Arslan Yaris (MMC)

(SOCA - MC02191003)
Research Methodology
Finals Assignment
To: Ma'am Arooj Arshad
 Social Media and Youth in Pakistan: the Mental
Tendencies

1. ABSTRACT

The gradual but constant advancement and the popularity of social

networking sites among youngsters have been giving a mixture of
good and bad twinges. Positive usage is being encouraged; on the
other hand, negative usage neither encouraged not restricted. The
youth of Pakistan has many tendencies in social media's usage. This
study is motivated to point out different usages and its repercussions
among Youngsters. The future of any nation is related to the youth,
and this is an important thing to highlight the current situation of our
young people on social media. The purpose of this study is to highlight
the current scenario of the youth of Pakistan, and to review previous
available literature, relating impacts of social media on youngsters and
teenagers in other countries. The findings of this study covered
multiple usages of Youngsters according to their knowledge and
background experiences. The study highlights the psychological and
physiological effects of misuse and overuse of social media among
youngsters, which needs to be got over wisely and steadily.

2. INTRODUCTION:
Social media comprise a set of web-based software
applications i.e. Facebook, Twitter, Google, WhatsApp, LinkedIn, Instagram,
Snapchat or YouTube etc. More specifically that websites that link people to
share information and aware people about any event through social
networking. Social media is a concept based on a platform for the people
around the world to discuss their issues and opinions and exchange
information. Social networking sites are basically those tools that allows the
people to exchange information, ideas, images, videos and much more
through a specific network. Social media refers to web based service that
allows individuals for sharing, collaborating and taking insight to each other
without any geographic barriers and with the help of new media tool of
internet (Elliot 2012)
From the beginning of the 21st century, social media is in progress. People
belonging to different age and groups have been using social media. Social
media plays a vital role in life. Information Technology changed the living
standards. These tools provide several ways of interaction and different
opportunities to learn foreign languages and acquire knowledge through
worldwide. The world has become a global village due to social media.In
recent times, modern technologies has influenced almost all aspects of our
everyday lives and altered our lifestyles. These technologies may be at
variance in terms of their influences and some may have greater impacts than
others (Rajani & Chandio, 2004). Users can connect with other people within
seconds and share their ideas and give comments as opinion leaders. People
of different culture can also talk on any issue. Social media links the people to
their culture by showing different documentaries.
People also use social media to get information about other countries. Social
media influence adolescent’s life, it has both positive and negative impacts.
Students use social media for learning purpose, for entertainment, and for
innovation. Students made and join different groups on Facebook to interact
with people and discuss different topics. Social media provide opportunities to
seek for a job. Some companies have online system for recruitment and
selection. Some companies create their group or page to inform their
employees about their company’s situation. Mostly companies use it for
advertisement.
In the modern era internet has grown to be one of the most powerful sources
to connect people. With the advancement of internet Social Networking Sites
are increasingly becoming popular and have become the most up-to-date and
attractive tools for connecting people across the world. These sites have
created transnational, international and national spaces where strangers meet
and tie in social relations. These social media sites have made it possible to
easily connect with the world and these applications have attracted millions of
users, plenty of whom have integrated these in to their every day practices.
The social network sites have thus changed the way people connect across
the world.When it comes to the popularity of social media, developing
countries too are at the forefront.
In the context of Pakistan social media is getting distinction day by day.
Around Forty million people in Pakistan have been reported to be online
everyday and the number is growing quickly. Likewise there are 120 million
versatile endorsers in Pakistan that make it the fifth biggest cellular telephone
showcase in Asia. Facebook is presently the most broadly utilized social
media site in Pakistan with almost ten million clients in the nation. It has been
reported that facebook has over one million supporters a month and 44
thousand new clients joining the site consistently. Facebook has turned into
one of the fundamental channels of correspondence between evacuee
Pakistanis living in the Gulf States, European nations and the US and their
families back home. In this regards a growing concern related with social
media sites has been reported to be the increasing change in the behavior
and interests of people towards their environment.
There was a time when people around the world were conscious about
relationships, family matters and their friends circle but the scenario has
changed in the recent past. People who used to give plenty of time to their
families and their social circle spent hours and hours on surfing internet or
other futile activities. It has been argued that because of this plenty of families
are now lacking the close emotional pledges that build when they have close
social contact. This indicates that social media have influenced the emotional
and conscious connections. Excessive
use of social media have been reported to lead to the isolation of individuals
because they restrict themselves to their rooms and neglect the friends and
family gatherings. Individuals who become accustomed to the use of internet
