UNIT 1 PLANNING AND

ORGANIZATION OF
NURSING SERVICE
Structure
1.0 Objectives
1.1 Introduction
1.2 Objectives of Nursing Service Administration
1.3 ,Essential Characteristics of Good Nursing Service Department
1.4 Rational System of Nursing Service Establishment
1.5 Role and Function of Nurse Admin» .•.rator
1.6 Let Us Sum Up'
1.7 Answers to Check Your Progress

1.0 OBJECTIVES
After going through this unit, you should be able to:

• state the objectives of nursing service department;

• list the essential characteristics of nursing services ,department;
• develop rational system of nursing establishment; and
• enumerate the various function of nurse administrator.

1.1 INTRODUCTION
Who is the most effective member of the patient care team? Sir WilIiam Osier
Said that the nurse is one of the greatest blessings of humanity. Nursing has a
large, important and unique role in the health care delivery system of a country.
Nursing care is extremely important for good patient outcome. While the
physician plans the treatment and surgeon carries out the operation. (A doctor
comes and sees the patients and goes away.) It is the nurse who gives 24
hours/round the clock nursing care and looks after the needs of the patient. The
success of patient care depends upon the competence of the nursing staff.
Organizing the high level of nursing care is a big challenge for the nursing
service administrator. Nursing service administration is a complex of elements in
interaction and is organized to achieve the excellence in nursing care services.
Let us now proceed to the planning and organization of nursing services.

1.2 OBJECTIVES OF NURSING SERVICE

ADMINISTRATION
The first essential component of nursing service administration is the planning
and it should be based on clearly defined objectives. The objectives of the '" ~C..J.J...t..e..
nursing service department are as follows:
V\-. N{~ ~
•
• Objectives in relation to Patient Care .~\~~ ,.
• Objectives in relation to Education '\ t,
• Objectives in relation to Administration and Organization ~
(
5
Organization of Nursing • Objectives in relation to Research
Service and Education
• Objectives in relation to performance Appraisal
Objectives in Relation to Patient Care
The primary emphasis is on total patient care that is:
• To give highest possible quality of nursing care in terms of total patients
need which includes physical, psychological, social, educational needs and
spiritual needs by collaborating with others health team members.
• To assist the physician in providing medical care to the patients.
• To provide preventive and rehabilitative services.
• To provide round the clock nursing care to all the patients.
• To render timely and appropriate nursing service to emergency patients.
• To provide cost effective quality care as per the needs of patients in a
hospital.
• Each patient should be treated with dignity and respect.
• Each patient and family needs to be treated with compassion and concern .
•
• Confidentiality and privacy of each patient should be maintained.
• Constant monitoring and evaluating is of utmost importance to improve
patient care continuously.
Objectives in Relation to Education
• Planning of education and training programme for nurses are must for
professional growth and development needs through in-service education
and research support.
• To provide regular staff development in service education and guidance
services for all members of nursing staff.
• To conduct regular orientation programme for new entrants and for those
have been on the job for a long time.
• To conduct training for operating procedure of latest gadgets and on
handling of sophisticated bio-medical equipment.
Objectives in Relation to Administration and Organization .
• To make regular supervision through rounds.
• To ensure that the essential equipments are provided in functional status for
nursing care services.
• To provide regular flow of essential supplies for rendering quality nursing
care.
• To have a proper system of rotation of staff, provision for annual leave
and days off for members of nursing staff without hampering patient care.
• Ensure that nursing procedures manuals and other manuals concerning
nursing matters are available to nurses for reference.
• Establish a communication system for nursing personnel, other health
worker, patients, health authorities, government authorities and public.
• Ensure that each nurse identifies her job responsibilities and accountability.
• Collective decision making, progressive environment, utilization of current
biotechnology.
• Counseling for health personnel, patients and the public.
( JI Provides financial resources and procure.
6
• The formulation of policies, standards, goals the nursing services, education
Organization
Planning and
of Nursing
and practice. Service

• Maintaining proper documentation of the personnel employed in nursing

service.
Objectives in Relation to Research.
• Establish a system for collection of essential information, research and
studies concerning all aspects of nursing.
• To contribute in research programme conducted by hospitals and by other
health personnel. '
• To encourage and support the nurses to conduct research projects/
activities.
Objectives in Relation to Perfurmanc- lppraisal
• Appraise the performance of nursing service personnel regularly against set
,standards and performance indicators objectively with a view to maintain
quality-nursing services.
Check Your Progress 1
~tate the objectives of nursing service department/administration .
•••••• ~•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••..••••••••••••••••••••••.•••• : ••••••••••• ,/0 •••••••.••••

...................................... ' .

