Description Features: Lt3754 16-Channel × 50ma Led Driver
Description Features: Lt3754 16-Channel × 50ma Led Driver
Description Features: Lt3754 16-Channel × 50ma Led Driver
16-Channel × 50mA
LED Driver
Features Description
n Up to 45V of LEDs × 50mA, 16-Channel LED Driver The LT®3754 is a 16-channel LED driver with a step-up
n Wide Input Range : 6V to 40V (4.5V to 13V, DC/DC controller capable of driving up to 45V of LEDs.
VIN Connected to INTVCC) Each channel contains an accurate current sink with ±2.8%
n ±2.8% LED Current Matching at 20mA (Typ ±0.7%) current matching. Channels follow a master programmable
n Up to 3000:1 True Color PWM™ Dimming Range current to allow between 10mA to 50mA of LED current
n Single Resistor Sets LED Current (10mA to 50mA) per string. Channels can be paralleled for higher LED
n LED Current Regulated Even for PV > V current. Output voltage adapts to variations in LED VF for
IN OUT
n Output Adapts to LED V for Optimum Efficiency optimum efficiency and open LED faults do not affect the
F
n Fault Flag + Protection for Open LED Strings operation of connected LED strings.
n Protection for LED Pin to V
OUT Short The LT3754 allows a PWM dimming range up to 3000:1
n Parallel Channels for Higher LED Current
n Programmable LED Current Derating vs Temperature
and an analog dimming range up to 25:1. Operating
n Accurate Undervoltage Lockout Threshold with
frequency can be programmed from 100kHz up to 1MHz
using a single resistor or synchronized to an external clock.
Programmable Hysteresis
n Programmable Frequency (100kHz to 1MHz) Additional features include: programmable maximum
n Synchronizable to an External Clock VOUT for open LED protection, a fault flag for open LED,
programmable LED current derating vs temperature,
Applications micropower shutdown and internal soft-start. The LT3754
n Automotive, Notebook and TV Monitor Backlighting is available in a thermally enhanced 5mm × 5mm 32-pin
QFN package.
L, LT, LTC and LTM, Linear Technology and the Linear logo are registered trademarks
of Linear Technology Corporation. True Color PWM is a trademark of Linear Technology
Corporation. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners. Protected by U.S.
Patents, including 7199560, 7321203.
Typical Application
92% Efficient, 36W Backlight LED Driver Worst-Case Channels LED Current Matching
PVIN (Normalized to 16-Channel Average)
24V
4.7µF
10µH UP TO 45V OF LEDs PER STRING 0.8
VIN
10V
4.7µF 5×
LED CURRENT MATCHING (%)
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LT3754
Absolute Maximum Ratings Pin Configuration
(Note 1)
TOP VIEW
VOUT, LED1-16 ...........................................................60V
OVPSET
VIN, SHDN/UVLO, FAULT............................................40V
CTRL
PWM
TSET
VREF
ISET
VC
RT
INTVCC....................................................................... 13V
32 31 30 29 28 27 26 25
INTVCC above VIN....................................................+0.3V LED1 1 24 LED16
PWM, CTRL, SYNC......................................................6V LED2 2 23 LED15
VC ................................................................................3V LED3 3 22 LED14
VREF , RT, ISET, TSET, OVPSET........................................2V LED4 4
33
21 LED13
SENSE
GATE
INTVCC
VIN
SHDN/UVLO
FAULT
SYNC
VOUT
UH PACKAGE
32-LEAD (5mm × 5mm) PLASTIC QFN
TJMAX = 125°C, θJA = 34°C/W, θJC = 3°C/W
EXPOSED PAD (PIN 33) IS GND, MUST BE SOLDERED TO PCB
Order Information
LEAD FREE FINISH TAPE AND REEL PART MARKING* PACKAGE DESCRIPTION TEMPERATURE RANGE
LT3754EUH#PBF LT3754EUH#TRPBF 3754 32-Lead (5mm × 5mm) Plastic QFN –40°C to 125°C
LT3754IUH#PBF LT3754IUH#TRPBF 3754 32-Lead (5mm × 5mm) Plastic QFN –40°C to 125°C
Consult LTC Marketing for parts specified with wider operating temperature ranges. *The temperature grade is identified by a label on the shipping container.
Consult LTC Marketing for information on non-standard lead based finish parts.
For more information on lead free part marking, go to: http://www.linear.com/leadfree/
For more information on tape and reel specifications, go to: http://www.linear.com/tapeandreel/
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LT3754
Electrical
Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = VOUT = 6V, RISET = 14.7k unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
INPUT BIAS, REFERENCE
Minimum Operational VIN (To Allow GATE Switching) VC = 1.5V
VIN = INTVCC (Shorted) l 4.2 4.5 V
VIN ≠ INTVCC l 5.5 6.0 V
Operational VIN VIN = INTVCC (Shorted) 4.5 13 V
VIN ≠ INTVCC 6 40 V
VIN Quiescent Current LEDx = 1.2V
CTRL = 0.1V, PWM = 0V 4.2 5.7 mA
CTRL = 0.1V, PWM = 1.5V, (Not Switching) 9.5 12 mA
VIN Shutdown Current (VIN ≠ INTVCC) (Not Shorted) SHDN/UVLO = 0V, VIN =6V 0.1 2 µA
SHDN/UVLO = 0V, VIN = 40V 10 µA
VIN Shutdown Current (VIN = INTVCC (Shorted)) SHDN/UVLO = 0V, VIN = INTVCC = 4.5V 10 20 µA
SHDN/UVLO = 0V, VIN = INTVCC = 13V 20 40 µA
SHDN/UVLO Threshold (Micropower) (Falling) (VSD) IVIN < 20µA l 0.3 0.7 V
SHDN/UVLO Threshold (UVLO) (Falling) l 1.414 1.476 1.538 V
(Stop Switching) (VUV)
SHDN/UVLO Pin Current SHDN/UVLO = VUV - 50mV l 1.6 2.4 3.2 µA
SHDN/UVLO = VUV + 50mV 0 µA
VREF Voltage IVREF = 0µA l 1.450 1.485 1.524 V
VREF Line Regulation IVREF = 0µA, 6V < VIN < 40V 0.01 0.05 %/V
VREF Load Regulation 0 < IVREF < 150µA (Max) 2 mV
OSCILLATOR
Frequency: fOSC (100kHz) RT = 523k l 92 101 112 kHz
Frequency: fOSC (1MHz) RT = 39.2k l 0.90 1 1.10 MHz
fOSC (1MHz) Line Regulation RT = 39.2k, 6V < VIN < 40V 0.1 0.2 %/V
RT Pin Voltage RT = 39.2k 1.6 V
Minimum Off-Time (Note 5) 170 250 nS
Minimum On-Time (Note 5) 190 250 nS
SYNC Input High Threshold 2.2 V
SYNC Input Low Threshold 0.6 V
SYNC Input Current SYNC = 0V 0 µA
SYNC = 5V 25 µA
SYNC Frequency Range RT = 523k 0.12 1.5 MHz
RT = 39.2k 1.2 1.5 MHz
LINEAR REGULATOR (INTVCC)
INTVCC Regulation Voltage VIN = 12V 6.65 7 7.35 V
Dropout (VIN - INTVCC) IINTVCC = 10mA 250 mV
INTVCC UVLO (+) (Start Switching) 3.8 V
INTVCC UVLO (–) (Stop Switching) 3.4 V
INTVCC Current Limit l 44 57 mA
OVP/LED ERROR AMPLIFIERS
Transconductance (OVP) ∆IVC = ±2.5µA 4 µmhos
Voltage Gain (OVP) 5 V/V
Transconductance (LED) ∆IVC = ±2.5µA 33 µmhos
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LT3754
Electrical
Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = VOUT = 6V, RISET = 14.7k unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
Voltage Gain (LED) 45 V/V
VC Source Current (Out of Pin) VC = 1.5V, VLEDx = 0.8V, OVPSET = 1.5V 10 µA
VC Sink Current (OVP) VC = 1.5V, VLEDx = 0.8V, OVPSET = 0V 15 µA
VC Sink Current (LED) VC = 1.5V, VLEDx = 1.2V, OVPSET = 1.5V 9 µA
