Nutrigenetics & Fatty acid metabolism

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : APOA5_1APOA2LEPRPPARAADIP
OQAPOA5_2APOA5_1
More or less saturated fats? More or less polyunsaturated
fats? More or less monounsaturated fats? Let our
nutrigenetics test tells you what best fits you.

A common recommendation that we've heard a lot of times: "Don't eat saturated fat, it will
block up the arteries," or, "it'll provide you heart attack or heart diseases," and of course,
"You Will become obese." Well, that's true not false for some genotypes but that is not for
some. The issue is that saturated fats favorably impact hormones (especially
testosterone in men and estrogen in women); fatty foods strengthen the defense system;
saturated fats fortify the liver; and much more! Therefore the strategy will be to play with
dosage and to consume the quantity of saturated fat you will need!

Nutrigenetics & Carbohydrates metabolism

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : MTNR1BG6PC2GCKADRA2ADGK
TMEMTCF7L2SLC30A8CRY2 GCKRGLIS3AD
CY5PROX1FADS1MADDPGC1AMTNR1B
More or less carbs? Let our nutrigenetics test tell you the
carbs ratio that best fits you.

An other hot topic in the fitness world ! If you want to optimize your diet for muscle gain,
fat loss and performance it's important to know how to manage carbohydrates into your
diet. We constantly hear that carbohydrates are our worst enemy. In an order hand, your
body uses carbs as fuel which helps maximise your performance and intensity when
training. If you are limiting your carbs intake you will be taxing your proteins supply, which
can lead to a decrease in muscle mass. Your analysis will tell us how much carbs
you really need !

Salt sensivity

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : ACEAGTACEACE
Should you limit your salt intake ?
This part will complete the section 'Vasodilatation and blood flow' from our training
analyses. In addition to the health aspect (risk of hypertension), this section will allow us
to determine your capacity for water retention and sodium/potassium imbalance.

Nutrigenetics & Omega 3/6

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

SECTION : FADS1APAO5FADS1FADS1
Daily requirement for omega-3's ?

Omega 3 (identified as n-3 EFAS) are polyunsaturated essential fatty acids. They may be
crucial nutrients for health. We need Omega 3 for many normal body functions, including
controlling blood clotting or constructing cell membranes in the nervous system, and as
our bodies can not synthetise omega-3 fats, we must get them through food supplement
or nutrients. Omega 3 are also connected with lots of health benefits, including defense
against heart disease and possibly stroke. Studies are identifying potential advantages
for a variety of conditions including inflammatory bowel disease, cancer, or additional
auto immune illnesses such as lupus and rheumatoid arthritis.

Folate metabolism

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : MTHFR_1MTHFR_2MTR MTRRM
THFRMTHFR_1
What are your daily requirements of Vitamin B6, B9 et B12
?

Folate is essential in your body for cellular processes. Not only is it crucial for the building
blocks of life - RNA and DNA - it is a key nutrient during times of division and rapid cell
growth, such as during pregnancy. It is also required for conversion of a 'bad' amino acid,
homocysteine, to an essential one : methionine. Folate deficiency can considerably
compromise your health and key developmental processes.

Injury Prevention
GENES ANALYSED IN THIS
CHAPTER : COL1A1COL1A1COL1A1
Do you need injury prevention supplements ?

Collagen is a group of occurring proteins found in animals, especially in connective

tissues of vertebrates and the flesh. In humans, that's an important constituent of
connective tissues present in cartilages, bones, tendons, ligaments, nails, skin and hair.
If we don't have enough collagen, we are in big trouble. There is various different types in
the body, each with their own role. Healthy tendons - connecting muscles to bones - are
primarily composed of type 1 collagen. Do you produce enough of this protein ?

Lactose Intolerance risk

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : MCM6MCM6MCM6
Are you lactose intolerant ?
For some of us, as we get older, our ability to digest milk begins to wane, and dairy
consumption starts to produce some uncomfortable side effects, such as bloating, excess
wind and stomach cramps. So what exactly is going on? It's all down to a sugar found in
milk and other dairy products: lactose. The most frequently used clinical method for
diagnosing lactose intolerance is the Hydrogen Breath Test, but this has been known to
miss up to 20% of affected patients! This is because some may have a predominant
population of methane-producing bacteria in the bowel that use the hydrogen to reduce
carbon dioxide to methane.