1.3 ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD

NURSING SERVICE DEPARTMENT
You must know essential characteristics of good nursing service. The director
of nursing service is delegated the authority and responsibilities for organizing
and administrating the nursing services in hospital. All elements and principles of
administration serve as a framework for the organization of nursing service
department. It is her duty to institute the essential characteristics of good
nursing services in her institute which are depicted in Fig. 1.1 as under:

a) Purposes and Objectives of the Nursing Service: The purposes should

be in accordance with the hospital philosophy regarding patient care and
approved by administration. It must characterize the principles of
excellence in service, in practice and leadership. Objectives are specific,
practical, attainable, measurable and understandable to all the nursing staff.
The objectives of nursing service department depicting excellence in
service, in practice, research and leadership are mentioned above (refer
Section 1.2).

b) Plan of Organization: Every hospital has the ... basic system of coordination
of vast number of activities i.e. the Director of Nursing Service, she is
responsible for maintaining standards for patient care in terms of quality
nursing service must be completely familiar with the formal organizational
structure of the hospital and its relationship to various department and their
functions. The plan of organization should .indicate inter as well as intra-
department relationship. The plan also should indicate area of responsibility
and to whom and for whom each person is accountable, and the channels
of communication, formal and informal.
Organization of Nursing
Service and Education

ESSENTIAL CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOp NURSING

SERVICE PEPARTMENT ,

,
~'
,
'1. WRITTEN STATEMENT OF PURPOSES AND
OBJECTIVES OF NURSING SERVICES.
2. PLAN OF ORGANIZATION
3. POLICY & ADMINISTRATIVE MANUALS
4. NURSING PRACTICE MANUAL
5.' NURSING SERVICE BUDGET
6. MASTER-STAFFING PATTERN
7. ,NURSING CARE APPRAISAL PLAN
8. ,NURSING SERVICE ADMINISTRATIVE
MEETINGS
9. ADEQUATE INFRASTRUCTURE FACILITIES,
SUPPLIES & EQUIPMENT
10. WRITTEN JOB DESCRIPTIONS & JOB
SPECIFICATIONS
11. PERSONNEL RECORDS
12. PERSONNEL POLICIES
13. HEALTH SERVICES
14. INSERVICE EDUCATION
15. COORDINATION
16. ADVISORY COMMITTEE

Fig.l.l: Characteristics of good nursing service department

c) Policy and Administrative Manuals: The policy and procedure manuals

are required for the operation of the hospital. Policies are established
within the department to guide the nursing staff. These might include duty
hours, rules and regulations: writing of nurse's notes and patients standing
instruction, etc. These are periodically revised and reviewed at regular
intervals.
d) Nursing Practice Manual: This is the written procedure available as
, evidence of the standards of performance. These have been established by
nursing service organization for safe and effective practice after taking into
consideration the best use of available 'resources. Liberal use of diagram
and precautions in nursing manual helps to keep instruction direct and
exact. Procedures are revised and reviewed at regular intervals as per
varied needs and priorities. It is good administrative practice to assemble
all directives regarding administration procedures issued by the nursing
office and referring mainly to regulations ina manual which can be
available for reference. The advantages of procedure manual are as
follows: ;

• Ensures economy of time effort and material.

• Prevents confusion and permits precision in the work to carry out

specific activities.

• Provides basis of training for new personnel to acquire knowledge

j and current skill.

• Provides basis for evaluation to ensure continued improvement and

techniques.
8
e) Nursing Service Budget: It is one segment of the over all hospital Planning and
Organization of Nursing
budget. The nursing service budget is required for personnel budget, Service
Nurses welfare activities, staff development progr~mme, equipment and
capital expenditure, supplies and expenses. Budget preparation includes
analysis of past operation and anticipating the future. revenue and
"