VC Output High (clamp) (VCOH) 2.3 V
VC Output Low (clamp) (VCOL) 0.8 V
VC Switching Threshold (VCSW) 1.1 V
SENSE AMP
SENSE Input Current (Out of Pin) SENSE = 0V 65 µA
SENSE Current Limit Threshold l 46 52 60 mV
Current Mode Gain ∆V(VC)/∆V(SENSE) 6 V/V
SENSE Over Current Limit Threshold l 90 100 110 mV
LED CURRENT / CONTROL
ISET Pin Voltage CTRL = 1.5V 1.00 V
LEDx Current (20mA) (RISET = 14.7k) VLEDx = 1V, CTRL = 1.5V 19.29 20.2 21.11 mA
LEDx Current Matching (20mA) (RISET = 14.7k) VLEDx = 1V, CTRL = 1.5V l ±0.7 ±2.8 %
LEDx Current (50mA) (RISET = 5.76k) VLEDx = 1V, CTRL = 1.5V 47.85 50.1 52.35 mA
LED Pin Regulation Voltage 1.1 V
TSET Threshold 630 mV
ANALOG DIMMING
CTRL Input Current (Out of Pin) CTRL = 1V 40 200 nA
CTRL = 0.04V 50 200 nA
LEDx Current (Dimming 25:1) VLEDx = 1V, CTRL = 0.04V 0.8 mA
PWM DIMMING
PWM Input Low Threshold 0.7 1 V
PWM Input High Threshold 1.1 1.4 V
PWM Input Current PWM = 1.5V 6 µA
PWM = 6V 24 µA
VOUT Pin Current in PWM Mode V(VOUT) = 60V PWM = 1.5V 370 µA
PWM = 0V 20 µA
LEDx Leakage Current VLEDx = 1V, VOUT = 12V 0.1 1 µA
(PWM = 0V) VLEDx = 50V, VOUT = 60V 0.1 2 µA
FAULT DIAGNOSTICS
FAULT Output Sink Current LED1 = Open, VFAULT = 0.3V 0.3 0.6 mA
LEDx Short Threshold (VSH) VOUT = 12V 6 V
(VOUT – VLEDx) VOUT = 60V 6 V
LED Open Detection Threshold VOUT = 12V 0.5 V
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LT3754
Electrical
Characteristics The l denotes the specifications which apply over the full operating
temperature range, otherwise specifications are at TA = 25°C. VIN = VOUT = 6V, RISET =14.7k unless otherwise noted.
PARAMETER CONDITIONS MIN TYP MAX UNITS
GATE DRIVER
GATE Driver Output Rise Time VIN = 7V, CL = 3300pF (Note 4) 30 nS
GATE Driver Output Fall Time VIN = 7V, CL = 3300pF (Note 4) 30 nS
GATE Output Low IGATE= 0µA 0.1 V
GATE Output High INTVCC = VIN = 7V
IGATE = 0µA 6.95 V
OUTPUT VOLTAGE
VOUT Over Voltage Protection (OVP) Regulation Voltage OVPSET = 0.22V 12.5 V
OVPSET = 1V 57 V
OVPSET Input Current (Out of Pin) OVPSET = 0.22V, VOUT =12V 40 200 nA
Note 1: Stresses beyond those listed under Absolute Maximum Ratings LT3754I is guaranteed to meet performance specifications from
may cause permanent damage to the device. Exposure to any Absolute –40°C to 125°C junction temperature.
Maximum Rating condition for extended periods may affect device Note 3: For Maximum Operating Ambient Temperature, see
reliability and lifetime. Thermal Calculations in the Applications Information section.
Note 2: The LT3754E is guaranteed to meet performance specifications Note 4: GATE rise and fall times are measured between 10% and 90%
from 0°C to 125°C junction temperature. Specifications over the –40°C of INTVCC voltage.
to 125°C operating junction temperature range are assured by design, Note 5: See Duty Cycle Considerations in the Applications Information.
characterization and correlation with statistical process controls. The
35 29.4k
30
0.0 20.00
25
20
–0.4 19.50 15
10
5
RISET = 14.7k (I(LED) = 20mA)
–0.8 19.00 0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0.00 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.00 1.25 1.50
JUNCTION TEMERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMERATURE (°C) CTRL (V)
3754 G01 3754 G02 3754 G03
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LT3754
Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
PWM 1.465
1.465
10V/DIV
3754 G04
5µs/DIV
1.445 1.445
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMERATURE (°C)
3754 G05 3754 G06
2.70 10
SHDN/UVLO PIN CURRENT (µA)
8
3
2.50 6
2
2.40 4
PWM = 0V, CTRL = 0.1V
1
2.30 2
2.20 0 0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) VIN (V)
3754 G07 3754 G08 3754 G09
1050
VC PIN VOLTAGE (V)
10
VIN CURRENT (mA)
1.5
PWM = 1.5V, NO SWITCHING, VC ACTIVE (SWITCHING)
V(LED1-16) = 1.2V, CTRL = 0.1V 1000
RT = 39.2k
1.0
5
VC LOW CLAMP
PWM = 0V, CTRL = 0.1V 950
0.5
0 900 0.0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
3754 G10 3754 G11 3754 G12
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LT3754
Typical Performance Characteristics TA = 25°C, unless otherwise noted.
INTVCC (V)
INTVCC (V)
INTVCC (V)
6.8 5
INTVCC UVLO(+)
ILOAD = 40mA 5.00 4
6.7 ILOAD = 10mA
ILOAD = 20mA 3 INTVCC UVLO(–)
ILOAD = 30mA
VIN = 8V, PWM = 0V ILOAD = 40mA
6.6 4.5 2
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
3754 G13 3754 G14 3754 G15
55 55.0
SENSE PIN VOLTAGE (mV)
INTVCC CURRENT (mA)
50
52.5
40
OVP (V)
50 50.0
INDUCTOR PEAK CURRENT THRESHOLD
(CYCLE-BY-CYCLE) 30
47.5
45 20
45.0 OVPSET = 0.22V
42.5 10
40 40.0 0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C)
3754 G16 3754 G17 3754 G18
VOUT – V(LEDx) Short Threshold Minimum ON and OFF Times GATE Rise/Fall Times
vs Junction Temperature vs Junction Temperature vs GATE Capacitance
7.00 250 120
CGATE = 3300pF VIN = 8V, INTVCC = 7V, RT = 523k
6.75
225 100
6.50
SHORT THRESHOLD (V)
MINIMUM ON-TIME
200 80
6.25 VOUT = 60V
FALL TIME
TIME (ns)
TIME (ns)
6.00 175 60
VOUT = 12V RISE TIME
5.75 MINIMUM OFF-TIME
150 40
5.50
125 20
5.25
5.00 100 0
–50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 –50 –25 0 25 50 75 100 125 0 5 10 15 20
JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) JUNCTION TEMPERATURE (°C) CGATE (nF)
3754 G18 3754 G20 3754 G21
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LT3754
Pin Functions
LEDx (Pin 1-8,17-24): 16 LED Driver Outputs. Each output RT (Pin 25): A resistor to ground programs switching
contains an open collector constant current sink. LED frequency fOSC between 0.1MHz and 1MHz.
currents are programmable from 10mA to 50mA using a VC (Pin 26): Output of Both Transconductance Error
single resistor at the ISET pin. Connect the cathode of each Amplifiers for the Converter Regulation Loop. The most
LED string to an LED pin. Connect the anode of each LED
commonly used gm error amplifier (LED) regulates VOUT
string to VOUT. Channels can be paralleled for greater LED to ensure no LED pin falls below 1.1V. The other gm error
current or individually disabled (connect LED to VOUT).
amplifier (OVP) is activated if all LEDs fail open and a
SENSE (Pin 9): The Current Sense Input for the Control regulated maximum VOUT is required. Connect a resistor
Loop. Connect this pin to the sense resistor in the source and capacitor in series from the VC pin to ground.
of the external power MOSFET. PWM (Pin 27): Input Pin for PWM Dimming Control. Above
GATE (Pin 10): Drives the gate of an N-channel MOSFET 1.4V allows converter switching and below 0.7V disables
from 0V to INTVCC. switching. The PWM signal can be driven from 0V to 6V.
