Short Communication

iMedPub Journals Critical Care Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019

http://www.imedpub.com/ Vol.5 No.2:7
ISSN 2471-9803
DOI: 10.21767/2471-9803.1000174

Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy-A Basic View Through

Literature
Shumaila Khadim Ali, Amber Akram Ali and Sarmad Muhammad Soomar*
Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Pakistan
*Correspondingauthor: Sarmad Muhammad Soomar, Aga Khan University, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Pakistan, E-mail:
[email protected]
Received date: January 14, 2019; Accepted date: February 16, 2019; Published date: February 22, 2019
Copyright: © 2019 Ali SK, et al. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which
permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.
Citation: Ali SK, Ali AA, Soomar SM (2019) Diagnosis and Management of Ectopic Pregnancy-A Basic View Through Literature. Crit Care Obst Gyne
Vol.5 No.2:7.

Method
Abstract A basic literature search was done after inspiration taking
from a case in the family. The words ectopic, pregnancy,
Pregnancy is a period in which women carry a developing diagnosis, management were in use to search the basic
embryo in their womb. It is the period of great joy but literature regarding this very significant topic. We came across a
sometimes it becomes complicated for some women. There
lot of articles from which a handful were related to our write up
are many complications of pregnancy one of them is an
ectopic pregnancy. An ectopic pregnancy occurs when exploring the basic dimensions of diagnosing and treating or
fertilized ovum implants outside the endometrial cavity. managing ectopic pregnancies.
Ectopic pregnancy is a life-threatening obstetric emergency
and a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity
around the globe. Its prevalence is increasing day by day.
Discussion
Since ectopic pregnancy is extensive increasing trouble in Most tubal pregnancies are caused by tubal impediment or
the women of reproductive age. Therefore immediate
deferred entry of the prepared ovum. The pelvic fiery ailment is
effective treatment and management are required to save
women from this life-threatening complication. the most regularly referred to the reason for disabled tubal
transport and halfway tubal obstacle. Gonococcal pelvic
inflammatory sickness is viewed as in charge of a vast level of
Keywords: Ectopic; Pregnancy; Diagnosis; Treatment; cases; in any case, late investigations show that blended
Management vigorous and anaerobic bacterial greenery because numerous
tubal contamination i.e. Chlamydia, tuberculosis, and other
explicit microscopic organisms are additionally involved [4].
Introduction Tubal ligation which is usually done for birth control can also
Ectopic pregnancy is when fertilized ovum implants in other lead to ectopic pregnancy as the sterilization procedure prevents
tissues rather than the lining of the uterus [1]. The fallopian tube intrauterine pregnancy [5]. Average pregnancy while having
is the most common site for ectopic pregnancy. 95% of ectopic intrauterine devices, past history of ectopic pregnancy, smoking
pregnancies typically occur in the fallopian tube. Other sites are and multiple sex partners can also lead to ectopic pregnancy [6].
ovary, cervix, and abdomen. It is an acute life-threatening event The clinical manifestation of ectopic pregnancy includes
and major cause of maternal mortality mainly in the first vaginal spotting in the first trimester, hurting pelvic agony and
trimester [2]. The incidence of ectopic pregnancy is increasing at auxiliary amenorrhea may show extrauterine pregnancy yet can
an alarming rate. About 10% of all maternal deaths are due to likewise emerge in a flawless intrauterine pregnancy or as an
ectopic pregnancy [1,2]. outcome of early unsuccessful labor. Further, suggestive
According to literature the incidence of ectopic pregnancy is indications incorporate stomach torment emanating to the
about 1%-2% of all pregnancies reported in the developed shoulder, stomach guarding or an intense belly, torment on
world. However, it is thought that it would be much higher in the uprooting of the vaginal bit of the cervix, hemodynamic
developing world but the exact statistics is unknown because in unsteadiness (dyspnoea, hypotension, tachycardia) and syncope
developing countries most of the cases remain unreported [1]. [2,6].
There was approximately six-fold multiplication in the incidence The diagnosis for ectopic pregnancies based on history,
of ectopic pregnancy which is mainly due to three prominent physical examination, and stomach paracentesis. Pregnancy
factors: increased use of Assisted Reproductive Technology tests were utilized as strong indicative examinations, with
(ART), Pelvic Inflammatory Diseases (PID) and increased smoking finding affirmed by transabdominal ultrasound check.
consumption in the women of reproductive age [3].

© Under License of Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License | This article is available from: http://obstetrics.imedpub.com/ 1
 Critical Care Obstetrics and Gynecology 2019
ISSN 2471-9803 Vol.5 No.2:7

Ultrasound is valuable in assessing patients with suspected are required on the effective interventions to be taken in an
ectopic pregnancy, basically by recording the nearness or acute emergency condition.
nonattendance of an intrauterine pregnancy at an oppressive
With increased prevalence, the condition is now seen
zone of around 6,500 mIU/mL of beta human chorionic
common clinically but still, there are cases that are less attended
gonadotropin [4].
in a huge setup. That is why timely check-ups are required and
Women with ectopic pregnancies need immediate treatment. clinicians’ decision making and assessment skills require
If shock occurs immediate resuscitation with intravenous fluid refreshers.
and blood is required. In addition, a laparoscopic medical
procedure can be utilized both for finding and treatment of References
unruptured ectopic pregnancy. Be that as it may, the inside
needed useful symptomatic and helpful laparoscopic gear for 1. Sivalingam VN, Duncan WC, Kirk E, Shephard LA, Horne AW (2011)
this methodology of the board [4]. The most common surgical Diagnosis and management of ectopic pregnancy. J Fam Plann
procedure which is lifesaving is salpingectomy [4,5]. Reprod Health Care 37: 231-240.
2. Taran FA, Kagan KO, Hubner M, Hoopmann M, Wallwiener D, et al.
Conclusion (2015) The diagnosis and treatment of ectopic pregnancy. Dtsch
Arztebl Int 112: 693-704.
Since ectopic pregnancy is an obstetric catastrophe and it 3. Sultana S, Asif HM, Akhtar N (2015) Incidence rate and prevalence
greatly affects the reproductive capacity of women. It not only of major risk factors for ectopic pregnancy in the Pakistani
affects one’s reproductive health but also impacts one’s activity population: Mini-review. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 5: 246-250.
of daily living. Women with ectopic pregnancy can have low self- 4. Lawani OL, Anozie OB, Ezeonu PO (2013) Ectopic pregnancy: a life-
esteem and other psychological issues such as depression. threatening gynecological emergency. Int J Womens Health 5:
However, it can be managed and treated successfully if timely 515-521.
identified. There is a need to introduce productive management
5. Barnhart KT, Franasiak JM (2018) ACOG practice bulletin No. 191:
programs to promote healthy lifestyles. Awareness session tubal ectopic pregnancy. Obstet Gynecol 131: e65-e77.
should be given to the women of reproductive age regarding risk
factors, its consequences, and management. Further researches 6. Jacobson JD (2018) Ectopic pregnancy.

2 This article is available from: http://obstetrics.imedpub.com/