User'S Guide: Vaisala Maritime Observation System MAWS410

USER'S GUIDE
Vaisala Maritime Observation System

MAWS410
M210891EN-A
PUBLISHED BY
Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1

P.O. Box 26 Fax: +358 9 8949 2227
FIN-00421 Helsinki
Finland
Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/
© Vaisala 2008
No part of this manual may be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical (including photocopying), nor may its contents be communicated to a third
party without prior written permission of the copyright holder.
The contents are subject to change without prior notice.
Please observe that this manual does not create any legally binding obligations for
Vaisala towards the customer or end user. All legally binding commitments and
agreements are included exclusively in the applicable supply contract or Conditions of
Sale.
________________________________________________________________________________
Table of Contents
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION.......................................................................... 11
About This Manual ................................................................. 11
Contents of This Manual ..................................................... 11
Version Information ............................................................. 12
Related Manuals ................................................................. 12
Feedback............................................................................. 12
General Safety Considerations............................................. 13
Product Related Safety Precautions .................................... 13
ESD Protection ....................................................................... 14
Recycling ................................................................................ 14
Regulatory Compliances ....................................................... 14
Trademarks ............................................................................. 15
License Agreement ................................................................ 15
Warranty.................................................................................. 15
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW................................................................................ 17
Introduction to Vaisala Maritime Observation System
MAWS410 ................................................................................ 17
Mechanical Structure ............................................................. 19
Mast..................................................................................... 21
Wind Sensor........................................................................ 21
Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor................................ 22
Compass ............................................................................. 22
GPS Sensor ........................................................................ 23
Equipment Enclosure .......................................................... 23
QML201 Logger ............................................................. 25
Power Supply Set........................................................... 26
Surge Arrestors .............................................................. 27
Battery............................................................................ 28
Pressure Sensor ............................................................ 28
Satellite Transmitters (Optional) .................................... 28
Water Temperature Sensor................................................. 29
Digital Displays (Optional)................................................... 29
Software .................................................................................. 29
Setup ................................................................................... 29
Vaisala HydroMet™ Automatic Weather Station Client
Software (AWS Client) ........................................................ 30
Display Software ................................................................. 30
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CHAPTER 3
INSTALLING HARDWARE ..........................................................................31
Selecting Location..................................................................31
Mast and Sensor Location...................................................31
Water Temperature Sensor Location ..................................32
Preparing Installation.............................................................32
Power Supply and Communication Lines ...........................32
Unpacking Instructions..........................................................33
Contents of the Delivery ......................................................33
Inspecting the Delivery ........................................................34
Tools Required for Installation..............................................34
Installation...............................................................................35
Installation Overview ...........................................................35
Installing Welding Plate .......................................................36
Installing the Mast................................................................37
Installing and Aligning Wind Sensor....................................38
Installing and Aligning GPS Receiver and Compass ..........41
Installing Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor...43
Erecting the Mast.................................................................44
Installing the Equipment Enclosure .....................................45
Connecting Internal Battery............................................47
Installing DTS12W...............................................................48
Installing WD50/DD50 .........................................................48
Cabling and Wiring ..............................................................49
Connecting Grounding Cable.........................................49
Connecting Sensor Cables ............................................49
Connecting AC Power ....................................................52
Connecting Communication Cable.................................53
Checking Operation ...............................................................53
Opening Serial Connection .................................................53
Checking Operation.............................................................54
Defining Station Settings.......................................................55
Calibrating Compass..............................................................57
Before Calibration...........................................................57
Calibration Procedure.....................................................57
Routing the Device Cables ....................................................59
Securing and Protecting the Cables.....................................59
Closing Enclosure ..................................................................59
Disassembly for Transportation ...........................................59
CHAPTER 4
INSTALLING SOFTWARE ...........................................................................61
Minimum System Requirements ...........................................61
Recommended Operating System Settings.........................61
User Account .......................................................................61
System Time........................................................................62
Network Options ..................................................................62
Keyboard .............................................................................62
Firewall and Virus Checking................................................63
Operating System Updates .................................................63
Preparing for installation .......................................................63
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Installation .............................................................................. 63
Installing Observation Console software............................. 63
Verification........................................................................... 64
After Installation ..................................................................... 64
Minimum Configuration Steps ............................................. 64
Installing AWS Client Software............................................. 65
CHAPTER 5
OPERATING OBSERVATION CONSOLE .................................................. 67
Introduction to Vaisala Maritime Observation Console ..... 67
Operation Console Versions ............................................... 67
Starting and Exiting ............................................................... 68
Weather Data Display............................................................. 68
Real-time Text Section........................................................ 69
Changing Text Box Settings .......................................... 70
Graph Section ..................................................................... 70
Wind Display Section .......................................................... 71
System Menu Commands................................................... 71
View Menu Commands ....................................................... 72
Terminal Window ................................................................ 73
Message Template User Interface ........................................ 74
Editing Area......................................................................... 76
Editing Message Contents .................................................. 76
Sending Messages.............................................................. 77
Corrected Messages ........................................................... 77
Automatic Functionalities .................................................... 78
Automatic Connection.................................................... 78
Real-time Display ........................................................... 78
AWS Clock Synchronization .......................................... 78
Data Logging.................................................................. 78
Message Logging........................................................... 78
Event Logging ................................................................ 78
Automatic Screenshots .................................................. 78
Message Generation...................................................... 79
CHAPTER 6
OBSERVATION CONSOLE ADMINISTRATOR'S GUIDE.......................... 81
User Accounts ........................................................................ 81
General................................................................................ 81
Logging in as Administrator................................................. 81
Changing Administrator’s Password ................................... 82
Logging in as Observer ....................................................... 82
General Definitions ................................................................ 82
AWS Variable................................................................. 82
Observation Variable ..................................................... 83
Observation Time Window............................................. 83
Observation Time........................................................... 83
Configuration Settings........................................................... 84
General Settings ................................................................. 84
General Settings - Ship.................................................. 84
General Settings - Message .......................................... 85
General Settings – Variables ......................................... 86
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Application Settings .............................................................86

Application Settings - Communications..........................87
Application Settings – Data Processing .........................88
Application Settings – Other...........................................89
System Menu...........................................................................89
Observations - Configuration Report...................................89
Constraints ..........................................................................90
CHAPTER 7
OPERATING AWS CLIENT .........................................................................93
Installing AWS Client .............................................................93
Establishing Terminal Connection .......................................93
Using Terminal Software .......................................................95
Starting and Exiting AWS Client..........................................95
AWS Client Main Window ...................................................96
Defining AWS Client Settings..............................................97
Read Only Mode..................................................................97
Address Book ......................................................................97
Serial Line Connections ......................................................98
TCP/IP Socket Connections..............................................100
Dial-Up Connections..........................................................102
Options Window ................................................................104
Opening Service Connection.............................................106
Giving Commands .............................................................108
Closing Service Connection ..............................................110
Managing User Levels.......................................................110
Modifying Station Settings ..................................................111
Setting the QML Logger Clock ..........................................112
Changing Static Parameters .............................................114
Calibrating Sensors ...........................................................115
Sensor Status List .............................................................117
Offset Calibration...............................................................117
Manual Calibration.............................................................119
Downloading Setup Files from QML Logger .....................120
Data Logging.........................................................................121
Log Data Format................................................................122
Controlling Logging............................................................123
Freeing Up Logging Space................................................124
Working with Data Log Files..............................................125
Selecting Files for Downloading ........................................125
Downloading Log Files ......................................................127
Converting Downloaded Log Files to CSV Format ...........130
Auto Downloading Log Files..............................................132
Viewing the Status of Auto Downloads .............................136
Using External Memory Card ..............................................137
Automatic Erase from External Memory Card...................138
Resetting the QML Logger...................................................139
Reset Using the Reset Button ...........................................139
Sleep Command....................................................................140
Wakeup Command ...............................................................141
Command Reference for Terminal Connection.................141
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CHAPTER 8
WD50 WIND DISPLAY OPERATION ........................................................ 145
User Interface ....................................................................... 145
Display Pages ....................................................................... 147
Brightness Control............................................................. 148
Test Page .......................................................................... 148
Display Reset .................................................................... 148
CHAPTER 9
DD50 DISPLAY OPERATION.................................................................... 149
Introduction .......................................................................... 149
Display Pages ....................................................................... 151
CHAPTER 10
MAINTENANCE ......................................................................................... 153
Cleaning and Overall Checking .......................................... 153
Checking Enclosure .......................................................... 153
Mast Maintenance ................................................................ 154
Tilting the Mast ..................................................................... 154
Wind Sensor Maintenance .................................................. 155
Cleaning ............................................................................ 155
Performing Accuracy Test................................................. 156
Visual Inspection of WS425 .............................................. 156
Compass and GPS Maintenance ........................................ 158
QMH102 Temperature & Humidity Sensor Maintenance.. 158
Visual Check ..................................................................... 158
Changing Temperature/Humidity Membrane Filter........... 158
Sending for Calibration...................................................... 158
Inside Enclosure Maintenance............................................ 159
Checking Battery............................................................... 159
Calibrating PMT16A Pressure Sensor .............................. 159
Changing Components ..................................................... 160
Replacing Consumables...................................................... 160
Changing Battery .............................................................. 160
Changing the QML201 Logger.......................................... 161
Changing the Power Supply Set ....................................... 161
Changing the Surge Arrestors........................................... 162
Changing PMT16A Pressure Sensor................................ 163
DTS12W Water Temperature Sensor Maintenance.......... 164
Parts List for Consumables ................................................ 165
CHAPTER 11
TROUBLESHOOTING ............................................................................... 167
Display Software and Digital Displays ............................... 167
Maritime Observation Console.......................................... 168
MAWS410 Total Report........................................................ 168
MAWS410 Power & Communication .................................. 169
Problem Report .................................................................... 171
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Requesting RMA...................................................................171
Technical Support ................................................................172
CHAPTER 12
TECHNICAL DATA ....................................................................................173
Specifications .......................................................................173
Enclosure Specifications ...................................................173
Pressure Sensor Specifications ........................................173
QML Logger Specifications ...............................................174
Mains Power Supply Specifications ..................................175
Battery Specifications ........................................................176
Communication Modules...................................................176
Mast Specifications............................................................178
Wind Sensor Specifications...............................................179
WS425 Specifications ..................................................179
WA15 Specifications ....................................................180
WMT50 Specifications..................................................181
Compass Specifications ....................................................183
GPS Specifications............................................................184
Air Temperature and Humidity Sensor Specifications.......185
Water Temperature Sensor Specifications .......................186
WD50 Display Specifications ............................................186
DD50 Display Specifications .............................................188
APPENDIX A
FM-XII 13 SHIP MESSAGE GROUPS .......................................................191
General ..................................................................................191
Section 0 Groups..................................................................192
Group: MiMiMjMj ...............................................................192
Group: DDDD ....................................................................192
Group: YYGGiw.................................................................192
Group: 99LaLaLa .................................................................192
Group: QcLoLoLoLo .............................................................193
Section 1 Groups..................................................................193
Group: iRiXhVV ...................................................................193
Group: Nddff ......................................................................193
Group: 1SnTTT ..................................................................194
Group: 2SnTdTdTd ..............................................................194
Group: 4PPPP ...................................................................194
Group: 5appp.....................................................................195
Group: 7wwW1W2 ..............................................................195
Group: 8NhCLCMCH ............................................................195
Section 2 Groups..................................................................196
Group: 222Dsvs ..................................................................196
Group: 0SsTwTwTw .............................................................196
Group: 2PwPwHwHw ............................................................196
Group: 3dw1dw1dw2dw2.........................................................197
Group: 4Pw1Pw1Hw1Hw1.......................................................197
Group: 5Pw2Pw2Hw2Hw2.......................................................197
Group: 6IsEsEsRs ...............................................................198
Group: 8SwTbTbTb ..............................................................198
Group: ICEciSibiDizi ...........................................................198
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APPENDIX B
IMMT-3 MESSAGE GROUPS.................................................................... 201
APPENDIX C
WIRING DIAGRAMS .................................................................................. 217
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Chapter 1 ______________________________________________________ General Information
CHAPTER 1
GENERAL INFORMATION
This chapter provides general notes for the manual and the product.
About This Manual

This manual provides information for installing, operating, and
maintaining the Vaisala Maritime Observation System MAWS410.
Contents of This Manual