do not realize the wastage of time. Hence, in Pakistan as well as in the rest of
the world excessive use of social media is turning to be a threat for the youth.
It is worth mentioning that Pakistan is one of the countries in the world where
youth are in majority. Around 62-percent population of the country comprises
youth of age ranged between 18-24 years (Awan, 2013). A large majority of
youth, especially urban inhabitants, is regular consumer of social media. It is
believed that the advent of new media has enabled Pakistani youth to
express their opinion publically on various social and political issues. Now,
the youth are much more connected and expressive as compared to past.
In today's world, online communication has become more preferred and
prevalent as compared to face-to face interactions. Therefore, apprehensions
have been shown in various societies that relationships through new media
have diverted the people to spend time with their families and intimate
relations (Bessiere et al., 2008).
On one hand, new media technologies have provided platform to develop
peer culture amongst youth, however on the other end, these have weakened
the mental tendencies. In today's world, youth prefer to spend much time with
their online friends. Even when they are with their families & friends or others,
they are accompanied with cyber friends (Kaare et al., 2007). So is the case
with Pakistani youth, they prefer to be online through cyber-world accounts. It
is often discoursed that excessive online interactions are taking them away
from their real life relationships. Particularly, cell phones have introduced a
new lifestyle, both in rural and urban areas, (Culture360, 2010) which has
occupied the time and attention that was early reserved for intimate relations.
During recent years in Pakistan, the growing use of new media technologies
has greatly influenced the people. Particularly, the country’ youth is largely
involved in using new media especially mobile and social websites. The use
of new media, in one way, has cast positive impacts on the country’s youth
helping them become much more informed, politically active and socially
involved. However on the other hand, the revolution of new media is also
deemed as a source of engaging the same youth in useless activities. It is
considered that instead of searching productive information at Internet, the
youth look for indecent content; in the name of political participation through
social media, they turn out to be intolerant and violent; and instead of being
socially connected, they get isolated and seclude from their own families. As
a matter of fact, new media has impacted the Pakistani youth negatively in
psychological, political, and social ways ( Lubna, 2018)
The great change in the information technology and technological gadgets
have influenced the mentality of the youth of Pakistan by all means. Their
mental tendencies shifted to more uselessness than usefulness. Everyone
puts different keywords according to their knowledge and literacy on the
search bars of each social networking sites, but in case of Pakistan's youth,
the trends are seem different and unproductive. Seeing such ignorant mental
tendencies of the youth of Pakistan, it can be predicted that this would have
harmful effects on youth.
The research has a subject rationale of explaining and bridging the gap of
available research and study on Youth and their mental tendencies because
of social media, in context of Pakistan. Social media have been known as a
platform to build social relations among individuals. This has especially been
so for individuals who for example, share interests, activities, backgrounds, or
real-life connections. However, recently the excessive use of social media
among youth has been reported due to access to internet. The amount of time
spent on social media has dramatically increased over the last few years
since electronics have become popular in our everyday lives.
The excessive use of social media platforms in turn has been reported to
affect the performance of individuals in real life. The new generation of kids
and teens are growing up with social media as an integral part of their lives. It
is changing how they interact with peers, parents and how they use
technology. Individuals who use Social media excessively have reported to
feel unproductive and distracted in school, at work and from relationships.
Instead of focusing on work, school and family, the youth today spend majority
of time online. Due to the above reasons and others the limitations of SNS are
also being debated across the world. Some scholars have considered the
excessive use of SNS as a threat and danger to families and society.
However, people who explicitly emphasize the drawbacks of social media are
not entirely against the idea of networking. Yet they are of the opinion that the
replicated relationships become dominant in the lives of excessive media
users than those of their real relationships. This is how social networking
becomes a threat to our families and societies.

Research suggests that social media use is far more prevalent among young
people than older generations. Young people aged 16–24 are the most active
social media users with 91% using the internet for social media. Young people
use social media for a variety of purposes, including for entertainment, to
share information and network with others and to gain support and health
information. As a consequent of spending time on social media youth tend to
neglect obligations. This has been reported to negatively impact the lives of
the youth and their relationships with families, friends and others. The social
media have changed the conduct and hobbies of the individuals towards their
daily tasks and less responsibility have been reported to have weakened
family and social ties. This is because when individuals communicate online
they do not feel personally connected to the people at the as they do when
during face-to-face conversations. Hence, though people may be
communicating more on the internet but they may not necessarily be building
strong relationships.