INTVCC (Pin 11): A 7V LDO supply generated from VIN and If unused, connect to VREF.
used to power the GATE driver and some control circuitry. OVPSET (Pin 28): Programs maximum allowed VOUT
Must be bypassed with a 4.7µF capacitor to GND. regulation level if all LEDs are open circuit.
VIN (Pin 12): Input Supply Pin. Must be locally bypassed CTRL (Pin 29): CTRL pin voltage below 1V controls
with a 1µF capacitor to ground. maximum LED current. CTRL voltage can be set by a
SHDN/UVLO (Pin 13): The SHDN/UVLO pin has an accurate resistor divider from VIN, VREF or an external voltage source.
1.476V threshold and can be used to program an under volt- LED current derating versus temperature is achievable
age lockout (UVLO) threshold for system input supply using if the voltage programmed at the CTRL pin has a negative
a resistor divider from supply to ground. A 2.4µA pin cur- temperature coefficient using an external resistor divider
rent hysteresis allows programming of UVLO hysteresis. from VREF pin with temperature dependent resistance.
SHDN/UVLO above 1.476V turns the part on and removes TSET (Pin 30): Programs LT3754 junction temperature
a 2.4µA sink current from the pin. SHDN/UVLO < 0.7V breakpoint past which LED current will begin to derate.
reduces VIN current < 20µA. If the shutdown function is
VREF (Pin 31): 1.485V Reference Output Pin. This pin can
not required, it should be forced above 1.476V or con-
supply up to 150µA. Can be used to program CTRL, TSET
nected directly to VIN.
and OVPSET pin voltages using resistor dividers to ground.
FAULT (Pin 14): Active low if any or all LED strings have
ISET (Pin 32): Resistor to Ground Programs LED pin cur-
an open fault. If fault(s) removed, FAULT flag returns high.
rent. See Table 6 in the Applications Information Section.
Fault status is only updated during PWM high state and
latched during PWM low. Exposed Pad (Pin 33): GND. The ground for the IC and
the converter. The package has an exposed pad (Pin 33)
SYNC (Pin 15): Allows synchronization of boost converter
underneath the IC which is the best path for heat out of
switching frequency to an external clock. RT resistor should
the package. Pin 33 should be soldered to a continu-
be programmed for fOSC 20% below SYNC frequency. If
ous copper ground plane under the device to reduce
unused, connect to GND.
die temperature and increase the power capability of
VOUT (Pin16): Boosted Output Voltage of the Converter. the LT3754.
Connect a capacitor from this pin to ground. Connect the
anode of each LED (string) to VOUT.
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LT3754
Block Diagram
12 11
SHDN/UVLO VIN INTVCC 7V(REGULATED) UVLO(+) = 3.8V, UVLO(−) = 3.4V
13 +
600k 1.476V – R Q GATE
10
S
VC
EN SYNC
– + – + OSC
15
SLOPE RT
25
–
1.485V 52mV
– 100mV
REF
1.485V
+ + PEAK + OVER
4.2V(+) CURRENT CURRENT
– 3.7V(−) SENSE
EN 9
HICCUP__MODE
VOUT
INTVCC_UV
VIN_UV + 6V LEDx
16
CHANNEL X
+
1.1V 56R
OVERVOLTAGE
LED AMP AMP –
– +
+
R
VPTAT
TSET ISET EXPOSED PAD (GND) VC OVPSET
30 32 33 26 28
3754 BD
Operation
The operation of the LT3754 is best understood by referring VOUT regulates to the lowest possible voltage allowable to
to the typical application circuit on the front page and the maintain regulated current in each LED string. Any OPEN
Block Diagram in Figure 1. The LT3754 drives 16 strings LED fault is indicated by the FAULT pin driven low without
of LEDs by using a constant switching frequency, current effecting the operation of the connected LED strings.
mode boost controller to generate a single output voltage
VOUT for the top (anode) of all LED strings. LED string The Block Diagram in Figure 1 illustrates the key functions
current is generated and controlled by connection of the of the LT3754. It can be seen that two external supplies,
bottom LED in each string (cathode) to a current source VREF and INTVCC, are generated by the LT3754. The VREF
contained in each corresponding LED pin. Each LED pin pin provides a precision 1.485V output for use with external
contains an accurate current sink to ground, programmable resistors to program the CTRL, OVPSET and TSET input
between 10mA to 50mA using a single resistor at the ISET pins. The INTVCC pin provides a regulated 7V output to
pin. LED channels can be paralleled to achieve higher LED supply the gate driver for the boost controller GATE pin.
currents. For applications requiring less than 16 strings An accurate 1.476V threshold on the SHDN/UVLO pin
of LEDs, channels can be paralleled or disabled (connect combined with a SHDN/UVLO pin current hysteresis allows
LED pin to VOUT before start-up). For optimum efficiency, a programmable resistor divider from VIN to SHDN/UVLO
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LT3754
Operation
to define the turn on/off voltages for VIN. SHDN/UVLO pin MOSFET and triggers soft-start internally. In this fault mode
current switches from 2.4µA to 0µA when SHDN/UVLO the LT3754 only allows MOSFET turn-on approximately
pin voltage exceeds 1.476V. every 2ms. This hiccup mode significantly reduces the
The LT3754 constant switching frequency is program- power rating required for the MOSFET.
mable from 100kHz up to 1MHz using a single resistor LED current programming and dimming can be achieved
at the RT pin to ground. A SYNC pin is also provided to using the ISET, CTRL and PWM pins. A single resistor at
allow an external clock to define the converter switch- the ISET pin programs LED current. Analog dimming of
ing frequency. The GATE output provides a ±0.8A peak LED brightness is achieved using the CTRL pin below 1V.
gate drive for an external N-channel power MOSFET to PWM dimming of LED brightness is achieved by control-
generate a boosted output voltage VOUT using a single ling the duty cycle of the PWM pin.
inductor, Schottky diode and output capacitor. With LED
For robust operation the LT3754 monitors system
strings connected from VOUT to every LED pin, the lowest
conditions and performs soft-start for start-up after any of
voltage on each LED pin is monitored and compared to
the following faults: VIN, SHDN or INTVCC voltages too low or
an internal 1.1V reference. VOUT is regulated to ensure MOSFET current too high. The LT3754, when entering these
the lowest LED pin voltage of any connected LED string
faults, discharges an internal soft-start node and prevents
is maintained at 1.1V. If any of the LED strings are open,
switching at the GATE pin. When exiting these faults the
the LT3754 regulation loop will ignore the open LED pin.
LT3754 ramps up an internal soft-start node to control VC
If all of the LED strings are open VOUT charges up until pin voltage rise and hence control MOSFET peak switch
a user programmable OVP (overvoltage protection) level
current rise. In addition the soft-start period gradually
is reached. This programmable OVP level allows the user
ramps up switching frequency from approximately 33%
to protect against LED damage when the LED strings are
to 100% of full scale.
opened and then reconnected.
