6th STD Social Science 1st Term Notes Questions

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6th Social Science 1st Term Notes Questions – [New Book]
1. What is History
I. Choose the correct answer.
1. What was the step taken by the early man to collect his food?
a) Trade b) hunting
c) painting d) rearing of animals.
2. Where did early man live?
a) Mud house b) under tree
c) caves d) river banks
3. Who was the first ruler to give up war after victory?
a) Bimbisara b) Raja Raja Chola
c) Akbar d) Ashoka
II. Match the Statement with the Reason. Tick the appropriate answer:
1. Statement: Pre historic man went along with the dog for hunting.
Reason: Dogs with its sniffing power would find out other animals.
a) Statement is true, but Reason is wrong.
b) Statement and reason are correct.
c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.
d) Both statement and reason are wrong.
2. Statement: Charles Allea wrote a book titles, the search for the India’s Lost Emperor.
Reason: It provided a comprehensive account of Ashoka.
a) Statement is true, but Reason are wrong.
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3. Statement: Early man used stone tools.
Reason: He knew only stones as tools.
a) Statement is true, but Reason are wrong.
4. Statement: The objects used by the early man are excavated. They are preserved to know the lifestyle
of the people.
Find out which of the following is related to the statement.
a) Museum b) Burial materials c) Stone tools d) Bones
5. Statement: Archaeological sources help to know about the early man.
Find out which of the following is related to the statement.
a) Monuments b) Pictures c) Metals d) Books
6. Statement: Raja Raja Chola built the Big Temple. Find out which of the following is related to the
statement.
a) Kumbakonam b) Tiruchi c) Madurai d) Thanjavur
III. Find out the wrong pair.
(i) a) Old stone age - i) Stone tools
b) Rock paintings - ii) Walls of the caves
c) Copper plates - iii) A source of history
d) Cats - iv) First domesticated.
(ii) a) Stone tools - Prehistory
b) Writing system - History
c) Epigraphy - Study of inscription
d) Numismatics - Study of tools
(iii) a) Dharma - Righteousness

b) Chakra - 24 Spokes
c) Lion pillar - Sanchi
d) Ashoka - Buddhism
IV. Find the odd one.
1. a) Paintings were drawn on rocks and caves.
b) There were paintings depicting hunting scenes.
c) It was drawn to show his family members about hunting.
d) The paintings were painted by using many colorus.
2. a) History is a record of past events.
b) In History the past events are given in chronological order.
c) History is derived from Istoria meaning learning by enquiry.
d) History is a mere collection of stories.
3. a) We have lion pillar in Sarnath.
b) This pillar was built by Ashoka.
c) There is a Dharmachakra in this pillar.
d) The chakra has uncountable spokes.
V. Fill in the blanks:
1. The old stone age man lived mostly in caves.
2. Herodotus is the father of history.
3. Dog was the first animal tamed by Old Stone Age man.
4. Inscriptions are archaeological sources.
5. Dharma Chakra has 24 spokes.
6. In history, BCE stands for Before Common Era.
7. The first historian of India was Kalhana.
8. Fossil remains belong to Archaeological sources.

9. The most famous ruler of ancient India was Ashoka.
10. Sanchi is situated in the Raisen district of Madhya Pradesh
VI. State True or False:
1. Stone tools belonging to Old Stone Age has been excavated at Athtirampakkam near Chennai.
Ans: True
2. The materials used by the ancient people are preserved in the museums by the Archaeological
Department Ans: True
3. During the period of Ashoka, Buddhism spread across the country. Ans: True
4. Prehistoric period people led an advanced style of life. Ans: False
5. The greatness of Ashoka had been unknown till 20th century. Ans: True
6. Artifacts form one of the important archaeological sources. Ans: Ture
7. Bimbetka is in Andhara Pradessh. Ans: False
VII. Match the following:
a) 1. Rock paintings - a) Copper plates
2. Written records - b) The most famous king.
3. Ashoka - c) Devaram
4. Religious literature - d) to understand the life style
Ans: 1-d; 2-a; 3-b; 4-c
b) 1. History - a) Learning by enqiry
2. Istoria - b) Father of History
3. Edicts - c) Record of the past
4. Herodoturs - d) Archaeological source
Ans: 1-c; 2-a; 3-d; 4-b
c) 1. BCE - a) Hunting activities
2. Dogs - b) Search for Indians lost emperor.
3. Allen - c) Study of inscription

4. Epigraphy - d) Before common era
Ans: 1-d; 2-a; 3-b; 4-c
VIII.Short Questions & Answers:
1. Can you say any tow advantages of writing diary?
i) Diary writing helps to record the events.
ii) It reveals the life style of people of that period.
2. How do we know the people’s lifestyle of the Old Stone Age?
We understand the life style of people of Old Stone Age from used stone tools, their paintings ont eh
rocks and walls of the caves.
3. Is inscription a written record?
Yes, inscription is a written record.
4. What is proto history?
Proto history is the period between pre-history and history.
5. Name an epic.
Ramayana, Mahabharatha, Manimegalai.
6. What is History?
i) History is a record of past events in chronological order.
ii) The term History has been divided from the Greek word Istoria which means learning by enquiry.
7. What do you know about the pre-historic period?
i) The period between the use of first stone tools and the invention of writing system is pre-history.
ii) Stone tools, excavated materials and rock paintings are the major sources of pre-history.
8. What are the sources available to know about the prehistoric period?
Paintings on the rocks and the walls of the caves, stone tools, and excavated materials are the sources
available to know about the pre-histories period.
9. Mention the places from where we got pre-historic tools.

We find the pre-historic tools at Kondapur, Nevasa, Mehrgash, Rock shelters of Bhimbetka and
Edakkal caves in India. In Tamilnadu Attirampakkam, Ariyalur, Perambulur,Adichanalur are the
places where we came across the pre-historic tools.
10. What are the benefits of a museum?
i) Museums are community centres designed to inform and teach the public.
ii) The educational benefit of a museum is academic learning.
iii) Museums are the caretakers of history as much as they offer connections to history.
iv) Museums are full of stories, and it is interesting for students to hear those stories.
v) Museums offer opportunities for children to compare and contrast leading to critical thinking skills.
vi) Children’s curiosity comes out in the form of questions.
vii) Students are expose to new ideas and concepts.
viii) Museums inspire students to wonder, imagine and dream of possibilities that are beyond what
they know.
ix) Students are exposed to opportunism that spark creative moments.
11. Name some tools used by early man to hunt animals.
i) Birds cores were used. These were chunks of sharp rocks.
ii) An end scraper is a tear-drop shaped piece of stone used to scrap fur and fatty tissues from the
hides of animals.
iii) Burins were stone tools with a rounded grasping end and a sharp, razor like working end.
iv) Awls were small circular stone flakes.
12. Why were paintings drawn on rocks?
i) Paintings could have been drawn on rocks to convey their lifestyles to the future generations.
ii) They might have wished to record their activities through their paintings.
13. Name any tow artifacts?
i) An artifact is something made or given shape by man, such as a tool or a work of art, especially an
object of archaeological interest.
ii) Some of the artifacts are potteries, toys, tools and ornaments.

14. How dogs were useful to pre-historic men?
i) There might have been chances of wild animals entering their caves.
ii) But, they realized that dogs could help them prevent the entry of such dangerous animals.
iii) They thought that dog by its sniffling skill would help them in such situations.
15. Compare the lifestyle of Old Stone Age man with present day lifestyle.
i) Old stone age people did not live in a safe environment, whereas the people in the modern period
live in a safe environment.
ii) People in the modern period enjoy with all modern equipments making the lifestyle very high,
advances and enjoyable whereas the old stone age people struggles for everything including food and
shelter.
16. What is meant by Numismatics?
The study of coins.
17. Mention the names of Archaeological sources.
i) Inscription ii) Monuments iii) Artifacts iv) Coins
18. What do literary sources include?
i) Religious literature and ii) Secular literature.
19. What is the importance of Sarnath pillar?
i) Lion capital of Sarnath has been adopted as the National Emblem of the republic of India.
ii) The Ashoka Chakra isa depiction of the Buddhist Darmachakra represented with 24 spokes.
20. By whom was the material evidence provided revealing the greatness of the Emperor Ashoka?
The material evidence provided by William Jones, James Princep and Alexander Cunningham
revealed the greatness of Emperor Ashoka.
21. What is meant by artifacts?
i) Artifact means an object that is made by a person, such as tool or a decoration especially one that is
of historical interest.
ii) The museum’s collection include artifacts dating back to historic times.
22. Name any three devotional literatures.

i) Devaram
ii) Thiuvasagam
iii) Nalayira Divya Prabhandam
23. Why should we study History?
i) History helps us understand changes and how the society, we live in came to be.
ii) The study of history helps us to understand our present.
iii) Historical research involves studying understanding and interpreting past events.
iv) Historical data are categorized into primary and secondary sources.
v) Study of history will increase the cultural awareness and moral understanding of the world we live
in.
IX. Who am I?
1) I reveal the lifestyle of the Stone Age people. Ans: Paintings
2) I am in between the use of forest stone tools and the invention of writing system. Ans: Prehistoric
period
3. I am titled as numismatics and serve as one of the archaeological sources. Ans: Coins
4. I gave protection and helped in hunting activities. Ans: Dog
5. People say my services for the cause of public good, was exemplary. Ans: Ashoka
2. Human Evolution
I. Choose the correct answer:
1. The process of evolution is _________
a) Direct b) indirect
c) gradual d) fast
2. Tanzania is situated in the continent of _________
a) Asia b) Africa
c) America d) Europe
3. These people had a big toe to hold tightly and less protruding face.

a) Homo erectus b) Homo habilis
c) Neanderthal d) Homo sapiens
4. Harpoons and spear throwers were used by _______
a) Homo erectus b) Homo sapiens
c) Cromagnons d) Homo habilis
5. Evidence of this man is seen in Germany.
a) Neanderthal b) Homo erectus
c) Homo habilis d) Cro-Magnons
6. Humans with the help of flint made __________
a) Sharp weapons b) vessels
c) carts d) boats
II. Match the statement with the Reason, Tick the appropriate answer:
1. Statement: Migration of man of different parts of the world resulted in changes of physic and colour..
Reason: Climatic changes..
a) Statement is correct. b) Reason is wrong.
c) Statement and Reason is correct. d) Statement and reason are wrong.
2. Statement: The story of human evolution can be scientifically studied with the help of archaeology and
anthropology.
Reason: Excavated material remains are the main source for archaeological studies.
a) Statement is correct, Reason are wrong.
b) Reason is correct, Statement is wrong.
c) Statement and reason are correct.
d) Statement and reason are wrong.
2. Statement: Early man’s main occupation was hunting.
Reason: Due to large scale hunting, many animals became extinct.
a) Statement is true, Reason are wrong.