Social networking Sites have also been reported to affect the academic
performance of the young students. It has been found that the spending of
unnecessary time on the internet can have serious implications for the
performance of students at academic institutions. Hence, though the Social
media may be a great means for enjoying yet the problem arises when
individuals subtly substitute electronic relationships for physical ones. Though
people may feel connected to peers via the Internet, yet this relation
paradoxically engendersh a sense of social isolation. The mentality of the
youth of Pakistan have completely different tendencies towards the
accomplishments of daily life tasks and understanding of the right usage of
social media.

Evidence suggests that social media use can result in young people
developing conditions including anxiety, stress and depression. There are
various reasons for this. Research has found that four of the five most used
social media platforms make young people’s feelings of anxiety worse.
Research suggests that young people who use social media heavily, i.e.,
those who spend more than 2 hours per day on social networking sites are
more likely to report poor mental health, including psychological distressing.

This study aims at the explanation and understanding of the mental

tendencies of the youth of Pakistan while using the social media platforms.
There are a lot of researchers, explaining the understanding of the usage of
social networking sites among youngsters, but this study has a purpose of
figuring out what are the mentality of Pakistani youth when they open a social
media application. Pakistan has a large population of adolescents.
Unfortunately, due to the overall country's illetracy affects the exposure of
young people more because of their activeness. An illetrate person becomes
clumsy and it gets hard for him or her to get things done in a good manner, in
the same way, the youth of Pakistan, lacking know-how of proper usage of
social networking sites in their smartphones, leads them to the negative
usage, which leaves dreadful impacts on their mental health.

I am going to overview available resources and review available literature in

order to find out the reasons which bring about negative mental tendencies
among the youngsters of the country. There are clear indications and
evidences that behaviour against using social networking sites effects and
changes lives, particularly in youth. Different adolescents use social
networking sites with different ways and according to their approaches and
background knowledge and experiences. Many youngsters like to
interacteach others and love to share stories, experiences and ideas. While
some use social media negatively, our youth is spending their lots of time on
social media sites. Dangerous thing about these sites is that people share
offensive material on these sites and also share their personnel information.

Many youngsters media consuming tendencies are miscellaneous. They scroll

up and down in a leisurely manner in incredible social networking sites, and
these sites carry no ethical or moral stuff. This type of stuff sometimes
becomes the cause damage one’s personality, especially teenagers. On the
other hand, some youngsters bully and harass others, engaging in giving
 feedback through personal content and dropping spiteful comments. They do
such things anonymously to troll and trick others for their own entertainment.

Using different approaches and databases, the results of the study would be
found. Social media has given teens the ability to instantly connect with
others and share their lives through photos, videos and status updates.
Teens themselves describe these platforms as a key tool for connecting and
maintaining relationships, being creative, and learning more about the world.
But they also must contend with more negative aspects of social media use,
such as drama and bullying or feeling pressure to present themselves in a
certain way. social media and young people is the impact these platforms
may be having on the emotional well-being of teens. A majority of teens
believe social media has had a positive impact on various aspects of their
lives. But although sizable shares of teens encounter positive experiences on
social media, some report encountering drama or feeling pressure to present
themselves in a certain way.

This study has been conducted in the phase to bring youth mentality while
using social networking sites, especially in the context of Pakistan. The aim of
the study was to find out how social networking sites are affecting youth
participation in different segments of Pakistani society. The data shows that
Social networking sites are contributing in many ways and there are many
positive attributes associated with the use of the SNS. Yet negative effects of
social networking sites cannot be ignored. Importantly, the data shows that
the use of social networking sites is deeply associated with youngsters
relationships. Excessive usage of social networking sites is alienating the
youth and making them isolated. While doing this the social media is creating
gap between the nation and youth. The youth in contemporary Pakistan are
being detached from their families and friends as a result of the time they
spend online. This has serious implications on the cultural values of the
Pakistani society.

Research Objectives

1. To investigate the reasons for the excessive use of social

media among youth.
 2. To explore the mental tendencies of the youth of Pakistan
while using social networking sites.