expenses. - <,
f)
. . '".
Master Staffing Pattern: It is the number and composition of-nursing . .
personnel assigned to work in a hospital .in different departments/area-unit's
· wards at a given time. This helps the director to visualize the equitabl,
distribution of nursing personnel among the various nursing unit. It serves>
as a guide for planning daily, weekly and monthly schedules. It act as a
guide in planning vacation coverage as a timetable for replacement of
personnel, supports for budgetary reqrests, and aid, in forecasting future
needs and acts as a accompanying " .ls for monthly returns and Reports.
While preparing the master rotation plan one needs t-o keep in mind the
following points:
• The nursing standards.
• An environment conducive to good nursing care.
• Current nursing care and planning changes for improvement.
g) Nursing Care Appraisal Plan: Performance appraisal is a periodic formal
evaluation of how well the employee has performedhis/her duties during a
specific time period. Employing various techniques such as supervision,
wards rounds,conference, anecdotal records, rating scale, checklist,
suggestion box, management by objective and peer review can do I
performance appraisal of nurses. This is done to improve the quality of
service provided, determine the job competence and to enhance staff
development.
h) Nursing Service Administrative Meetings: These meetings give an
opportunity for free communication, planning and evaluation of the nursing
service through regular interaction. The purposes of these meetings are
regular exchange of view between management and nursing Service for
example improvement of working condition, welfare of patient,
improvement in methods and-organization of work, joint consultation on the
professional matters and general amenities. It should be held at regular
intervals .:
i) Adequate Infrastructure Facilities, Supplies. and Equipments: The
director of nursing evaluates periodically the adequate material available at
all times. She arranges new facilities needed for patient care in discussion
with the hospital administrator as and when necessary. Need is justified
with the help of documented evidence such as computer (local Area Net
Work) Facilities. The Director of Nursing participates in joint planning
session regarding expansion of services and adequate tools for safe and
effective care. The development and use of inventories of equipments and
sllppli~s and the quality of each item required should be ensured.
j) Written Job Descriptions and Job Specifications: Job descriptions are
written organizational relationships, responsibility and specific duties that
. constitutes a given job position or it can be defined as a scope of
responsibility and continuing work assignments. In job description the
·responsibilities are clearly spelt out as precisely including the job content,
activities to be performed, responsibility and result expected from the
various roles required by the organization. They are clear in writing for
practical purpose as it describes the minimal requirement for fulfillment of
·the job. It is useful for reducing conflict, frustration and overlapping duties
beside this it acts.as a guide to direct and evaluate person.
9
Organization of Nursing k) Personnel Records: Records are administrative devices to collate and
Service and Education
classify information. Records are maintained for each personal in
chronological order from the time of admission till the retirement. Personnel
records include the information relating to the individual such as
recruitment and selection, medical records, training and development,
transfer records, promotions, disciplinary action records, performance
records, absenteeism data, leave record and salary records, etc.
I) Personnel Policies: Personal policies\ reflect an analysis of the total job
of nursing in accordance with the types of functions to be performed. It
also indicates the qualitative and quantity of service to be maintained and
the purpose for which the hospitals exist. They are personnel centered but '
based on the needs of the institution. They are informal agreements
between the hospital and employee. The information can be retrieved
easily due to advanced information technology. These days' offices are
having LAN (Local Area Net Work) facilities, records and information of
personnel.
m) Health Services: Nursing administration has particular responsibility in
relation to health programme. It not only concerns with health of the
nurses but also must safe guard the patients and vice a versa. Supervision
of health of each employee by means of complete physical examination.
This is the important welfare activity. This includes the following:
• Pre-employment physical examination, periodic examination,
immunization and provision for diagnostic, preventive and therapeutic
measures.
• The education of employees in the principles of health and hygiene so
that they may develop healthy habits of living and working.
. .• The compilation, maintenance of sickness and accident record.
n) In-Service Education: In-service education is an essential component of
staff Development programme, which aims at augmenting; reinforcing
nurse's knowledge, skill and attitude. It includes:

• Orientation Programme: It provides essential, relevant and

necessary information to new employee.

• Skill Training: It refers to that areas of in-service education

programme that concerned with developing expert technical or
manual skills, communication skill and other behaviour skills associated
with ones job. It helps in providing safe knowledgeable nursing
personnel to indoor and out door patient who are capable of
performing correct methods and procedures with understanding of
under principles.

• Leadership and Management Training: It is provided to nurses in

order to prepare them to be meaningful and effective partners of the
----health care team and to bring appropriate direction in nursing.
\ .
• On the Job Training: It is given in order to maintain the quality of
nursing services rendered .and to develop mastery in the performance
of the task. '

• Staff Development: Staff development is the process directed

towards'the personal and professional growth of nurses while they
are employed by health care agency. It ensures that the nursing
personnel keep themselves abreast with advanced concepts and
techniques of medical and nursing care.