This manual consists of the following chapters:
- Chapter 1, General Information, provides general notes for the

manual and the product.
- Chapter 2, Product Overview, introduces the product.
- Chapter 3, Installing Hardware, provides you with information that
is intended to help you install this product.
- Chapter 4, Installing Software, gives instructions for installing the
PC software for Vaisala Maritime System.
- Chapter 5, Operating Observation Console, contains information on
viewing meteorological measurement data and generating
meteorological messages FM-13 SHIP and IMMT-3.
- Chapter 6, Observation Console Administrator's Guide, provides
you with information on configuring all settings in the software.
- Chapter 7, Operating AWS Client, provides information on using
the AWS Client software.
- Chapter 8, WD50 Wind Display Operation, provides information
on using the WD50 Wind Display.
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- Chapter 9, DD50 Display Operation, provides information on using

the DD50 display.
- Chapter 10, Maintenance, provides information that is needed in
basic maintenance of the product.
- Chapter 11, Troubleshooting, describes common problems, their
probable causes and remedies, and contact information for
technical support.
- Chapter 12, Technical Data, provides the technical data of the
product.
- Appendix A, FM-XII 13 SHIP Message Groups, describes the FM-
XII 13 Ship Message Groups.
- Appendix B, IMMT-3 Message Groups, contains the description of

the IMMT-3 Message groups.
- Appendix C, Wiring Diagrams, provides the default wiring
diagrams for the most common sensor options used in MAWS410.
Version Information
Table 1 Manual Revisions
Manual Code Description
M210891EN-A This manual. First release.
Related Manuals
Table 2 Related Manuals
Manual Code Manual Name
M210784EN Vaisala HydroMet™ Data Collection Platform
Volume 1 - User's Guide
Feedback
Vaisala Customer Documentation Team welcomes your comments
and suggestions on the quality and usefulness of this publication. If
you find errors or have other suggestions for improvement, please
indicate the chapter, section, and page number. You can send
comments to us by e-mail: [email protected]
12 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
General Safety Considerations

Throughout the manual, important safety considerations are
highlighted as follows:
WARNING Warning alerts you to a serious hazard. If you do not read and follow
instructions very carefully at this point, there is a risk of injury or
even death.
CAUTION Caution warns you of a potential hazard. If you do not read and
follow instructions carefully at this point, the product could be
damaged or important data could be lost.
NOTE Note highlights important information on using the product.
Product Related Safety Precautions

The Vaisala Maritime Observation System MAWS410 delivered to
you has been tested for safety and approved as shipped from the
factory. Note the following precautions:
WARNING Ground the product, and verify outdoor installation grounding

periodically to minimize shock hazard.
CAUTION Do not modify the unit. Improper modification can damage the
product or lead to malfunction.
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ESD Protection
Electrostatic Discharge (ESD) can cause immediate or latent damage
to electronic circuits. Vaisala products are adequately protected
against ESD for their intended use. However, it is possible to damage
the product by delivering electrostatic discharges when touching,
removing, or inserting any objects inside the equipment housing.
To make sure you are not delivering high static voltages yourself:
- Handle ESD sensitive components on a properly grounded and

protected ESD workbench. When this is not possible, ground
yourself to the equipment chassis before touching the boards.
Ground yourself with a wrist strap and a resistive connection cord.
When neither of the above is possible, touch a conductive part of
the equipment chassis with your other hand before touching the
boards.
- Always hold the boards by the edges and avoid touching the
component contacts.
Recycling
Recycle all applicable material.
Dispose of batteries and the unit according to statutory regulations.

Do not dispose of with regular household refuse.
Regulatory Compliances
The Vaisala Maritime Observation System MAWS410 complies with
the following performance, EMC and environmental test standards:
IEC 60945: Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment

and systems - General requirements - Methods of testing and required
test results. 4th edition, 2002-08
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Lloyd's Register: LR type approval system, Marine and Offshore

Applications, Test Specification Number 1;2002
IEC 60950: Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1:

General requirements
Trademarks
Microsoft®, Windows®, Windows NT®, and Windows® 2000 are
registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States
and/or other countries.
License Agreement
All rights to any software are held by Vaisala or third parties. The
customer is allowed to use the software only to the extent that is
provided by the applicable supply contract or Software License
Agreement.
Warranty
For certain products Vaisala normally gives a limited one-year
warranty. Please observe that any such warranty may not be valid in
case of damage due to normal wear and tear, exceptional operating
conditions, negligent handling or installation, or unauthorized
modifications. Please see the applicable supply contract or Conditions
of Sale for details of the warranty for each product.
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Chapter 2 ________________________________________________________ Product Overview
CHAPTER 2
PRODUCT OVERVIEW
This chapter introduces the product.
Introduction to Vaisala Maritime Observation

System MAWS410
The Vaisala Maritime Observation System MAWS410 is weather
observation system specifically designed for the rough marine
environment. The basic weather parameters measured are wind speed
and direction (relative wind, true wind, upwind), atmospheric pressure
(QFF, QFE, QNH, pressure tendency), air temperature and humidity
(dew point), and water temperature. The sensors are typically installed
on a tiltable 3-meter mast.
Built-in algorithms test each measurement to ensure data quality. For

each parameter, tests are carried out on the minimum, maximum and
step limits, and the different parameters are crosschecked. A built-in
testing system also continuously checks the hardware, reporting
immediately if a fault occurs. An expansion memory for data storage
is also available if not sent to an ancillary system for further use or to
be stored on the PC hard drive.
The system processes, displays, stores, and transmits fully automated

ship weather reports in the universal FM 13 SHIP (FM 13 XII) and
IMMT-3 code formats around the globe, in real-time. These reports
can be augmented with visual observations entered prior to
transmission. Factors such as cloud type, past weather, weather
phenomena, waves and swell, as well as sea-ice and/or ice accretion
onboard are added using Vaisala Observation Console software.
The software is also available as a light version: a real- time weather

display only without the message sending and editing features.
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Figure 1 below presents the basic Vaisala Maritime Observation

System MAWS410 and the available options.
0801-007
Figure 1 Block Diagram of Vaisala Maritime Observation

System MAWS410
The data logger in the weather station receives measurement data from
the sensors and calculates basic meteorological variables. These
values are transmitted to the PC, where the program further processes
them and displays them to the user.
In the full version of the software, the user may edit the data and add
manual observations (e.g. cloud types and coverage, present and past
weather). At predefined times, the message is sent back to the data
logger which will forward it to the final destination.
18 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
In the light version of the software, only real-time weather data is

displayed without the message sending and editing features.
If there is no user present, the application will form a message using

the available measurement values and configuration settings and send
it forward. Finally, if the PC or its communications to the weather
station fail, the weather station will form an automatic back-up
message.
Mechanical Structure
Figure 2 on page 20 presents the mechanical structure of the Vaisala
Maritime Observation System MAWS410.
In addition, a water temperature sensor is installed in the water intake

tube/channel, or similar location in the ship's hull/platform bottom.
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0801-008
Figure 2 Mechanical Structure MAWS410
The following numbers refer to Figure 2 above:

1 = Wind sensor
2 Electronic Compass
3 = GPS receiver
4 = Equipment enclosure radiation shield
5 = Equipment enclosure, see Figure 7 on page 24.
6 = Temperature and humidity sensor with radiation shield
7 = Sensor arms
8 = Mast
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Mast
The typical mast used is the 3-meter-tall Vaisala Short Pole Mast
DKP203. Also DKP202 and DKP204 can be used. The material of the
whole mast is anodized aluminum and the mast is painted white.
Wind Sensor
0801-009
Figure 3 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WS425
Vaisala Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WS425 uses ultrasound to determine

wind speed and wind direction. The sensor has no moving parts, and it
is resistant to corrosion and contamination. The sensor has a built-in
heater. The elements have a built-in thermostat to switch the heaters
on when the transducer head needs it. The sensor is mounted to the
mast using a sensor adapter.
The optional WS425 F/G is a special ice-free version of the WS425.

With its exceptionally high heating power of 150 W, the WS425 F/G is
suitable for most extreme conditions.
The optional WMT50 is Vaisala wind sensor using ultrasound to

detect horizontal wind speed and direction.
The optional WA15 mechanical wind sensor consists of a Vaisala

Anemometer WAA151, a Vaisala Wind Vane WAV151, an optional
crossarm, a power supply, and cabling.
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Air Temperature and Humidity

Sensor
0801-010
Figure 4 QMH102 and Radiation Shield DTR13
The air temperature and humidity sensor QMH102 is protected under

the DTR13 radiation shields. Humidity measurement is based on the
highly accurate capacitive thin film polymer sensor HUMICAP®180
and it offers excellent long-term stability in a wide range of
environments. Temperature measurement is based on resistive
platinum Pt-100 IEC751, 1/3 Class B sensor. Both the humidity and
temperature probes are located at the tip of the sensor and are
protected by a membrane filter. The sensor is mounted to the mast
using a sensor arm.
Compass
0801-011
Figure 5 Vaisala Electronic Compass QCO201
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Vaisala Electronic Compass QCO201 is a tilt-compensated three-axis

compass module. The compass is mounted to the mast in the same
sensor arm with the GPS sensor and provides the following
information in serial message: heading, pitch, and roll.
Optionally, the ship's own gyro compass can be used.
GPS Sensor
0801-012
Figure 6 GPS Sensor (Garmin GPS17HVS)
The GPS17 sensor includes embedded receiver and antenna. It tracks

up to 12 satellites at a time and provides fast time-to-first-fix, one-
second navigation updates and low power consumption. The GPS is
mounted to the mast with the same sensor arm with the compass and
provides e.g. the following information in serial message: speed,
direction, location, and time.
Equipment Enclosure
The equipment enclosure houses the QML logger, the backup battery
and powering, as well as the communication devices, terminal strip for
cable connections and a battery regulator.
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0801-013
Figure 7 Equipment Enclosure with Radiation Shield

1 = Radiation shield
2 = Equipment Enclosure
3 = Battery
4 = Tiltable plate: Unscrew to reveal the terminal strip
5 = Logger QML201
6 = QMI118 digital I/O module
7 = Pressure sensor port (PMT16A)
8 = Main switch
9 = Removable installation plate for satellite transmitters:
Unscrew to reveal the battery regulator, power supply set,
and surge arrestors
10 = Layout label
11 = Type label
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0801-014
Figure 8 Enclosure with Optional Satellite Communications

Module
QML201 Logger
0801-015
Figure 9 QML201 Logger
QML201A is a complete data logger comprising of a highly

specialized, single board computer (CPU), which makes the
measurements and calculations, controls all system functions and
telemetry devices and logs data.
This board contains the 32-bit Motorola CPU for data processing and
10 differential (20 single ended) analog sensor inputs. Also there are
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three (3) frequency sensor interfaces, the 16 bits A/D converter, 1.7
Mbytes of secure Flash memory for data logging, RS-232 and RS-485
serial ports, RTC and power supply providing also sensor excitations.
The QML201A has an internal Real-Time-Clock with resolution of 1

second (internally in milliseconds) and stability better than 20
seconds/month. The RTC is backed up with a lithium battery. There
also is possibility to read and adjust the RTC using commands issued
via serial ports, both locally and remotely e.g. from the central data
collection software.
The printed board uses the latest SMT technology and is conformally
coated for better protection and reliability also in high humidity
environments. Each sensor input has a varistor (VDR) protection
against inducted transients. The maintenance terminal connection (RS-
232, COM0) has also transzorb diodes in its inputs.
Power Supply Set
0801-046
Figure 10 Power Supply Set
The power supply units are installed inside the equipment enclosure,
under the removable installation plate for satellite transmitters. The
Mains power supply units ADC8220 and ADC5921 are switching
power supplies, which operate from the universal mains (AC) input of
90 to 264 VAC and 45 to 65 Hz.
The ADC8220 output voltage is 15.0 VDC, which is used to power

the MAWS system, and as an input to the Battery Regulator
QBR101C to charge the back-up battery. The ADC5921 output
voltage is 36 VDC, which is used to heat the wind sensors.
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Surge Arrestors
Data Line Surge Arrestor
The QSA224DC Surge Arrestor provides three tier protection to the

signal lines:
• Transil diodes will limit the common mode surge voltages on

the protected side to < 32 V.
• Resistors before transient suppression diodes reduce the surge

current through diodes on differential mode over voltages
• Transient suppression diodes limit the differential over

voltages on the RS-485 input to < 24V.
0801-047
Figure 11 QSA224DC Surge Arrestor for Data Line
AC Mains Surge Arrester
PT 2-PT/S-230AC is used as surge arrester for AC mains power input.