2. LITERATURE REVIEW:

Literature review provided the results of previous studies relating to the topic and
it helped to select appropriate objectives and methodology for further
enhancement on the topic. Tapscott (1998) described that, children grew in digital
environment and digital literacy gave liberty to children in relation with adolescent
in the world. Children had confidence on internet. Digital media had provided
opportunities to contribute with those countries that have ICT (Information
Communication Technology). Web-based technology has influenced the way we
perceive and use computer devices. One effect of the increasing variety of online
web services has been a move away from “personal” computing toward
networked or “social” computing.
Monica & Jinjing (2018), Despite the nearly ubiquitous presence of social media in
their lives, there is no clear consensus among teens about these platforms’
ultimate impact on people their age. A plurality of teens (45%) believe social
media has a neither positive nor negative effect on people their age. Meanwhile,
roughly three-in-ten teens (31%) say social media has had a mostly positive
impact, while 24% describe its effect as mostly negative. Smaller shares argue
that social media is a good venue for entertainment (9%), that it offers a space for
self-expression (7%) or that it allows teens to get support from others (5%) or to
learn new things in general (4%).
Divya and Guruprasad (2019), the impact of social networking sites within the
youths and various problems associated with it. This is often a sort analysis and
here the information is collected through tests. The tests are related to favor kind
of social media for youth to see the perspective of youth towards social
networking sites. Negative use of social media is deteriorating the connection
among the countries, how adversely and positively is the youth affected by the
employment of these websites but also will help the youth to understand the
effective utilization of these networks.
Understanding the impact of social media on adolescents’ well-being has become
a priority due to a simultaneous increase in mental health problems (Kim, 2017).
Problematic behaviours related to internet use are often described in psychiatric
terminology, such as ‘addiction’. However, some activity in younger people could
be misconstrued as abnormal. For example, young people who frequently post
images of themselves (‘selfies’) may appear narcissistic, but such behaviour has
emerged as a social norm in younger social networks (McCrae, 2018).
Nonetheless, warnings have been issued by psychologists and other experts on
how younger people are engaging with social media and related impairment to
personal and social development (Greenfield, 2014; Twenge, 2006).
According to Livingstone and Bober (2003), social media was the main cause of
generation gap in several ways like lack of awareness, recognition of domestic
rules, and in what kids were really acting and what were parents’ opinion about
their children’s doing. People forgot their rituals and traditions because of social
media. This paper overviews a project designed to understand the balance of
opportunities and risks afforded to children and young people by the diffusion and
appropriation of the internet in everyday life.

Berson and Berson (2005) stated that high use of internet linked high risks, and
there had no risk of simple use of internet. In early childhood, they did not know
about risks, and they need guider. In teenage, they had not developed abilities to
make life’s choices. There has, in recent years, in the literature, been a growing
emphasis upon the 'role' of victims in cases of Internet grooming. While the
process of continuing to develop and refine online resources based on youth
feedback appears more straightforward, less clear is how to improve the quality of
youths' online interactions. The use of these new technologies is rapidly
expanding, with young people and adults aged 14 to 34 years representing the
greatest proportion of this consumer market. Understanding the potential short-
term and long-term consequences of new technologies

Elola and Oskoz (2008) said, Social media was very helpful in developing
business relationship with other states and social media had positive effect in
developing and understanding cultural relationships. Brady, Holcomb, and Smith
(2010) stated that social media had provided efficient ways for education.
Students used social media for e-learning.

Lusk (2010) said that, social media could be used for academic purpose by
students. Students could learn and enhance their communication skills by the use
of social media. Social media had provided new web tools which could be used by
the students to raise their learning skills. With so many teens online and able to
access the array of offerings it provides, it is important to understand how youth
incorporate the internet into their lives. Laying the foundation for this issue on teens and
social media, this overview article provides a general familiarity to adolescents' use of
social media, as well as some of the potential benefits and concerns.
According to Jacobsen and Forste (2011), media had negative effect on grades,
about two-thirds of the students were used media while doing homework, or in
class which had bad impact on their grades. Time-diary results suggest that the
majority of students use electronic media to multitask. Robust regression results
indicate a negative relationship between the use of various types of electronic
media and first-semester grades.
Costin, and Morris, (2011) stated that there was a relationship between social
media and grades, Ohio State University described in his study that those
students had low grades who spent their time on social media, then those who did
not spend their time on social media. The association of social anxiety with
loneliness has been typically examined in children and adolescents and young
adults, especially in the context of computer usage and social media. Despite the
potential benefits of social media use noted by researchers, several studies have
also found that frequent social media use correlates with several indicators of
psychological distress. For example, there is a significant relationship between
Facebook use, depression and poor self-esteem. social networking sites; negative
emotions; loneliness; depression In recent years, social networking sites (SNS)
play an increasingly important part in adolescents' and young adults' lives.
Waddington (2011), adolescent thought social media as the component of their
culture; not a craze. It could enhance their ability and they used it as educational
tool. Social networking among adolescents is not just a fad; it is part of their
culture. While social networking can expose teens to danger, they are exposed to
the same dangers in real life as well. A parent or teacher cannot expect a teen to
abandon the internet and be able to thrive in modern society as computers,
technology, the internet, and social networking is utilized in all aspects of modern
life, even in the workplace. Teens need the education on how to utilize social
networking in a positive, safe manner in order to become productive digital
citizens.
Celebrity interest is a strong motivator for social media use especially among
teens and young adults (Greenwood, 2013;Wiederhold, 2012). adolescents and
young adults are the heaviest users of mobile and the Internet. Young people
spend most of their time on the Internet for different online activities. (boyd, 2007)

Entertainment has been cited by many researchers as an overall motivation.

