib RC-Ar-Rib
Stiffening beam
Arch rib
Cross beam
Vertical
Type of Bridge Abbreviation Type of Bridge Abbreviation
Arch Stone-Arch-Closed Stone-Arch Arch Brick-Arch-Closed Brick-Arch
30
Table 2.32 Superstructure: Type / Code Number
Superstructure type code Superstructure type name

1 RC-S
2 RC-S-R
3 RC-S-E
4 RC-B
5 RC-B-R
6 PC-PR
7 PC-PO
8 PC-BOX
9 Box-Br
10 Stone-Other
11 Timber-Other
12 ST-RSJ-S
13 ST-RSJ-C
14 ST-B
15 ST-TR-T
16 ST-TR-H/T
17 ST-TR-D
18 ST-TR-Ar
19 Temp
20 ST-Mod
21 ST-Comp
22 ST-Other
23 RC-Ar-Cl
24 RC-Ar-Rib
25 Stone-Arch
26 Brick-Arch
27 Co-Block-Arch
28 Timber-Arch
31
1) Structural Beam Type

Beam type of superstructure is selected from the list below.
Table 2.33 Beam type
Beam type code Beam type name

1 Simple
2 Conti
3 Rigid
4 Cant
5 Cant with Sus
6 No Beam
7 Others
Beam Type Abbreviation

1 Simple Beam Simple
Both beam ends do not continue.
Beam Beam

2 Continuous Beam Conti
Both ends are continued.
Beam
32

3 Rigid Frame Rigid
Rigidly connected

4 Cantilever Beam Cant
Cantilever beam
Beam Beam

5 Cantilever with Suspended Span/ Beam Cant with Sus
Suspended Beam/ Span
Beam Beam
Figure 2.16 Type of Beams
33
2) Beam Material / Deck Slab Material

Materials of superstructures and substructures are respectively selected from the list below on the left
and on the right. In case of a bridge with no slab, leave the column for the superstructure slab blank.
Table 2.34 Beam & Slab Material Table 2.35 Substructure Material
Beam & Slab Material Substructure Material

1 Concrete 1 Concrete
2 Steel 2 Steel
3 Composite 3 Concrete Block
4 Concrete Block 4 Stone
5 Others 5 Bricks
6 Rubble
7 Others
3) Bearing Material
Material of bearings is selected from the table below on the left. Type of Bearing is selected from the
table below on the right.
Table 2.36 Material of bearing Table 2.37 Type of Bearing
23-1. Material of Bearing 23-2. Type of Bearing

1 Concrete 1 Rubber Pad Bearing
2 Steel 2 Steel Reinforced Elastomeric Bearing
3 Rubber 3 Bearing Plate Support
4 No Bearing 4 Roller & Pin Bearing
5 Others 5 No Bearing
6 Others
23-2. Type of Bearing

Steel Reinforced
1 Rubber Pad Bearing 2 3 Bearing Plate Support
Elastomeric Bearing
34
4 Roller Bearing 4 Pin Bearing
Figure 2.17 Type of Bearing

a) Number
Mention Superstructure number in this section
b) Span Name
A1-P1, P1-P2, P2-A2 should be mentioned following the substructure name.
Bridge Length = 90.0 m
Span Length = 30.0 m Span Length = 30.0 m Span Length = 30.0 m
Simply Supported Beam Simply Supported Beam Simply Supported Beam
Figure 2.18 Superstructure
c) Span Length
Refer to 2.1. Basic Information (7) Length of Bridge / Total Number of Span
d) Clear Span
Refer to 2.1. Basic Information (7) Length of Bridge / Total Number of Span
e) No. of Main Beams
Count actual number of beams and record.
f) No. of Cross Beams
Count actual number of beams and record.
g) Beam Spacing
Beam spacing represents the intervals of main beams. Refer to the following figure.
35
Figure 2.19 Beam Spacing
h) Beam / Slab Depth (m)

Record depth of main beam and deck slab.
(41) Substructures Type / Dimension

Type of substructure is selected from the list below.
i. Abutment
Wall Type Abutmant Inverted T Type Abutment
Ballast Wall Ballast Wall
Wall Wall
Height Height
Riverbed
Riverbed
Earth Pressure Relieved Abutment Gravity Type Abutment