b) Reason is true, Statement is wrong.
c) Statement and reason are wrong.
d) Both statement and reason are true.
3. Statement: Man denuded to stay close to the river side..
Reason: The land close to the riverside was suitable for farming.
a) Statement is wrong, Reason is true.
b) Statement is true, Reason is wrong.
c) Both statement and reason are true.
III. Find out the Right Pair:
a) Australopithecus - Walked on both legs
b) Homo habilis - Upright man
c) Homo erectus - Wise man
d) Homo sapiens - Less protruding face
IV. Find out the wrong pair.
1) a) Nomadic - no fixed home
b) Barter - exchange of goods
c) Hides - barks of trees
d) Million - 10 lakhs
2. a) Homo erectus - China
b) Cro-Magnons - France
c) Homo sapiens - Africa
d) Heidelberg - London
3. a) Ancestors - Nomadic life
b) Beehives - Honey

c) Axes - Big stones
d) Wheel - No use
1. Anthropologies mentioned the footprints of humans in Tanzania.
2. Millions of years ago, our ancestors led a nomadic life.
3. The main occupations of the ancient humans were hunting and gathering.
4. The invention of plough made farming easier.
5. Rock paintings are found at Karikaiyur.
6. Time Machine is a machine capable of taking a person backward or forward in time.
7. The animal that hunts and kills other living things for food is called Predator.
8. When early people found ways to increase production they started storing of produce.
9.In Barter system, the surplus grains were exchanged with other groups for the other things.
10. The practice of agriculture was made easier by oxen
11. Three were many dangers involved in hunting.
12.Plants grow faster in water fed areas.
13.The pots were burnt to make it stronger.
14.Chikki – mukki kal is known for its strength – duality.
15. Human procreation resulted in an increase in the population.
1. Anthropology is the study of coins. Ans: False
2. Homo erectus (Java man) had the knowledge of fire. Ans: True
3. The first scientific invention of humans was wheel. Ans: True
4. Goat was the first animal to be domesticated by humans. Ans: False
5. Fire was used by early man to destroy forests. Ans: False
6. Rock paintings are not informative. Ans: Flase

7. Humans domesticated hen, goat and cow after domesticating dogs, Ans: True
8. Initially agriculture was done for immediate food requirement. Ans:Ture
9. Initially humans expressed their feeling through actions. Ans: True
VII. Short Questions & Answers.
1. What method is used to find out the age of the excavated materials?
Radio Carbon dating method
2. What did early human wear?
Hides of animals and barks of trees and leaves.
3. Where did early humans live?
In Caves.
4. Which animal was used for ploughing?
Oxen were used for ploughing.
5. When did humans settle in one place?
River side farming stage.
6. What is evolution?
Evolution is the process through which the human kind changes and develops towards an advanced
stage of life.
7. Write any two characteristics of Homo sapiens.
i) Homo sapiens were wise men.
ii) They migrated out of Eastern Africa settled in different parts of the world.
iii) Their lifestyle also evolved and they made it suitable in the environs in which they lived.
8. Why did humans move from place to place?
Humans kept on moving in search of food.
9. Describe the ancient methods of hunting.
i) Collective hunting went as a group and hunted the prey.
ii) they dung a pit and trapped the animals and hunted.
10. Why were axes made?
The axes were made to cut trees, remove barks, dig pts, hunts animals and remove the skin of animals.
11. How would you define archaeology?
i) Archaeology is the study of pre-historic humans.
ii) Excavated material remains are the main source for archaeological studies.
12. What do you know about anthropology?
Anthropology is the study of humans and evolutionary history.
13. Importance of inventing of wheel from the ancient period to the modern period.
i) Early homosapiens realized that round objects could be easily moved by rolling them.
ii) Their descendants advanced this rolling technique into the transportation of large objects on
cylindrical logs.
iii) The invention of the wheel and axle allowed a rolling log to be placed through a hole in a wheel to
create a cart.
iv) Chariot racing was influential in the evolution of the spoked wheel as they allowed chariots to
move much faster.
v) The invention of air filled rubber tyres allowed wheels to be much faster, sturdier and stronger.
14. These people have unearthed the footprints of humans in a country called Tanzania.
Anthropologists
15. He is a Java man who lived approximately 1.8 million years ago.
Homo erectus
16. He had a mix of human and ape traits with bipedal walk.
Australopithecus
17. Keeping a stone with bottom and sharpening it with another stone.
Art of flaking
18. This helped humans to protect them from predators.
Fire
19. How can we study the human evolution scientifically?

The story of human evolution can be scientifically studied with the help of archaeology and
anthropology.
20. What is attempted by Anthropologists?
Anthropologists attempt by investigating the whole range of human development and behavior to
achieve a total description of culture and social phenomena
21. Explain the hunting and food gathering stage of our ancestors.
i) Our ancestors lived in groups, leading nomadic life. They kept on moving in search of food.
ii) They hunted pig, dear, bison, rhino, elephant and bear for food. They also scavenged the animas
killed by other wild animals like tiger.
iii) They learnt the art of fishing. They collected honey and grains. Once the food resource got
exhausted in one area, they moved to another place in search of food.
22. How did man make use of fire?
Humans used flint stone to make fire and used it to protect them from predators, for cooking food and
for creating light during night. Thus fire became important for man in olden times.
23. What was the role played by humans in pot making?
i) Humans learned to make pot with clay. The invention of wheel made pot making easier, and the
pots made were burnt to make it stronger.
ii) They decorated pots with lot of colours.
iii) These natural dyes were used in rock paintings.
24. Why did humans become hunter gatherers? Did the landscape play any role?
i) Pre historic hunter gathers often lived in groups of a few dozens of people, consisting of several
family units.
ii) They developed tools to help them survive. They were dependent of the abundance of food in the
area which if an area was not plentiful enough required them to move to greater forests (pastures ware
not around yet)
iii) Naturally the landscape played a major role at this stage.
25. Is hunting banned in India?
i) India’s Wildlife Protection Act of 1972 bans the killing of all wild animals.

ii) However, the Chief Wildlife warden may, if satisfied that any wild animal from a specified list has
become dangerous to human life, or is as disabled or diseased as to be beyond recovery, permit any
person to hunt such an animal.
3. Indus Civilization
1. What metal were known to the people in Indus Civilization.
a) Copper, bronze, silver, gold but not iron.
b) Copper, silver, iron but not bronze.
c) Copper, gold, iron but not silver
d) Copper, silver, iron but not gold.
2. Indus valley civilization is great, because
a) it had advanced sanitation and drainage system.
b) repeated floods affected this area.
c) Indus people maintained a big army.
d) they did not use iron.
3. Indus civilization belonged to
a) old stone age b) Medieval stone age
c) New stone age d) Metal age
4. River valleys are said to be the cradle of civilization because
a) soil is very fertile b) they experience good climate
c) They are useful for transportation d) Many civilization flourished on river valleys.
5. The dancing girl statue was made out of
a) gold b) silver
c) bronze d) iron
II. Match the Statement with the Reason. Tick the appropriate answer:
1. Statement: Harappan civilization is said to be an urban civilization.

Reason: It has well planned cities with advanced drainage system.
a) Statement and reason are correct.
b) Statement is wrong.
c) Statement is true, but the reason is wrong.
2. Statement: Harappan civilization belongs to Bronze Age.
Reason: Harappans did not know the use of iron.
a) Statement and reason are correct. b) Statement is wrong.
c) Statement is correct, but the reason is wrong. d) Both statement and reason are wrong.
3. Statement: The engineering sites of Harappan were remarkable.
Reason: Reading of docks after a careful study of tides, waves and currents.
a) Statement and reason are correct. b) Statement is wrong.
c) Statement is correct, but the reason is wrong. d) Both statement and reason are wrong.
4. Statement: Hardpans knew the art of writing.
Reason: Harappa’s wrote on seals and pottery.
a) Statement and reason are correct. b) Statement is correct, Reason is wrong.
c) Statement is wrong, Reason is correct. d) Both statement and Reason are wrong.
5. Statement: The Hardpans city had two planned areas.
Reason: Each house was with one or two storey’s.
a) Statement and reason are correct. b) Statement and Reason are wrong.
c) Statement is correct Reason is wrong. d) Statement wrong, Reason is correct
6. Which of the following statements about Mohenjadaro is correct?
a) Gold ornaments were unknown.
b) Houses were made of burnt bricks.
c) Implements were made of iron.

d) Great Bath was made water tight with the layers of natural bitumen.
7. Which of the following statements about Mohenjodaro is correct.
a) People led nomadic life. b) Hunting was the main occupation.
c) Well planned streets were there. d) They did not have a script.
8. Consider the following statements.
1) Uniformity in layout of town, streets and brick sizes.
2) An elaborate and well laid out drainage system.
3) Granaries constituted an important part of Harappan cities.
What of the above statements are coorect?
a) 1 &2 b) 1 & 3 c) 2 & 3 d) all the three
9. Which one of the following is correct?
i) Indus valley civilization is an urban civilization.
ii) In urban civilization people shift from rural areas to urban areas.
iii) They live a settled life.
a) i and ii are correct b) ii and iii are correct
c) I and iii are correct d) i, ii, and iii are correct
10. Consider the following statements.
i) Harappans used carts with spokeless solid wheels.
ii) In Harappan society there were merchants, traders and artisans.
iii) Cotton fabrics were in common use.
Which of the above statements are correct.
a) (i) and (ii) b) (ii) and (iii)
c) (i) and (iii) d) all the three
III. Underline the odd one
Oxen, sheep, buffaloes, pigs, horses

a) bangles b) armlets c) necklaces d) seals
IV. Find out the wrong pair.
(i) a) ASI - John Marchall
b) Citadel - Granaries
c) Lothal - Dockyard
d) Harappan civilization - River Cauvery
(ii) a) Lothal - Dockyard
b) Janpath - New Delhi
c) Mohenjodaro - Mound of dead
d) Carnelian - Pottery
1. Mesopotamian Civilization is the oldest civilization.
2. Archeological survey of India was founded by Alexander Cunningham.
3. Granaries were used to store grains.
4. Group of people form Community.
5. The archaeologists began to excavate the cities of Harappa and Mohenjodaro in the 1920s.
6. The word civilization comes from the ancient Latin word Civis.
7. A huge public building found at mohenjodaro was the assembly hall.
8. Lothal is situated on the banks of a tributary of Sabarmati river.
9. In Indus civilization settlements were built on eleveated grounds.
10. The earliest form of writing was developed by the Sumerians.
1. Mehergarh is a Neolithic site. Ans: True
2. Archaeological survey of India is responsible for preservation of cultural monuments. Ans: True
3. Granaries were used to store grains. Ans: True