10
0) Coordination: The nursing department cannot function in isolation, and to Planning and
Organization of Nursing
have the perfect integration with other department is largely a matter of Service
administration. Regular consultation and discussion between heads of
departments and with members of the medical staff could be an integral
part of the administration. This is required for the purpose of coordination
of activities.
p) Advisory Committee: Membership on standing committee arguments
active participation of staff member in problem solving. Each committee
has a clear statement and its membership is appropriate to the purpose.
This committee is advisory to the Director of Nursing. After carefully
weighing the advice of the committee, she makes the final decision about
the matter within her area of responsibility and becomes accountable for
their implementation. She makes decision about matter to be referred to
the hospital administrator. Records are kept and all members knows
channel of reporting recommendation. Member is informed of action taken
on their recommendation.
<:;hepk You~' Progress=z

•••••••••••.••••••••.•.••••••••.•••• 0 •••••••.•.••••.•• ~ •• ",a •..•••..••..••••• ,_ •. 0"-., ;"." •••.•••••••••••••.•••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

ses=s
• •.•.•.•••..••.•.••.•.••.•.••.•••..•••.•.•••.•.•• '•.•.••• ~~.' •..•.••••.•.•. '•• OJ.- •.•.•.•..• ,. • ,••.• '••..••.••••.••.••.•.•••.•.•..•.••••••.•..••.••••.•.•.•.•.••••••..•.••••.•.•.•.•.•.••••••..••.•••.•.

•
••••••••••••••••••••••••. ~ •••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•••••••••••.•• 0,0 •••••••••••••••• 0," • ~ •••••••••••••••••••••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•

1.4 RATIONAL SYSTEM OF NURSING SERVICE

ESTABLISHMENT
Now you will learn the rational system of nursing service establishment.
A rational system of .nursing service establishment, therefore needs to be
developed within which different categories of nursing person could be
employed for different level of functions. Such a system should assure:

• Nursing leadership to give guidance to the development of nursing as a

whole while permitting the delegation of authority for appropriate functions
to less expensively trained personnel.

• It should also enable not so highly trained personnel to progress through

ability and traditional training as far as their individual talent permits.

• ·It should minimize fragmentation of service and uncertainty in the chain of

. control.

• Professiorial nurses are responsible for and provide direction to nursing

service, and for coordination of health care services of all types including
round the clock in patient service.

• The participation of professional nurses in all policy making and planning

council at all levels in all service system and health organization, local,
state, regional and national and international level.· There is a need for
nursing teachers/administrators and expert practitioners for fulfilling these
responsibilities. Preparation for responsibilities in this area must be based
on broad general education as well. as sound nursing practice. A
Organization of Nursing • There are certain nursing posts that may demand greater than average
Service and Education
application of nursing knowledge and skills for example in the remote rural
health centre, the intensive care unit or initial screening of a patient in a
psychotic centre, education for professional nursing for specific job will
enable an employee to make necessary constru ctive decisions in. their area
of clinical specialty.
• The nursing personnel must respond to scientific, technological, social,
political and economic changes by modifying or expanding the role,
composition and supply of nursing personnel to meet the identified health
needs of the country. Professional continuing education is vitally important
for nurses to keep abreast with advanced technology.
• In general system of nursing establishment with the following categories
would prove effective:
i) Nursing personnel corresponding to the 'Nurse' defined, as "the nurse
is a person who has completed the programme of basic nursing
education and is qualified and authorized in her country to provide the
most responsible service of a professional nature for the promotion of
health, the prevention of illness and the care of the sick". This nurse
should have a broad general education as well as nursing training with
strong physical and social foundation for the effective practice of
nursing and for advanced nursing education. Those in this category
should be able to develop their ability to provide the most skilled
nursing care in the hospital or community service and their judgment
to make independent decision based on scientific, clinical and
management principles: that is to say they should provide nursing at a
professional level.
ii) Nursing personnel able to provide generalized patient care of a simple
nature requiring both technical and interpersonal skills. Those in this
category should be able to provide preventive, curative and
rehabilitative care that takes account of the psychological and social
needs of the individual patient.
iii) Nursing personnel able to perform specified tasks related to patient
care that require considerably less use of judgment. They should be
able to relate to patients and to carry out dependably, under
supervision, the tasks for which they have been trained.
When, for example, resources are severally limited, it may not be possible
to train sufficient personnel in each category. Lack of educational facilities
with inadequate teaching staff may make it impossible for a country to
prepare adequate numbers of the first group. In such a case it may be
necessary for personnel in the other two groups to accept responsibilities
that usually in more favorable circumstances would be carried out by those
with more preparation. However, even a small group of nursing leaders
can help to make crucial important decisions required to minimize the
hazards that would otherwise be faced when the quality and quantity of
nursing personnel are inadequate.
i) It is necessary that every country develop a small nucleus of nurses
capable of advancing to positions of authority and leadership.
ii) The relative number of personnel in each category will vary greatly
from country to country and from time to time within a country
depending on the nature of the demand for nursing on the general
health programme and on economic and human resources .. Carefully
conceived long range plans will, be needed to clarify the meaning of
each category, to develop training methods for new entrants of each
group and upgrade those who can be prepared through supplementary
12 education to accept greater responsibilities.,
 Planning and
1.5 ROLE AND FUNCTION OFNURSE Organization of Nursing
Service
ADMINISTRATOR
Now you will learn the role and function of nurse administrator.