Testosterone optimisation through

nutrigenetics

GENES TESTED IN THIS

CHAPTER : ACTN3HSD11B1SHBGCYP19ACTN
3ACTN3
Let's maximise your testosterone production system! (for
males only)
Testosterone(also known as 'the big T') is a 19-carbon steroid hormone synthesized
mainly in the Leydig-cells of the testicles (in men) as well as the ovaries (in women).
Smaller quantities are also synthesized in the adrenal glands of both genders. This
hormone belongs to the androgen group of hormones, a group that also contains other
hormones such as estrogens, di-hydrotestosterone (DHT), androsterone and DHEA.
Large amounts of testosterone is what makes men fat loss much more easy than girl and
build muscle mass. It is among the most important hormone in the human physiology to
lose weight and for anybody attempting to build muscle.

Nutrigenetics & Anti-inflammatory nutrients

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : IL6TNF_ALPHACRPGSTP1IL6
Our nutrigenetics test tells you if you should increase your
anti-inflammatory nutrients.
Asthma, autoimmune illnesses, several types of cancer, bone wellness, heart disease,
depression, and even muscle development plateaus or obesity may be tied directly as
may hundreds of additional common ailments, to the wrong kind of inflammation. Acute
and chronic are 2 types of inflammation. The acute one is thought to be the good one
and mostly desirable especially during training, and the chronic the bad one. Acute
inflammation is the type that happens to surgical procedure , a bruise, or your hand after
an injury like a wound. It's not designed to be long lasting; it is localised and it frequently
leads to rapid recovery. This kind of inflammation is also essential to muscle
development. After you work out, muscle fibres are 'lysed' and development elements
flow in to raise the speed of regeneration. In comparison, chronic inflammation begins as
a gross over reaction to some stimuli that's generally not pretty malignant. This
overreaction might maintain reaction to some specific foods, a specific psychological
stress, an un-healthy lifestyle option, or some bacteria or infections.

Vitamin profile

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : NBPF3BCM01_1BCM01_2CYP26B1
SLC23A1SLC23A2GCCYP2R1_1CYP2R1_2INTE
RGENICFUT2NBPF3
Which vitamin should you optimize the most?
Vitamins are substances that your body needs to grow and develop normally. There are
13 vitamins your body needs; Each has specific roles. Various genetics markers have
been found in multiple studies to be associated with reduced levels of these vitamins.
This is due to the fact that these genes are highly involved in their metabolism. Here is
the list of vitamin we test for: Vitamin B6, Vitamin A, Vitamin C, Vitamin D, Vitamin E and
Vitamin B12

Nutrigenetics and fat loss response to green

tea

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : COMTCOMT
Is green tea a key nutrient for you when it comes to fat
loss?
More than simply a green colored hot drink, green tea is believed to be the most healthy
drink in the world. It's full of nutrients and anti oxidants which have strong results on the
human body, including a reduced risk of cancer, enhanced brain function, weight
reduction and several additional advantages. However, green tea is not effective on all
people especially when it comes to fat loss or increased metabolism. This is due to the
fact that our unique DNA plays a large role. The well-known EGCG compound contained
in it is able to block the COMT enzyme, an enzyme that is highly involved in the
dopamine and adrenaline metabolism. By blocking it, EGCG can significantly increase fat
loss response and energy expenditure. A nutrigenetics research discovered that people
who have a special variant of this COMT gene had a considerably greater weight
reduction & energy expense result to green tea extract.

Nutrigenetics & response to chromium

picolinate

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : DRD2DRD2
Our nutrigenetics test tells you if you should use chromium
picolinate supplements.
Chromium (Cr) is an important nutrient involved in the regulation of carbohydrates.
Normal nutritional intake of Cr in persons is generally sub-optimal. Cr has been reported
to increase lean body size (LBM) and decrease body fat %, which might result in fat loss
in humans. It is thaught this impact is a result of a significant increased insulin sensitivity
in muscle cells rather than fat cells. Chromium picolinate (CrP) is simply the
supplemental kind of Cr that permits a better intake of Cr in the human body. Due to the
large controversy of the results of CrP on LBM and fat-loss effects, in 2007 a research
team demonstrated that this argument is due to a gene called DRD2, which encodes the
dopamine receptor 2. Individuals who had a specific genotype of the gene confers a
substantial outcome of CrP on their body composition.