This item consists of base socket and removable plug. The condition
of the plug can be visually inspected from the window that is on the
plug, indicated with an arrow in Figure 12 on page 28. The status
indicator behind the window is red if the plug is broken and otherwise
it is yellow/green. If the indicator is red, the plug need to be replaced
with the new one.
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0801-049
Figure 12 Surge Arrestor for AC (Mains) Power
Battery
The back-up battery is a 7 Ah/ 12 V sealed lead-acid battery.
0801-050
Figure 13 Back-up Battery
Pressure Sensor
The pressure sensor PMT16A has been installed at the factory inside
the QML201 logger. The pressure hose can be seen on the bottom of
the enclosure.
Satellite Transmitters (Optional)

Iridium D3LA and Inmarsat satellite transmitters are available options
for satellite data link. The SDB communication method is used when
sending data via satellite link e.g. in VOS (Voluntary Observing Ship)
applications. The transmitters are installed inside the equipment
enclosure, see Figure 8 on page 25. Antenna and installation
accessories are provided with the option.
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Water Temperature Sensor
0801-016
Figure 14 Water Temperature Sensor DTS12W
The Vaisala DTS12W Water Temperature Sensor has a water-tight,

weather resistant design that ensures reliable temperature
measurements in extreme conditions. The sensor is located in the
water intake tube/channel, or similar location in the ship's
hull/platform bottom.
Digital Displays (Optional)

The optional WD50 and DD50 displays are typically installed to the
bridge of the ship, or similar location.
Software
Setup
The QML logger works based on a so-called setup. A setup is a set of
parameters that tells the logger what to measure, log, calculate, and
report. The measured data is stored in the daily log files that can be
downloaded to a PC and viewed using display software.
The basic setup has been loaded in the QML logger program memory
already at the factory. Therefore you simply need to connect the
sensors, communication lines, and supply power, and define the
station settings and static parameters. Your station will then start
operating, that is, making measurements, doing calculations and
sending report(s).
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Vaisala HydroMet™ Automatic

Weather Station Client Software
(AWS Client)
Vaisala HydroMet™ Automatic Weather Station Client, or AWS
Client for short, is used for working with the QML logger, for
example, for setting station-specific parameters to the setup file and
for downloading the log files.
Display Software
Vaisala Maritime Observation Console is a PC software application
for displaying and storing meteorological measurement data. The
extended version of the software also includes editing meteorological
measurement data and generating standard meteorological
messages FM-13 SHIP and IMMT-3. For more information, see
Chapter 5, Operating Observation Console, on page 67.
30 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Chapter 3 _______________________________________________________ Installing Hardware
CHAPTER 3
INSTALLING HARDWARE
This chapter provides you with information that is intended to help

you install this product.
Selecting Location
Finding a suitable site for the Vaisala Maritime Observation System
MAWS410 is important for getting representative ambient
measurements.
Mast and Sensor Location

When selecting a location for the mast, the location requirements for
all the sensors and the enclosure attached to the mast have to be taken
into account.
When selecting a location for the mast, pay attention to the following:
- To ensure correct wind measurement, position the mast far from

any object that might affect the airflow, such as a revolving radar
or an air-conditioning intake.
- To ensure correct compass readings, position the mast sufficiently
far away from moving ferrous objects. Moving any ferrous objects
(such as the containers on a ship) in the vicinity of the mast causes
magnetic field interference for Vaisala Electronic Compass
QCO201.
- To ensure correct GPS readings, position the GPS sensor so that it
has the clearest possible view of the sky and horizon in all
directions. Position the sensor sufficiently far away from radar
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equipment, VHF radio antennas and electromagnetic interference

from engine components.
- To ensure correct air temperature and relative humidity
measurements, avoid the following installation sites: shaded areas,
heat sources, direct splashes of sea water, and places that might
hold water after rain.
- Allow sufficient clearance for the mast to be tilted and erected,
while at the same time providing access to the sensors in the tilted
mast and leaving room for the equipment enclosure when tilting.
- Allow sufficient clearance for all the sensors and the enclosure.

Location
Install the water temperature sensor to the water intake tube/channel
or similar location in the ship's hull/platform bottom where the sensing
element is in direct contact with non-heated surface water.
Preparing Installation
Power Supply and Communication

Lines
Before assembling the mast the power supply and communication
lines must be available. The primary AC (mains) power service must
comply with the National Electrical Code (NEC) or equivalent
specifications for grounding the primary power service entrance. The
AC (mains) must be continuous and without spikes and blackouts. If
the AC (mains) voltage is fluctuating more than the given tolerance
allows, the AC (mains) voltage stabilizers are recommended.
The following applies to all field cabling:
- Use armored field cables.

- Check the cable core diameter according to maximum allowable
drop.
- Route the cables through conduits to the equipment.
- Check cable conduit diameters or use additional termination boxes.
32 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
- Ground the cable shield at both ends.

Always make a detailed cabling and wiring plan. Data transmission
lines from the outdoor sites to indoor devices have to be prepared
carefully. Also the power supply for the equipment used needs to be
planned carefully.
For the cables that connect the indoor components to the outdoor
components, it is recommended to use a conduit to protect the cables
from damage and moisture. The conduit protects the cables also from
the traffic and standing water. Note also that the twist and stress
caused by the connectors can damage the cables.
Unpacking Instructions
Remove the sensors and other system parts from the containers
carefully. It is important to save the containers and all the foam
packing for future transporting or shipping.
CAUTION Never move the WS425 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor until it is in its
custom shipping container. Otherwise, the warranty will become
void.
CAUTION In WS425 a transducer is located at the top of each of the three arms.
Be careful not to damage any of the transducers. Dropping the sensor
can break or damage the transducer or the arms will bend and they
cannot be re-aligned. Damage can also be caused if the transducers
are twisted (the transducers are not screwed into the arms).
Contents of the Delivery

The mast, its accessories, and the sensors are packed into cartons. The
contents of the cartons may vary depending on the selected options.
Check the delivery contents against the packing list provided in a
plastic folder on the carton or inside the cartons.
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Inspecting the Delivery

Check the cartons for possible damage. Check that there are no loose
parts or connectors before installing the mechanics of the equipment
and cabling them. If there has been any damage, contact Vaisala
without delay.
Tools Required for Installation

In installing the MAWS410 system you need the following tools:
- Welding machine (for mast installation)

- Set of Allen keys
- Adjustable wrenches
- Water level
- Cable ties
- Cable shrouds for protecting the cables
- Laptop computer with Terminal software
- Maintenance cable (QMZ101)
34 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Installation
Installation Overview
Detailed instructions of the installation are provided later in the
following sections. The installation contains the following list
presents an overview of the installation procedure:
1. Installing the welding plate.

2. Fixing the mast into the welding plate (without erecting the mast
yet).
3. Installing the sensors in the mast using the fixing arms provided.
4. Erecting the mast.
5. Installing the enclosure in the mast.
6. Installing water temperature sensor.
7. Cabling and wiring.
8. Checking operation.
9. Defining settings.
10. Calibrating Compass.
11. Routing and protecting cables.
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Installing Welding Plate

The welding plate is made from structural steel and coated with zinc.
To install the welding plate, do the following:
1. Before installing the welding plate, carefully select a suitable

location for the mast. See section Selecting Location on page 31.
2. Refer to Figure 15 below for the orientation of the welding
plate. The arrow points to the tilt direction of the mast.
0711-090
Figure 15 Orientation of the Welding Plate
3. Remove the zinc coating from the edges of the welding plate.
4. Make sure that the welding plate will be tilted less than 7° to any
direction.
5. Using a welding machine, weld the welding plate onto the ship's
hull, supporting structure, or similar strong enough structure.
6. Protect the welded joint with paint or zinc coating.
36 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Installing the Mast

To install the mast to the welding plate with the tilt division flange, do
the following:
1. First install the nuts to the threaded rods of the welding plate
(number 8 in Figure 16 below) and then place the washers (6)
onto the nuts (7).
2. Place the tilt division flange through the threaded rods (8) onto
the washers (6).
3. Level the tilt division flange to horizontal with the nuts (number
7 in Figure 16 below) that are under the plate. For adjusting the
level, use the appropriate wrench and the water level to check
that the tilt division flange is horizontal. Check also that the
distance between the top of the threaded rod of the welding plate
and the tilt division flange is approximately 50 mm (2 in.).
0711-091
Figure 16 Installing Mast with Tilt Division Flange
The following numbers refer to Figure 16 above.

1 = Mast
2 = Base plate of the mast
3 = Securing nut
4 = Bolts for assembling base plate to the hinge
5 = Axle for hinge
6 = Spring washer
7 = Adjusting nut
8 = Threaded rod of the welding plate
9 = Welding plate
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Before securing and erecting the mast, install the sensors, see sections
below. For instructions for erecting the mast, see section Erecting the
Mast on page 44
Installing and Aligning Wind

Sensor
The ultrasonic wind sensor is mounted vertically to the Vaisala sensor
adapter with the transducers facing up. To install the wind sensor to
the mast with the sensor adapter, follow the procedure below (the
numbers refer to Figure 17 on page 39):
1. Remove the mounting clamp (8) from the sensor adapter by

loosening the bolt (4).
2. Route the cable through the opening (7) and through the sensor
adapter (3). Leave the cable connector (6) outside the adapter.
3. Carefully remove the sensor from the container.
4. Install the bird spike on the top of the sensor.
CAUTION Save the container and all the packaging materials. Always ship the
Vaisala Ultrasonic Wind Sensor in its custom shipping container.
Otherwise, you will void the warranty.
38 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
0211-099
Figure 17 Installing Wind Sensor
5. Remove the bolt (2) from the sensor body (1). Use the correct
size Allen key or appropriate screw driver.
6. Connect the cable (6) to the sensor (1).
7. Attach the sensor adapter (3) to the sensor body (1). Insert and
tighten the bolt (2) using the correct size Allen key or
appropriate screw driver.
8. Reattach the mounting clamp (8) around the sensor adapter (3),
but do not tighten the bolt (4) yet.
9. Tilt or lower the mast, if not already tilted.
NOTE Do not remove the plastic cover from the end of the pole mast.
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10. Attach the sensor adapter to the pole mast tube so that when the
mast is erected, the transducer head marked with "N" is closely
aligned with the prow of the ship and the transducer head
marked with "S" is closely aligned with the stern of the ship, see
Figure 18 below. To make the alignment procedure easier, mark
(for example, with paint or colored tape) the sensor body to
indicate the "N" and "S" transducer heads so that you can easily
see them from the ground.
11. Tighten the mounting clamp bolt using the correct size Allen
key.
12. Erect the mast and tighten the mast screws loosely. Check that
the sensor is correctly aligned. For correct alignment, see the
steps above and Figure 18 below.
0801-017
Figure 18 Wind Sensor and Compass Aligned with

Ship's Prow and Stern
NOTE The ship's prow, wind sensor and compass do NOT need to be
aligned to the real north. They DO have to be aligned in parallel to
each other.
40 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
If the alignment is not correct, do the following:
- Tilt the mast.

- Loosen the mounting clamp at the bottom of the sensor
adapter and rotate the sensor so that the transducer heads
marked with "N" and "S" are aligned correctly.
- Tighten the mounting clamp.
- Erect the mast and check the alignment again until the sensor
is correctly aligned with the required accuracy.
13. Tilt the mast and attach the wind sensor cables to the mast with
the cable ties.
For installation instructions of the optional wind sensor
WMT50/WA15, refer to the sensor manuals. However, align the
sensor to the ship's prow, as described above.
Installing and Aligning GPS

Receiver and Compass
Install the GPS receiver (Garmin GPS17HS) and Vaisala compass
QCO201 to the mast by doing the following:
1. Install the sensor arm (DKPFIXP44) to the mast so that when

the compass is mounted, its "NORTH" marking will be closely
aligned with the ship's prow and the wind sensor "N" - "S"
direction. See Figure 18 on page 40 and Figure 20 on page 42.
2. When applicable, remove the M12 connector from the QCO201
compass and replace it with the cable gland included in the
delivery. Connect the compass cable to the connector inside the
QCO201 as shown in Figure 19 on page 42.
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0612-001
Figure 19 Wiring of QCO201 Connector
3. Install the GPS receiver and the QCO201 compass to the

mounting plate (QCOGPSFIX) with the screws provided.
4. Install the mounting plate (with the compass and GPS receiver
installed) to the sensor arm See Figure 20 below. The compass
needs to be rotated later for calibration, therefore:
- Tighten the screws only slightly.
- Do not attach the cables to the mast properly yet.
See section Calibrating Compass on page 57.
0801-018
Figure 20 Installing GPS Receiver and Compass
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Installing Air Temperature and

Relative Humidity Sensor
To install the Air Temperature and Relative Humidity Sensor
QMH102, do the following:
1. Mount the sensor arm (DKPFIXP44) to the mast with the clamp
and screws provided so that the centre of the radiation shield,
when mounted, will be at approximately 2 meters height.
2. Mount the radiation shield (DTR13) to the sensor arm and fix it
with the screws provided.
3. Loosen the screw of the sensor clamp with your fingers and put
the QMH102 inside the radiation shield as shown in Figure 22on
page 44.
0801-019
Figure 21 Installing QMH102 into the Radiation Shield
4. Tighten the screw without using excessive force.

5. Lead the sensor cable along the sensor support and attach the
cable to the sensor support with cable ties.
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0801-020
Figure 22 QMH102 and Radiation Shield Installed to

Mast
Erecting the Mast

When the sensors have been attached to the mast and aligned
correctly, erect the mast to the vertical position permanently.
1. Erect the tilted mast to the vertical position carefully.