The Principal Matron of the hospital will be responsible to the Commandant of

the hospital for the-following duties:

Administration
• Organizes, directs and supervises the nursing services both day and night.
• Coordinates assignments of staff.
• Establishes the general pattern of delegation of responsibilities and authority.
• Formulates standing orders for the nursing care.
• Ensures appropriate allocation of duties and responsibilities to all nursing .
staff working under her.
• Formulates nursing policies to ensure quality patient care and adequate
attention at all times.
• Ensures that administration of nursing staff is carried out in accordance
with the current rules and regulations of hospitals.
• Responsible for efficient functionirig of the nursing staff and _enforces
hostel rules and regulations and discipline.
• Delegates the responsibilities to the assistant nursing superin endent.
• Evaluates the personal performance of the nursing staff.
Discipline
• Ensure that standard of discipline of nursing staffis high at all times.
• Maintain good order and discipline in wards/departments.
• Brings immediately to the. notice of the medical superintendent all matters
concerning neglect of duty: insubordination either by nursing staff, patients
or visitors or any un-towards incident, which comes to her notice for
taking suitable action as required as per the orders on the subject.
• Makes daily rounds of the Hospital wards/departments and also seriously ill
patients. In addition she will make unscheduled rounds in the hospital in the
evenings.
• Ensures proper supervision of patient's diet.
Public Relations
• Promotes and maintains harmonious and effective relationship with the
various administrative departments of the hospital a~d related community
agencies.
• Maintains cordial relationships with the patients and their families.
Office Routine
• Scrutinizes the reports and returns and submits in accordance with existing
orders.
Confidential Reports -'ti

• Initiates the confidential reports of nursing staff on due dates.

• Responsible for the nursing budget.

13
Organization of Nursing Education
Service and Education

• . Carries out in service training for all categories of nprsingstaff and Para-
medical personnel and keeps the records of such traijiings, '

• Conduct various update courses based on the needs.

• Encourages the personnel to participate in the continuing education

programme.
Welfare
• Responsible for health and welfare of nursing staff.
• Ensures AME and periodical health examinations and maintenance of
health records.
Conferences
• She will be responsible for organizing and conducting (quarterly) staff
meetings of the nursing staff once in three months and monthly mess
, meetings.
• Holds conferences to solve nursing care problems and discuss policies as
regards to working conditions, working hours arid other facilities and
measures for motivation of personnel.
Supervision
• Supervises the Nursing care given to the patients and all nursing activities
within the Nursing unit.
• Supervises the work of all Para medical staff of the hospital.
• Makes evening rounds in rotation with other matrons, includes Sunday and
holidays.
Records and Reports
Maintain following records in the Nursing Superintendent:
• Duty roster Nursing staff
• Day Off Book
• Personal Biodata
• Leave plan

• Causality returns Book

..
• Medical Category Book
Staff conference Book

• Releases file

• Courses file.