The LT3754 monitors each LED pin voltage. If the LED
Since the LT3754 boost controller uses a current mode
string has an open fault (V(LEDX)<0.5V) the FAULT flag
topology, the VC pin voltage determines the peak current is pulled low.
in the inductor of the converter and hence the duty cycle
of the GATE switching waveform. The basic loop uses a For LED protection, the LT3754 CTRL pin allows an LED
pulse from an internal oscillator to set an RS flip-flop and current derating curve to be programmed versus the
turn on the external power MOSFET. Current increases ambient temperature of the LED strings. An NTC resistor
in the MOSFET and inductor until the VC commanded placed close to the LEDs decreases CTRL pin voltage and
peak switch current is exceeded and the MOSFET is then hence decreases LED current as LED ambient temperature
turned off. Inductor current is sensed during the GATE on increases.
period by a sense resistor RS in the source of the external The LT3754 also allows its own junction temperature to
N-channel power MOSFET. As with all current mode be monitored and regulated by derating LED currents
converters, slope compensation is added to the control when a junction temperature programmed by the TSET
path to ensure stability for duty cycles above 50%. Any pin is exceeded.
over current fault condition in the MOSFET turns off the
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LT3754
Applications Information
INTVCC Regulator Bypassing and Operation Inductor
The INTVCC pin is the output of an internal linear regula- A list of inductor manufacturers is given in Table 1. How-
tor driven from VIN and is the supply for the LT3754 gate ever, there are many other manufacturers and inductors
driver. The INTVCC pin should be bypassed with a 10V that can be used. Consult each manufacturer for more
rated 4.7µF low ESR, X7R or X5R ceramic capacitor to detailed information and their entire range of parts. Ferrite
ensure stability and to provide enough charge for the gate cores should be used to obtain the best efficiency. Choose
driver. For high enough VIN levels the INTVCC pin provides an inductor that can handle the necessary peak current
a regulated 7V supply. Make sure INTVCC voltage does without saturating. Also ensure that the inductor has a
not exceed the VGS rating of the external MOSFET driven low DCR (copper-wire resistance) to minimize I2R power
by the GATE pin. For low VIN levels the INTVCC level will losses. Values between 2.2µH and 33µH will suffice for
depend on VIN and the voltage drop of the regulator. The most applications. The typical inductor value required for
INTVCC regulator has an undervoltage lockout which a given application (assuming 50% inductor ripple current
prevents gate driver switching until INTVCC reaches 3.8V for example) can be calculated as:
and maintains switching until INTVCC falls below 3.4V.
This feature prevents excessive power dissipation in the 1 1
external MOSFET by ensuring a minimum gate drive level 1− • •V
VOUT fOSC IN
to keep RDS(ON) low. The INTVCC regulator has a current VIN
limit of 44mA to limit power dissipation inside the I.C. L=
V
This current limit should be considered when choosing the 0.5 • OUT •ILEDx •16
VIN
N‑channel power MOSFET and the switching frequency.
The average current load on the INTVCC pin due to the where:
LT3754 gate driver can be calculated as: VOUT = (N • VF) + 1V
IINTVCC = Qg • fOSC (N = number of LEDs per string),
where Qg is the gate charge (at VGS = INTVCC) specified VF = LED forward voltage drop,
for the MOSFET and fOSC is the switching frequency of the
ILEDx = LED current per string
LT3754 boost converter. It is possible to drive the INTVCC
pin from a variety of external sources in order to remove Example: For a 12W LED driver application requiring 16
power dissipation from the LT3754 and/or to remove the strings of 10 LEDs each driven with 20mA, and choosing
INTVCC current limitation of 44mA. An external supply for VIN = 12V, VOUT = (3.75V • 10) + 1V = 38.5V, ILEDx = 20mA
INTVCC should never exceed the VIN pin voltage or the and fOSC = 1MHz the value for L is calculated as
maximum INTVCC pin rating of 13V. If INTVCC is shorted 1 1
to the VIN pin, VIN operational range is 4.5V to 13V. (1− )•• 12V
3.2 10 6
L= = 16.5µH
0.5 • 3.2 • 20mA • 16
3754fc
11
LT3754
Applications Information
Table 1. Inductor Manufacturers Schottky Rectifier
Manufacturer PHONE NUMBER WEB The external diode for the LT3754 boost converter must
Sumida 408-321-9660 www.sumida.com be a Schottky diode, with low forward voltage drop
Würth Elektronik 605-886-4385 www.we-online.com and fast switching speed. Table 3 lists several Schottky
Vishay 402-563-6866 www.vishay.com manufacturers. The diodes average current rating must
Coilcraft 847-639-6400 www.coilcraft.com exceed the application’s average output current. The
Coiltronics 561-998-4100 www.cooperet.com diode’s maximum reverse voltage must exceed the
maximum output voltage of the application. For PWM
Input Capacitor dimming applications be aware of the reverse leakage of
the Schottky diode. Lower leakage current will drain the
The input capacitor of the LT3754 boost converter will sup-
output capacitor less during PWM low periods, allowing
ply the transient input current of the power inductor. Values
for higher PWM dimming ratios. The companies below
between 2.2µF and 10µF will work well for the LT3754. Use
offer Schottky diodes with high voltage and current ratings.
only X5R or X7R ceramic capacitors to minimize variation
over voltage and temperature. If inductor input voltage is Table 3. Schottky Rectifier Manufacturers
required to operate near the minimum allowed operational Manufacturer PHONE NUMBER WEB
VIN for the I.C., a larger capacitor value may be required. Diodes, Inc. 805-446-4800 www.microsemi.com
This is to prevent excessive input voltage ripple causing On Semiconductor 888-743-7826 www.onsemi.com
dips below the minimum operating input voltage. Zetex 631-360-2222 www.zetex.com
Vishay Siliconix 402-563-6866 www.vishay.com
Output Capacitor
Low ESR ceramic capacitors should be used at the LT3754 Power MOSFET Selection
converter output to minimize output ripple voltage. Use Several MOSFET vendors are listed in Table 4. Consult the
only X5R or X7R dielectrics as these materials retain their factory applications department for other recommended
capacitance over wider voltage and temperature ranges MOSFETs. The power MOSFET selected should have a
than other dielectrics. The output capacitance requirements VDS rating which exceeds the maximum Overvoltage
for several LED driver application circuits are shown in Protection (OVP) level programmed for the application.
the Applications Information section for various ILED, (See “Programming OVP level” in the Applications
VIN, VOUT, L and fOSC values. Some suggested capacitor Information section). The MOSFET should also have a
manufacturers are listed in Table 2. low enough total gate charge Qg (at 7V VGS) and a low
Table 2. Ceramic Capacitor Manufacturers enough switching frequency (fOSC) to not exceed the
Manufacturer PHONE NUMBER WEB INTVCC regulator current limit, where loading on INTVCC
TDK 516-535-2600 www.tdk.com pin due to gate switching should obey,
Kemet 408-986-0424 www.kemet.com IGATE = Qg • fOSC ≤ 44mA
Murata 814-237-1431 www.murata.com
Taiyo Yuden 408-573-4150 t-yuden.com
AVX 843-448-9411 www.avxcorp.com
3754fc
12
LT3754
Applications Information
In addition, the current drive required for GATE switching 52mV • 0.7
should also be kept low in the case of high VIN voltages RS ≤
IL(PEAK)
(see “Thermal Considerations” in the Applications Informa-
tion section). The RDS(ON) of the MOSFET will determine where
d.c. power losses but will usually be less significant 1 0.5
compared to switching losses. Be aware of the power IL(PEAK) = • 16 • ILEDx • 1+
1− D 2
dissipation within the MOSFET by calculating d.c. and
switching losses and deciding if the thermal resistance VIN(MIN)
of the MOSFET package causes the junction temperature D = MOSFET duty cycle = 1–
VOUT(MAX)
to exceed maximum ratings.
Table 4. MOSFET Manufacturers (
VOUT(MAX) = N • VF(MAX) + 1V )
Manufacturer PHONE NUMBER WEB N = number of LEDs in each string,
Vishay Siliconix 402-563-6866 www.vishay.com VF(MAX) = max imum LED forward voltage drop,
International Rectifier 310-252-7105 www.irf.com
VIN(MIN) = minimum input voltage to the inductor,
Fairchild 972-910-8000 www.fairchildsemi.com
Power MOSFET: Current Sense Resistor and the 0.5 term represents an inductor peak-to-peak ripple
current of 50% of average inductor current.