2. To secure the mast and tilt division flange, install the nuts with
the washers and spring washers to the threaded rods of the
welding plate and tighten them. Refer to Figure 16 on page 37.
44 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Installing the Equipment Enclosure

The equipment enclosure houses the QML logger, the backup battery
and powering, as well as the communication devices, terminal strip for
cable connections, and the battery regulator.
0801-021
Figure 23 Enclosure Installation Brackets and Dimensions
To mount the enclosure on the mast, follow the procedure below:
1. Select a suitable installation height: approximately 1.5 to 1.7

meters. Eye height is recommended for the best working access.
In the recommended enclosure position the back of the
enclosure faces the tilt direction.
2. Attach both parts of the upper installation bracket to the mast
with the bolts provided. Tighten all the bolts properly using an
Allen wrench.
3. Attach the front part of the lower installation bracket (number 1
in Figure 24 on page 46) to the back of the enclosure with the
bolts provided.
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0801-022
Figure 24 Installing Brackets and Bolts in the Enclosure

Back
4. Attach loosely the two upper bolts in the back of the enclosure
(number 2 in Figure 24 above).
5. Lift the enclosure against the upper bracket installed in the mast,
so that the bolts attached to the enclosure fit into the holes in the
bracket, see Figure 25 on page 47. Tighten these bolts and install
and tighten the other bolts in the upper bracket.
46 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
0801-023
Figure 25 Mounting Enclosure
6. Attach the back part of the lower installation bracket and tighten
the bolts.
7. Attach the radiation shield with the bolts provided.
8. If loose, push the longer and thinner part of the pressure port
inside the pressure port (see Figure 7 on page 24.
Connecting Internal Battery

Most of the devices inside the enclosure are fully installed at the
factory. You only need to do the following:
1. Connect the cable battery cables: connect the cable marked with
red to the red pole in the battery, and the cable marked with
black to the black pole in the battery.
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Installing DTS12W
To install the water temperature sensor DTS12W, do the following:
1. Install the water temperature sensor to the water intake tube/

channel or similar location in the ship's hull/platform bottom
where the sensing element is in direct contact with non-heated
surface water. Use the sensor's M20 thread to fix the sensor.
2. Make the installation water-tight by applying a proper sealant to
the M20 thread.
0801-024
Figure 26 Installing Water Temperature Sensor DTS12W
Installing WD50/DD50
The optional WD50 and DD50 displays are typically installed to the
bridge of the ship, or similar location. For installation instructions,
refer to the DD50/WD50 manuals.
48 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Cabling and Wiring
Connecting Grounding Cable
WARNING A long cable between different units (sensors, transmitters, power

supplies, and displays) can cause a life-threatening surge voltage, if a
lightning strike occurs close by. Always ground the mast equipment
case close to the mast with a short and low resistance cable.
To connect the grounding cable, do the following:
1. Using the grounding cable included in the delivery, connect the

equipment grounding cable to the main grounding point located
underneath the system enclosure, see Figure 27 below. Strip 10-
15 mm sheath from the cable end and solder it, or use cable
ferrule.
0801-025
Figure 27 Connecting Grounding Cable to the Enclosure
2. Connect the other end of the cable to a grounded location in the

ship's frame using an applicable adapter, cable lug, or similar.
Connecting Sensor Cables

To connect the sensor cables, do the following:
1. Unscrew the installation plates (number 1 in Figure 28 on page

50) and flip them down to see the terminal strips (number 2 in
Figure 28 on page 50).
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0801-026
Figure 28 Terminal Strip behind Logger Plate
2. Insert the cables through the cable glands located in the bottom
flange of the enclosure (number 3 in Figure 27 on page 49).
3. Inside the enclosure connect the cables to the terminal strip
(number 2) according to a wiring diagrams presented in
Appendix C, Wiring Diagrams, on page 217. Pay close attention
to correct cable shield connection presented in Figure 29 on
page 51 and Figure 30 on page 51:
50 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
0801-027
Figure 29 Grounding of Sensor Cable Shields
0206-046
Figure 30 Cable Shield Bent over the Plastic Sleeve and

O-ring
4. After connecting the sensor cables to the terminal strip, put the
sensor wires to the cable holders and use cable ties to bind each
bunch of wires together as shown in Figure 31 below. A good
place for the cable ties is appr. 2 - 3 cm away from the terminal
strip.
0801-079
Figure 31 Sensor Wires Bound Together with Cable Ties
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5. For protection, spray the cable glands on the bottom of the

enclosure with the insulation/protection spray provided.
Connecting AC Power
The mains (AC) cable is not included in the delivery. A mains cable
with the minimum external diameter of 3 x 1,5 mm2 can be used.
1. Insert the mains cable inside the enclosure through any of the
cable glands located close to the surge arrestor.
2. Strip the cable and connect it to the terminal strip inside the
enclosure under the surge arrestor, see number 4 Figure 28 on
page 50, Figure 33 on page 53, and Figure 32 below.
NOTE When making the connection to the terminal strip, do not strip the
external sheath of the mains cable more than 3 - 4 cm from the end of
the cable (or the minimum amount which is needed to make an easy
connection). See Figure 32 below. Use ferrules in the wire ends.
Figure 32 Stripping Mains (AC) Cable
52 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
00801-028
Figure 33 Connecting AC Power

1 = Main switch
2 = Main fuse, F1
3 = Mains input, L
4 = Mains input, N
5 = GND/PE
Connecting Communication Cable

Connect the data cable to the terminal strip according to the wiring
diagram presented in Appendix C, Wiring Diagrams, on page 217 and
the other end of the cable to the applicable PC/data collection
platform.
Checking Operation
Opening Serial Connection

To check the operation and to set the general settings in the logger,
you need to connect your computer to the MAWS/QML logger serial
port. Do the following:
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1. Turn the power on from the main switch inside the enclosure.
See Figure 7 on page 24.
2. Connect the provided terminal cable to the maintenance terminal
connector on the bottom flange of the enclosure and to an
available COM port on your PC.
3. Start the Terminal program on your PC.
4. Set the communication parameters to: 9600, N, 8, 1.
5. Enter the command open.
Figure 34 below shows the pin order for the terminal connector.
0304-025
Figure 34 Terminal Connector COM0 Pins
The following numbers refer to Figure 34 above.

1 = Not connected
2 = RxD
3 = GND
4 = TxD
5 = Not connected
Checking Operation
1. Turn the power on from the main switch inside the enclosure.
See Figure 7 on page 24.
1. Open the serial connection, see section Checking Operation on
page 53.
2. With the connection open, give the command total and check
from the total report that there are no slashes in the data. If there
are slashes, check the cables and connections and try again. For
an example of the total report, see below:
54 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
MAWS Total Report 2007-11-28 12:36:04

Station: MAWS
CALL SIGN OHVA
pslevel 0
altitude 0
STATUS INST
AIR TEMPERATURE C: 0 22.3
RELATIVE HUMIDITY %: 0 16
DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE C: -4.7
AIR PRESSURE hPa: 0 1004.3
QFF hPa: 1004.3
PRESS TREND: -0.3
PRESS TEND: 7
TRUE WIND SPEED m/s: 0 2.7
TRUE WIND DIRECTION deg: 0 204
RELATIVE WIND SPEED 0 0.0
RELATIVE WIND DIRECTION 0 270
SHIP HEADING deg 0 16
SHIP DIRECTION deg 0 24
SHIP SPEED m/s: 0 3.0
WATER TEMPERATURE C: 23 //////
VISIBILITY m: N/A N/A
PRESENT WEATHER code: N/A N/A
LATITUDE 6001.222 N
LONGITUDE 11523.121 E
SYS ERRORS : 0
UPTIME : 27h 27min 29sec since Tue Nov 27
09:08:35 2007
SW_REV : 6.00(Sep 19 2007 11:18:09)
HW_REV : Rev B-001
OPERATING VOLTAGE Vdc: 15.4
1h min Vdc: 15.4
3. Also check that the pressure sensor hose (see Figure 7 on page
24) and the pressure port parts are properly attached in the
bottom of the enclosure: the inner part of the pressure port
outside the enclosure has to be inside the outer part of the
pressure port.
Defining Station Settings

The factory defaults in the logger have to be changed to correspond to
the actual station conditions. To set the needed initial settings to the
QML201 logger, do the following with the terminal software:
1. Set the static parameters representing the specific station

conditions with the spset [parameter] [value] command:
- To see a list of static parameters, type the command spset.
- Table 3 on page 56 lists the static parameters, their
description, examples, and the needed commands.
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- For example, to set the station altitude from sea level to 10

meters, give the following command:
spset altitude 10
Table 3 Static Parameters

Parameter Description Example Values Example Commands
sname Station name Individual station spset sname "Station
name Name"
pslevel Pressure sensor elevation 1.5 spset pslevel 1.500000
from field level (m)
altitude Station altitude from sea level 10 spset altitude 10
(m)
Country Ship sailing under the flag of FI spset Country "FI"
this country
comp_offset Compass offset value / 0 spset comp_offset 0
manual declination (deg)
SHIP_CALLSIGN Ship callsign AABB spset SHIP_CALLSIGN
"AABB"
WinGustLimit Wind gust limit (m/s) 20.578 spset WinGustLimit
20.578
SynopStart_INT Interval of SYNOP (s) 3600 spset SynopStart_INT
3600.000
SynopStart_SYNC Trigger time for SYNOP (s) 3605 spset SynopStart_SYNC
3605.000
Synopcounter Number of generated 0 spset Synopcounter 0
SYNOP after previous reset
2. Set the time and date for MAWS410 through terminal software
using command time [HH MM SS YY MM DD], for example:
time 15 45 00 03 06 18
NOTE The AWS Client Station settings window can alternatively be used to
setup parameters locally with cable connection.
3. After changing the values of the static parameters give the reset
command to be sure that the system will start with the new
settings.
4. Give the total command and check from the total report that the
static parameters are correct.
56 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Calibrating Compass
The calibration of QCO201 is in essential role when reliable heading
data is needed. If the compass is left uncalibrated after installation, the
heading information might be unreliable.
Vaisala Electronic Compass QCO201 determines the heading angle by

sensing the earth's magnetic field. All ferromagnetic materials and
objects which are close to the compass cause anomalies to earth's
magnetic field. These magnetic anomalies have a direct effect to the
compass heading output. Therefore whenever the compass is installed
or moved to the new location, it must be calibrated.
During the calibration, the compass tries to take as many different data
points from the measured magnetic field as possible to determine the
magnetic anomalies. These datapoints are saved to the nonvolatile
memory and are used to compensate the effect of the magnetic
anomalies to the heading output.
Before Calibration
Make sure of the following before calibrating the compass:
- MAWS410 system is completely installed and working prior to

compass calibration. See section Checking Operation on page 54.
- The installation plate where QCO201 is attached must be
completely loose (also approximately 0.5 m of loose wire is
needed) before starting the calibration.
- Make sure that the compass is working properly and giving
readings.
Calibration Procedure
NOTE Read the calibration instruction thoroughly before attempting the

calibration procedure.
1. Open the service connection to MAWS410 with a terminal

program.
2. Issue the command: calib ON. At least the latter part of
command must be in CAPITAL letters.
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3. Wait until the text "Compass in calibration mode" appears to the

terminal. If this text does not appear in 10 seconds, rotate the
compass slightly and the text should appear.
4. When the text described in Step 3 appears, do the following just
above the installation arm as close to the installation place as
possible:
- Rotate the compass and installation plate to which the
compass is attached at a reasonably steady speed through 360
degrees. The rotation should include as much stable pitch and
roll swing as possible, for example, ±60°. This process
should take in completion at least one minute for best
accuracy.
0801-029
Figure 35 Rotating Compass
5. After step 4 is completed, issue the command: calib OFF. At

least the latter part of the command must be in CAPITAL
letters.
6. Wait until the text "Compass back in normal mode" appears to
the terminal. If this text does not appear in 10 seconds, rotate the
compass slightly and the text should appear.
7. Calibration is now ready, close the service connection.
8. Complete the compass and GPS installation to the sensor arm by
tightening the installation plate screws.
If the compass "gets stuck" for some reason during the calibration
procedure, switch off the power from the main switch and disconnect
the battery for about 30 seconds, and then switch it on again. Then
restart the calibration procedure from the beginning.
58 __________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A
Routing the Device Cables

Route the device cables down from the top of the mast and attach the
cables to the mast with the cable ties. The recommended distance
between the cable ties is from 30 to 40 cm (11 to 16 in.).
Securing and Protecting the Cables

Protect the cables properly, especially when the cables are attached to
the ship floor and may get walked on.
Near the hinge you should protect the cables with the provided
protective spiral to avoid possible damage to cables when the mast is
tilted and erected.
Closing Enclosure
Close the equipment enclosure door and store the enclosure key in a
safe place.
Disassembly for Transportation

The sensors come in custom shipping containers. The sensors must be
carefully repacked in the containers when preparing for transportation.
It is important to save the containers and all the foam packing for
future transporting or shipping.
CAUTION Never transport the WS425 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor until it is in its
custom shipping container. Otherwise, the warranty will become
void.
CAUTION In the WS425 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor a transducer is located at the

top of each of the three arms. Be careful not to damage any of the
transducers. Dropping the sensor can break or damage the transducer
or the arms will bend and they cannot be re-aligned. Damage can also
be caused if the transducers are twisted (the transducers are not
screwed into the arms).
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Chapter 4 _______________________________________________________ Installing Software
CHAPTER 4
INSTALLING SOFTWARE
This chapter gives instructions for installing the PC software for

Vaisala Maritime System.
Minimum System Requirements

The application can be run in a Windows XP/2000/2003 PC with at
least 512 MB of free memory, 2.0 GHz processor, and a CD drive.
The application requires less than 10 MB of free hard disk space when
operational.
Vaisala Maritime Observation Console is designed to support message

generation for one weather station only. It cannot be used to generate
or edit messages from several stations.
Recommended Operating System Settings

To guarantee the best operation, the following settings should be
checked from the Control Panel before installing software.
NOTE These settings apply to Window XP operating system. In other

operating systems, the instructions may be different.
User Account
The application must be installed to a user account that has
administrative rights on the computer.
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System Time
Usually, the universal coordinated time (UTC) time is used instead of
local time in all meteorological reports. It is recommended that the PC
will be set to UTC time zone, too.
NOTE The AWS and PC clocks have to be on the same time zone.
1. From Control Panel, select Date and Time.
2. Verify that the computer clock is set to UTC time.
3. Check that Time Zone is either Casablanca/ Monrovia or GMT

time without the daylight savings option.
Network Options
Unless otherwise specified, use the default network settings. However,
check the following:
1. In Control Panel, select Network Connections.