4. The earliest form of writings was developed by Chinese. Ans: False
5. The Archaeological survey of India (ASI) was started in 1924. Ans: False
6. Indus civilization had covered 6 big cities. Ans: True
7. Mesopotamia was modern day Iraq, Kuwait and parts of Syria. Ans: True
8. Bitumen is nothing but water proof Tar. Ans: True
VII. Match the following:
a) 1. MohenjoDaro - a) Raised platform
2. Bronze - b) Red quartz stone
3. Citadel - c) Alloy
4. Carnelian - d) Mound of dead
Ans: 1-d; 2-c; 3-a; 4-b
b) 1. Charles Masson - a) Neolithic
2. Mehergarh - b) First metal
3. Radar - c) Explorer
4. Copper - d) remote sensing
Ans: 1-c; 2-a; 3-d; 4-b
VIII. Short Questions & Answers:
1. What are the uses of metal?
i) Iron or steel is used for the construction of buildings, houses, automobile parts etc.
ii) Copper is used for electrical purpose and also for making ornaments.
2. Make a list of bakes and raw foods that we eat.
Raw food: Fruits and vegetables like apple, carrot, cucumber etc.
Baked food: Bread, bun, cake, cookie, pudding etc.
3. Do we have the practice of worshipping animals and trees?
i) Yes, people worship peepal tree also known as Bodhi tree. Banyan tree. Bel tree, Ashoka tree,
Mango tree etc.
ii) Cow, monkey, snake, elephant are also considered very sacred.
4. River valleys are cradles of civilization. Why?
i) River valley had fertile soil. Agriculture grows well in these regions.
ii) Fresh water was available for drinking, watering livestock and irrigation.
iii) Easy movement of people and goods was possible.
5. Just because a toy moves doesn’t mean its modern. What did they are instead of batteries?
They used wheels to move the toys instead of batteries.
6. Dog was the first animal to be tamed. Why?
Humans started breeding dogs to help with hunting, breeding, standing guard and carrying stuff.
7. If you were an archaeologist,, what will you do?
If I were Archaeologies, I will study the artifacts found in the ground to learn about people who lived
in the past.
8. Name any two Indus sites located in the Indian border?
i) Kalibangan (Rajasthan) ii) Dholavira (Gujarat)
9. In Indus civilization, which feature you like the most? Why?
i) Town planning is a unique feature of the Indus civilization.
ii) Straight and wide road with good drainage system of the Indus valley is significant feature.
10. What instrument is used nowadays to weigh things?
Weighing scale or spring balance is used nowadays to weigh things.
11. What method is used to explore buried buildings nowadays?
i) To see under the ground, the archaeologist may use a magnetic scanner.
ii) The presence and absence of archaeological remains can be detected by Radar and Remote Sensing
Method.
12. Why Indus Civilization is called Bronze Age civilization.
i) Bronze is an alloy.
ii) This period is characterized by the articles made of bronze.

iii) So Indus valley civilization is also known as bronze age civilization.
13. Indus civilization is called urban civilization. Give reasons.
Indus civilization is called urban civilization because:
i) There was well conceived town planning.
ii) Astonishing masonry and architecture were found.
iii) Priority was given for hygiene and public health.
iv) They used standardized weights and measures.
v) They had solid agricultural and artisanal base.
14. Can you point out the special features of their drainage system?
i) They had well covered drains. The drains were covered with slabs or bricks.
ii) Each drain had a gentle slope so that water could flow.
iii) Manholes were provided at regular intervals to clear the drains.
iv) House drains passed below many lanes before finally emptying into the main drains.
v) Every house had its own soak pit which collected all the sediments and allowed only the water to
flow into the street drain.
15. What do you know about the Great Bath?
i) The great bath was a large, rectangular tank in a courtyard. It may be the earliest example of a
water proof structure.
ii) The bath was lined with bricks, coated with plaster and made water tight using layers of natural
bitumen.
iii) There were steps on the north and south leading into the tank.
iv) There were rooms on three sides.
v) Water was drawn from the well, located in the courtyard and drained out after use.
16. How do you know that Indus people traded with other countries?
i) There is evidence for extensive maritime trade with Mesopotamia; Indus Seals have been found as
far ad Mesopotamia.

ii) Kng Naram-Sin of Akkadian Empire (Sumerian) has written about buying jewellary from the land
of Melukha (a region in the Indus Valley).
iii) Cylindrical seals similar to those found in Persian Gulf and Mesopotamia have also been found in
the Indus area.
iv) A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal. It shows the maritime activities of the Indus
people.
17. Observe the following features of Indus Civilization and compare that with the present day.
a) Lamp post b) Burnt bricks c) Underground drainage system
d) Weights and measurement e) Dockyard
a) Lamp post: i) In Indus valley archaeologists have discovered lamp posts at intervals. This suggests
the existence of street lights.
ii) Today street lighting commonly uses high intensity discharge lamps often HPS – High pressure
sodium lamps.
b) Burnt Bricks: i) In Hardpan Civilization the houses were built using baked bricks and mortar. Sun
dried bricks were also used. Most of the bricks were of uniform size. They used the burnt bricks
which were strong, hard, durable, resistant to fire and would not dissolve in water.
ii) Even at present, brick is the most basic and favoured material for common construction throughout
the world.
Nowadays bricks are available in different sizes and shapes. Kiln burnt bricks are used.
c) Underground drainage system:i) In Indus Civilization, they had covered drains. The drains were
covered with slabs or bricks. Each drain had a gentle slope. Manholes were provided at regular
intervals to clear the drain.
ii) At present our cites and town are so populates and congested that conducting any infrastructural
improvement over ground or underground is becoming difficult.
d) Weights and Measurement: i) Indus people used standardized weights and measures. They used
sticks with marks to measure length.
ii) In the modern world, we use electronic weighting machines to have accuracy in weighing. Floor
scales and platform scales are used in industries and small scale industries respectively.
e) Dockyard: i) A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal in Gujarat. It shows the maritime
activities of the Indus people.

ii) In modern days, there are many well developed ports in India. To quote a few. Chennai port,
Kndla port, Tuticorin port, Cochin port, Paradip port etc.
18. Agriculture was one of the occupations. How can you prove this ( with the findings)
i) Agriculture might have been their main occupation since they settled near the Indus river bank.
ii) We find the terracotta plough which might have been used for agriculture.
iii) They used granaries to store food grain.
iv) A granary with walls made of mud, bricks which are still in good conditions has been discovered
in Rakhigarhi, avillage in Haryana belonging to Mature, Harappan phase.
19. Many pottery and its pieces have been discovered from Indus sites. What do you know from
that?
i) Pottery was practiced using the potter’s wheel. It was well fired.
ii) Potteries were red colour with beautiful designs in black.
iii) the broken pieces of pottery have animal figures and geometric designs on it.
iv) All these reveal the fact that the Indus people had very good artistic skill, colour concept and rich
imagination.
20. A naval dockyard has been discovered in Lothal. What does it convey?
i) The dockyard Lothal is considered as the first naval dockyard of the world.
ii) It has davourable features in terms of height, width and length compared to the modern dockyards
of Mumbai and Visakhapatnam.
iii) Boats of 60-75 tonnes capacity and 20-25 metres in length could enter Lothal Dock.
iv) It was designed in such a manner as to ensure berthing 20-30 boats, a fairly large size.
v) Large foreign and India ships could enter the harbor without any difficulty.
21. Can you guess what happened to the Harappans?
i) By 1800 BCE, the Harappan culture had started declining.
ii) It is assumed that the civilization met with
a) Repeated floods b) Ecological changes c) invasions d) Natural calamity
e) Climatic changes f) Deforestation g) an epidemic might have disturbed the

civilization.
22. Mention the importance of Rakhigarh village.
i) Rakhigarh is a village in Haryana.
ii) A granary with walls made of mud, bricks which are still in a good condition has been discovered
here.
23. Why do we say that the Indus people were the first to make cotton clothes?
i) Cotton fabrics were in common use.
ii) Clay spindles unearth red suggest that yarn was spun.
24. Who governed the Indus Valley people?
Historians believe that there existed central authority that controlled planning of towns and overseas
trade, maintenance of drainage and peace in the city.
25. Who built the Pyramid of Giza?
i) The Pyramid of Giza was built by King Khufu in 2500 BCE.
ii) It was built with lime stone (15 tons each)
26. What is meant by Ziggurat?
i) Ziggurat means temple.
ii) In Mesopotami King Ur Nammu built Ziggurat in honour of the Moon God Sin.
27. How do archaeologists explore a lost city?
i) Archaeologists study the physical objects such as bricks, stones or bits of broken pottery to ascertain
the time that they belong to.
ii) They search the ancient literary sources for references about the place.
iii) They look at the aerial photographs to understand topography.
iv) To see under the ground, they may use a magnetic scanner.
28. What do you understand by the excavation of granary in Indus Civilization?
i) The granary was a massive building with a solid brick foundation.
ii) They were used to store food grains.
iii) The remains of wheat, barley, millets, sesame and pulses have been found here.
iv) it shows that they had surplus grains.

v) To safeguard the grains stored with granary, the granary was built on a raised platform.
vi) They should have had a good standard of agriculture.
29. Was there any leader in Mohenjodaro? Explain.
i) A sculpture of a seated male has been unearthed in a building, with a head band on the forehead and
a smaller ornament on the right upper arm.
ii) His hair is carefully combed, and beard finely trimmed.
iii) Two holes beneath the ears suggest that the head ornament might have been attached to the ear.
iv) The left shoulder is covered with a shawl like garment decorated with designs of flowers and rings.
v) This shawl pattern is used by people even today in those areas.
30. Why should we learn about the Indus valley civilization?
i) The Indus Valley Civilization was a Bronze Age Civilization in the world.
ii) It was the largest among the four ancient civilizations of the world.
iii) At its peak, it might have had a population of over 5 million.
iv) Till date over 1056 cities have been discovered.
v) Archaeologists first thought they had discovered cities of children since during excavation they
found more and more of toys.
vi) Britishers laid down 93 miles of railway track with 4000 year old Indus Valley bricks.
vii) They had the world’s first planned cities.
viii) Their sanitation systems and drainage systems were much advanced than any other ancient
civilizations.
ix) By learning about this civilization, we realize the richness of our ancient past.
IX. Rapid fire quiz:
1. Which crop did Indus people use to make clothes?
Cotton
2. Which was the first Indus city discovered?
Harappa
3. Where was Indus Civilization?