The LT3754 current mode boost converter controls peak
current in the inductor by controlling peak MOSFET current The scale factor of • 0.7 ensures the boost converter
in each switching cycle. The LT3754 monitors current in the can meet the peak inductor requirements of the loop by
external N-channel power MOSFET by sensing the voltage accounting for the combined errors of the 52mV sense
across a sense resistor (RS) connected between the source threshold, ILEDx, RS and circuit efficiency.
of the FET and the power ground in the application. The Example: For a 12W LED driver application requiring 16
length of these tracks should be minimized and a Kelvin strings of 10 LEDs each driven with 20mA, and choosing
sense should be taken from the top of RS to the sense VIN(MIN) = 8V, VOUT(MAX) = (4V • 10)+1V = 41V and ILEDx
pin. A 52mV sense pin threshold combined with the value = 20mA, the value for RS is chosen as:
of RS sets the maximum cycle-by-cycle peak MOSFET
current. The low 52mV threshold improves efficiency and 52mV • 0.7 52mV • 0.7
RS ≤ ≤
determines the value for RS given by: IL(PEAK) 41
• 16 • 0.02 • ( 1+ 0.25 )
8
52mV • 0.7
≤ ≤ 17.7 mΩ
2.05
3754fc
13
LT3754
Applications Information
The power rating of RS should be selected to exceed Soft-Start
the I2R losses in the resistor. The peak inductor current
To limit inductor inrush current and output voltage during
should be recalculated for the chosen RS value to ensure
start-up or recovery from a fault condition, the LT3754 pro-
the chosen inductor will not saturate.
vides a soft-start function. The LT3754 when entering these
Power MOSFET: Overcurrent and Hiccup Mode faults will discharge an internal soft-start node and prevent
switching at the GATE pin for any of the following faults: VIN,
For severe external faults which may cause the external SHDN/UVLO or INTVCC voltages too low or MOSFET current
MOSFET to reach currents greater than the peak current too high (see the timing diagram in Figure 2). When exiting
defined by RS and the 52mV sense pin threshold described these faults the LT3754 ramps up an internal soft-start
above, the LT3754 has an overcurrent comparator which node at approximately 0.5V/ms to control VC pin voltage
triggers soft start and turns off the MOSFET driver for rise and hence control MOSFET switch current rise. In ad-
currents exceeding, dition the soft start period gradually ramps up switching
100mV frequency from approximately 33% to 100% of full scale.
ID(OVERCURRENT ) =
RS The conditions required to exit all faults and allow a soft-
start ramp of the VC pin are listed in Figure 2. An added
In this fault mode the LT3754 only allows MOSFET turn
feature of the LT3754 is that it waits for the first PWM pin
on for approximately 100ns every 2ms. This hiccup mode
active high (minimum 200ns pulse width) before it allows
significantly reduces the power rating required for the
the soft-start of VC pin to begin. This feature ensures that
MOSFET.
GATE
VC
VC MIN 0.5V/ms
CLAMP
0.4V + VBE (VC SWITCHING
THRESHOLD)
0.1V + VBE
SS
(INTERNAL)
0.5V/ms
0.4V
0.1V
Figure 2. LT3754 Fault Detection and Soft Start Timing for VC Pin and Internal SS Node
3754fc
14
LT3754
Applications Information
during start-up of the LT3754 the soft-start ramp has not pin. After part turn on, 0µA flows from the SHDN/UVLO
timed out before PWM is asserted high. Without this ‘wait pin. Calculation of the turn on/off thresholds for a system
for PWM high’ feature, systems which apply PWM after VIN input supply using the LT3754 SHDN/UVLO pin can be
and SHDN/UVLO are valid, can potentially turn on without made as follows :
soft-start and experience high inductor currents during
R1
wake up of the converter’s output voltage. It is important VSUPPLY OFF = 1.476 1+
to note that when PWM subsequently goes low, the soft- R2
start ramp is not held at its present voltage but continues VSUPPLY ON = VSUPPLY OFF + ( 2.4µA • R1)
to ramp upwards. If the soft-start ramp voltage was held
every time PWM goes low, this would cause very slow An open drain transistor can be added to the resistor
start-up of LED displays for applications using very high divider network at the SHDN/UVLO pin to independently
PWM Dimming ratios. control the turn off of the LT3754.
VSUPPLY 900
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz)
800
R1 700
13 SHDN/UVLO
– 600
600k 500
R2 1.476V + 400
OFF ON
300
200
100
0 100 200 300 400 500 600
RT (kΩ)
3754 F03 3754 F04
3754fc
15
LT3754
Applications Information
Selecting the optimum frequency depends on several Table 6. LED Current vs RISET (1% Resistors)
factors. Higher frequency allows reduction of inductor LED CURRENT PER CHANNEL (mA) RISET (kΩ)
size but efficiency drops due to higher switching losses. 10 29.4
Lower frequency allows higher operational duty cycles to 20 14.7
drive a larger number of LEDs per string from a low input
30 9.76
supply but require larger magnetics. In each application
40 7.32
the switching frequency can be tailored to provide the
50 5.76
optimum solution.
Table 5. Switching Frequency vs RT (1% Resistors)
An extra 50ns should be added to these tested timings to
SWITCHING FREQUENCY (kHz) RT (kΩ)
account for errors in the rise/fall times of the GATE and
DRAIN of the external MOSFET and the d.c. resistance of
100 523
the external MOSFET and inductor.
200 249
300 158 Synchronizing to an external clock
400 115
The SYNC pin allows the LT3754 oscillator to be synchro-
500 90.9
nized to an external clock. The SYNC pin can be driven
600 73.2
from a logic level output, requiring less than 0.6V for a
700 60.4
logic level low and greater than 2.2V for a logic level high.
800 51.1
SYNC pin high or low periods should exists for at least
900 44.2 100ns. If unused, the SYNC pin should be tied to ground.
1000 39.2 To avoid loss of slope compensation during synchroniza-
tion, the free running oscillator frequency (fOSC) of the
Duty Cycle Considerations LT3754 should be programmed to 80% of the external
When designing the LT3754 LED driver for a given clock frequency.
application, the duty cycle requirements should be
considered and compared to the minimum/maximum Programming LED Current
achievable duty cycles for the LT3754 GATE pin. If required, The current source to ground at each LED pin is programmed
the LT3754 switching frequency can be programmed to a using a single resistor RISET connected from the ISET pin
lower value to meet the duty cycle requirements. In general, to ground according to the following equation:
the minimum/maximum GATE duty cycles required for a
295
particular application are given by: I(LEDX ) ≈ ( A ) (CTRL > 1.1V )
RISET
MIN Duty Cycle = GATE Minimum On-Time • Switching
Frequency fOSC See Table 6 for resistor values and corresponding pro-
grammed LED.
MAX Duty Cycle = 1 – (GATE Minimum Off-Time •
Switching Frequency fOSC)
The typical values for LT3754 GATE pin minimum on- and
off-times versus temperature are shown in the Typical
Performance Characteristics. The range of GATE pin
minimum on-time and off-times are given in the electrical
specifications.
3754fc
16
LT3754
Applications Information
Analog Dimming TPWM
(= 1/fPWM)
TON(PWM)
The LT3754 allows for LED dimming (brightness reduction) PWM
by analog dimming or by PWM dimming. Analog dimming
uses the CTRL pin voltage below 1V to reduce LED
brightness by reducing LED current. For CTRL pin voltage INDUCTOR
below 1V, the current in each LED pin is given by: CURRENT
295
I(LEDX ) ≈ CTRL • (0.04 < CTRL < 1V ) LED MAX ILED
RISET CURRENT
3754 F05
For CTRL pin voltages below 40mV (greater than 25:1 Figure 5. PWM Dimming Waveforms
dimming) the LED current will approach zero current. The
CTRL pin voltage can be derived from a resistor divider
from VREF pin to ground or generated from an external 2. Lower PWM frequency (fPWM) allows higher PWM
source. If analog dimming is not required, the pin can be dimming ratios (typically choose 100Hz to maximize
directly connected to the VREF pin. The only drawback of PDR and to avoid visible flicker which can occur for
analog dimming is that reducing LED current to reduce display systems with refresh rates at frequencies below
the brightness of the LED also changes the perceived 80Hz)
color of the LED.
3. Higher fOSC value improves PDR (allows lower TON(PWM))
PWM Dimming but will reduce efficiency and increase internal heating.