Ballast Wall Ballast Wall
Wall Wall
Height Height
Riverbed Riverbed
Figure 2.20 Abutment
36
ii. Pier
Wall Pier Multiple Column Pier
Wall Width Column Width
Wall Column
Height Height
Riverbed Riverbed
Column Bent Pier Pile Bent Pier
Capping Width Capping Width
Capping Capping
Height Height
Column
Column
Height
Height
Riverbed Riverbed
T Type Pier Rigid Frame Pier
Capping Width Capping Width
Capping Capping
Height Height
Wall Column
Height Height
Riverbed Riverbed
Figure 2.21 Pier
37
iii. Box Bridge

Separate record of information of Surface, Superstructure and Substructure.
BR1 BR2
Superstructure
Substructure
A1 P1 A2
Figure 2.22 Box Bridge
a) Substructure Type
Mention Substructure type in this section
Table 2.38 Substructure Type
Substructure type code Region class code Substructure type name

201 2 Wall-Type
202 2 Inverted-T
203 2 Earth Pressure Relieved-Type
204 2 Gravity-Type
205 2 Other
301 3 Wall-Type
302 3 Column
303 3 Column-Bent
304 3 Pile-Bent
305 3 T-Type
306 3 Rigid
307 3 Other
38
b) Material of Substructure
Mention Substructure Material in this section (ex: Steel, Concrete, etc...)
Table 2.39 Material of Substructure
Substructure Substructure
material code material name
1 Concrete
2 Steel
3 Composite
4 Concrete Block
5 Stone
6 Bricks
7 Rubble
8 Others
c) Shape of Substructure
Shape of substructures is selected from the list below.
Table 2.40 Shape of Substructure
Cross Section of Wall / Column of Substructure Abbreviation

1 Rectangular Cross Section Rectangle
2 Hexagonal Cross Section Hexagon
3 Elliptic Cross Section Semicircular
4 Circular Cross Section Circular
5 Other Other Other
d) Foundation Type
Structure type of foundation is selected from the list below. Because it is difficult to inspect the foundation
on site in many cases, the design drawing should be used to confirm the structure type. If design drawing
is unavailable, select [unclear].
39
Table 2.41 Abbreviation of Foundation
Foundation Abbreviation
Spread Footing Spread
Pile Foundation (Cast-in-Place Concrete Pile) Pile(CCP)
Pile Foundation (Steel Pipe Driven Pile) Pile(SPP)
Pile Foundation (Precast Concrete Pile) Pile(PCP)(Driven Pile)
Pile Foundation (Timber Pile) Pile(Timber)
Caisson Foundation Caisson
Unclear Unclear
Other Other
3. Inventory Forms and Recording

3.1 Record of Inventory data
Bridge Inventory needs to be recorded accurately based on this Bridge Inventory Development
Manual.
Bridge Inventory data and updated data should be stored in the database immediately.
3.2 General Procedures for Developing Bridge Inventory
Developing Bridge Inventory should be conducted by using Inventory Forms 1 to 3.
 Form 1 Inventory Form (General Information)

