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    Limits PDF

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    Stevenzel Eala Estella
    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus. It defines a limit as how a function behaves as the independent variable approaches a given value. It then provides 6 properties of limits: 1) the limit of a constant is the constant, 2) direct substitution can be used, 3) limits of sums and differences are the sums and differences of the individual limits, 4) limits of products are the product of the individual limits, 5) limits of quotients use the quotient rule provided the denominator's limit does not equal 0, and 6) limits of radicals are the radical of the limit. Additional examples are provided to illustrate each property.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    Limits PDF

    Uploaded by

    Stevenzel Eala Estella
    39 views3 pages
    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus. It defines a limit as how a function behaves as the independent variable approaches a given value. It then provides 6 properties of limits: 1) the limit of a constant is the constant, 2) direct substitution can be used, 3) limits of sums and differences are the sums and differences of the individual limits, 4) limits of products are the product of the individual limits, 5) limits of quotients use the quotient rule provided the denominator's limit does not equal 0, and 6) limits of radicals are the radical of the limit. Additional examples are provided to illustrate each property.

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    2. Limits.pdf

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    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus. It defines a limit as how a function behaves as the independent variable approaches a given value. It then provides 6 properties of limits: 1) the limit of a constant is the constant, 2) direct substitution can be used, 3) limits of sums and differences are the sums and differences of the individual limits, 4) limits of products are the product of the individual limits, 5) limits of quotients use the quotient rule provided the denominator's limit does not equal 0, and 6) limits of radicals are the radical of the limit. Additional examples are provided to illustrate each property.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    39 views3 pages

    Limits PDF

    Uploaded by

    Stevenzel Eala Estella
    The document discusses the concept of limits in calculus. It defines a limit as how a function behaves as the independent variable approaches a given value. It then provides 6 properties of limits: 1) the limit of a constant is the constant, 2) direct substitution can be used, 3) limits of sums and differences are the sums and differences of the individual limits, 4) limits of products are the product of the individual limits, 5) limits of quotients use the quotient rule provided the denominator's limit does not equal 0, and 6) limits of radicals are the radical of the limit. Additional examples are provided to illustrate each property.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    of 3

    1

    MATH 114 – differential calculus


    Handout #2

    Limit of a Function
    The most basic use of limits is to describe how a function behaves as the independent variable
    approaches a given value.
    If the values of f ( x) can be made as close as we like to L by taking the values x sufficiently
    close a (but not equal to a ), then we write
    lim f ( x)  L
    xa

    which is read as “the limit of f ( x) as x approaches a is L ” or “ f ( x) approaches L as x


    approaches a .” The above expression can also be written as
    f ( x)  L as x  a .

    The Properties of Limits


    1. Limit of a Constant
    The limit of a constant is the same constant. If c is a constant, then for any number a

    lim
    xa
    cc
    Examples:
    a.) lim 3  3 b.) lim 6  6 c.) lim 5  5
    x2 x4 x0

    2. Limits Obtained by Direct Substitution


    In finding the limit of a given expression, the first step usually done is by substituting the value of
    a . If the computed value is defined then that is the limit, if not, several manipulations and other
    properties may be tried.
    lim f ( x)  f (a )
    xa

    Examples:
    x 1
    a.) lim (2 x3  x  5) b.) lim
    x2 x 2 x 2  4

    3. Limit of a Sum and Difference


    The limit of the sum or difference of two functions is equal to the sum or difference of their limits.
    lim
    xa
     f ( x)  g ( x)  lim
    xa
    f ( x)  lim g ( x)  L1  L2
    xa

    Examples:
    a.) lim ( x2  3) b.) lim(2 x3  x  4)
    x2 x1

    Panopio, F.M. Simplified Differential Calculus. Feliber Publishing House. 1998


    Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002
    Arcega, V.D. College Algebra Made Easy. G&P Printing Press. Lipa City. 2010
    2

    4. Limit of a Product
    The limit of a product is equal to the product of their limits.

    lim
    xa
     f ( x) g ( x)  lim
    x a
    f ( x)  lim g ( x)   L1L2
      x a 
    Examples:
    a.) lim (3x2 )(2 x  7)  b.) lim(4  x)(5x  2)
    x4 x3

    5. Limit of a Quotient
    The limit of a quotient is equal to the quotient of their limits provided the limit of the denominator
    is not equal to zero.

    f ( x) lim f ( x)
    lim  x a ; if lim g ( x)  0
    xa g ( x) lim g ( x) xa
    x a

    Examples:
     4
    3
     2
     3x  4 
    a.) lim  x  b.) lim  x 
    x3  2 x  1  x1 2x  1 

    6. Limit of a Radical Expression


    The limit of the nth root of a function is equal to the nth root of the limit.

    lim n f ( x)  n lim f ( x)
    xa x a

    Examples:

    2 x 2  3x  1
    a.) lim 3x 2  4 b.) lim
    x2 x1 x2  1

    Panopio, F.M. Simplified Differential Calculus. Feliber Publishing House. 1998


    Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002
    Arcega, V.D. College Algebra Made Easy. G&P Printing Press. Lipa City. 2010
    3

    7. Limit at Infinity

    The limit of
    c or, in general, of
    c where n is a positive integer, as x approaches infinity, is
    x xn
    zero.
    c
    lim 0 , n is any positive integer
    x xn
    Examples:
    8 3
    a.) lim
    x
    b.) lim
    x
    x x4

     3x 2  5  x 5 3
    c.) lim
    x   d.) lim
    x  
     x  x6
    2
     2x 

    Additional Examples:

    1.) lim  x  2  2.) lim t2  4


    x2  x3  8  t 2 t 2  3t  2

    y 3  27 1 y 1
    3.) lim 4.) lim
    y3 y 2  9 y0 y

     x
    5.) lim  3   6.) lim x2 2
    x9  9  x  x0 x

    Panopio, F.M. Simplified Differential Calculus. Feliber Publishing House. 1998


    Leithold,Louis. The Calculus 7. Pearson Education Asia Pte Ltd. 2002
    Arcega, V.D. College Algebra Made Easy. G&P Printing Press. Lipa City. 2010

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