Nutrigenetics & caffeine metabolism

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : CYP1A2ADRA2ACYP1A2
How you respond to caffeine-based products? Are you at
an increased risk of developing side effects from caffeine?
Caffeine sensitivity is determined by the efficacy of the human body to process and
metabolize caffeine. This shouldn't be confused with caffeine toleration, which describes
how the body responds to caffeine over time. Susceptibility has more to do with a
person's unique genetic makeup as this determines to what degree certain number of
caffeine will affect a man. Caffeine is metabolized by the liver utilizing the cytochrome
1A2. The ability to generate this chemical is regulated by the gene CYP1A2.
Nutrigenetics studies have demonstrated that minor changes in the DNA sequence of the
gene determine how efficiently an individual may process caffeine and consequently
eliminate it from your body.

Muscle fiber type composition

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : ACTN3ACEPGC1AAGTR2VEGFR2
HIF1AAGTTSHRBDKRB2UCP2UCP3AMPD1IL
6 VDRIL15RAACTN3
Are you genetically predisposed to more fast or slow
twitch muscle fibers ?
Your muscles are made of 2 different types of fibers. Slow twitch : These are also
known as Type 1 or red muscle fibers. They are responsible for long-duration, low
intensity activity such as walking or any other aerobic activity. Fast twitch : These are
known as Type 2 or white muscle fibers (divided further into A and B). They are
responsible for short-duration, high intensity activity. Type 2B fibers are built for
explosive, very short-duration activity such as Olympic lifts. Type 2A fibers are designed
for short-to- moderate duration, moderate-to-high intensity work, as is seen in most
weight training activities.
By knowing what type of muscle fibers you have, you can tailor your training towards
developing them to their maximum potential.

VO2Max Potential

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS CHAPTER : NFIA

AS2 PGC1A VEGFR2 ADBR2
ARG16GLYADBR2 GLN27GLUCRP NFIA AS2
Understand how your VO2Max potential could affect your
performances and workouts.
Your body needs oxygen when exercising. VO2 max is a test used by scientists to
measure the maximum or optimum rate at which an individual's body can effectively use
oxygen during exercise. It is commonly used as a way of measuring a person's individual
aerobic ability and it is an extremely popular measure of progress amongst endurance
athletes. There are certain gene results that can help you understand your natural VO2
max capacity, and we have tested your DNA to help reveal your individual markers.

Recovery and training frequency

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : ACTN3ACE TNF
ALPHAIL6 CRP IGF2
APALIGF2 IGF2A5GSTP1ACTN3
Overtraining or undertraining ?
Training frequency is a hotly debated topic. Some say that if you train more often than
once a fortnight, you'll overtrain and your nervous system will explode. Others say that if
you aren't training six, eight, or even ten or more times per week, there's no way you're
going to see progress.
The real question is how much training can you recover from? There are two key
components to training: Stimulating the muscle/nervous system to elicit an adaptation (fat
loss, muscle gain, strength gain, etc.), and being able to recover from it. Are you
genetically predisposed to recover faster?

Training volume and intensity

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : ACTN3ACEPGC1AAGTR2VEGFR2
HIF1AAGTTSHRBDKRB2UCP2UCP3AMPD1IL
6 VDRIL15RAACTN3
High reps with moderate weight or low reps with heavy
weight ?
An other hot topic in the fitness world. In the red corner, we have high intensity. In the
blue corner, we have high volume. High intensity's robe carries the words "One set to
value" on the back, while high volume's reads "More is better." When we talk volume and
intensity, the interpretation goes as follows: "volume" refers to how many reps or sets are
performed (same concept as 'Time Under tension'), and "intensity" indicates how much
weight is lifted, which can also be expressed as a relative percentage of your maximum
capability.
What's Better for You: High Volume or High Intensity Training?