Banks of River Indus.
4. Which animal was used to pull carts?
Ox, Buffalo.
5. Which metal was unknown to Indus people?
Iron
6. What was used to make pots?
Potter’s wheel
7. Which is considered the largest civilization among four ancient civilizations of the world?
Indus Valley Civilization
4. Ancient Cities of Tamilagam

1. Which of the following region has a city more than 6500 years old?
a) Iraq b) Indus Valley
c) Tamilagam d) Thondaimandalam
2. Which one of the following is a Tamil city?
a) Iraq b) Harappa
c) Mohenjodaro d) Kancheepuram
3. Which city is not related to the Bay of Bengal?
a) Poompuhar b) Thondi
c) Korkai d) Kancheepuram
4. Water management system of Tamils are known from
i) Kalanai ii) Tanks of Kancheepuram iii) Prakirama Pandyan Tank iv) River cauvey
a) i is correct b) ii is correct
c) iii is correct d) i and ii are correct
5. Which is not the oldest city among the following one?

a) Madurai b) Kancheepuram
c) Poompuhar d) Chennai
6. Which city is related to keezhadi excavation?
a) Madurai b) Kancheepuram
c) Poompuhar d) Harappa
7. Which is the oldest city among the following ones?
a) Chennai b) Tiruppur
c) Poompuhar d) Salem
8. Name the place related to the export of Sandal.
a) Western Ghats b) Southern Sea
c) Eastern Sea d) Elam
9. In Poompuhar the foreign traders began to interact with the local people because
a) Loading and unloading of shops took some months.
b) Foreigners liked the local people.
c) Foreigners wanted to learn Tamil.
d) Foreigners wanted to stay in Poompuhar.
10. A hill was a
a) Port b) Fragrant wood
c) Educated centre d) Ornament
11. We read Puhar kandam in
a) Manimegalai b) Pattinappalai
c) Arthashastra d) Silappathikaram
12. Thoonga Nagaram refers to
a) Kanchi b) Poompuhar
c) Madurai d) Korkai

13. Pearls were found in abundance in
a) Chozha Nadu b) Pandya Nadu
c) Thondai Nadu d) Chera Nadu
II. Tick the appropriate answer. Match the statement with the reason.
1. Statement: Goods were imported and exported from the city Poompuhar.
Reason: Bay of Bengal was suitable for trading with neighboring counties.
a) Statement is correct, but reason is wrong.
b) Statement and its reason are correct.
c) Statement is wrong, but reason is correct.
d) Both are wrong.
2. a) Thirunavukkarasar said “Kalvlyil Karailllatha”. This statement refers to the city Kancheepuram.
b) Hieun Tsang said, “Kancheepuram is one among the seven sacred places of India.”
c) Kalidasa said, “Kancheepuram is the best city among the cities.”
a) only a is correct b) only b is correct
c) only c is correct d) all are correct.
3. Statement: Kanchi was an educational centre.
Reason: Hileun Tsang pursued his further studies at Kadigai.
a) Statement and Reason are wrong.
b) Statement correct but Reason is wrong.
c) Both statement and reason are correct.
d) Statement is wrong but Reason is correct.
2. i) Madurai was a prominent town of Tamizhagan.
ii) An archaeological excavation has been done in Keezhadi near Madurai.
iii) Women purchased things from Allangadi without any fear
a) i is correct b) ii is correct

c) iii is correct d) i, ii and iii are correct.
III. Find out the correct statement.
(i) a) Naalamgadi – night shop
b) Allangdi – Day time shop
c) Ancient Roman coin factory was found at Poompuhar.
d) Pearls were exported from Uvari near Korkai.
(ii) a) Tamil literature provide us information about ancient Tamizhagam.
b) Madurai has very good maritime trade.
c) Chandragupta’s minister was Megasthanese.
d) In Chera Nadu horses were found in abundance.
IV. Find out the wrong statement.
(i) a) Megasthanese has mentioned Madurai in his account.
b) Hien Tsang came to the Tamil city of kancheepuram.
c) Kovalan and Kannagi lived in Kancheepuram.
d) Iraq is mentioned in Pattinapalai.
(ii) a) Poompuhar is a coastal town near the present day Mayiladuthurai.
b) Madurai is known as city of lakes.
c) Mohenjadaro was a popular city of ancient civilization.
d) The traders of Poompuhar were known of their honesty.
V. Find out the correct pair
a) Koodal Nagar – Poompuhar b) Thoonga Nagaram – Harappa
c) City of Education – Madurai d) City of temples – Kancheepuram
VI. Find out the wrong pair.
(i) a) Vadamalai – Gold b) Western Ghats – Sandal
c) Southern Sea – Pearls d) Eastern Sea – Ahil

(ii) a) Poompuhar - Educational centre
b) Madurai - Koodal nagar
c) Manimegalai - Epic
d) Hieun Tsang - Chinese Traveler
VII. Fill in the blanks:
1. Kanchi Kailasanathar temple was built by Pallava King Raja Simha
2. Kanchi is known as the city of temples.
3. Masathuvan means A big trader.
4. The early Chola kingdom had Poompuhar as its capital.
5. Kadiyalur Uruttirangannanar wrote the book Pattinappaalai.
6. Sangam Valartha Nagaram referred to Madurai.
VIII. State True or False:
1.Cultural relationship with the outside world developed in Poompuhar because of its trade relationship
with it. Ans:True
2.Women also purchased from Allangadi of Madurai without fear. Ans: True
3. Many rock cut temples were made during the Pallava period. Ans: True
4. Bodhi Dharmar belonged to Kancheepuram. Ans: True
5. Three sangams were held in Kanchi. Ans: False
6. Megasthanese was a historian from Rome. Ans: False
7. Chozha Nadu had plenty of elephants. Ans: Flase
8. Hundred of lakes were built in Poompuhar. Ans: False
9. Chandra Gupta wrote the book Arthashastra. Ans: False
IX. Short Questions & Answers:
1. What do you know about the term “export”?
Exports are goods and services produced in one country and purchased by the citizens of another
country.

2. Mention the epic and the sangam poem you read in this lesson.
i) The epic is Silapthikaram (or) Manimegalai.
ii) The Sangam Literature is Pattinappaalai.
3. Which is the oldest city in Thondai Nadu.
Kanchi is the oldest city in Thondai Nadu.
4. Point out any one difference between a village and a city.
A village will have a small group of settlements where as a city will have a large group of settlements.
5. Which civilization is associated with the city Lothal?
The Indus valley civilization is associated with the city Lothal.
6. Name the oldest civilization of the world.
Mesopotamian civilization is the earliest civilization in the world.
7. Write a brief note on ancient cities of India.
i) Harappa and Mohenjodaro were prominent cities of ancient India.
ii) They developed along the banks of the river Indus.
iii) They were the symbol of urban civilization.
iv) They had a very good town planning well constructed houses, well maintained drainage system.
v) They had very good civic sense.
vi) They developed pottery, ornaments as well as a script which is yet to be developed.
8. Mention the ancient cities of Tamil Nadu.
i) In Tamizhagam the well known cities were Madurai, Kanchi and Poompuhar.
ii) Poompuhar is one of the oldest towns in ancient Tamizhagam.
iii) Madurai has been one of the oldest cities in India.
iv) It is known as “Sangam Valartha Nagaram”.
v) Kanchi is the oldest town in Thondai Nadu.
vi) Scholars like Dharmabalar, Jothibalar, Sumathi and Bodhi Dharmar were born in Kanchi.

9. Discuss the sources available to know about Tamil cities.
i) Tamil literature, accounts of foreign travelers and archaeological finds provided the information
about the ancient towns of Tamizhagam.
ii) Sangam Tamil Literature Pattinappaalai and Tamil epics Silappathikaram and Manimgalai have
refeencee about Poompuhar.
iv) Madurai is proudly associated with three Sangams.
v) The fame of Madurai can be attested from the accounts of the great historian Megasthenes.
vi) Chanakya mentions about Madurai in his famous work Arthashastra.
vii) The Chinese Traveller Hieun Tsang writes about the greatness of Kanchi.
viii) Poet Kalidasa refers to KIanchi as the best of the towns.
10. Write about the kings who ruled Madurai.
i) Pandyas, the Cholas and later the Kalabras ruled Madurai in the ancient period.
ii) During medieval times, later Cholas and later Pandyas followed by the Nayaks ruled this historic
town.
11. Mention the other names of Madurai.
i) Sangam Valartha Nagaram.
ii) Thoonga Nagaram (the city that never sleep)
iii) Koodal nagar are the other names of Madurai.
12. What is the difference between Naalangadi and Allangadi?
Sl.No. Naalangadi Allangadi
1 It is Day Market. It is evening Market.
2 It works only in the day It works only in the evening.

time.
13. Name the scholars who were born at Kancheepuram.
Scholars like Dharmabalar, Jothibalar, Sumathi and Bodhi Dhamar were born in Kancheepuram.
14. Which is known as city of lakes? Why?
i) Water management played an important role in the agrarian society of those times.

ii) Hundreds of lakes were created for storing water around the town of Kanchi.
iii) These lakes were well connected with canals.
iv) During the later period, Kanchi came to be known as the district of lakes.
15. Write a shot not on Iraq.
i) Iraq has a narrow section of coast line on the northern Persian Gulf.
ii) There are several suggestions for the origin of the name Iraq.
iii) One dates back to the Sumerican city of Uruk.
iv) Another suggestion is that Iraq comes from the Aramaic language meaning the land along the
banks of rivers.
16. Write a paragraph about the city Poompuhar with special reference to trade.
i) Poompuhar is a coastal town near the present day Mayiladuthurai.
ii) It is located where the river Cauvery drains into the sea.
iii) It was also a port town along the Bay of Bengal.
iv) The ports were established for facilitating maritime trade.
v) Even in times past, countries began to export their surplus products and import the scarce
commodities by sea.
17. Write about the accounts given by scholars about Kanchi.
The Chinese traveler Hieun Tsang visited Kanchi Kadigai to pursue his further studies.
i) He remarked that Kanchi can be counted as one among the seven sacred places like Budh Gaya and
Sanchi.
ii) Poet Kalidasa says, “Kanchi is the best of the towns.”
iii) Tamil poet saint Thirunavukarasu praises Kanchi as “Kalviyil Karaillatha Kanchi”
18. City of temple. Give short notes.
i) Kanchi is known as the temple town.
ii) The famous temple of great architectural beauty. Kailasanathar temple , was built by later Pallava
king Rajasimha at Kanchi.
iii) During the Pallava period, a large number of cave temples were built.

iv) It is nick name as “the City of Thousand Temples”.
19. Kancheepuram was famous for education. Prove this statement.
i) Kanchi was an educational centre.
ii) A place of learning is called school/
iii) Several schools were established in great numbers further first time in Kancheepuram.
iv) Jains studied in Jainapalli and Buddhists studied in Viharas.
v) The greatness of Kanchi as an educational centre can be understood from the fact that the Chinese
traveler Hieun Tsang visited Kanchi’Kadigai’ to pursue his further studies.
20. Who were Kovalan and Kannagi?
i) Kivalan and kannagi were the well known characters of Silapathikaram.
ii) They lived in Poombuhar.
21. What does Pattinappaalai say about the traders of Poompuhar?
i) The traders of Poompuhar were known for their honesty and integrity.
ii) Pattinappaalai states the “selling any commodity at higher price was considered bad”.
22. Mention the importance of water management in Kanchi.
i) Puhar was a busy port upto 200 CE.
ii) It might have been either washed away by sea or destroyed by big shore waves.
iii) The remains of that destruction can still be sene in the present Poompuhar town.
23. What is Thoonga Magaram?
i) Madurai is known as Thoonga Nagaram.
ii) Thoonga nagaram means the city that never sleeps.
24. Write a note on Silappathikaram.
i) Silappathikaram speaks about the greatness of Poompuhar.
ii) The lead female character of Silappathikaram is Kannagi.
iii) Her father is Maanaigan, Sea traders are known by the name Maanaigan.
iv) The make character is Kovalan, who’s father is Maasathuvan, meaning a big trader.
v) It is clear from the text that Poompuhar was a place where big traders and sea traders had settled
down.
25. What do you know about the trade items of Poompuhar?
i) Horses were imported by sea.
ii) Pepper was procured through the land route.
iii) Gold that came from Vadamalai was polished and exported to the neighboring countries.
iv) Sandal from western ghat, pearls from southern sea, corals from eastern sea and food items from
Elam were imported.
26. Mention the importance of water management in Kanchi?
i) Water management played an important role in the agrarian society of those times.
ii) Hundreds of lakes were created for storing water around the town of Kanchi.
iii) These lakes were well connected with canals.
iv) During the later period, Kanchi came to be known as the district of lakes.
v) Water management skills of the ancient Tamils can be understood from the construction of Kallanai
in the Chola country and the lakes and canal in Kanchi.
27. Write about the town Poompuhar.
i) Poompuhar had been built differently from other towns.
ii) Each social group had a separate settlement for living.
iii) Streets were broad and straight, dotted with well designed houses.
iv) It is believed that there was also a dockyard.
28. Write a short note on the economy of ancient Tamil country.
i) The main economic activities were agriculture, weaving , pearl, fishery, manufacturing and
construction.
ii) Paddy was the most important crop.
iii) Pepper, millets, grams and sugarcane were other commonly grown crops.
iv) Madurai and Uraiyur wer e important centres for the textile industry.
v) Korkai was the centre of the pearl trade.

