Kinematics of Curvilinear Motion

KINEMATICS OF CURVILINEAR MOTION
Projectile Motion: Air resistance is neglected

• Influence by two types of rectilinear motions
1. Uniform motion in horizontal direction
2. Free falling motion (uniformly accelerated/decelerated) in vertical
direction
• When the plane of the projectile path is so chosen the problem reduces to
a basic rectangular system in terms x and y axes.
y
Vy=Vosinϴ-gt=0
Vy=Vosinϴ-gt
Vx=Vocosϴ Vx=Vocosϴ
x
Vx=Vocosϴ
Vo ymax Vy=Vosinϴ-gt
y
Voy=Vosinϴ
ϴ
Vx=Vocosϴ x
Range, R
• The vector quantities associated to this case reduce to the following:

A. Position: 𝒓 = 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦𝑗 eq. 1
Magnitude of 𝒓, r = √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 eq. 2
Direction of 𝒓,
a. ur = 𝒓/r vector form eq. 3
𝒚
b. 𝜽𝒙 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝒙) scalar form eq. 4
B. Displacement of the projectile at any time, t
Horizontal : x = V𝑜 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃) t eq. 5
𝒈𝒕𝟐
Vertical : y = 𝑽𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽𝒕 − eq. 6
𝟐
C. Velocity : 𝒗 = 𝑣𝑥 + 𝑣𝑦 = V𝑥 𝑖 + V𝑦 𝑗 eq. 7
If V𝑜 = initial speed of the projectile
The horizontal component of the speed of the projectile at any time, t is
V𝑥 = V𝑜 𝑥 = V𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 eq. 8
and V𝑦 = V𝑜 𝑦 − 𝑔𝑡 eq. 9
2
where: 𝑔 = 9.8𝑚/𝑠 for SI units or
2
𝑔 = 32.2𝑓𝑡/𝑠 for English units
Since, V𝑜 𝑦 = V𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Ergo, the vertical component of the speed of the projectile at any time, t
V𝑦 = V𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡 eq. 10
Alternatively, the vertical component of the speed can also be found using,
V𝑦 2 = (V𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2 − 2𝑔𝑦 eq. 11
Magnitude of 𝒗, V = √𝐕𝒙 𝟐 + 𝐕𝒚 𝟐 eq. 12

Direction of 𝒗
a. uv = 𝒗/ V vector form eq. 13
𝐕𝒚
b. 𝜽𝒉 = 𝒂𝒓𝒄𝒕𝒂𝒏 (𝐕 ) scalar form eq. 14
𝒙
A. Acceleration: 𝒂 = 𝒂𝑥 + 𝒂𝑦 = 𝑎𝑥 𝒊 + 𝑎𝑦 𝒋 eq. 15
In this case, 𝒂𝒙 = 𝑎𝑥 𝑖 = 𝟎 since 𝑽𝒙 = 𝒄𝒐𝒏𝒔𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒕
And 𝒂𝒚 = −𝒈𝒋 , 𝑎𝑦 = −𝑔 (magnitude of 𝒂𝒚 )
However, 𝒂 = 0 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑗
Magnitude of 𝒂, 𝑎 = √𝑎𝑥 𝟐 + 𝑎𝑦 𝟐 = 𝑔
Direction of 𝒂, ua = 𝒂/𝑎 =-j ua => downward
Note: bold letter is a vector quantity where as non-bold is a scalar quantity.
• Other important information are as follows:

At the maximum point,
𝒗𝒚 = 0, & Vy = 0
Hence, 0 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 − 𝑔𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥
The time required for the projectile to travel from the launching point to the maximum height,
𝑽𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
𝒕𝒎𝒂𝒙 = eq. 16
𝒈
Range of the projectile
The time required for the projectile to travel from the launching point to the point of the
same elevation if air resistance is neglected (see figure);
𝑡𝑅 = 2𝑡𝑚𝑎𝑥
𝟐𝑽 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽
Hence, 𝒕𝑹 = 𝒐𝒈 eq. 17
So that 𝑅 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃𝑡𝑅
2𝑉 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Or 𝑅 = 𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑜𝑔
𝑽𝒐 𝟐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟐𝜽
Simplifying, 𝑹= eq. 18
𝒈
Equation of the projectile’s path
𝑥
From eq. 5, 𝑡 = 𝑉 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 eq. 5’
𝑜
𝒙𝑽𝒐 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽 𝒈 𝒙𝟐
Substituting eq. 5’ in eq.6, 𝒚= − 𝟐( 𝟐 )
𝑉𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑽𝒐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
𝒈𝒙𝟐
𝒚 = 𝒙𝒕𝒂𝒏𝜭 − eq. 19
𝟐𝑽𝒐 𝟐 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟐 𝜽
(an equation of a parabola)
Page 2
Example 1
A sack slides off the ramp, shown in the figure, with a horizontal velocity of 12 m/s. If the height
of the ramp is 6 m from the floor, determine the time needed for the sack to strike the floor
and the horizontal distance where sacks begin to pile up.
Given : 𝑉𝑜 = 12 𝑚/𝑠
𝜃=0
𝑦 = −6𝑚 (below the launching point)
Required : t & X
Solution :
1
Using 𝑦 = 𝑉0 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑡 − 𝑔𝑡 2
2
9.8
−6 = 12(𝑠𝑖𝑛0)𝑡 − 𝑡 2
2
𝒕 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟏 𝒔𝒆𝒄 Answer
Using x = 𝑉0 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 𝑡
Substituting known values,
x =(12𝑚/𝑠)(𝑐𝑜𝑠0)(1.11𝑠)
x = 13.28 m Answer
Example 2
The chipping machine is designed to eject wood chips at 𝑽𝒐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕/𝒔 as shown in the figure. If the
tube is oriented at 30° from the horizontal, determine how high, h, the chips strike the pile if at this
instant they land on the pile 20 ft from the tube.
20 ft
Page 3
Given : 𝑽𝒐 = 𝟐𝟓 𝒇𝒕/𝒔
𝜽 = 𝟑𝟎𝒐
𝒚𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅 = −𝟒 𝒇𝒕 (vertical distance of the ground from the
launching point)
x = 20 ft
Required : h
Solution :
Using x = 𝑽𝒐 (𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜽)𝒕
𝟐𝟎𝒇𝒕 = (𝟐𝟓𝒇𝒕/𝒔)(𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟑𝟎𝒐 )𝒕
𝒕 = 𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟒𝒔
Then, using 𝒚 = 𝑽𝒐 (𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜽)𝒕 − 𝒈𝒕𝟐 /𝟐
𝒚 = (𝟐𝟓𝒇𝒕/𝒔)(𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟑𝟎𝒐 )(𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟒𝒔) − (𝟏𝟔. 𝟏𝒇𝒕/𝒔𝟐 )(𝟎. 𝟗𝟐𝟒)𝟐
𝒚 =-2.196 ft below the launching point
𝒉 = 𝒚 − 𝒚𝒈𝒓𝒐𝒖𝒏𝒅
𝒉 = −𝟐. 𝟏𝟗𝟔 𝐟 − (−𝟒𝒇𝒕)
𝒉 = 𝟏. 𝟖𝟎𝟒 𝒇𝒕 Answer
Page 4
Activity 4
Part B
1,. Determine the speed at which the basketball at A must be thrown at the angle of 30° so that it makes
it to the basket at B.
Vertical distance of the goal from the ground, h=6m

Horizontal distance of the goal from A, x = 10 m
10 m
Vertical distance of A from the ground, hA=1.5m 10 m
2. The ball is kicked from point A with the initial velocity v A = 10 m/s. Determine the range R, and the
speed when the ball strikes the ground.

Kinematics of Curvilinear Motion

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Kinematics of Curvilinear Motion

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KINEMATICS OF CURVILINEAR MOTION

Projectile Motion: Air resistance is neglected

• The vector quantities associated to this case reduce to the following:

Magnitude of 𝒗, V = √𝐕𝒙 𝟐 + 𝐕𝒚 𝟐 eq. 12

• Other important information are as follows:

Vertical distance of the goal from the ground, h=6m

Vertical distance of A from the ground, hA=1.5m 10 m

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