1.6 LET US SUM UP' .

The major responsibilities connected with the administration of the nursing
service are that the nursing services are well organized to fulfill the functions.
The essential features of sound nursing service administration are: written
statement, purposes and objectives of nursing service, plan of organization,
polices and administrative manual nursing service budget, master staffing
pattern, plan for appraisal of nursing care, nursing service administrative
meetings, adequate facilities, supplies and equipment, written job description and
job specification, personnel records, health record, in-service education and
coordination. Good planning and administration of nursing services is solely
dependent on these features without which the organization of nursing services
14 cannot' be made sound.
 Planning and
1.7 ANSWERSTOCHECKYOURPROGRESS Organization of Nursing
Service

Check Your Progress 1

Objectives in Relation to Patient Care
The primary emphasis is on total patient care that is:

• To give highest possible quality of nursing care in terms of total patients

need which includes physical, psychological, social, educational needs and
spiritual needs by collaborating with others health team members.

• To assist the physician in providing medical care to the patients.

• To provide preventive and rehabilitative services.

• To provide round the clock nursing care to all the patients.

• To render timely and appropriate nursing service to emergency patients.

• To provide cost effective quality care as per the needs of patients in a

hospital.

• Each patient should be treated with dignity and respect.

• Each patient and family needs to be treated with compassion and concern.

• C\onfidentiality and privacy of each patient should be maintained.

• Constant monitoring and evaluating is of utmost importance to improve

patient care continuousiy.
Objectives in Relation to Education
• Planning of education and training programme for nurses are must for
professional growth and development needs through in-service education
and research support.
• To provide regular staff development in service education and guidance
services for all members of nursing staff.
• To conduct regular orientation programme for new entrants and for those
have been on the job for a long time.
• To conduct training (or operating procedure of latest gadgets and on
handling of sophisticated bio-medical equipment.
Objectives in Relation to Administration and Organization
• To make regular supervision through rounds.
• To ensure essential equipments are provided in functional status for nursing
care services.
• To provide regular flow of essential supplies for rendering quality nursing
care.
• To have a proper system of rotation of staff, provision for annual leave
and days off for members of nursing staff without hampering patient care.
• Ensure that nursing procedures manuals and other manuals concerning
nursing matters are available to nurses for reference.
• Establish a communication system for nursing personnel, other health
worker, patients, health authorities, government authorities and public.
• Ensure that each nurse identifies her job responsibilities and accountability.
• Collective decision making, progressive environment, utilization of current
biotechnology. .
i ,

15
Organization of Nursing • Counseling for .health personnel, patients and the public.
Service and Education
• Provides financial resources and procure.
• The formulation of policies, standards, goals the nursing services, education
and practice.
• Maintaining proper documentation of the personnel employed in nursing
service.
Objectives in Relation to Research
• Establish a system for collection of essential information, research and
studies concerning all aspect of nursing.
• To contribute in research programme conducted by hospitals and by other
health personnel.
• To encourage and support the nurses to conduct research projects!'
activities. '
Objectives in Relation to Performance Appraisal
• Appraise the performance of nursing service personnel regularly against set
standards and performance indicators objectively with a view to maintain
quality-nursing services.
Check Your Progress 2
Personnel Records
• Records are administrative devices to collate and classify information.
• Records are maintained for each personal in chronological order from the
time of admission till the retirement.
• . Personnel records include the information relating to the individual such as
recruitment and selection, medical records, training and development,
transfer records, promotions, disciplinary action records, performance
records, absenteeism data leave record and salary records, etc.
In Service Education:
• In-service education is an essential component of staff development
programme, which aims at augmenting; reinforcing nurses knowledge, skill
and attitude. It includes:
• Orientation Programme: It provides essential, relevant and necessary
information to new employee. Promote, transferee or an old employee
requiring refreshing knowledge.
• Skill Training: It refers to that areas of in-service education programme that
concerned with developing expert technical or manual skills, communication
skill and other behaviour skills associated with the ones job. It helps in
providing safe care to indoor and out door patients by knowledgeable
Nursing personnel who are capable of performing correct methods and
procedures with understanding of under principles.
• Leadership and Management Training: It is provided to nurses in order to
prepare them to be meaningfull and effective partners of the health care
team and to bring appjopriate direction in nursing.
• On the Job Training: It is given in order to maintain the quality of nursing
services rendered. And to develop mastery in the performance of the task.
• Staff Development: .Staff development is the process directed towards the
personal and professional growth of nurses while ·they are employed by
health care agency. It ensures that the nursing personnel keep themselves
abreast with advanced concepts and techniques of medical and nursing'
16 care.