vi) There was brisk overseas trade with Rome.
vii) Good roads and ports also facilitated the trade.
29. What do you know about education in ancient Tamil country?
i) Education was considered important in ancient Tamilagam.
ii) The rulers and aristocrats of an ancient Tamilagam were always conscious of their duties to their
country.
iii) They considered development of education as an important duty.
iv) Naaladiyar mentions that men gathered books in abundance and filled their house with them.
v) They studied science, mathematics, engineering, astronomy, logic and ethics.
vi) Libraries were attached to Jainapalli and Buddhist Viharas.
vii) The girls of Sangam Age were given a good training in literature, music and drama.
viii) Many women had distinguished themselves in the art of music.
ix) More than fifty women have been ranked among the Sangam poets.
Geography
1. The Universe and Solar System

1. The movement of the Earth on the axis is called
a) revolution b) seasons
c) rotation d) circulation
2. The Tropic of Capricorn faces the sun directly on
a) March 21 b) June 21
c) September 23 d) December 22
3. The galaxy in which our solar system is found is
a) Andromeda b) Magellanic clouds
c) Milky way d) Starburst
4. The only celestial body where man has successfully landed

a) Mars b) Moon
c) Mercury d) Venus
5. Which of the following planets can float on water?
a) Jupiter b) Saturn
c) Uranus d) Neptune
6. Galaxy means having a huge cluster of _____________
a) planets b) asteroids
c) stars d) meteors
7. The solar system is believed to have formed about _________ billion years ago.
a) 3 b) 4.5
c) 3.5 d) 5
8. ______ is self-luminous and gives light on its own.
a) sun b) moon
c) star d) earth
9. The outer planes are _________
a) Jupiter and mercury b) Venus and Earth
c) Saturn and Mars d) Uranus and Neptune
10. The nearest planet is ________
a) Mercury b) Venus
c) Neptune d) Jupiter
11. The fifth largest planet in the Solar System is __________
a) Jupiter b) Mars
c) Saturn d) Earth
12. Lo, Europe, Ganymede, Cellisto are a few large satellite of ___________
a) Jupiter b) Mars

c) Mercury d) Venus
13. The second largest planet in the solar system is _____
a) Mars b) Star
c) Earth d) Saturn
14. Saturn’s largest moon is _______
a) Europa b) Callisto
c) Titan d) Titania
15. Triton is the satellite of ________
a) Earth b) Jupiter
c) Neptune d) Uranus
16. Halley’s comet is expected to appear in __________
a) 2020 b) 2042
c) 2035 d) 2061
17. Pick out the leap year from the following.
a) 2001 b) 2014
c) 2018 d) 2020
18. Solid layer of rocks and soil is found in
a) biosphere b) lithosphere
c) hydrosphere d) atmosphere
II. Fill in the blanks:
1.The Universe was formed after Big Bang explosion.
2. Light year is the unit used to measure the distance between two celestial bodies.
3. Sun is the centre of the solar system.
4. the word planet means Wanderer.
5. Jupiter planet has many natural satellites.

6. India’s first ever mission to the moon is Chandrayaan-I
7. Earth is inclined by 23 1/2 degree
8. The Equator faces the Sun directly on 21st March and 23rd September.
9. At the time of Perihelion, the Earth is closest to the sun.
10. The line which divides day and night on the Earth’s surface is Terminator Line.
11. Universe is also referred to as the Cosmos.
12. The study of the Universe is called Cosmology.
13. The sound travels at a speed of 330m/s
14. In a galaxy, a huge cluster of stars are held by gravitational force.
15. The nearest galaxy to the earth is Andromeda.
16. The Roman word ‘sol’ mean Sun God.
17. The sun is made up of extremely hot gases like hydrogen and helium.
18. There are eight planets in the solar system.
19. The curved path in which the planets move around the sun is known as Orbit.
20. The four planets nearer to the Sun are called Inner or Terrestrial planets.
21. Outer planets are also called Jovian planets or Gaseous giants.
22.The smallest planet is Mercury.
23. The planet Venus is called Earth’s twin.
24. The living planet is Earth.
25. The distance between the Sun and the Earth is about 150 million kilometer.
26. The Mars is name after the Roman God of war.
27. ISRO has now become the fourth space agency to reach Mars.
28. The fastest spinning planet in the solar system is Jupiter.
29. Saturn has 62 natural satellites around it.
30. The specific gravity of Saturn is less than that of water.

31. The astronomer William Herschel discovered Uranus in 1781.
32. The planet Neptune has striking blue and white features.
33. The Dwarf planets are extremely cold and dark.
34. The Earth’s satellite is Moon.
35. Asteroids are the Minor planets.
36. The celestial object made up of a head and a tail is called a comet.
37. Shooting star is nothing but meteors.
38. The earth is spherical in shape.
39. The earth rotates on its axis.
40. The rotation of the Earth causes day and night.
41. In a leap year, there are 29 days in the month of February.
42. When day and night are equal throughout the Earth, it is known as Equinox.
43. The farthest position of the Earth from the Sun is known as Aphelion.
44. Summer Solstice is the longest day in Northern hemisphere.
45. The longest day in Southern Hemisphere is called as Winter Solstice.
46. The Greek word ‘Lithos’ means Rocky.
47. The Greek word ‘Hydro’ means Water.
48.The atmosphere is made up of different types of gases.
49. In Biosphere, there are zones called eco systems.
50. Our solar system is a part of the Milky way galaxy.
III. Underline the odd one out
1. Venus, Jupiter, Neptune, Saturn
2. Sirius, Andromeda, Milky way, Magellanic clouds
3. Pluto, Eris, Cerest, Io
4. Comet, Asteroids, Meteorites, Dwarf planets.

5. Rover, orbiter, Aeroplane, Space shttle.
6. Mercury , Earth, Mars, Uranus
Ans: Uranus. The other three rotates anti-clockwise,
7. Pluto, Ceres, Makemake, Titan
Ans: Titan, Titan is a moon other three are Dwarf planets.
8. Sol, Bio, Aumo, Hydro
Ans: Sol. It is a Roman word, other three are Greek words.
9. Mars, Saturn, Mercury, Jupiter
Ans: Mercury, it doesn’t have any moon. Other three have moons.
10. Europa, Ganymede, Pluto, Callisto
Ans: Pluto. It is a dwarf planet. Other three are satellites of Jupiter.
IV. Match the following:
a) 1. Hottest Planet - a) Mars
2. Ringed Planet - b) Neptune
3. Red Planet - c) Venus
4. Somersaulting Planet - d) Saturn
5. Coldest Planet - e) Uranus
Ans: 1-c; 2-d; 3-a; 4-e; 5-b
b) 1. Planets - a) Jovian planet
2. Mercury - b) Earth’s twin
3. Neptune - c) Living planet
4. Venus - d) Wanderer
5. Earth - e) Inner planet
Ans: 1-d; 2-e; 3-a; 4-b; 5-c
c) 1. Cosmos - a) Self-luminous

2. Sun - b) Axis tilted
3. Orbit - c) Universe
4. Mercury - d) Curved path
5. Uranus - e) No natural satellite.
Ans: 1-c; 2-a; 3-d; 4-e; 5-b
d) 1. Summer Solstice - a) 22nd December
2. Equinox - b) Rocky
3. Winter Solstice - c) 21st June
4. Lithos - d) Water
5. Hydro - e) 21st March
Ans: 1-c; 2-e; 3-a; 4-b; 5-d
V. Consider the following statements:
i) 1. Venus rotates from east to west.
2. The Tropic of Cancer faces the Sun on June 21.
3. Mars has rings around ti.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below
a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3 c) 1, 2 and 3 d) 2 only
ii) 1. Universe is referred to cosmos.
2. The Sun is at the centre of the solar system.
3. Pluto is a dwarf planet.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
a) 1 and 2 b) 2 and 3
c) 1,2 and 3 d) 1 only
iii) 1. Biosphere consists of Ecosystem.
2. Atmosphere consists of water bodies.

3. Lithosphere is the solid outer layer of the Earth.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below:
a) 1 and 2 b) 1 and 3
iv) Consider the following statement.
Statement 1: Earth is called a watery planet.
Statement 2: The rotation of the Earth causes seasons.
Which of the statements is/are true?
a) 1 is true, 2 is wrong b) 1 is wrong; 2 is true
c) Both the statements are true d) Statements 1 and 2 are wrong.
v) Statement 1: Jupiter is the eighth planet form the sun.
Statement 2: Jupiter is the Gaseous Giant planet.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
a) 1 is true, 2 is wrong b) 1 is wrong 2 is true
c) Both the statements are true d) Both the statements are wrong
vi) Statement 1: Summer Solstice is the longest day with Southern hemisphere.
Statement 2: Winter Solstice is the longest day in the Northern hemisphere.
Which of the following statements is/are true?
a) 1 is true, 2 is wrong b) 1 is wrong 2 is true
c) Both the statements are true d) Both the statements are wrong
VI. Name the following
1. Cluster of stars Ans: Galaxy
2. The nearest galaxy to the solar system Ans: Magelianic clouds / Andromedia
3. The brightest planet Ans: Venus
4. The living sphere Ans: Earth

5. The year which has 366 days Ans: Leap year
6.A massive explosion to bring the celestial bodies into existence. Ans: Big Bang
7. The somersaulting planet. Ans: Uranus
8. The study of the Universe. Ans: Cosmology.
9. Outer planets or Jovian planets Ans: Gaseous giants
10.Morning star. Ans: Venus
11. Red planet Ans: Mars
12. Fastest spinning planet. Ans: Jupiter
13. Its specific gravity in less than water. Ans: Saturn
14. The planet appears green. Ans: Uranus
15. It comes close to the Earth every 76 years. Ans: halley’s comet
16. Shooting star Ans: Meteors
17. It is in spherical shape. Ans: Earth
18. The spinning movement of the Earth. Ans: Rotation
19. 21st March and 23rd September. Ans: Equinoxes
20. This layer is made up of different types of gases. Ans: Atmosphere
VII. Short Questions & Answers
1. Name the inner planets.
The inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars.
2. Pluto is no longer a planet. Reason out.
i) In August 2006, the International Astronomical Union (IAU) down-graded the status of Pluto to that
of dwarf planet.
ii) The three criteria of the IAU for a full sized planet are
a) It is in orbit around the sun.

b) It has sufficient Mass to assume nearly a round shape.
c) It has cleared the neighborhood around its orbit.
iii) Since Pluto is able to meet only the first two of the criteria, it is no more a planet.