In general, minimum operational TON(PWM) = 3 • (1/fOSC)
Many applications require an accurate control of the bright-
ness of the LED(s). In addition, being able to maintain a 4. Lower inductor value improves PDR
constant color over the entire dimming range can be just 5. Higher output capacitor value improves PDR
as critical. For constant color LED dimming the LT3754
6. Choose the Schottky diode for the LT3754 boost conver-
provides a PWM pin and special internal circuitry to achieve
ter for minimum reverse leakage current.
up to a 3000:1 wide PWM dimming range. This is achieved
by operating the LED at it’s programmed current and then 7. Start-Up
controlling the on-time of that LED current. The duty cycle LT3754 VOUT start-up requires SHDN/UVLO and PWM
of the PWM pin controls the on-time of each LED pin pins to be asserted from off to on and the PWM on-time
current source (Figure 5). For maximum PWM dimming to be above a minimum value. The lowest PWM on-time
ratios (low PWM duty cycles) it is important to be able to allowed for fault detection is ≈3.2µs. The lowest PWM
turn LED currents on/off as quickly as possible. For PWM on-time allowed for reaching VOUT regulation is typically
low, the LT3754 turns off the boost converter, turns off 3.2µs but might be greater depending on external circuit
all LED channel currents and disconnects the VC pin and parameters. Once LED current is in regulation, PWM
internal VOUT resistor divider connected to the OVP error on-time can be further reduced depending on external
amplifier. This allows the part to quickly return to the last component selection.
state of operation when the PWM pin is returned high.
8. VOUT Collapse
Some general guidelines for LED current dimming using
the PWM pin (see Figure 5): If during normal operation VOUT collapses due to a
fault or because PWM on-time is too low, a restart is
1. PWM Dimming Ratio (PDR) = 1/(PWM Duty Cycle) = required (see ‘Start-Up’ in item 7).
1/TON(PWM) • fPWM
3754fc
17
LT3754
Applications Information
Programming LED Current Derating (Breakpoint and with different temperature coefficients can be used to
Slope) versus LED Ambient Temperature (CTRL Pin) achieve the desired CTRL pin voltage behavior versus
temperature. The current derating curve in Figure 6 uses
LED data sheets provide curves of maximum allowed
the resistor network shown in option C of Figure 7.
LED current versus ambient temperature to warn against
damaging of the LED (Figure 6). The LT3754 LED driver Table 7 shows a list of NTC resistor manufacturers/ distribu-
improves the utilization and reliability of the LED(s) by al- tors. There are several other manufacturers available and
lowing the programming of an LED current derating curve the chosen supplier should be contacted for more detailed
versus the ambient temperature of the LED(s). Without the information. To use an NTC resistor to monitor the ambient
ability to back off LED currents as temperature increases, temperature of the LED(s) it should be placed as close as
many LED drivers are limited to driving the LED(s) at 50% possible to the LED(s). Since the temperature dependency
or less of their maximum rated currents. This limitation of an NTC resistor can be non-linear over a wide range of
requires more LEDs to obtain the intended brightness temperatures it is important to obtain a resistor’s exact
for the application. The LT3754 allows the LED(s) to be values over temperature from the manufacturer. Hand
programmed for maximum allowable current while still calculations of CTRL voltage can then be performed at
protecting the LED(s) from excessive currents at high tem- each given temperature and the resulting CTRL voltage
perature. The temperature breakpoint and the slope of LED plotted versus temperature.
current versus ambient temperature can be programmed
Table 7. NTC Resistor Manufacturers
using a simple resistor network shown in Figure 7.
Manufacturer WEB
This is achieved by programming a voltage at the CTRL Murata Electronics North America www.murata.com
pin with a negative temperature coefficient using a resistor TDK Corporation www.tdk.com
divider with temperature dependent resistance (Figures 7 Digi-key www.digikey.com
and 8). A variety of resistor networks and NTC resistors
90 31
8 LED STRINGS (2 × 40mA PER STRING) VREF
80 R1 LT3754
RESISTOR 29
IF - FORWARD CURRENT (mA)
70 CTRL
OPTION A
60
50
R2 OPTION A TO D
40 LT3754
PROGRAMMED LED
30 CURRENT DERATING
CURVE RY RY
20
10
RNTC RNTC RX RNTC RNTC RX
0
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
TA-TEMPERATURE (°C) A B C D
3754 F06
3754 F07
Figure 6. LED Current Derating vs LED Ambient Temperature Figure 7. Programming LED Current Derating Curve
vs Ambient Temperature (RNTC Located on LED PCB)
3754fc
18
LT3754
Applications Information
1.50 Using the TSET Pin for Thermal Protection
1.25
The LT3754 contains a special programmable thermal
regulation loop that limits the internal junction temperature
CTRL VOLTAGE (V)
1.00
of the part. Since the LT3754 topology consists of a single
RESISTOR boost controller with sixteen linear current sources, any LED
OPTION A
0.75 string voltage mismatch will cause additional power to be
dissipated in the package. This topology provides excellent
0.50 current matching between LED strings and allows a single
power stage to drive a large number of LEDs, but at the
0.25
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80
price of additional power dissipation inside the part (which
TA - AMBIENT TEMPERATURE (°C) means a higher junction temperature). Being able to limit
the maximum junction temperature allows the benefits of
3754 F08
Figure 8. Programmed CTRL Voltage vs Temperature this topology to be fully realized. This thermal regulation
feature provides important protection at high ambient tem-
If calculation of CTRL voltage at various temperatures gives peratures, and allows a given application to be optimized
a downward slope that is too strong, alternative resistor for typical, not worst-case, ambient temperatures with
networks can be chosen (B,C,D in Figure 7) which use the assurance that the LT3754 will automatically protect
temperature independent resistance to reduce the effects itself and the LED strings under worst-case conditions.
of the NTC resistor over temperature. Murata Electronics
The operation of the thermal loop is simple. As the ambi-
provides a selection of NTC resistors with complete data
ent temperature increases, so does the internal junction
over a wide range of temperatures. In addition, a software
temperature of the part. Once the programmed maximum
tool is available which allows the user to select from
junction temperature is reached, the LT3754 begins to
different resistor networks and NTC resistor values and
linearly reduce the LED current, as needed, to try and
then simulate the exact output voltage curve (CTRL pin
maintain this temperature. This can only be achieved
behavior) over temperature. Referred to on the website as
when the ambient temperature stays below the desired
the ‘Murata Chip NTC Thermistor Output Voltage Simula-
maximum junction temperature. If the ambient tempera-
tor’, users can log onto www.murata.com/designlib and
ture continues to rise past the programmed maximum
download the software followed by instructions for creating
junction temperature, the LEDs current will be reduced
an output voltage ‘VOUT’ (LT3754 CTRL pin voltage) from
to approximately 5% of the full LED current.
a specified VCC supply (LT3754 VREF pin voltage). At any
time during selection of circuit parameters the user can While this feature is intended to directly protect the LT3754,
access data on the chosen NTC resistor by clicking on it can also be used to derate the LED current at high tem-
the link to the Murata catalog. For a detailed example of peratures. Since there is a direct relationship between the
hand calculations using an NTC type resistor divider to LED temperature and LT3754 junction temperature, the
program CTRL pin voltage, read the LT3478 LED driver TSET function also provides some LED current derating
data sheet section Programming LED Current Derating vs at high temperatures.
Temperature under Applications Information.