Social interaction is a chief motive that has been identified by researchers. And,
indeed, many teens have been quick to "friend" celebrities on SNSs and have
made these personae some of the most highly followed figures on SNSs. Indeed,
symbolic consumption has been examined from various dimensions of products.
Many studies have focused on visible symbolic consumption in terms fashion
items such as cloths and shoes on aural symbolic consumption in terms of music
and on virtual symbolic consumption as it relates to the media and internet (boyd,
2008)
Marie and Cynthia (2008), found the Internet has a pivotal role in the lives of
American teenagers. It has been found that 87% of the youth of today go online
(Weiss, 2005), representing 21 million youth. Text messaging, instant messaging,
chat rooms, and personal Websites increase the speed of multiple, simultaneous
interaction. The advances in technology that provide opportunities for youth to
reach out to new sources of knowledge and cultural experiences are not without
challenges. As we embrace the rapidly changing modes of communication in the
new millennium, there is a need for school counselors to assist parents and
school personnel in protecting their students from harm and victimization. This
digest will discuss some initial indicators that are emerging and provide strategies
and interventions that counselors can use to assist youth in the cyber-
communication age of today.
Overuse of Internet games also causes depression, anxiety disorders, and
cognitive impairments and is considered a psychiatric disease termed Internet
gaming disorder (IGD; Aydm & San, 2011;Dalbudak et al., 2013;Kuss, Griffiths,
Karila, & Billieux, 2014;Wang, Cho, & Kim, 2018). Overuse of Internet gaming by
adolescents is prevalent in countries with developed Internet technologies,
including South Korea. The excessive and obsessive use of the internet and
digital technologies, known as Digital Addiction (DA), is becoming a social issue.
(Kuss et al., 2014;Moreno, Jelenchick, Cox, Young, & Christakis, 2011;Müller,
Glaesmer, Brähler, Woelfling, & Beutel, 2014).
Spending long hours chatting in social media sites also decreases productivity
amongst the youths. This in turn causes the youths not to be self-dependent and
instead depend on their parents and families for upkeep. The long hours wasted
online on social media can be channeled to productive activities that can enable
one earn a living or even acquire an education for instance through online tutorials
and make good use of online research materials. it exposes young teens say
below eighteen years to online predators who get to woo them into sexual acts
such as lesbianism and other general sexual misconducts. It also exposes these
teens to pornographic content being spread in some the social groups online.
(James, 2017)

All the studies discussed above shows that, social media have different effects on
different people. So, in this study we will check the effects of social media on
youngsters. Although, the youth of Pakistan has the same problems as we saw in
the abovementioned literature review. Mostly Decade ago studies pointed out the
 same stuff; the researchers finding nowadays. The difference is just about the
numbers which have been increased, and increasing day by day. Besides those
developed countries, Pakistan has severe mental tendencies of the youth on
social networking sites.
3. RESEARCH QUESTIONS
A significant amount of research has been conducted on the effects of social media use
among youngsters. The use of social networking sites have caused a dramatic shift in how
society uses different social media platforms. As a society, this shift has gone from
occasional social media use to constant usage. This shift can be contributed to the fact
that social media usage have transitioned from using once a week, a decade ago and dozens
times in a day now, especially among youth. Due to the many social media capabilities, the
increased usage of social media platforms grew the fastest exponentially when compared
to other technologies. Therefore, this study has objectives to find out what are the mental
tendencies of adolescents while using social media platforms, especially in context of Pakistan.

Research Questions:
The purpose of this study was to point out the mental tendencies of the youth of Pakistan in
the usage of social networking sites. The research questions to be answered, in the down to
road researchers, relating to the mentioned topic, are as follows:

 What effects do overuse of social media leaves on the Psych of a youngster?

 Does illetracy causes negative use of social media among youth of Pakistan?
 How does young generation can learn to be more cautious in using of social
networking sites?
 Do Social media trends bring about youth forcibly to be the same as others?
 How does youth in Pakistan use social networking sites in a productive manner?
 Why social media is considered an essential part like an organ of a
youngster?
 How can the mental tendencies of the youth of Pakistan can be shifted to more
positive usage of social media?
 What are the effects of negative usage of social networking sites on youngsters?

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