2. Select Internet Protocol.
3. Click Properties.
4. In the dialog that opens, make sure that the Obtain IP address
automatically option has been selected. If your network
administrator has provided the PC with a specific IP address,
subnet mask, and default gateway, ensure that they are correctly
configured.
5. See also Chapter 6, Observation Console Administrator's Guide,
on page 81, regarding the configuration and testing of
communications with the automatic weather station.
Keyboard
If the computer keyboard contains special characters that do not
appear on the screen, select local keyboard from Control Panel/
Regional and Language Options / Languages / Details.
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Firewall and Virus Checking

Anti-virus programs should be adjusted so that the installation
directory will not be checked. Firewall should be configured to allow
communications to and from automatic weather station IP address.
Operating System Updates

It is recommended to turn automatic operating system updates off in
the computer. The Vaisala Maritime Observation Console software
has been tested with the latest operating system versions at the time of
shipping. However, future operating system updates might conflict
with the installed software version.
Preparing for installation

- Before you install the software, ensure that the AWS installation
has been completed. You should be able to connect to the AWS
with terminal software (e.g., HyperTerminal) by entering the AWS
ip address. Note that the AWS ip address will be required during
software configuration procedure.
- Microsoft .Net Framework v. 2.0 should be installed on the
computer. Usually, this module comes with the operating system.
However, if the module is missing for some reason, installation of
Vaisala Maritime Observation Console will fail. You can verify
that the .Net Framework has been installed from the Add/Remove
Programs dialog in the Control Panel. In case that the module is
missing, the latest version can be set up from the installation CD.
Installation
Installing Observation Console

software
To install the observation console software, do the following:
1. Insert the installation CD into the PC.

2. Using Windows Explorer, navigate into the setup directory.
Double-click file setup.exe to initiate the setup procedure.
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3. The setup wizard will guide you during the installation. Follow
the instructions of the wizard to complete the setup.
Verification
Open the Operation Console by selecting Start - Programs - Vaisala
- Observation Console from the start menu. The main application
window is displayed on the screen, see Figure 37 on page 69.
After Installation
Minimum Configuration Steps

The software is shipped with a default configuration that corresponds
to the AWS settings and SYNOP/IMMT-3 coding in use. However,
the default configuration may require setting of station-dependent
parameters.
Below is a proposed task list of minimum post-installation

configuration steps.
1. Start the Maritime Observation Console (Start - Programs -

Vaisala - Observation Console).
2. Login as Administrator (see Logging in as Administrator on
page 81.
3. From the View menu, select Settings.
4. A configuration dialog opens. Select the Application tab and
then select the subitem Communications on the left.
5. Depending on your AWS set-up, select either Tcp/Ip or Serial
communications and make sure that the communications
parameters match with the AWS settings.
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Figure 36 Communications settings
6. Using the terminal window, verify that the application starts

receiving data from the AWS. If necessary, adjust the
communications parameters.
7. Click Save to the settings.
Installing AWS Client Software

To install the MAWS terminal software, do the following:
1. Insert the AWS Client installation CD-ROM disc into your CD

drive and select setup.exe.
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Chapter 5 _____________________________________________ Operating Observation Console
CHAPTER 5
OPERATING OBSERVATION CONSOLE
This chapter contains information on viewing meteorological

measurement data and generating meteorological messages FM-13
SHIP and IMMT-3.
Introduction to Vaisala Maritime Observation

Console
Vaisala Maritime Observation Console is a PC software application
for displaying and storing meteorological measurement data.
Operation Console Versions

The full version of the software (AWS400VMOC) also includes
editing meteorological measurement data and generating standard
meteorological messages FM-13 SHIP and IMMT-3.
The light version of the software (AWS400DISP) can be used only as

a real-time weather display.
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Starting and Exiting

See sections Installing Software on page 61 and Minimum
Configuration Steps on page 64.
To open the Vaisala Maritime Observation Console, do the following:
- Select Start - Programs - Vaisala - Observation Console. The

Observation Console weather data display will be displayed.
To exit the Vaisala Maritime Observation Console, do the following:
- In the Observation Console weather data display, select System -

Exit. The software will close and all data logging and message
generation will stop.
NOTE When you select System - Exit the data logging and message
generation will stop.
Weather Data Display

Open the Vaisala Maritime Observation Console from the Start menu
(Vaisala - Observation Console). The main user interface, the real-
time weather display, is displayed, see Figure 37 on page 69.
The display consists of real-time text section on the left and graph
section on the right. For details, see below.
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Figure 37 Observation Console: Real-time Weather Display

1 = Menu bar containing operating commands
2 = Text section showing ship’s position and movement, system
status, and measurements
3 = Relative and true wind displays
4 = Graph section containing configurable graph
5 = Status bar displaying UTC time, current user, and status of
the communications line
Real-time Text Section

The real-time text section has been split into the following three parts:
- Ship: The ship’s position and movement indicators contain data

from the GPS system.
- System: System indicators show AWS date, time and overall
status field. Value “OK” in the system status field indicates that the
AWS and integrated devices are functioning correctly. In case of
component failure, an error code is shown in the status field.
- Measurements: Measurement subsection displays key
meteorological measurements.
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Changing Text Box Settings

All graph settings can be accessed using the right mouse button.
Some settings are available to Administrator only, typically the ones

marked with * in the table below.
Table 4 Text Section Settings (Right-click Menu)

Property Description
Enter text * Change the header texts manually.
Variable* Select variables to display.
Unit* By default, variables are shown in the unit shown in the
variable list. However, it is possible to make unit
conversions on the user interface. The Unit menu item
indicates the possible units into which the value can be
changed. For instance, to display atmospheric pressure
(QFE) in technical mercury inches, click “select unit…” and
choose the last row on the dialog.
Alarm Select when and how an alarm will be issued. You can
configure the user interface to issue an alarm if a value
exceeds a preset limit. In the alarm configuration dialog
(Settings), you can define the alarm variable, limit value,
and alarm reaction: visual indication, sound, and/or log
entry.
Visible Select if the item is displayed or not.
Graph Section
All graph settings can be accessed using the right mouse button.
Table 5 Graph Settings (Right-click Menu)

Mouse Menu Item Description
Variables Select variables to display. The graph supports up
to 6 different variables.
Line Width Select the size of the line that connects the
measurement points.
Marker Size Select the size of the marker dot on top of each
measurement point.
Y-Axis Set manually the Y-axis length.
X-Axis length Set manually the X-axis length.
Time Settings Allows shifting of measurement time (X-coordinate)
by a constant value. This setting can be used to
display graph in local time while having AWS in
UTC time. The setting only affects the graph.
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Wind Display Section

The wind roses displays minimum, maximum, and average wind
values. The variables can be configured using the right mouse button.
The variables can be displayed in various physical units.
Some settings are available to Administrator only, marked with *

below.
Table 6 Wind Display Settings (Right-click Menu)

Mouse Menu Item Description
Variables Select one of the following variable sets to for
display: instant, 2-minute statistics, 10-minute
statistics.
Settings * Edit wind display settings (variable and unit
selection).
System Menu Commands

Most of the System menu commands are for Administrator use only,
marked with * below.
Table 7 System Menu Commands

Set Password * Change the administrator password.
Login as Administrator * Login as administrator.
Logout as Administrator * Logout administrator.
Exit Exits the Operation Console, stops data
logging and message generation.
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View Menu Commands

Some commands are available to Administrator only, typically the
ones marked with * below.
Table 8 View Menu Commands

Settings* Opens a window for configuration settings.
Terminal Opens the Terminal
window that shows the
messages exchanged
between PC and AWS.
See section
Terminal Window on page 73.
Edit Messages (Not available in the light version of the software)
Opens the Message template for viewing, editing,
and sending FM-13 SHIP and IMMT-3 messages.
Message Archive (Not available in the light version of the software)
Opens a window showing all sent messages, stored
in daily files listed on the left of the window. Selecting
a file will display its contents. IMMT-3 messages are
stored in their own archive files.
Data archive Shows data archive made of ASCII log files. Each log
file contains the AWS variables that have been
selected for logging. See Chapter 6, Observation
Console Administrator's Guide, on page 81
Administrator’s guide for data archive settings.
Event Log Opens a window showing application start and stop,
message transmission, and AWS clock
synchronization events. The event log extends to one
month backwards in time. Older events will be
overwritten.
Some special non-printing characters in the

messages have been replaced in the log by visible
characters. ASCII 10 (line feed, new line) is printed
as ‘\r’. ASCII 13 (carriage return) is printed as ‘\n’.
About Shows the Observation Console version, compile
data, start date, and copyright and contact
information.
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Terminal Window
Terminal window can be opened from the View menu. The window
shows the messages exchanged between PC and AWS.
The administrator may configure the connection to open automatically

whenever the application is started. Chapter 6, Observation Console
Administrator's Guide, on page 81.
On the bottom of the window, the AWS communications parameters

are shown. These values can only be changed by Administrator, by
selecting View - Settings - Application - Communications.
If the communication link to the AWS is not working, it can be

initiated by clicking the Connect button. The connection should open
within a few seconds.
The connection remains open as long as the application is kept

running or it is manually closed down by the user by pressing the
Disconnect button. If the connection is temporarily broken (e.g. by
disconnecting the communications cable for a while), it will
automatically resume after a few seconds.
The terminal window does not allow direct user-typed input from the
keyboard.
0801-030
Figure 38 Terminal Window
The terminal menu settings are presented in Table 10 on page 74.
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Table 9 Terminal Window Connection Menu

Connect Opens connection to the AWS.
Disconnect Closes connection to the AWS.
Capture The submenu commands of Capture can be used to
make a capture log of the terminal window. These
menu items only become visible when the connection
has been opened.
Table 10 Terminal Window Command Menu

Synchronize clocks Immediately synchronizes AWS clock with PC clock.
Synchronize Sets following AWS parameters: station name,
parameters station altitude, pressure sensor height.
Reset AWS Resets AWS immediately.
Message Template User Interface

The Message template used for generating standard meteorological
messages FM-13 SHIP and IMMT-3 is presented in Figure 39 on page
75.
The Message template is only available in the full version of the

software. The light version does not include message sending and
editing. See section Operation Console Versions on page 67.
To open the Message template in the Observation Console main

window, select View - Edit Messages.
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Figure 39 Message Template

1 = Message header shows bulletin header and section 0 of the
coded message FM-13.
2 = Editing area contains data entry components, divided into
several tab pages.
3 = Data entry components include pull-down lists, data boxes
and read-only text boxes.
4 = Coded message display shows the FM-13 message body in
the coded form. Note that IMMT-3 message can only be
viewed from the message archive (View / Message Archive).
5 = FM-13 messages can be marked with correction indicator
(“CCx”) using the controls on the middle of the lower part of
the screen.
6 = Messages can be sent manually by pressing the Send button.
7 = Information message display shows system responses to user
actions and informative messages of automatic events.
8 = Information box shows editing start time, next transmission
time, remaining editing time and the measurement time
(nominal observation time).
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Editing Area
The editing area consists of several tab pages, containing
measurement values related to each other.
The tab pages have been designed so that editable values can be
changed by mouse only, using either list boxes, tables, or similar
components. You can fill in the values in any order.
Editing Message Contents

When editing a field, the application will only accept values that
follow WMO standards related to the field. The pull down lists and
tables only contain valid values. Moreover, there are a number of
constraints that prevent the user from entering invalid values.
For WMO standards. see Appendix A, FM-XII 13 SHIP Message

Groups, on page 191 and Appendix B, IMMT-3 Message Groups, on
page 201.
For instance, the value of total cloud coverage (N) must be a valid
integer from 0 to 9 or solidi (slash or ‘/’). The entered value will be
checked for errors whenever you select a new value from the user
interface. Erroneous input is displayed with an exclamation mark in
small round circle and error text. The program will keep the focus in
the invalid value until you enter a valid value.
An erroneous input can always be replaced by a missing value,

indicated by solidi (‘/’) in the list. If keyboard is available, pressing
the Esc button will undo the changes.
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Figure 40 Feedback from an invalid data entry value
Sending Messages
The application automatically sends the message, using the timing
values defined in the configuration settings.
In addition, you have the option of sending manually the message by

pressing Send button. In this case, the automatic message will not be
sent.
Corrected Messages
A message can be marked as “corrected” by activating the option box
in the bottom center of the screen. The appropriate WMO code
(“CCA”, “CCB”, …) will be appended to the header of all corrected
messages. The last character of the code will change by pressing the
“Corr” button. Corrected messages can only be sent before the full
hour.
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Automatic Functionalities
The Observation Console contains the following automatic
functionalities:
Automatic Connection
The application can be configured to open connection to AWS
automatically.
Real-time Display
All AWS data is displayed on the real-time display.
AWS Clock Synchronization