3754fc
19
LT3754
Applications Information
Two external resistors program the maximum IC junction Programming Overvoltage Protection (OVP) level
temperature using a resistor divider from the VREF pin, The LT3754 LED driver provides optimum protection to
as shown in Figure 9. Choose the ratio of R1 and R2 for the LEDs and the external MOSFET by providing a pro-
the desired junction temperature. Figure 10 shows the grammable maximum regulated output voltage limit using
relationship of TSET voltage to junction temperature, and
the OVPSET pin. The Overvoltage Protection (OVP) level
Table 8 shows commonly used values for R1 and R2. is programmed as:
31 OVP(maximum regulated VOUT) = 57 • OVPSET
VREF
R2 LT3754
If every LED string fails open or the multiple string LED
30 display becomes disconnected the LT3754 LED driver loop
TSET
R1
regulates to the programmed OVP level. The OVP level
should be programmed to a level high enough to regulate
3754 F09
the LED strings but low enough to prevent damage to the
Figure 9. Programming the TSET Pin power switch and to minimize the voltage across the LED
pins upon reconnection of the LED strings. Recommended
950
OVP level is given by:
900 OVP(RECOMMENDED) = 1.2 • ((N • VF) + 1V)
850
where:
VTSET THRESHOLD (mV)
800
3754fc
20
LT3754
Applications Information
LED Open Circuit and PWM Dimming Ratios VIN range, LED current range (if analog dimming) and
temperature range. Be aware that if the VC pin components
The LT3754 monitors each LED pin voltage to determine if
represent the dominant pole for the converter loop and
the LED string has an open fault (LED pin voltage < 0.5V).
they have been adjusted to achieve stability, the VC pin
If an open LED fault occurs, the FAULT flag is pulled low.
might move more slowly during load transient conditions
To avoid false detection of faults during the initial converter
such as an all-LEDs-open fault. A slower moving VC pin
start-up when VOUT is low, the LT3754 ignores low LED
will add to VOUT overshoot during an all-LEDs-open fault.
pin voltages until VOUT reaches 90% of its maximum al-
An alternative compensation approach is to place the
lowed OVP level. Once this condition is met, the LT3754
dominant pole of the converter loop at the output. This
monitors all LED pins for open LED faults. To avoid false
requires an increased output capacitor value but will allow
detection of faults during PWM dimming edges (where
a much reduced Vc capacitor. The combination will allow
LED pins can possibly ring and trip fault detection levels)
VC to move more quickly and VOUT to move more slowly
the LT3754 only monitors/updates fault conditions during
resulting in less overshoot during an all-LEDs-open fault.
PWM high (and only after a blank duration of 2µs following
each PWM rising edge). Thermal Considerations
LED Short Circuit The internal power dissipation of the LT3754 comes from 3
main sources: VIN quiescent current (IQ total), VIN current
A short circuit fault between the positive terminal of an LED
for GATE switching (IGATE) and the LT3754 LED current
string (VOUT) and the negative terminal of the LED string
sources. Since the maximum operational VIN voltage is
(LEDx pin) causes the channel to be disabled in order to
40V, care should be taken when selecting the switching
protect the internal current source. A resistive short is
frequency and type of external power MOSFET since the
allowed as long as (VOUT -VLEDx) < 6V. During the short,
however, cable inductance can cause the LED pin voltage current required from VIN for GATE switching is given by,
to overshoot past VOUT voltage. To avoid LED pin voltage IGATE = fOSC • Qg
exceeding its absolute maximum rated voltage, a diode where Qg is the gate charge (at VGS = INTVCC) specified
may be required to clamp the LED pin. The anode of a for the MOSFET and fOSC is the programmed switching
1N4148WS diode should be connected to the LED pin and frequency for the LT3754. A low Qg MOSFET should al-
the cathode of the diode connected to the VOUT pin. Keep ways be used when operating the LT3754 from high VIN
the traces as short as possible. A Schottky diode should voltages. The internal junction temperature of the LT3754
not be used due to high reverse bias leakage currents. can be estimated as:
Loop Compensation TJ = TA + [VIN • (IQTOTAL + (fOSC • Qg)) + (16 • I(LEDX) • 1.1V)]
• θJA
Be sure to check the stability of the loop with the LEDs
connected (LED regulation loop) and disconnected where, TA is the ambient temperature for the LT3754
(Overvoltage Protection (OVP) regulation loop). Various IQTOTAL represents the VIN quiescent current for the LT3754
application circuits are shown in the data sheet which (not switching, PWM = 1.5V and CTRL = 0.1V) - illustrated
cover a range of VIN, VOUT, fOSC, output power and inductor in the Typical Characteristics Graphs – plus the base cur-
current ripple values. For application requirements which rents of active channels (typically 16 • I(LED)/75). θJA is
deviate from the circuits shown in the data sheet be sure the thermal resistance of the package (34°C/W for the
to check the stability of the final application over the full 5mm × 5mm QFN package).
3754fc
21
LT3754
Applications Information
Example : For a 12W LED driver application requiring 16 continuous copper ground plane underneath the device to
strings of 10 LEDs each driven with 20mA, VIN = 24V, fOSC reduce die temperature and maximize the power capability
= 1MHz, Qg (at 7V VGS) = 15nC, I(LEDX) = 20mA, and an of the IC. An analog ground is down bonded to the exposed
85°C ambient temperature for the LT3754 IC, the LT3754 pad near the RT and VC pins. ISET, RT and VC components
junction temperature can be approximated as: should be connected to an area of ground copper near
these pins. The OVPSET track should be kept away from fast
TJ = 85°C + [24 • (9.5mA + (16 • 20mA/75) + (1MHz
moving signals and not loaded with an external capacitor.
• 15nC)) + (16 •20mA • 1.1V)] • 34
GATE pin turn off currents escape through a downbond to
= 85°C + [(24 • 28.8mA) + (320mA • 1.1V)] • 34 the exposed pad near the GATE pin. This area of copper
= 85°C + (0.691W + 0.35W) • 34 should be the power ground (PGND) connection for the
inductor input capacitor, INTVCC capacitor and output
= 85°C + 35°C capacitor. A separate bypass capacitor for the VIN pin of
TJ = 120°C the IC may be required close the VIN pin and connected
to the copper area associated with analog ground. To
The exposed pad on the bottom of the package must be minimize MOSFET peak current sensing errors the sense
soldered to the ground plane. The ground plane should resistor (RS) should have Kelvin connections to the SENSE
be connected to an internal copper ground plane with vias pin and the power ground copper area near the pin. The
placed directly under the package to spread out the heat MOSFET drain rise and fall times are designed to be as
generated by the LT3754. short as possible for maximum efficiency. To reduce the
effects of both radiated and conducted noise, the area of
Circuit Layout Considerations the copper trace for the MOSFET drain should be kept as
As with all switching regulators, careful attention must be small as possible. Use a ground plane under the switching
given to PCB layout and component placement to achieve regulator to minimize interplane coupling. The Schottky
optimal thermal, electrical and noise performance. The diode and output capacitor should be placed as close as
exposed pad of the LT3754 is the only ground connec- possible to the drain node to minimize this high switching
tion for the IC. The exposed pad should be soldered to a frequency path.
