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    Manchester Encoding: Theory and Use

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    Vinod Shanker Shringi
    Manchester Encoding is a clock encoding technique used in the physical layer of the OSI model. It encodes both the clock and data from a synchronous bit stream by representing 1s and 0s as transitions either from low to high (1) or high to low (0) in the center of each bit. This allows receivers to easily extract the clock signal and correctly decode each bit. While it has poorer bit density than other encodings, Manchester Encoding improves reliability through its self-clocking nature. It is commonly used to transmit data across systems and store data on magnetic media.

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    Manchester Encoding: Theory and Use

    Uploaded by

    Vinod Shanker Shringi
    107 views19 pages
    Manchester Encoding is a clock encoding technique used in the physical layer of the OSI model. It encodes both the clock and data from a synchronous bit stream by representing 1s and 0s as transitions either from low to high (1) or high to low (0) in the center of each bit. This allows receivers to easily extract the clock signal and correctly decode each bit. While it has poorer bit density than other encodings, Manchester Encoding improves reliability through its self-clocking nature. It is commonly used to transmit data across systems and store data on magnetic media.

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    Manchester Encoding is a clock encoding technique used in the physical layer of the OSI model. It encodes both the clock and data from a synchronous bit stream by representing 1s and 0s as transitions either from low to high (1) or high to low (0) in the center of each bit. This allows receivers to easily extract the clock signal and correctly decode each bit. While it has poorer bit density than other encodings, Manchester Encoding improves reliability through its self-clocking nature. It is commonly used to transmit data across systems and store data on magnetic media.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    107 views19 pages

    Manchester Encoding: Theory and Use

    Uploaded by

    Vinod Shanker Shringi
    Manchester Encoding is a clock encoding technique used in the physical layer of the OSI model. It encodes both the clock and data from a synchronous bit stream by representing 1s and 0s as transitions either from low to high (1) or high to low (0) in the center of each bit. This allows receivers to easily extract the clock signal and correctly decode each bit. While it has poorer bit density than other encodings, Manchester Encoding improves reliability through its self-clocking nature. It is commonly used to transmit data across systems and store data on magnetic media.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 19

    Manchester Encoding

    Theory and Use


    By Professor Tom Mavroidis
    January 31,2001
    What is Manchester Encoding?

    • It is a process by which a Synchronous


    clock encoding technique is used by the
    OSI physical Layer to encode the clock
    and data of a synchronous bit stream.
    What is the difference?

    • In this technique the binary data to be


    transmitted over the cable are not sent
    as a sequence of logical 1 & 0’s known
    as non return to zero (NRZ), instead the
    bit are translated into a different format
    that has a number of advantages over
    using straight binary.
    Where is it used?

    • A popular technique used for encoding


    data on magnetic disks.
    • Also known as phase encoding
    • Problems include poor bit storage
    density
    Resides in the Physical Layer

    • Physical Layer serializes the frame


    (converts it to a series of bits) and send
    it across a circuit to the destination.
    Three types of encoding
    discussed
    • NRZ - Non Return to Zero
    • RZ - Return to zero
    • Manchester encoding
    NRZ , Non Return to Zero
    transmission
    • Each data bit is represented by a level.
    High = logic 1 low = logic 0
    Problem with NRZ

    • Long runs of consecutive bits with the


    same value make it impossible to
    detect bit boundaries by the inability of
    the receiver to detect the clocking
    speed.
    RZ - Return to zero

    • Pulses used to represent bits


    • logic 1 = pulse logic 0 absence of
    pulse
    RZ - Advantages

    • Clock signals can be extracted from the


    logic 1 signals.
    • Halves the width of the pulse
    • Polar RZ sends pulses for both logic 0
    and logic 1
    • Requires an extra voltage level
    Manchester Encoding

    • Logic 1 is represented by a transition in


    a particular direction in the center of
    each bit.
    • Opposite direction used to represent
    logic 0
    Representation

    • Logic 0 1 to 0 (downward transition at


    bit center)
    • Logic 1 0 to 1 (upward transition at bit
    center)
    Manchester Encoding

    • Was named after its birthplace in


    Manchester, England
    • Bit transitions do not always occur at
    the ‘bit boundaries.
    • There is always a transition at the
    center of the bit
    Improved clocking

    • Allows the receiver to extract the clock


    signal
    • Correctly decodes the value and timing
    of each bit
    Receiver

    • Reassembles the series of bits to form a


    frame and forwards the frame for
    processing by the link layer
    • Frame is then CRC checked and a
    retransmission is requested if the
    checksum is invalid.
    Representation of phase shift
    Uses

    • Manchester encoding is used to :


    • Transmit data across systems
    • Store data on magnetic media, disks etc.
    • Communicate with Satellites
    Conclusion

    • Based on application different types of


    encoding can be used
    • Manchester encoding exhibits poor bit
    storage density but improved reliability.
    Links

    • http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/phy-pages/man.html
    • http://home.europa.com/~celiac/manch_enc.html
    • http://csshaun.cs.ru/ac/za/netnotes/netnotes003.html
    • http://www.pdp8.net/tu56/tu56.shtml

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