Once per day, the application synchronizes AWS clock using the PC
clock as reference.
Data Logging
Aws data will be stored in ASCII files according to administrator’s
settings.
Message Logging
All generated messages will be stored in ASCII files. This
functionality is not available in the light version of the software. Note
that the messages may be forwarded to an external location (other PC
or data logger).
Event Logging
All key events will be stored in a history log.
Automatic Screenshots
If automatic screenshots are enabled, the application stores a
screenshot of the main window in .jpg format. The file can be used by
external applications that need to access the real-time display data.
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Message Generation
Message generation is available only in the full version of the
software, see section Operation Console Versions on page 67.
Vaisala Maritime Observation Console and the AWS have been

designed to work together to complete the observation recording and
message generation phases. The process can be broken down in the
following main steps:
1. The process starts when the application resets the message

template, clearing all manually entered values. By default, this
step takes place 5 minutes before full hour.
2. The observer may now enter manual observation values (e.g.
cloud and visibility data).
3. At full hour, automatic sensor readings are received from the
AWS. Using latest sensor readings, the AWS calculates of all
necessary synoptic variables and generates automatic FM-13
and IMMT-3 messages. These messages are complete except for
the manual data.
4. Using the View - Edit messages dialog, the user may enter
manual data.
5. Next, one of the following events takes place:
- Either the observer manually sends the message,
- or the message will be sent automatically, if no user action is
taken.
Once sent, the message is stored in the hard disk and forwarded
to other PC and/or data logger.
6. The AWS routes the message from the PC to the final

destination.
7. After the message has been sent, the user may send corrected
messages until the next message generation cycle starts.
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0801-031
Figure 41 Timing Diagram
If the user does not make any changes to the message, the application
returns a message identical to the one generated by the AWS.
If the Observation Console application is closed or the PC

malfunctions, the AWS will send the automatically generated message
(step 1).
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Chapter 6 ____________________________________ Observation Console Administrator's Guide
CHAPTER 6
OBSERVATION CONSOLE
ADMINISTRATOR'S GUIDE
This chapter provides you with information on configuring all settings

in the software.
User Accounts
General
Vaisala Observation Console supports two separate user accounts:
- When the user is logged in as administrator, he can change all

configuration settings and use all functions in the application.
- When the user is logged in as observer, the configuration settings
cannot be modified.
Normally, users log in as observers, as the configuration settings need
not be modified after initial installation. The administrator’s account is
protected by password.
Logging in as Administrator
When the application is started, the user is automatically given the
observer role. To log on as administrator, do the following:
1. Select Login as administrator from the System menu.

2. Enter the password in the dialog that opens.
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NOTE After initial setup, administrator’s password is empty.
3. Once the password has been verified, the configuration dialog

(View - Settings) can be accessed.
Changing Administrator’s
Password
Only administrator can alter the password:
1. From the System menu, select Set Password.

2. Enter the new password, confirm, and click OK.
NOTE If you forget the password, the application has to be reinstalled to

regain access as administrator.
Logging in as Observer
The observer account is activated by default at startup. To switch back
from administrator into observer account without restarting the
application, select Logout as Administrator from the System menu.
General Definitions
The following definitions will be helpful in configuring the
application:
AWS Variable
An "AWS variable" refers to an input value from the AWS. The
message sent by the AWS contains a number of AWS variables,
which will be processed by in the console. Note that the AWS
variables may not be direct sensor readings. Instead, they have been
processed by the data logger application.
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Observation Variable
An "Observation variable" refers to a field in the coded
(Synop/IMMT-3) message.
As an example, a pressure sensor may output the instantaneous values

of measured atmospheric pressure. The AWS receives these values
and calculates the one minute average, reduced to sea-level (e.g. 990.3
hPa). The observation value is the coded form of this value (9903).
Observation Time Window

"Observation Time Window" refers to the time interval during which
the observer should append manual observations to the message. By
default, the observation time window covers starts at 5 minutes before
full hour and ends at 5 minutes past full hour (see following figure).
Observation Time
"Observation Time" refers to the nominal observation time, e.g. every
full hour.
Figure 42 Timing of Events
CAUTION The default settings have been tested at factory to match with the
AWS configuration. Use caution when changing the settings.
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Configuration Settings
All important configuration settings can be accessed from the menu
item View - Settings. The configuration screen (the Settings window)
consists of two main parts:
- General tab: general settings
- Application tab: application settings
General Settings
General settings fall into three different categories: Ship, Message,
and Variables. To configure a general setting, do the following:
1. Select the General tab on the left side of the screen.

2. Select the category (for example, Message).
3. Make the selections on the right side of the screen. Enter the
new values in the box.
The dialog verifies all entered values and only accepts formally
correct values (for example, numeric values for latitude and
longitude, two-digit number for WMO block code, etc.).
4. All settings will be taken into use when you close the dialog.
However, to save the settings permanently, click the Save
button.
General Settings - Ship

The Ship category of the General tab consists of the following:
Table 11 General Settings - Ship

Sea station identification (ship call Element 42 in IMMT-3 message. Indicates the observation ship.
sign) Maximum length is seven characters.
Country Element 43 in IMMT-3 message. Indicates the country which
has recruited the observing ship. Valid values are two-character
codes assigned by International Organization for
Standardization (ISO).
National Use Element 44 in IMMT-3 message. Maximum length is one
character.
Cargo - Maximum height… Element 90 in IMMT-3 message. Maximum height in meters of
deck cargo above Summer maximum load line.
Cargo - Sign of departure of … Element 91 in IMMT-3 message (character 143).
Consider the difference positive when the Summer maximum
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load line is above the level of the sea and negative if below the
water line.
Cargo - Departure of reference Element 91 in IMMT-3 message (characters 144 and 145).
level… Departure of reference level (metres) (Summer maximum load
line) from actual sea level.
General Settings - Message

These options are not available in the light version of the software, see
section Operation Console Versions on page 67.
The Message category of the General tab consists of the following:
Table 12 General Settings - Message

Message - Message generation If checked, the application will generate FM-13 and IMMT-3
enabled messages. This selection can be unchecked if the
application is to be used as a ship AWS real-time display
only.
Message - Message interval Defines the interval (hours) between consecutive messages.
Message timing - 1st box Minutes before or after full hour at which message will be
sent automatically.
Message timing - 2nd box Earliest time (minutes) to send a report.
Message timing - 3rd box Latest time to send a delayed report.
Coding - Wind Speed list Indicates value of iW in FM-13 and IMMT-3 messages. By
default, the AWS sends wind speed values in knots.
Coding - Use code table... WMO code table 4377 (visibility) contains two sequences of
numbers. Values 0 .. 89 can be used if visibility is to be
measured using automatic sensors, values 90..99 are
intended for manual visibility evaluation.
Transmission - Do not send groups… Do not send groups containing only ‘/’ characters. If this
option is cleared, FM-13 message may include groups with
no data (“/////”).
Transmission - Do not send optional.. Do not send groups containing only ‘/’ characters. If this
option is cleared, FM-13 message may include optional
groups with no data (“/////”).
Bulletin - Geographical... Bulletin field A1A2 for FM-13 messages (Geographical data
type / time designator as defined in Wmo manual 386).
Bulletin 2 - Originating station... Bulletin field CCCC for FM-13 messages (Originating station
location indicator).
Bulletin 3 - Distribution designator (ii) Bulletin field ii for FM-13 messages (Distribution designator).
This field is used to differentiate two or more bulletins which
contain data in the same code, originate from the same
geographical area, and have the same originating center.
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General Settings – Variables

This section of parameters shows the data of the AWS variables. For
each variable, the following columns are listed:
Table 13 General Settings - Variables

Column Description
Select Select the variable for actions.
Name Unique identifier for the variable in the AWS message.
Base Unit Indicates either the unit of the measured variable, or the
WMO code table for the variable (when applicable).
Display Unit Indicates the displayed unit of the variable.
Min Minimum value for the AWS variable. This parameter is
used in the real-time display. Variables below this value
can still be used in the message generation.
Max Maximum value for the AWS variable. This parameter is
used in the real-time display. Variables above this value
can still be used in the message generation.
Timeout Time (in seconds) after which a user interface element
(text box, wind display element) indicates that the
variable is missing, if no new value has been received
from the AWS. Note that the timeout should be at least as
big as is the interval between two AWS messages.
Description Free description of the variable. This text appears in the
real-time display screen.
The values in the following columns can be changed: Min, Max,

Description, and Timeout. The changes will affect the real-time
display, not the coded message. The user can add rows for the real-
time display and delete the added rows only.
With the Export command you can save the variables as a text file,
for example, for troubleshooting purposes.
Application Settings
Application settings fall into three different categories:
Communications, Data Processing, and Other. To configure an
application setting, do the following:
1. Select the Application tab on the left side of the screen.

2. Select the category (for example, Communications).
3. Make the selections on the right side of the screen. Enter the
new values in the box.
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The dialog verifies all entered values and only accepts formally
correct values.
4. All settings will be taken into use when you close the dialog.
However, to save the settings permanently, click the Save
button.
Application Settings - Communications

The Communications dialog of the Applications tab can be used to
select the data input type and the related parameters.
First, you should select the communications type: Serial or Tcp/Ip

type communications. Then, fill in the details of each communication
type.
On the bottom of the screen, you may activate two types of timeout
procedures:
- Enable Variable timeouts (see General Settings - Variables) can

be selected to indicate the user a missing variable value.
- If Enable connection timeout is selected, the application will
automatically close and re-open the connection if no data at all has
been received from AWS within the specified time. This setting
should be enabled at least in all tcp/ip type connections.
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Application Settings – Data Processing

The Data Processing category of the Application Settings contains the
following:
Log Groups can be utilized to store received data in ASCII files. A

log group may contain one or more AWS variables. The received
variables will be automatically saved into log files, under the \log
subdirectory. Each group has its own set of files. The application
supports up to five different log groups.
As the AWS may be transmitting variables at different intervals (e.g.

wind message at 3 second intervals and general message at 1 minute
interval), it is recommended that each log group only contains
variables that are received in the same message.
To configure log groups, do the following:
1. First check the Enabled check box.

2. Next, add variables into a group by clicking Select in the group
table. From the dialog that opens, select the variables.
The log files will be named using the log group identifier and
date/time when the configuration settings were made.
The Interval setting defines how often variables are logged. By

default, every time a new variable is received, it will be stored in the
file. Choosing another interval makes the application only to store the
variables after the specified time. The interval setting uses 00:00 h as
its synchronization time. For instance, using 6 h interval would store
data from the first messages received after 00:00, 06:00, 12:00 and
18:00. The Span of log file setting indicates how often a new log file
will be started.
If the Message forwarding setting is enabled, all coded messages will

be transferred immediately to a given location. This setting allows
external software to use the messages as input source.
If the Latest Data Files setting is enabled, the latest data files will be
automatically copied to the given location.
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Application Settings – Other

This dialog contains miscellaneous settings.
If Time synchronization is enabled, the application synchronizes

AWS clock with the PC clock at the given time, once per day.
Start-up actions can be used to reduce manual work when launching

the application. Selecting Log in as administrator automatically
gives all users possibility to change settings. If Open connection
automatically is selected, the user does not need to use terminal
dialog to start receiving data.
If enabled, Automatic screenshot function will save an image of the

main window into a .jpg file at regular intervals. This functionality has
been included to offer simple method of distributing images of real-
time data to other users.
By default, the file is named screenshot.jpg. The user can define the
destination directory and screenshot interval.
System Menu
The System menu is in the Settings window and contains the
following:
Observations - Configuration
Report
To see a summary of the AWS variables used as input to message
variables, select Observations from the System menu. The
Configuration Report window is displayed.
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The configuration report displays the AWS / manual variables that are
used in calculation of each FM-13 / IMMT-3 field.
Table 14 Configuration Report

WMO id Name of the WMO variable.
Length Length of the WMO variable
Input Variable Name of the AWS variable that contains data for the
WMO variable. Manual variables are indicated by (null)
value.
Unit/Code Unit or code table of the WMO variable.
Input decimals Number of expected decimal digits in the input
variable.
Section Section of the WMO variable.
Group Group of the WMO variable.
Description Description of the WMO variable.
Constraints
To see a report displaying the various quality checks that are applied
to user input, select Constraints from the System menu. The
Constraints window is displayed.
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Typically, constraints are simple boolean conditions that must be true

before an Observation value is accepted by the application.
NOTE The program applies some basic checks (e.g. variable length, check
for invalid characters) to all input. These basic quality checks are not
listed in the table.
Constraints fall into following categories:
- Constraints that inform the user about an invalid value. The user
must change the value before it can be used.
- Constraints that include or exclude groups in the message. For
example, if there are no clouds, cloud groups shall not be reported.
- Constraints that automatically set the value of a secondary variable,
as a consequence of the entered value. For instance, if the user
makes manual present weather observations, variable iX may be of
automatically modified.
Settings can be saved into a text file by clicking the Save button. The
report displays the following items:
Table 15 Constraints
On/off Indicates whether the constraint is being applied. Note that
this setting cannot be changed by the user.
Index Unique index of the constraint.
Group Related group.
Observation Related observation variable. A constraint may involve
several observation variables. The constraint is evaluated
when the variable in this column changes.
Constraint Constraint name.
Description Description of the condition(s) and effects of the constraint.
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Chapter 7 ____________________________________________________ Operating AWS Client
CHAPTER 7
OPERATING AWS CLIENT
This chapter provides information on using the AWS Client software.