3. What is Perihelion?
Perihelion is the Earth’s closest position to the Sun.
4. How many times in a year would you find the sun overhead if you lived on 20oN latitude?
Two times, it would be on 21st March and 23rd September.
5. Which celestial body shares its orbit with others? Give an example.
i) The dwarf planets share their orbit with others.
ii) The five dwarf planets of the solar system are Pluto, Ceres, Eris, Makemake and Haunea.
6. Differentiate between Mercury and Venus.
Sl.No. Mercury Venus
1 Smallest and closest planet to the Second planet from the sun.
Sun.
2 Experiences extremes of Rotates in opposite direction. Hottest

temperature. planet.
3 Airless and waterless planet. Brightest planet.
7. Differentiate between Asteroids and Comets.
Sl.No. Asteroids Comets
1 Small solid objects moving A celestial object made up of a head

around the sun. and tail.
2 Found as a belt between Mars and The head of a comet consists of solid
Jupoter. particles held together by ice and the
tail is made of gases.
3 They are too small to be called Halley’s comet comes close to earth
planets. every 76 years.
4. They are also known as Minor

planets of planetoids.
8. What does the universe consist of?
The universe consists of billions of galaxies, stars, planets, comets, asteroids, meteors and natural
satellites.

9. Did the ancient Tamils know that the planets went around the Sun? if yes, then give example.
Yes, In Tamil literature, Sirupanatruppadai, it is mentioned that the Sun is surrounded by planets.
10. What is a solar system?
i) The solar system is gravitationally bound system.
ii) It comprises of the sun, the eight planets, dwarf planets, satellites, comets, asteroids and meteors.
11. Name the eight planets.
1) Mercury 2) Venus 3) Earth 4) Mars 5) Jupiter 6) Saturn 7) Uranus and 8) Neptune are the planets.
12. Write a note on the Venus.
i) Venus rotates in the opposite direction to all other planets except Uranus.
ii) It has no natural satellites.
iii) If is often visible in the mornings and the evenings. So it is also known as Morning star and the
Evening star.
13. Name the two natural satellites of Mars.
Phobos and Deimos are the two natural satellites of Mars.
14. Name the four largest satellites of Jupiter.
Lo, Europa, Ganymede and Callisto are the four largest satellites of Jupiter.
15. Define satellites.
Satellites are celestial objects which revolve around the planets.
16. Where do we find the Asteroids?
i) Asteroids are small solid objects that move around the Sun.
ii) They are found as a belt between the Mars and Jupiter.
iii) They are too small to be called as planets.
17. What is Rotation?
Rotation is the spinning movement of the Earth on its axis.
18. What is Revolution?
Revolution is the movement of the Earth around the Sun on its elliptical path.
19. Even though Mercury is the nearest planet to the Sun, Venus is the hottest one. Guess why?
i) Venus is the hottest planet even though Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun.
ii) The reason that Venus is hotter than Mercury is because it has an atmosphere made of Carbon
dioxide.
iii) It also has clouds of acids inside its atmosphere.
iv) This is called Green House effect.
20. If you could pit Saturn in a large enough ocean, it would float. Guess why?
i) Being less dense than water means that it would float on an ocean big enough to contain it.
ii) Saturn is the only planet in the Solar system that is less dense than water.
iii) Since Saturn is higher than water, it can float on water.
21. Imagine you were on a space craft travelling at the speed of light from Earth, how long would it
take to reach the sun?
i) Sunlight travels at the speed of light.
ii) Photons emitted from the surface of the sun need to travel across the vacuum of space to reach our
eyes.
iii) It takes sunlight to an average time of 8 minutes and 20 seconds to travel from the Sun to Earth.
22. We see only one side of the Moon always. Why?
i) We can see only one side of the moon.
ii) It is because the moon revolves around the Earth at the exact same speed as it rotates around its
own axis.
iii) So that the same side of the moon is constantly facing the surface of the Earth.
iv) It takes 27 days and 8 hours for its one rotation.
v) If the moon did not rotate at all, we would see all of its sides.
23. Priya is 12 year old. How many times she would have revolved around the sun?
i) It takes the earth 3651/4 days to complete one orbit around the sun.
ii) It is the movement of the Earth around the sun on its elliptical path.
iii) Priya is 12 year old. She would have revolved around he Sun 12 times.

24. If the Earth is not inclined at 23½ o angle, what would happen to the Earth?
i) If the earth weren’t tilled on its axis, there would be no seasons and humanity would suffer.
ii) An Earth without a tilt would get colder as you move away from the equator.
iii) Humans would never survive the continuous winter of the high latitudes.
iv) Fortunately, as things are, Earth’s tropical zones tend to have minimal temperature, day-length
variability over the course of the year.
VIII. Give reasons:
1. Why is Uranus called the somersaulting planet?
The axis of Uranus is tilted so much that, it appears to orbit the sun on its sides like a rolling ball. So
Uranus is called the somersaulting planet.
2. The surface of the moon has many craters.
i) Moon has no atmosphere.
ii) The surface of the moon is characterized by craters created by the impact of meteors.
3. The velocity of Earth’s rotation is zero at plies.
i) The earth is a sphere.
ii) It is widest at the equator, becoming increasingly narrow further toward to top and bottom.
iii) The velocity of earth’s rotation varies from 1670 km/hr at equator and to 845 km/hr at 60oN and S
and zero at the poles.
4. The eight planets revolve in their respective orbits.
The eight planets revolve in their respective orbits because of the gravitational pull of the Sun.
5. Planer Mercury experiences extremes of temperature.
Mercury does not have an atmosphere and so experiences extremes of temperature.
6. Life is possible on the Earth.
Life is possible on Earth because of the presence of land, air and water.
7. Mars appears red in colour.
Mars appears red in colour due to presence of iron oxide on its surface.
8. Seasons are caused.

The inclination of the Earth on its axis and its revolution around the sun cause different seasons.
9. We think the sun is continuously moving north and south of the equator.
The changing position of the Earth in its orbit during revolution gives this impression.
2. Land and Oceans

1. Which of the following is the smallest ocean on Earth?
a) The Pacific Ocean b) The Indian Ocean
c) The Atlantic ocean d) The Arctic Ocean
2. The Malacca Strait connects
a) The Pacific and Atlantic oceans b) The Pacific and Southern Oceans
c) The Pacific and Indian Oceans d) The Pacific and Arctic Oceans
3. Which of the following oceans is the busiest ocean?
a) The Pacific Ocean b) The Atlantic Ocean
c) The Indian Ocean d) The Arctic Ocean
4. The frozen continent is
a) North America b) Australia
c) Antarctica d) Asia
5. A narrow strip of water that connects two large water bodies
a) A strait b) An Isthmus
c) An Island d) A Trench
6. The largest continent is
a) Europe b) Australia c) North America d) Asia
7. Andes mountain is located in
a) North America b) South America
c) Asia d) Europe

8. The largest mountain range in the world is
a) Himalayas b) Rocky
c) Andes d) Alps
9. The International Mountain Day is
a) December 10th b) December 11th
c) December 12th d) December 13th
10. “Roof of the world” denotes to
a) Tibetan Plateau b) Chotanagpur Plateau
c) Deccan Plateau d) Malwa Plateau
11. Bering sea is the marginal sea of the ________ ocean.
a) Pacific b) Indian
c) Atlantic d) Arctic
12. The Reunion islands are present in ___________ Ocean.
a) Arctic b) Antarctic
c) Indian d) Pacific
13. The land surrounded by water on three sides is called
a) Bay b) Strait
c) Peninsula d) Trench
1. The world’s largest continent is Asia.
2. Chotanagpur Plateau is the mineral rich plateau in India.
3. The largest ocean is the Pacific Ocean.
4. Deltas are Third order landforms.
5. The Island continent is Australia.
6. The highest peak in the world is Mt. Everest.

7. Tin Sangam period, Mountain and its environs are classified as Kurinji land.
8. The flat topped part of the plateau is called Table land.
9. The plains have been the cradle of civilisation from the earliest times.
10. The Indo-Gangetic plain in North India is one of the largest plains in the world.
11. Sand dunes form the third order landform.
12. The process of removal of surface material from the Earth’s crust is called Erosion.
13. Chain of volcanoes present around the Pacific Ocean are called the pacific Ring of fire.
14. The shape of the Atlantic Ocean resembles the letter S.
15. Bay of Bengal and Palk Bay are connected by Palk Strait.
III. Underline the odd one out.
1. Africa, Europe, Australia, Sri Lanka
2. The Arctic oceans, The Mediterranean Sea, the Indian Ocean, The Atlantic Ocean.
3. Plateau, Valley, Plain, Mountain.
4. The Bay of Bengal, The Bering Sea, The China Sea, The Tasman Sea.
5. The Andes, the Rockies, the Everest, the Himalayas.
6. Rivers, Glaciers, Winds, Plains.
7. Marina Trench, Tasman Sea, Philippine Sea, Strait of Gibraltar.
8. The Ross Sea, The Weddell Sea, The Davis Sea, The Red Sea.
9. Palk Strait, The Arctic Ocean, Greenland, Eurasian Basin.
10. Dhannapuri Plateau, Coimbatore Plateau, Madurai Plateau, Malwa Plateau.
IV. Match the following:
a) 1. The South Sandwich Trench - a) The Atlantic Ocean
2. The Milwaukee Trench - b) The Southern Ocean
3. The Mariana Trench - c) The Indian Ocean
4. The Eurasian Basin - d) The Pacific Ocean

5. The Java Trench - e) The Arctic Ocean
Ans: 1-b; 2-a; 3-d; 4-e; 5-c
b) 1. Kurinji - a) Forest
2. Mullai - b) Costal Region
3. Marutham - c) Deserts
4. Neithal - d) Agriculture land
5. Palai - e) Mountains
Ans: 1-e; 2-a; 3-d; 4-b; 5-c
V. Consider the following statements:
i) 1. Plains are formed by rivers.
2. The South Sandwich Trench is found in the Indian Ocean.
3. Plateaus have steep slopes.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 3 b) 2 and 3
ii) 1. Andes mountains are the longest mountain range in the world.
2. Mountains come under the second order landforms.
3. The highest point of the mountain is known as peak.
Choose the correct answer using the codes given below.
a) 1 and 2 b) 1,2 and 3 c) 2 and 2 d) 1 and 3
iii) Consider the following statements.
Statement 1: Mountains are second order landforms.
Statement 2: The Mariana Trench is the deepest trench in the world.
Which of the statement(s) is/are true?
a) 1 is true, 2 is wrong b) 1 is wrong, 2 is true

c) both the statements are true d) statements 1 and 2 are wrong.
ii) Consider the following statements
Statement 1: Ferdinand Magellan named the ocean pacific, meaning calm.
Statement 2: Ferdinand Magellan was a Spanish navigator.
Which of the statement(s) is/are true?
a) 1 is true, 2 is wrong b) 1 is wrong, 2 is true
c) both the statements are true d) statements 1 and 2 are wrong.
VI. Short Questions & Answers:
1. Which is the highest plateau in the world?
Tibetan Plateau.
2. Name a second order landform.
Mountains or Plateaus or Plains.
3. Which ocean is named after a country?
Indian Ocean
4. Name the island located in the Arabian Sea.
Lakshadweep islands.
5. What is the deepest part of the ocean called as?
Trench
6. What is a continent?
The vast land masses on Earth are called Continent.
7. Name the continents which surround the Atlantic Ocean.
The Atlantic Ocean is bounded by North America and South America in the West and Europe and
Africa in the East.
8. What are Oceans?
Oceans are vast expanse of water.
9. List out the names of continents according to their size.