3754fc
22
92% Efficient, 36W LED Driver, 1MHz Boost, 16 Strings, 50mA per String
PVIN
24V 4.7µF
50V
L1
10µH D1 UP TO 45V OF LEDs PER STRING
VIN
10V 4.7µF
25V
VIN
2.2µF
INTVCC 100V
4.7µF GATE M1
×5
10V
SENSE
VIN • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
0.015Ω • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
499k 100k LT3754
Typical Applications
FAULT
VOUT
SHDN/UVLO
40.2k
GND
LED1
SYNC LED2
LED3
LED4
PWM LED5
PWM DIMMING LED6
LED7
ANALOG DIMMING CTRL LED8
LED9
VREF LED10
LED11
20k LED12
TSET LED13
LED14
30.9k 11k LED15
LED16
OVPSET RT ISET VC 3754 TA03
I(LEDx)
L1: SUMIDA CDRH8D38
M1: VISHAY SILICONIX Si7850DP 20mA/DIV
D1: DIODES, INC. PDS360
I(L)
1A/DIV
PWM
10V/DIV
3754 G04
5µs/DIV
23
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LT3754
24
LT3754
×4
10V
SENSE
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
0.02Ω • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
1M 1M 100k LT3754
FAULT
VOUT
SHDN/UVLO
232k
CTRL
2.2nF
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LT3754
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
31W LED Driver, 400kHz Boost, 3 Strings, 250mA per String
L1
10µH D1
UP TO 42V OF LEDs PER STRING
VIN
8V TO 36V 4.7µF 2.2µF
50V 100V
×10
VIN
INTVCC
GATE M1
4.7µF
10V
SENSE
• • •
0.007Ω • • •
• • •
100k LT3754
1M
FAULT
VOUT
SHDN/UVLO
232k LED16
GND
LED1
SYNC LED2
LED3
LED4
PWM LED5
PWM DIMMING
LED6
LED7
ANALOG DIMMING CTRL LED8
LED9
VREF LED10
20k LED11
LED12
TSET LED13
LED14
15k LED15
OVPSET RT ISET VC 3754 TA06
4.7nF
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25
LT3754
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
14W LED Driver, 700kHz Boost, 4 Strings, 80mA per String
L1
15µH D1 UP TO 45V OF LEDs PER STRING
12VIN
10V TO 14V
4.7µF 2.2µF
25V 100V
×5
VIN
INTVCC
4.7µF GATE M1
10V
SENSE
VIN • • • •
0.02Ω • • • •
• • • •
1M 100k LT3754
FAULT
VOUT
SHDN/UVLO
GND
LED1
SYNC LED2
LED3
LED4
PWM LED5
PWM DIMMING LED6
LED7
ANALOG DIMMING CTRL LED8
LED9
VREF LED10
LED11
20k LED12
TSET LED13
LED14
11k LED15
OVPSET RT ISET VC LED16
3754 TA06
4.7nF
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26
13W LED Driver, 1MHz SEPIC, 16 Strings, 50mA per String (Survives VOUT Short to GND)
PVIN
10V TO 32V 4.7µF 2.2µF
50V 50V
L1A
15µH ×2 D1 VOUT UP TO 16V OF LEDs PER STRING
VIN
•
8V TO 14V 4.7µF
25V
•
L1B
15µH
VIN
4.7µF
INTVCC 25V
4.7µF GATE M1 ×4
TYPICAL APPLICATIONS
10V
SENSE
VIN
0.015Ω
1M 499k 100k LT3754
FAULT
SHDN/UVLO VOUT
100k
CTRL
27
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LT3754
LT3754
Package Description
Please refer to http://www.linear.com/designtools/packaging/ for the most recent package drawings.
UH Package
32-Lead Plastic QFN (5mm × 5mm)
(Reference LTC DWG # 05-08-1693 Rev D)
0.70 ±0.05
5.50 ±0.05
4.10 ±0.05
3.45 ± 0.05
3.50 REF
(4 SIDES)
3.45 ± 0.05
PACKAGE OUTLINE
0.25 ± 0.05
0.50 BSC
RECOMMENDED SOLDER PAD LAYOUT
APPLY SOLDER MASK TO AREAS THAT ARE NOT SOLDERED BOTTOM VIEW—EXPOSED PAD
PIN 1 NOTCH R = 0.30 TYP
0.75 ± 0.05 R = 0.05 R = 0.115 OR 0.35 × 45° CHAMFER
5.00 ± 0.10
TYP TYP
(4 SIDES) 31 32
0.00 – 0.05
0.40 ± 0.10
PIN 1
TOP MARK
(NOTE 6) 1
2
3.45 ± 0.10
3.50 REF
(4-SIDES)
3.45 ± 0.10
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LT3754
Revision History
REV DATE DESCRIPTION PAGE NUMBER
A 07/10 Updated VREF pin labelling 1, 2, 18, 23, 24, 25, 26
Corrected electrical spec limit (VIN(MAX) = INTVCC abs max) 3
Updated Electrical Characteristics conditions 3, 4, 5
Updated Typical Performance Characteristics (label) 7
Updated Pin Functions 8
Updated Operations text 10
Updated equation 13
Corrected text errors 14, 15, 20
Updated PWM Dimming Guidelines (added items 7, 8) 17
Updated Figure 6 18
Updated LED Short Circuit text 21
Updated Typical Applications (output capacitor formatting) 23, 24, 25
Added new Typical Application (SEPIC) 27
Updated Related Parts 30
B 01/11 Revised FAULT pin description in Pin Functions section 8
C 10/11 Updated Features section. 1
Updated “Programming LED Current Derating (Breakpoint and Slope) versus LED Ambient 18
Temperature (CTRL Pin)” section.
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29
Information furnished by Linear Technology Corporation is believed to be accurate and reliable.
However, no responsibility is assumed for its use. Linear Technology Corporation makes no representa-
tion that the interconnection of its circuits as described herein will not infringe on existing patent rights.
LT3754
Related Parts
PART NUMBER DESCRIPTION COMMENTS
LT3755/LT3755-1 High Side 40V, 1MHz LED Controller with VIN(MIN) = 4.5V, VIN(MAX) = 40V, VOUT(MAX) = 60V, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
True Color 3,000:1 PWM Dimming ISD = <1µA, 3mm × 3mm QFN-16 MSOP-16E
LT3756/LT3756-1 High Side 100V, 1MHz LED Controller VIN(MIN) = 6.0V, VIN(MAX) = 100V, VOUT(MAX) = 100V, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
with True Color 3,000:1 PWM Dimming ISD = <1µA, 3mm × 3mm QFN-16 MSOP-16E
LT3598 44V, 1.5A, 2.5MHz Boost 6-Channel VIN(MIN) = 3V, VIN(MAX) = 30V(40VMAX), VOUT(MAX) = 44V, 1,000:1 True Color PWM
20mA LED Driver Dimming, ISD = <1µA, 4mm × 4mm QFN-24
LT3599 44V, 2A, 2MHz Boost 4-Channel 120mA VIN(MIN) = 3V, VIN(MAX) = 30V(40VMAX), VOUT(MAX) = 44V, 1,000:1 True Color PWM
LED Driver Dimming, ISD = <1µA, 4mm × 4mm QFN-24
LT3595 45V, 2.5MHz 16-Channel Full Featured VIN(MIN) = 4.5V, VIN(MAX) = 45V, VOUT(MAX) = 45V, 5,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
LED Driver ISD = <1µA, 5mm × 9mm QFN-56
LTC3783 High Side 36V, 1MHz LED Controller with VIN(MIN) = 3.0V, VIN(MAX) = 36V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
True Color 3,000:1 PWM Dimming ISD = <20µA, 4mm × 5mm DFN-16 TSSOP-16E
LT3517 1.3A, 2.5MHz High Current LED Driver VIN(MIN) = 3.0V, VIN(MAX) = 30V, VOUT(MAX) = 45, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
with 3,000:1 Dimming ISD = <1µA, 4mm × 4mm QFN-16
LT3518 2.3A, 2.5MHz High Current LED Driver VIN(MIN) = 3.0V, VIN(MAX) = 30V, VOUT(MAX) = 45, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
with 3,000:1 Dimming ISD = <1µA, 4mm × 4mm QFN-16
LT3486 Dual 1.3A, 2MHz High Current LED Driver VIN(MIN) = 2.5V, VIN(MAX) = 24V, VOUT(MAX) = 36V, 1,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
ISD = <1µA, 5mm × 3mm DFN, TSSOP-16E
LT3478/LT3478-1 4.5A, 2MHz High Current LED Driver with VIN(MIN) = 2.8V, VIN(MAX) = 36V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, 1,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
3,000:1 Dimming ISD = <10µA, 5mm × 7mm QFN-10
LT3496 Triple Output 750mA, 2.1 MHz High VIN(MIN) = 3.0V, VIN(MAX) = 30V, VOUT(MAX) = 40V, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
Current LED Driver with 3,000:1 Dimming ISD = <1µA, 4mm × 5mm QFN-28
LT3474/LT3474-1 36V, 1A (ILED), 2MHz, Step-Down VIN(MIN) = 4.0V, VIN(MAX) = 36V, VOUT(MAX) = 13.5V, 400:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
LED Driver ISD = <1µA, TSSOP16E
LT3475/LT3475-1 Dual 1.5A(ILED), 36V, 2MHz, Step-Down VIN(MIN) = 4.0V, VIN(MAX) = 36V, VOUT(MAX) = 13.5V, 3,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
LED Driver ISD = <1µA, TSSOP20E
LT3476 Quad Output 1.5A, 2MHz High Current VIN(MIN) = 2.8V, VIN(MAX) = 16V, VOUT(MAX) = 36V, 1,000:1 True Color PWM Dimming,
LED Driver with 1,000:1 Dimming ISD = <10µA, 5mm × 7mm QFN-10
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