It is used for downloading data log files to a PC, and for viewing the
files.
Vaisala HydroMet™ Automatic Weather Station Client, or AWS

Client for short, is used for setting station-specific parameters such as
the station name, altitude, pressure sensor height, and sensor-specific
calibration coefficients. In addition, the date and time can be set with
the easy-to-use Station Settings template.
You can browse the data files by downloading them from the logger to
your PC. You can browse them in the AWS Client software or in other
applications. You can define several download settings such as where
you want to save the downloaded files and what operations the
program performs automatically at each download.
Installing AWS Client

To install the MAWS terminal software, do the following:
1. Insert the AWS Client installation CD-ROM disc into your CD

drive and select setup.exe.
Establishing Terminal Connection

To connect your computer to a the QML logger serial port, proceed as
follows:
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1. Connect the provided terminal cable to the Maintenance

terminal connector on the bottom flange of the enclosure and to
an available COM port on your PC. See Figure 43 on page 94.
Figure 43 Connecting Terminal Cable 2/2
2. Start the Terminal program on your PC, as instructed in section

Using Terminal Software on page 95.
3. Set the communication parameters: 9600, N, 8, 1. For more
information, see section Opening Service Connection on page
106.
4. Open the service connection by selecting Terminal Connect on
the Maintenance menu or by clicking the Open command
mode button on the toolbar.
Figure 44 on page 94 shows the pin order for the terminal connector.
Figure 44 Terminal Connector COM0 Pins
The following numbers refer to Figure 44 on page 94.

1 = Not connected
2 = RxD
3 = GND
4 = TxD
5 = Not connected
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Using Terminal Software
Starting and Exiting AWS Client

You can start AWS Client by clicking the Start button and then
selecting Programs - Vaisala - Vaisala AWS Client. AWS Client is
opened with the terminal main window shown in Figure 45 on page
95.
Figure 45 Terminal Main Window
When the service connection is closed, the messages and reports

appear on the main window as shown in Figure 46 on page 96. Some
values are shown as slashes, because they will be calculated from the
measured values later.
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Figure 46 Terminal Showing Report
NOTE The report type and appearance shown in Figure 46 on page 96

depend on your setup.
You can exit AWS Client by selecting the Exit option from the File
menu.
AWS Client Main Window

On top of the main window you can find the AWS Client toolbar. The
toolbar is the quickest way to select functions.
Table 16 Toolbar Icons and Functions

Icon Function Description
Open connection Opens the address book for selecting the
weather station to connect to.
Close current Closes the connection to the QML logger.
connection
Open command Opens the service connection for issuing
mode commands to the QML logger.
Close command Closes the service connection. The terminal
mode window begins to show the messages and
reports configured in the QML logger.
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Upload setup file Selects the new configuration (setup) file you
want to upload and starts uploading.
Download log Selects the data log files you want to
files download and start downloading.
Copy selected Copy the selected text from the terminal
text from terminal window to Windows Clipboard.
window
Clear terminal Clears the commands and responses in the
window terminal window.
Set common Opens the Common Parameters window for
parameters editing and viewing the parameter values.
Set static Opens the Static Parameters window for
parameters editing and viewing the parameter values.
Set manual Opens the Manual Sensors window for
sensor values viewing and setting manual sensor
measurements.
Show system Displays information on the QML logger with
information which the connection has been established.
Defining AWS Client Settings

When you start the software for the first time, you need to define the
settings to be used during download. Use the Settings menu options
for this purpose.
Read Only Mode

Multiple instances of AWS Client can be opened simultaneously.
However, changes to the AWS Client settings can be permanently
saved only from the instance that was started first; all subsequent
instances run in read only mode, and cannot be used for changing
settings.
Address Book
The AWS Client Address Book, shown in Figure 47 on page 98, is
used for storing and maintaining information on connections and their
parameters. The connection parameters to be configured depend on
the connection type: serial line, dial-up connection, or TCP/IP socket
connection. The following sections describe the parameters for each
connection type.
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Figure 47 Address Book Window
Serial Line Connections

To add an Address Book entry for a serial line connection, proceed as
follows:
1. On the Settings menu, select Address Book.

2. Select New. The fields for selecting new connection parameters
are displayed.
3. From the Type list, select the type of the connection; that is,
select Serial Port. The fields for selecting a serial port
connection, shown in Figure 48 on page 99, are displayed.
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Figure 48 Creating Serial Line Address Book Entry
4. In the Name field, enter an alphanumeric string that uniquely

identifies the connection you are creating in the Address Book.
5. If you have multiple QML loggers on the same network, and
you are going to access them over the same serial connection,
you will need a unique identifier for each logger. To uniquely
identify the logger for which you are creating an Address Book
entry, enter a unique alphanumeric string in the Station id field.
If you only have a single logger on the network, you can leave
the Station id entry blank.
6. In the Command wait timeout (ms) field, enter a value in
milliseconds that specifies for how long AWS Client will wait
for the logger to respond when AWS Client sends a requests
over the serial line connection. If the request, for instance, a log
file download, succeeds within the timeout, a success message is
displayed. It the request fails, a failure message is displayed
instead, and you have the option to try again at a later time.
Factors such as the current load on the logger, delays in the
connection, and the response length affect whether or not the
timeout will expire during a request.
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7. From the COM port field, select the serial port to be used on
your computer and the line parameters. The default line
parameters for the QML logger are 9600 bps, No parity bit, 8
data bits, 1 stop bit, No flow control.
8. If you are using a modem to connect to the QML logger, enter
also the Telephone number to dial, the modem Initialization
and Dial commands, and the Hangup command. For instance,
in the Initialization command field you could enter
"ATE\rATX1"; that is, multiple AT commands separated by a
"\r". Likewise, in the Dial-up command field, you could enter
ATDT123456; that is, an AT command immediately followed
by a phone number.
9. Save your settings and return to the Address Book window by
selecting Save.
TCP/IP Socket Connections

To add an Address Book entry for a TCP/IP socket connection,
proceed as follows:

are displayed.
3. From the Type list, select Socket as the connection type. The
fields for selecting the TCP/IP connection parameters, shown in
Figure 49 on page 101, are displayed.
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Figure 49 Creating TCP/IP Socket Connection Address

Book Entry

you are going to access them over the same TCP/IP connection,
However, if you only have a single logger on the network, you
can leave the Station id entry blank.
over the TCP/IP connection. If the request, for instance, a log
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7. In the IP addr./DNS name field, enter the destination IP

address or DNS name in the IP address./DNS name field.
NOTE In order to use the DNS name, must have access to a DNS server able
to resolve the DNS name to the IP address of the destination host.
8. Enter the port to be used in the Port field. Note that this must
match the port set for incoming connections in the interface
configuration in the QML logger.
9. If support for Telnet escape sequences for binary file transfer are
required, select the Telnet option.
selecting Save.
Dial-Up Connections
The dial-up connections are based on Windows Dial-Up Networking
entries, so you first need to create the connection in Windows. For
information on creating Windows Dial-Up Networking connections,
please see the Windows on-line help. To add an Address Book entry
for the dial-up connection, proceed as follows:

are displayed.
3. From the Type list, first select Socket. The field for selecting
Windows Dial-Up Networking entries is available in the
window that is displayed as shown in Figure 50 on page 103.
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Figure 50 Creating Dial-up Connection Address Book

Entry

you are going to access them over the same dial-up connection,
However, if you only have a single logger on the network, you
can leave the Station id entry blank.
over the dial-up connection. If the request, for instance, a log
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7. From the Dial-up modem entry pull-down menu, select an ISP

Name, that is, a Windows Dial-up Networking entry, that you
created as a prerequisite for this address book entry.
selecting Save.
Options Window
The Options window contains general settings for AWS Client. To
open the window, select Options on the Settings menu. The Options
window, shown in Figure 51 on page 104 contains the items listed in
Table 17 on page 105:
Figure 51 Options Window
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Table 17 Settings in AWS Client Options Window
Setting Description
Locale User interface language used in
AWS Client. If AWS Client has not
been localized for the selected
language, the user interface will
remain in English.
Setup file download directory Default download directory for QML
logger setup files. You can either
enter the path for your directory or
select Browse and browse for the
directory.
Setup file upload directory Default upload directory for QML
logger setup files. You can either
enter the path for your directory or
select Browse and browse for the
directory.
PDF reader path Location of the PDF reader on the
workstation on which the AWS Client
is installed. The AWS Client help file
is in PDF format and needs a
reader.
Trace log directory AWS Client logs the information sent
by the QML logger during the
Terminal session to a file. The trace
log directory specifies the location of
the trace log.
Trace log on When checked, the Trace log on
option causes a trace log to be
created. For troubleshooting
purposes, you can, for example, log
your commands and the responses
given by the QML logger.
Sleep commands enabled Enables the Sleep command for
setting the QML logger to a power-
saving mode as well as the Wakeup
command for powering up the logger
after it is put to sleep.
Command line length Maximum length for a command
sent from the command line to the
QML logger. The default value is 80
characters. This can be set to a
smaller value, which, however, must
match the value specified in the
MAWS Lizard setup file on the
logger.
Function Key Mappings The function key mappings can be
used for mapping frequently used
QML logger shell commands to the
function keys on your keyboard.
Example (note the command ends in
a carriage return): SYSINFO<CR>
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Opening Service Connection

Before you can download files or upload the setup file, you need to
open a service connection to the QML logger.
The supported connection types are serial port, TCP/IP socket, and
dial-up using a modem.
AWS Client supports any number of serial ports available in the

computer. The software reads from the registry of the Windows®
operating system which serial ports are installed.
This feature also enables the use of USB to RS-232 converter cables
that are usually installed above any other COM ports installed on a
computer. The COM port number of a converter cable depends on the
system configuration. For example, in a desktop computer with only
two physical COM ports (COM1 and COM2), a converter cable is
installed as COM3.
When reassigning the COM ports after installation, for example, when
changing COM5 to COM4 afterwards, you need to recreate the
address book entry for the modified COM port manually.
To establish a connection to the QML logger, select Connect from the

File menu. You can also click the Open connection icon. The
Address Book window is displayed as shown in Figure 52 on page
107.
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Figure 52 Address Book Window
In the Address Book window, select the address book entry for the
QML logger, and click OK. To open the service connection, select
Terminal Connect on the Maintenance menu or click the Open
command mode button on the toolbar.
NOTE Before connecting, the Password Entry window opens in case you
have set the user level. For more information on setting the user
levels, see section Managing User Levels on page 110.
When the connection is opened, the following text appears on your

screen.
Service connection opened
/>
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Giving Commands
When you have established the connection to the QML logger, you
can use the commands described in Table 30 on page 141 to
communicate with the QML logger. Commands are text strings sent
from the PC or terminal to the logger.
To open the connection, select Terminal Connect on the

Maintenance menu or click the Open command mode button on the
toolbar. To close the terminal connection, select Terminal
Disconnect on the Maintenance menu or click the Close command
mode button on the toolbar. Logging is not affected unless it is
stopped using the logstop command. In the closed mode, the serial
line will be available for report sending.
NOTE Both open and close commands have to be typed exactly correctly
before they can be executed. This means that you cannot use the
BACKSPACE key to correct your typing. Simply retype the
command and press ENTER to give the command again.
Most of the commands can be used for both setting a value for a
parameter and viewing the set value of a parameter.
Type help to get a list of the available commands. Each command

must be entered using the correct syntax. You do not have to
memorize complex commands since you can view a help text that
shows the correct syntax at any time. Simply type help and the
command name.
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Table 18 Interpreting Help Texts (the Correct Syntax)

Generic Example Note
Representation
Use the warnings [clear] To see the warnings, type: Parameters

parameter name warnings shown in [ ] can
be omitted
To remove warnings, type:
warningsclear
Replace time [HH MM SSYY MM DD] To see current time, type:

parameter time
symbols with
values To set new time, type for
example: time15 45 00
To set new time and date,

for example: time15 45 00
07 06 18
loggo <group_id> Parameters

shown in < >
cannot be omitted
NOTE Commands have to be typed in the same case as indicated in the help
texts, usually in lower case.
The command name and the following parameters are always

separated by a space. Pressing ENTER (return) will execute the
command so that the QML logger reads the typed command.
You can use BACKSPACE to delete the last typed character.
Use CTRL+P (hold down the CTRL key and press P) to repeat the
previously typed command. Use CTRL+P (Previous) and CTRL+N
(Next) to scroll through the list of previously typed commands. When
you find the command you would like to repeat, simply press
ENTER. File commands (dir, del, copy, move, verify) can be
aborted with CTRL+C.
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Closing Service Connection