For the largest to the smallest, they are Asia, Africa, North America, South America Antarctica,
Europe and Australia.
10. Name the oceans which surround North America and South America.
North America: On the west by Pacific Ocean, on the east by Atlantic Ocean and on the North by
Arctic Ocean.
South America: On the west by Pacific Ocean, on the east by Atlantic Ocean.
11. Distinguish between A Mountain and a Plateau
Sl.No. Mountains Plateaus
1 A landform that rises over 600 Plateaus are the elevated portion of
metre above its surroundings and the Earth that have flat surface
has sleep slopes is called a bounded by sleep slopes. The
mountain. elevation of plateaus may be a few
hundred metre or several thousand
metre.
2 Example: Himalayas Example: Chotanagpur Plateau
12. An Ocean and a Sea
Sl.No. Ocean Sea
1 Ocean are vast expanse of water. Seas are water bodies partially or
fully enclosed by land.
2 Eg. Pacific Ocean Eg. Bay of Bengal Arabian Sea
13. Describe 11 International Mountain Day.
Prepare slogans, posters and placards to celebrate International Mountain Day.
i) “Mountains are among the most beautiful land masses in the world.”
ii) “Mountains are beautiful as they rise up above the clouds and show just how grand the world can
be.”
iii) “Great things are done when men and mountains meet.”
iv) “How glorious a greetin the Sun gives the mountains.”
v) “Mountains are earths undecaying monuments.”

vi) “The mountains, forests and seas render men savage, they develop fierce, but yet do not destroy
the human.”
vii) “Men stumble over pebbles, never over mountains.”
viii) “Each fresh peak ascended teaches something.”
ix) “Mountains are the beginning and end of all natural scenery.”
x) “He who climbs upon the highest mountains laughs at all tragedies, real or imaginary.”
14. You know the importance of conservation of forests. Do you think conservation of mountains is
also equally important?
i) Mountains make up more than a quarter of the planet’s land mass. These surfaces provide resources
for nearly 700 million people throughout the world.
ii) Mountains provide energy resources, food and water to people all around the world.
iii) But climate change could cause mountains to shrink.
iv) Deforestation has also been a threat while natural disasters often damage many mountains.
v) Mountains are among the most beautiful land masses in the world. So like conservation of forests,
conservation of mountains is also equally important.
15. When you are walking on the Marine beach in Chennai, which order of landform are you in?
Third order of landform
16. Why are the Red Sea, Dead Sea and Black Sea named so?
i) Red Sea: It is names Red Sea because it contains a Cyanobacteria which turns the normally blue-
green water a reddish one. It gets connected to the ocean without even on river meeting the sea.
ii) Black Sea: The Black Sea was first named by the ancient Greek as in hospitable sea. The Sea got
this reputation because it was different to navigate and hostile tribes inhabited its shores. After the
successful development of the coast by the Greek colonists, the sea was named hospitable sea.
iii) Dead Sea: The Dead Sea is roughly 8.6 times saltier than the ocean. this salinity makes for a harsh
environment in which animals cannot flourish.
17. When you travel from Japan to California, which ocean would you travel across?
Pacific Ocean
18. When you arrange the continents in ascending order according to their size, what ranks third?
Antarctica
19. A broad inlet of the sea where the land curves inwards. Ans: Bay

20. A relatively leveled area of the earth’s surface with gentle slope. Ans: Plain
21. The Plains of river Cauvery and Vaigai are found in the State of Ans: Tamil Nadu
22. The eroded materials getting deposited on the low lying areas. Ans: Deposition
23. The strait which connects the Atlantic ocean to the Mediterranean Sea. Ans: Strait of Gibraltar
24. Why do we see the most part of the globe in blue colour?
We see the most part of the globe in blue colour because a large part of the earth is covered by water
which occupies 71 percent and land which occupies only 29 percent of the earth’s surface.
25. What are the Second order landforms?
The second order landforms are categorized as mountains, plateaus and plains.
26. Mention some of the hill stations found in Tamil Nadu.
Udaga Mangalam. Kodaikanal, Kolli hills, Yercard and yelagiri are some of the stations found in
Tamil Nadu.
27. Mention some of the early civilizations.
The Indus valley civilization, the Mesopotamian civilization, the Egyptian civilization and the
Chinese civilization are some the early civilizations.
28. What is Oceanography?
The study of oceans is called Oceanography.
29. Mention the islands located in the Pacific Ocean?
Indonesia, Philippines, Japan, Hawaii, New Zealand are some of the islands in the Pacific Ocean.
30. Distinguish between A Continent and Ocean
Sl.No. Continent Ocean
1 The vast land masses are called Oceans are vast expanse of water.
continents.
2 Example. Asia, Africa, Europe Example. Pacific Ocean, Atlantic

Ocean
31. Distinguish between An Pacific Ocean and a Atlantic Ocean
Sl.No. Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean

1 The largest and deepest ocean. Second largest ocean.
2 It spreads out 168.72 million sq.km It spreads about 85.13 million sq.km
3 The Bering Sea, the China Sea, the Mediterranean Sea, the Caribbean sea, the
Sea of Japan, Tasman Sea, Gulf of Mexico, the North Sea, the Gulf of
Philippines Sea are some of the Guinea are important marginal seas.
marginal seas.
32. Write note on the Third order of landform.
i) The Third order landforms are formed on the mountains, plateaus and plains mainly by erosion and
depositional activities of rivers, glaciers, winds and waves.
ii) Valleys, beaches and sand dunes are some examples of Third order landforms.
iii) Erosion is the process of removal of surface material from the Earth’s crust.
iv) The eroded materials are transported and deposited on the low lying areas.
v) This process is called as deposition.
33. Bring out the features of the Indian Ocean.
i) The Indian Ocean is the third largest ocean on the Earth’s surface.
ii) It covers an area of 70.56 million sq.km.
iii) It is triangular in shape.
iv) It is bounded by Africa in the west, Asia in the North and Australia in the east.
v) The Andaman and Nicobar islands, Lakshadweep, Maldives, Srilanka, Mauritus and the Reunion
islands are some of the islands present in the Indian Ocean.
vi) The Java trench is the deepest point in the Indian Ocean.
CIVICS
01. Understanding Diversity

I. Choose the appropriate answer:
1. India consists of _____ Stages and _______ Union territories.
a) 27,9 b) 29,7

c) 28,7 d) 28, 9
2. India is known as a
a) Continent b) Sub continent
c) Island d) None of these
3. Mawsynram, the land of highest rainfall in located in
a) Manipur b) Sikkim
c) Nagaland d)Meghalaya
4. Which one of the following religion is not practiced in India.
a) Sikhism b) Islam
c) Zoroastrianism d) Confucianism
5. Recognized official language of India, as per VIII th Schedule of Indian Constitution.
a) 25 b) 23
c) 22 d) 26
6. Onam festival is celebrated in
a) Kerala b) Tamil Nadu
c) Punjab d) Karnataka
7. Mohiniyattam is a callsical dance of
a) Kerala b) Tamil Nadu
c) Manipur d) Karnataka
8. ‘Discovery of India’ – a book was written by
a) Rajaji b) V.O.C
c) Nethaji d) Jawaharlal Nehru
9. The Phrase ‘Unity in Diversity’ was coined by
a) Jawaharlal Nehru b) Ambedkar
c) Mahatma Gandhi d) Rajaji

10. V.A. Smith called India as _________
a) Great Democracy b) Unique land of diversities
c) Ethnological museum d) Secular nation
11. karagattam is a popular folk dance in
a) Tamil Nadu b) Gujarat
c) Assam d) Kerala
12. Punjab is well known for _________ dance.
a) Bihu b) Dandia
c) Bhangra d) Dumhal
13. India was called an ‘ethnological museum’ by
a) Rabindranath Tagore b) Dr Ambedkar
c) V.A. Smith d) Adam Smith
1. Geographical features and climatic conditions determine the economic activities of a region.
2. Jaisalmer, the land of lowers rainfall is located in Rajasthan.
3. Tamil was declared as classical language in the year 2004.
4. Dihu festival is celebrated in Assam
5. The migration of people is the reason for India’s rich diversity.
6. Jaisalmer, located in Rajasthan is the land of lowest rainfall.
7. The land of the highest rainfall is Mawsynram in Meghalaya.
8. A community is a place where people live together with a common interest of heritage.
9. The Fundamental unit of a society are families.
10. In a secular nation all religions are treated equally.
11. English language is widely used in official communication and daily life.
12. India is known for unity in diversity.

13. The first Prime Minister of independent India was Jawaharlal Nehru.
III. Match the following:
a) 1. Negroids - a) Religion
2. Coastal areas - b) India
3. Zoroastrianism - c) Fishery
4. Unity in diversity - d) Indian race
Ans: 1-d; 2-c; 3-a; 4-b
b) 1. Gujarat - a) Mohiniattam
2. Kerala - b) Kummi
3. Rajasthan - c) Garba
4. Tamil Nadu - d) Ghoomer
Ans: 1-c; 2-a; 3-d; 4-b
c) 1. Dussehra - a) Architecture
2. Zoroastrianism - b) language
3. Dilwara Temple - c) Festival
4. Malayalam - d) Religion
Ans: 1-c; 2-d; 3-a; 4-b
IV. Short Questions & Answers:
1. Define diversity.
In India, people speak different languages, eat different kinds of food, celebrate their own festivals.
Diversity means a range of different people or things.
2. What are the types of diversity?
The types of diversity are:
i) Land forms and Lifestyle diversity.
ii) Social diversity

iii) Religious diversity
iv) Linguistic diversity
v) Cultural diversity
3. Why is India called a sub continent?
i) A continent is a very large area of land with various physical features such as mountains, plateaus,
plains, rivers and seas and various types of weather patterns.
ii) India has all of them, so, India is known as a sub-continent.
4. Write the names of three major festivals celebrated in India.
i) Pongal, Deepavali - Hindus
ii) Miladi Nabi, Ramjan - Muslims
iii) Christmas, Easter - Christians
5. List out some of the classical dances of India.
i) Bharatanatyam ii) Kathak
iii) Kathakali iv) Yakshagana
v) Kuchipudi vi) Odissi
vii) Manipuri viii) Sattriya
6. Why is India called the land of unity in diversity?
i) In India, people who live in different parts of the country differ in their ways of life.
ii) These differences make us unique as Indians.
iii) We come from different backgrounds, belong to different cultures, worship different Gods in
different ways, yet we live together.
iv) This is known as unity in diversity.
7. List out the various festivals celebrated in different states.
1. Andhra Pradesh - Brahmotsavam
2. Arunachal Pradesh - Losar festival
3. Assam - Bohag Bihu

4. Bihar - Chhath Puja
5. Chhattisgarh - Bastar Dussehra
6. Goa - Carnival
7. Gujarat - Janmashtami, Diwali
8. Haryana - Baisaki
9. Himachal Pradesh - Maha Sivarathiri
10. Jammu and Kashmir - Eid-Ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Azha
11. Jharkhand - Holi
12. Karnataka - Ugadi
13. Kerala - Onam
14. Madhya Pradesh - Diwali
15. Maharastra - Ganesh Chaturthi
8. Who became the part of the modern Indian race?
The Dravidians, Negroids, Aryans, Alpines and Mongoloids became part of the modern Indian race.
9. Define Community.
Our community is made up of peasants, labourers, artisans, parents, teachers, students and many
others.
10. How is a city formed?
i) Families live in a harmonious neighborhood.
ii) Hundreds of neighborhoods collectively form a village.
iii) Thousands of them group together to form a city.
11. Name the religions which flourish in India.
Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Sikhism, Buddhism, Jainism and Zoroastrianism flourish in India.
12. Mention some of the festivals celebrated in India.
Festivals like Pongal, Deepavali, Holi, Vijayadhasami, Ayudha Puja, Navratri, Durga puja, Ganesh
Chaturthi, Onam, Miladi Nabi, Ramzan, Christmas are celebrated in India.