 Form 2 Inventory Form (Structural Dimensions)
 Form 3 Inventory Form (General View Photos)
Bridge Inventory is classified into four types: Concrete Bridge, Steel Bridge, Arch Bridge and Box
Bridge. For Box Bridges, number of items in Form 1 was reduced.
Inspection forms are classified into four types: for Concrete Bridges, Steel Bridges, Arch Bridges and Box
Bridges. In case of widened bridges, use the forms originally used for the bridges before the widening.
Contents of each form are described as follows.
40
 Form 1 Inventory Form (General Information):
Fill in the basic information about Bridge Length, Bridge Width and Clear span, Year of
Construction, Used Materials and Crossings.
 Form 2 Inventory Form (Structural Dimensions):
Record the Bridge Type, Beam Type, Basic Dimensions of Superstructure/Abutment/Pier and
Material Used for Superstructures and Substructures.
 Form 3 Inventory Form (General View Photos):
Photos of General Side Views, Bridge Surface, Expansion Joints, Superstructures, Substructures,
Bearings, Abutment and Piers.
-Sample Worksheet-
Form 1 Inventory Form (General Information)
In Form 1, the following information is recorded: bridge name, road name, EE office, bridge
location, bridge length and bridge width, span length, year of construction, used materials, repair
history and other information. It’s desirable to prepare the Form based on the design drawings
before implementation of inspection. However, if the design drawing is not available, major
dimensions must be measured on site.
Supplementary explanation to support understanding of the basic inventory data and information
on serious damages should be written in “Notes”.
Inspection form number (REF.No) is located in the upper right corner of Form 1. It should be entered in
the following order: Road number, Bridge number and then (Inspection date). (e.g. A001_10.1_
(04.09.2015). The information of widened bridges as well as existing bridges is recorded in the form.
When information concerning route number, bridge name, bridge number, EE office, inspection date and
inspector’s name are entered in Form 1, they are automatically reflected to other forms. When number of
spans is input into the span column, relevant information in Form 2 are automatically updated,
unnecessary sheets are deleted and span number and schematic view are automatically updated.
In the bottom right corner in Form 1, the remarks should be recorded at the site.
Information about widened bridges, supplementary information along with schematic view of bridges of
complicated structure, and specific damages occurred to the bridges (e.g. large settlement on riverbed,
tilting of substructure, needs of urgent treatment, unusual vibration, etc.) should be recorded under
“Note”.
41
Sample Worksheet - Inventory Form (General Information)
42
Sample Worksheet - Inventory Form (Structural Information)
43
Sample Worksheet - Inventory Form (Photographs)
The following types of photographs should be attached in Form 3: photos of general side view of
the bridge, photos of road surface condition, expansion joint, superstructure, bearings, abutment
(A1, A2) and piers. If the conditions are found to be changed at the second inspection onwards, the
photos should be updated accordingly. The comment column should be used when necessary.
 General Side View
Take photos, which shows condition of entire bridge, from the lateral direction. It is desirable to take
photos by making left side as “A1” and right side as “A2”.
 Road / Bridge Surface
Take photos, which shows condition of road surface. If it is a narrow bridge, it is desirable to take
photos so that they show approach and bridge surface have different widths.
 Bridge Expansion Joint
Take photos, which typically show structure type of bridge expansion Joint.
 Superstructure
Take photos, from underside of bridge, which typically explain situation of superstructure.
Arrangement of main beams should be shown in the photos. It should be noted that, in case of beam
bridges, photos of slabs could not be taken sometimes, according to the height of the bridge.
 Bridge Bearing
Take photos, which typically show structure type of bridge bearing.
 Abutment A1 / A2
Take photos, which typically show material and shape of abutment.
 Pier
Take photos, which typically show material and shape of pier.
44
-Sample Worksheet-
45
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Bridge Inventory Development Manual

Road Development Authority Japan International Cooperation Agency

Road Development Authority

Bridge Inventory Development

The Project for Capacity Development on Bridge Management

1. Purpose of Developing Bridge Inventory ································································ 1

Table 2.34 Beam & Slab Material 34

Figure 2.1 Bridge Numbering 2

1. Purpose of Developing Bridge Inventory

2. Content of Bridge Inventory

Inventory data should be based on following items.

2.1. Basic Information

(1) a) Route Number

(2) a) Bridge Number

0 km 1/1 1/5 1/8 1 km 2/4 2/7 2 km

Figure 2.1 Bridge numbering

Br.1-1 Br.1-2 Br.1-3 Br.1-4

Widening Original Widening

(4) Province /District

Table 2.1 Province

Province code Province name

Table 2.2 District

Table 2.3 EE Division

EE division code District code EE division name

(6) Location Start / Location End

Figure 2.4 Location for GPS Coordinates

(7) Length of Bridge /Total Number of Span:

Recording method of span length. (e.g.: Bridge length = 90.0 m)

Bridge Length = 90.0 m

Span Length = 30.0 m Span Length = 30.0 m Span Length = 30.0 m

Simply Supported Beam Simply Supported Beam Simply Supported Beam

Abutment Pier Pier Abutment

Figure 2.5 Length of Bridge

Bridge length of an Arch Bridge is given as follows.

Length of Bridge Length of Bridge

Clear Span Clear Span Clear Span

Figure 2.6 Length of Arch Bridge

Bridge length of the Box Bridge is given as follows.

Length of Bridge = Clear Span + 2t Length of Bridge = Ɩ + 2t

t Clear Span t t Clear Span a Clear Span t

Figure 2.7 Length of Box Bridge

Figure 2.8 Skew Bridge

(9) Width: (Overall / Effective)

Figure 2.9 Width of Bridge

(10) Width of Cross section

If there are sidewalks, record the width of each sidewalk.

f) Single lane carriageway

Figure 2.10 Carriageway and Sidewalk

(11) Skew Angle

Figure 2.11 Skew Angle

(12) Types of Bridges

Type of Bridge Description

(13) Design Documents

(14) Year of Construction

Construction year is entered according to the available information.

(15) Design Live Load

(16) Load Limit

(17) Traffic Volume - (v/d) & Commercial Vehicle Ratio (%)

(18) Road Surface to Water Level (WL)