Steady-State Cardio vs HIIT

GENES ANALYSED IN THIS

CHAPTER : KCJ11 ADBR2ADBR3KCJ11
Which type of cardio best fits you?
Steady-state cardio workouts are as simple as they come. Perform your activity at a
steady, challenging-but-manageable pace (60 to 70 percent of maximal capacity) for 20
minutes or more, aiming for a heart rate of 120 to 150 beats per minute.
HIIT workouts are slightly more complex. Perform your activity as hard as you can (90 to
100 percent of maximal capacity) for a brief, set time period (usually two minutes or less),
then back off for a predetermined rest interval (usually three minutes or less), and repeat
the cycle four times or more.
Both types of exercise measurably improve a number of important health and fitness
markers. Some genotypes will better respond to HIIT cardio and some will better respond
to steady-state cardio.

Vasodilatation and blood flow

GENES ANALYSED FOR THIS

CHAPTER : AGTACEAGT
Are you genetically predisposed to a good vasodilation ?
Vasodilatation is the physiological mechanism of the widening of blood vessels due to the
relaxation of smooth muscle tissue that they are connected to. These muscles actually
control both vasoconstriction (narrowing of the same blood vessels) and vasodilation
according to changes in physical exertion, body temperature and any number of other
variables. Vasodilation allows a higher volume of blood to flow through the vessels that
have widened, providing the muscles with more oxygen and nutrients. A more common
term for this effect is ‘the pump’. More oxygen and nutrients directly increases the
working muscle’s capability of being stressed for longer and more intensively.

Response to hypoxia

GENES ANALYSED FOR THIS

CHAPTER : HIF1AHIF1A
Should you consider increasing your training in a hypoxic
state ?
The term hypoxia is a condition where the tissues are not oxygenated adequately,
usually due to an insufficient concentration of oxygen in the blood. Hypoxia training has
become very popular among athletes as a means to further increase exercise
performance. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α; encoded by HIF1A gene) is a
transcription factor regulating several genes in response to hypoxic stimuli. HIF-1α
protein levels were found to be constitutively higher in the more glycolytic muscles (fast
twitch muscle fibers) compared with the more oxidative muscles (slow twitch muscle
fibers). A lower proportion of type fast twitch fibers in the soleus muscles of HIF-1α
knockout mice was detected as well as a metabolic shift away from glycolysis toward
oxidation, and as a consequence, improved endurance and decreased strength capacity.
In humans, the rare T allele of a polymorphism in the HIF1A gene is predicted to increase
HIF-1α protein stability and therefore, may improve glucose metabolism and lower the
risk of type 2 diabetes. Recent studies investigated a hypothesis that HIF1A Pro582Ser
genotype distribution may differ for controls and Russian sprint/strength athletes, for
which anaerobic glycolysis is one of the most important sources of energy for power
performance. The frequency of the HIF1A T allele was significantly higher in weightlifters
than in 920 controls (17.9% vs. 8.5%) and increased with their levels of achievement
(sub-elite (14.7%) → elite (18.8%) → highly elite (25.0%)).

Lactate threshold

GENES ANALYSED FOR THIS

CHAPTER : PGC1APPARDPGC1A
Is your lactate threshold decreasing your performances?
Or even your muscle building?
Imagine you are in a competition. You give your all and everything is going great, then
out of nowhere you cannot push yourself any further. Your muscles fatigue, seizing up,
and you are frustrated because you need to get past this burning sensation. Your body
feels like it has "hit a wall". This "burn" happens when lactic acid builds up faster than it
can be removed. The exercise intensity at which you start to accumulate lactic acid in
your blood is known as your lactate threshold. In contrast, if your goal is muscle building,
having a low lactate threshold is an advantage as recent studies have shown that lactic
acid is highly anabolic. The more lactic acid, the stronger the anabolic response needs to
be to get rid of it.

Testosterone production in response to

training

GENES ANALYSED FOR THIS

CHAPTER : ACTN3ACTN3
How does resistance training affect your testosterone level
?
NOTE: This chapter will be completed in the section
'Nutrition analyses'
Testosterone(also called 'the big T') is a 19 carbon hormone produced primarily by the
Leydig-cells of the testes -in men- and the ovaries -in women. Smaller amounts are
produced in the adrenal-glands of both sexes. Testosterone belongs to the androgen
class of hormones. It also includes dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androstenedione,
dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA and androstenediol. High levels of testosterone is what
makes men lose fat and gain muscle, much easier than woman. 'The Big T is one of the
most important hormone for anyone trying to lose fat and gain muscle. How does
resistance training affect your testosterone level?