13. Mention the people who came to India for trade?
The Portuguese, the Dutch, the British, the Danish and the French came to India for trade.
14. What does the term culture refer to?
The term culture refers to customs and practices of people, their language, their dress code, cuisine,
religion, social habits, music, art and architecture.
15. Mention the importance of dances in India.
In ancient times, dance was considered as a way to celebrate worship and also as a gesture of thanks
giving and joy. Dances of India reflect its cultural richness.
16. How do land forms affect life style?
i) India is a sub continent.
ii) It has mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers and seas.
iii) Thses features influence upon the people who live in different landforms of the country.
iv) People who live in plains do agriculture.
v) Coastal areas take to fishing for their livelihood.
vi) Diversity in landforms also impacts the flora and fauna of that region.
vii) As a result food, clothing occupation and livelihood of the people is closely connected with the
regions natural surroundings and climate.
2. Achieving Equality
I. Choose the appropriate answer:
1. Which one of the following is not the reason for Prejudice?
a) Socialization b) Economic benefits
c) Authoritarian personality d) Geography
2. Discrimination done on the baiss of gender is referred to as
a) gender discrimination b) caste discrimination
c) religious discrimination d) inequality
3. Gender based stereotypes are often portrayed in

a) films b) advertisements
c) TV serials d) All of these
4. Name the books written by A.P.J. Abdul Kalam
a) India 2020 b) Wings of Fire
c) Ignited Minds d) All of these
5. A.P.J Abdul Kalam was conferred Bharat Ratna in the year
a) 1997 b) 1996
c) 1995 d) 1995
6. Viswanathan Anand became India’s first grandmaster in the year.
a) 1985 b) 1986
c) 1987 d) 1988
7. In which sport IIavazhagi excels
a) Chess b) Wrestling
c) Carrom d) Tennis
8. Which article of the Constitution says discrimination gainst any citizen on grounds only of religion,
race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them is not permitted?
a) 14(1) b) 15(1)
c) 16(1) d) 17(1)
9. B.R Ambedkar was conferred Bharat Ratna in the year.
a) 1990 b) 1989
c) 1988 d) 1987
10. As per the 2011 Census the highest literate district in Tamil Nadu
a) Namakkal b) Salem
c) Kanyakumari d) Sivagangai
11. The eleventh President of India was _________
a) Narasimha Rao b) Man Mohan Singh

c) Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam d) Lal Bahadur Sastri
12. Viswanathan Anand was born in __________
a) Chennai b) Bengaluru
c) Tiruvanandapuram d) Vishakhapatnam
13. Baba Saheb refers to __________
a) Patel b) Tilak
c) Ambedkar d) Gandhiji
14. Aparthelod, the racist policy was brought in ans end by __________
a) Martin Luther b) Nelson Mandela
c) Mother Theresa d) Tagore
1. People have false belief and ideas on others is called prejudice.
2. A.P.J. Abdul Kalam was born in Rameswaram.
3. Viswanathan Anand was the first recipient of Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna award, India’s highest sport
honour.
4. Dr. B.R. Ambedkhar was the independent India’s first Law Minister.
5. As per the 2011 Census the lowest sex ration as in Dharmapuri Dist.
6. Urban people are more civilized than rural people in attitudes and behavior.
7. When prejudice gets stronger, it develops into stereotype.
8. In 1988, India’s first grandmaster was Viswanathan Annad.
9.The Indian National carom championship in 2008 was won by Ilavazhagi.
10. At the Rio Paralympics (2016) Mariyappan won the gold medal in men’s high jump T-42 event.
11. The Father of the Indian Constitution is Dr. Ambedkar.
12. The most dominant reason for inequality and discrimination is caste system.
III. Match the following:
a) 1. Prejudice - a) abolition of untouchability

2. Stereotype - b) treating someone less fairly than others.
3. Discrimination - c) equality before law
4. Article 14 - d) false view or idea about something.
5. Article 17 - e) judge other people negatively.
Ans: 1-e; 2-d; 3- b; 4-c; 5-a
b) 1. Abdul Kalam - a) Padma Vibushan
2. Viswanathan Anand - b) India’s first law minister
3. Ambedkar - c) Closed
4. Varnas - d) Missile Man of India
Ans: 1-d; 2-a; 3-b; 4-c
IV. Short Questions & Answers:
1. What is Prejudice?
Prejudice means to judge other people in a negative or inferior manner, without knowing much about
them. It happens when people have false belief and ideas.
2. What is stereotype?
When prejudice gets stronger, it develops into a stereotype. Stereotype is a false vies or idea about
something. For example, girls are not good at sports.
3. What is discrimination?
Discrimination can be defined as negative actions towards people. Discrimination can happen on the
basis of colour, class, religion, gender etc.
4. What is the articles that are discussing the equality in the Indian Constitution?
i) Article 14 of the Indian constitution provides equality before the law or equal protection within the
territory of India.
ii) Article 15(1) of the Constitution states that the State shall not to discriminate against any citizen on
grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place of birth or any of them.
iii) Article 17 of the Indian constitution, untouchability is totally abolished.
5. Various discrimination in India. Discuss.

i) The different forms of inequalities such as caste inequality, religious inequality, race inequality or
gender inequality give rise to discrimination.
ii) Discrimination can happen on the basis of colour, class, religion, gender etc.
iii) Treating dark skinned people differently from fair skinned people , giving more importance to
people of higher than to those of lower caste and thinking boys are smarter than girls are all thoughts of
discrimination.
iv) Article 15(1) of the constitution states that the State not ot discriminate against any citizen on
grounds only of religion, race, caste, sex, place f birth or any of them.
6. What is meant by Stereotype?
i) When prejudice gets stronger it develops into a stereotype.
ii) Stereotype is a false view or idea about something.
iii) Stereotype is learned at a very early age, and children grown to have very strong ideas or opinions
about things, groups or ideologies.
iv) As children grow up, the lines of like and hate for others things, people, cultures, beliefs, languages
become stronger.
7. Name the books written by Dr, A,P,J Abdul Kalam.
Dr. APJ Abdul Kalam wrote many books. The famous among them are :
i) India 2020
ii) Wings of Fire
iii) Ignited Minds
iv) The Luminous Sparks
v) Mission India
8. How many times did Viswanathan Anand win World Class Championship?
Viswanathan Anand won the World Cup Championships five times in 2000, 2007, 2008, 2010 and
2012.
9. Write a short note on Dr. A.P.J Abdul Kalam.
 Avul Pakir Jainulabdeen Abdul Kalam was born in a Muslim family in Rameswaram. He was the 11 th
President of India and who is fondly remembered as peoples President. He completed his schooling at
Ramnad, graduation from St. Joseph’s college, Trichy and went to study aerospace engineering at the

Madras Institute of Technology (MIT). After he joined the Defense Research Development
Organisation (DRDO)
 Kalam’s family had become poor at his early age, he sold newspapers to supplement his family
income.
 Kalam has written many books. Among them, very famous books are India 2020, Wings of Fire,
Ignited Minds, The luminous Sparks and Mission India.
 He was a recipient of several prestigious awards, including the Bharat Ratna, India’s highest civilian
honour in 1997.
 His outstanding work earned him the title of the ‘Missile Man of India’.

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6th Social Science 1st Term Notes Questions – [New Book]

c) painting d) rearing of animals.

2. Where did early man live?

a) Mud house b) under tree

c) caves d) river banks

3. Who was the first ruler to give up war after victory?

a) Bimbisara b) Raja Raja Chola

a) Statement is true, but Reason is wrong.

b) Statement and reason are correct.

c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.

d) Both statement and reason are wrong.

Reason: It provided a comprehensive account of Ashoka.

a) Statement is true, but Reason are wrong.

b) Statement and reason are correct.

c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.

d) Both statement and reason are wrong.

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 1 of 68

3. Statement: Early man used stone tools.

Reason: He knew only stones as tools.

a) Statement is true, but Reason are wrong.

b) Statement and reason are correct.

c) Statement is wrong and reason is correct.

d) Both statement and reason are wrong.

Find out which of the following is related to the statement.

a) Museum b) Burial materials c) Stone tools d) Bones

5. Statement: Archaeological sources help to know about the early man.

Find out which of the following is related to the statement.

a) Monuments b) Pictures c) Metals d) Books

a) Kumbakonam b) Tiruchi c) Madurai d) Thanjavur

III. Find out the wrong pair.

(i) a) Old stone age - i) Stone tools

b) Rock paintings - ii) Walls of the caves

c) Copper plates - iii) A source of history

d) Cats - iv) First domesticated.

(ii) a) Stone tools - Prehistory

b) Writing system - History

c) Epigraphy - Study of inscription

d) Numismatics - Study of tools

(iii) a) Dharma - Righteousness

Learning Leads To Ruling Page 2 of 68

c) Lion pillar - Sanchi

IV. Find the odd one.

1. a) Paintings were drawn on rocks and caves.

b) There were paintings depicting hunting scenes.

c) It was drawn to show his family members about hunting.

d) The paintings were painted by using many colorus.

2. a) History is a record of past events.

b) In History the past events are given in chronological order.

c) History is derived from Istoria meaning learning by enquiry.

d) History is a mere collection of stories.

3. a) We have lion pillar in Sarnath.

b) This pillar was built by Ashoka.

c) There is a Dharmachakra in this pillar.

d) The chakra has uncountable spokes.

V. Fill in the blanks:

1. The old stone age man lived mostly in caves.

2. Herodotus is the father of history.

4. Inscriptions are archaeological sources.