Disconnecting a connection to a QML logger normally closes the
service connection as well. If your connection to the QML logger
works via a modem, remember to close the line after you finish
working with the logger. To close the connection, choose Disconnect
from the File menu.
If your connection to the QML logger is direct, you are recommended

to close the service connection by entering the close command or
selecting Terminal Disconnect on the Maintenance menu. The
program closes the service connection automatically after 5 minutes.
Managing User Levels

You can use the userlevel command to protect the system from
unauthorized use. The system provides three password-protected
access levels to the shell commands as well as to the visibility of
system data. By default, the user levels are not in use.
CAUTION Improper use of the userlevel command may lead to malfunction of

the QML logger.
You can manage user levels with the userlevel command when the
service connection is open. The command has the following syntax:
userlevel [level <set/clear>]
where
level = 1, 3, or 5
set = Sets the password for a level
clear = Clears the password from a level
To check the current setting, give the command alone, without

parameters. When you want to change the level, give the command
with parameters. When you change the level to a higher one, a
password is required. When you change the level to a lower one, a
password is not required.
To change the password for the level, give the command with the
appropriate level and the set parameter. For this operation, the user
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level has to be the highest, that is, 5. The new password is effective
immediately.
To remove the password for the level, give the command with the
appropriate level and the clear parameter. For this operation, the
effective user level has to be the highest, that is, 5. The new password
is effective immediately.
CAUTION Setting a new or clearing an existing user level is effective only after
a reset. When setting a new level or clearing an existing one, be sure
to reset the system before closing the service connection. Otherwise,
you may not be able to access the system without a cold reset.
To check the allowed commands at a specific level, give the help

command. Table 19 below lists the accessible commands in the
different user levels. Level 1 provides access to the minimum set of
commands and visibility of system parameters. Level 3 provides
access to all commands needed for normal administration and
commissioning. Level 5 provides access to all commands. For
command reference, see Table 30 on page 141.
Table 19 Accessible Commands in Different User Levels

User Level Commands
Userlevel 1 cd, copy, dir, errors, help, logshow, logshownext,
logshowprev, logstatus, rep, warnings, and zs
Userlevel 3 EXTFS, LOGFS, altitude, battery, cd, chmod, copy, del,
dir, errors, ftp, help, ipconfig, logdel, loggo, logshow,
logshownext, logshowprev, logstatus, logstop, md,
move, net, netif, ntp, paramset, paramsetclear, ping,
pslevel, rd, rep, reset, serial, sname, spclear, spset,
time, timezone, verify, warnings, winddircal0, zr, and zs
Userlevel 5 All the userlevel 3 commands and the userlevel
administrator rights
Modifying Station Settings

With AWS Client, you can modify the station settings. When you
select the Parameters - Common option from the Settings menu, the
Common Parameters window is displayed as shown in Figure 53 on
page 112. Table 20 on page 112 lists the items that can be changed.
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Figure 53 Station Settings Window
Table 20 Station Settings Window

Item Description
Station name You can define a name for your weather station
Altitude (m) Enter the altitude of the weather station from sea level
in meters
Pressure sensor Height of the pressure sensor on the mast in meters
level (m)
Battery capacity Enter the capacity of the optional internal battery
(Ah) QMB101 in Ah. Note that this value is set to zero when
high capacity backup batteries are included in the
delivery, which normally is the case with the
HydroMet™ systems. If your QML logger does not
include an internal battery, this field displays the text No
battery.
Setting the QML Logger Clock

With AWS Client, you can either set the clock and timezone of the
QML logger manually, or you can synchronize the logger clock with
the clock on your PC. To set the QML logger clock, proceed as
follows:
1. On the Maintenance menu, select Synchronize Clock. The Set

Logger Time window, shown in Figure 54 on page 113, is
displayed.
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Figure 54 Set Logger Time Window
2. If you want to set the time manually, select the Set time option
and enter the new time in that field; to synchronize the QML
logger clock with your PC, select Use PC time.
3. If you want to set the time zone manually, select the Set time
zone option and select your time zone; to synchronize the QML
logger time zone with your PC, select Use PC time zone. The
time zone is defined as a difference from UTC time; for
example, for eastern United States in the winter, the time zone
would be -05:00.
4. Set the QML logger clock by selecting Set Time.
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Changing Static Parameters

The value of a static parameter can be changed in the AWS Client
Static Parameters window. The window shows a hierarchical list of
all parameters and their values, also those that have been set directly
with AWS Client software; see Figure 55 on page 114. To change the
value of a static parameter, proceed as follows:
1. Start AWS Client and connect to the QML logger.

2. On the Settings menu, select Parameters - Static.
3. Expand the list for the parameter set whose parameters you want
to change by clicking the plus sign next to the parameter set
name.
Figure 55 Static Parameters Window
4. Select the parameter whose value you want to change. For the
selected parameter, AWS Client displays the name, type, value,
and status of the parameter.
5. To change the parameter value, select Edit
6. Enter the new parameter value in the Value field.
7. Click Save to store the new parameter value. You can change
the values of further parameters in the same manner.
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Calibrating Sensors
For calibrating the sensors with the AWS Client software, use the
Calibration window as shown in Figure 56 on page 115. The window
shows a list of measurements available for calibration.
NOTE There are two ways to calibrate a sensor with AWS Client: via the
graphical user interface and via the command line interface. While
the command line option is available for all sensors, the graphical
user interface is limited to the following sensors: wind sensor
WMS302, solar radiation sensors CM6B/CM11 (older models),
CMP6/CMP11 (current models with enhanced sensitivity), QMS101,
QMS102, QMN101 and LI200.
Figure 56 Calibration Window
The available calibration methods are offset calibration and manual

calibration. In offset calibration, you can change the offset value of the
measurement by entering a new value for the sensor reading, and the
offset value is changed accordingly. Offset calibration may be useful,
for example, if you have a reference sensor providing a measurement
based on which you want to calibrate the sensor connected to your
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weather station. In manual calibration, you can change the offset and
gain values directly by entering the new values to be used for the
measurement.
NOTE Sensors with their own measurement interfaces and algorithms, for
example ceilometers, lightning detectors, or present weather
detectors, and manual sensors do not appear in the sensor list in the
Calibration view.
The windows for offset and manual calibration are shown in Figure 57
on page 118 and Figure 58 on page 119, respectively.
The fields displayed in the calibration windows and their uses are
outlined in Table 21 on page 116.
Table 21 Fields in Calibration Window

Field Description Input
Sensor Sensor name as n/a

defined in the QML
logger setup
Channel Measurement channel n/a
of the sensor
ID Measurement identifier n/a
Status Sensor status n/a
Offset Offset for the sensors Overwrites the old offset value with
the new one.
Value Last measured sensor Overwrites the sensor reading with
reading shown in the entered value, that is, changes
physical units the offset of the measurement
Factor Measurement gain for Overwrites the old gain value with
the sensors. the new one.
NOTE New sensor calibration values are taken into use in the QML logger
after a reset with, for example, the Reset command. For further
information on resetting the QML logger, see section Resetting the
QML Logger on page 139.
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Sensor Status List

Table 22 Sensor Status List
Value Description Notes
0 Sensor is working properly (OK)
1 Not measured yet
1
2 Interface is not initialized
1
3 Communication timeout has occurred
1
4 Unknown data is received
5 Communication is functioning, but the sensor reports 1
errors. Use sensor's own service interface to find out
the cause.
1
6 Sensor communication is paused because service
connection is opened
1
7 Message sequence numbers are overlapping in the
Autotrac satellite transceiver interface
8 ... 19 Not available
2
20 Excitation failure is caused by overload in the
excitation output
21 The input voltage is out of range or the A/D conversion 2
has failed due to an internal error
2
22 Sensor is disconnected or the connection cables are
broken
2
23 Sensor output exceeds the min/max limits defined in
the Measurements view
24 Change in sensor output has exceeded the maximum 2
step defined in the Measurements view
2
25 An internal configuration error has occurred
2
26 Error in reference measurement, which is usually
caused by damaged sensor/logger or electrical
interference
2
27 Internal voltage error occurred or the logger is
damaged
2
28 PMT16 calibration data error
2
29 Data is invalid for unspecified reason
30 The measurement or the sensor has been manually
disabled
99 Sensor status is not supported
1
Value is available only for sensors with a serial interface.
2
Value is available only for sensors with a conventional, that is, analog or
counter/frequency interface.
Offset Calibration
1. On the Settings menu, select Calibration. The list of
measurements available for calibration is displayed.
2. Select the measurement you want to calibrate from the list.
3. Click Offset Calibration.
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4. The Offset Calibration view shown in Figure 57 on page 118is

displayed with information on the measurement and its
calibration. The Value field shows the latest measurement value
obtained from the sensor.
Figure 57 Offset Calibration Window
5. Enter the new value for the measurement in the Value field and
select Calibrate. The offset value for the measurement is
adjusted accordingly: if, for example, you are calibrating a
temperature measurement, and the value obtained from the
sensor is 23 °C, entering 24 in the Value field will change the
offset of the measurement to be 1 °C.
NOTE The measurement values obtained from the sensors in the Offset
Calibration view are not updated automatically. To get the latest
measurement values, select the Refresh button. The values you have
changed in the Offset Calibration view but have not yet sent to the
QML logger by selecting Calibrate are displayed in bold.
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Manual Calibration
1. On the Settings menu, select Calibration.
2. The list of measurements available for calibration is displayed.
Select the measurement you want to calibrate from the list.
3. Select Manual Calibration. The Manual Calibration Window
shown in Figure 58 on page 119 is displayed with information
on the measurement and its calibration. The Offset field shows
the offset for the measurement. The Factor field shows the gain
of the measurement; that is, the slope of the conversion curve.
Figure 58 Manual Calibration Window
4. Enter the new value for the offset in the Offset field and the new
value for the calibration factor (gain) in the Factor field. If you
do not want to change either the offset or the gain, leave that
field unchanged.
5. The Factor parameter has sensor dependent use. It affects the
gain of the measurement or the sensitivity of the radiation
sensors. To calibrate radiation sensors QMN10x and QMS10x
with the QML logger, enter the sensor dependent sensitivity
factor [V/Wm-2], which is given in the type sticker or calibration
sheet of the particular sensor. To calibrate other listed sensors,
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enter the gain of the measurement, that is, the slope of the
conversion curve.
6. Calibrate the sensor by selecting Calibrate.
NOTE The values you have changed in the Manual Calibration window
but have not yet sent to the QML logger by selecting Calibrate are
displayed in bold. You can obtain the current Offset and Factor
values again from the QML logger by selecting the Refresh button.
NOTE New sensor calibration values are taken into use in the QML logger
after a reset with, for example, the Reset command. For further
information on resetting the QML logger, see section Resetting the
QML Logger on page 139.
Downloading Setup Files from QML

Logger
With AWS Client, you can download the setup file currently in use in
the QML logger. This can be useful for troubleshooting purposes. To
download the setup file currently in use in the QML logger, proceed
as follows:
1. On the Maintenance menu, select Setup File and then

Download from Logger.
2. Select the folder to which the setup file is downloaded. The
default folder is the one specified in the AWS Client Options
window. Note that the name for the setup file that used in the
QML logger.
3. Downloading the setup file from the QML logger will start; you
can follow the download process in the window displayed (see
Figure 59 on page 121).
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Figure 59 Setup File Download Progress View
Data Logging
Logging means storing the measured and calculated data in the QML
logger internal memory, that is, to a Flash chip with a data storage
capacity of 1.6 MB. Additionally, you can use an external memory
card. For more information, see section Using External Memory Card
on page 137. From the internal and external memory, logged data can
be retrieved later, for example, via a serial line.
Logged data is stored in the daily files, for example, L2070326.dat,

which is a binary file. The naming convention is as follows:
- All log files begin with the name of the log group. The log group
name consists of a letter followed by a number, that is, L0, L1, L2,
L3, and so on.
- The log group name is followed by the date in the YYMMDD
format.
NOTE The QML logger uses UTC time in data logging and managing log
files, not the local time.
In its Flash memory, the QML logger can log everything it measures
and calculates. The approximate log memory capacity can be checked
and also printed in the Setup information window Lizard Setup
Software when a setup is created. The approximate maximum logging
period for a setup where 10 measured values are logged is shown in
Table 23 below.
Table 23 Log Memory Capacity

Logging Interval Maximum Logging Period
1 second 5 hours
10 seconds Over 2 days
1 minute 2 weeks
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10 minutes Over 4 months

1 hour Almost 2 years
Log files are automatically deleted after a given period, so that there is
always a certain amount of logged data saved in the Flash memory.
The period is adjustable in the setup and can vary from 0 (= at
midnight, the previous day's file will be deleted to free up memory) to
never delete (=log memory will be filled up completely). To ensure
some data backup, for example, a value of 4 days is feasible. If the
delete interval is set negative with Lizard Setup Software, the old log
files will not be deleted automatically.
Log Data Format

A log entry is generated at the time defined in the setup file. When
entries are retrieved with the logshow command, the produced output
includes two parts: the header and the log entry information.
In Figure 60 below, the example of a log query shows 10 entries of

logged items 1 and 2 starting at midnight on February 27, 2008.
Figure 60 Output of Logshow Command
The header information shows the variable name

(WindSim:outputVar1 and WindSim:outputVar2).
The log entry information includes the time tag, that is, date and time
of the entry, the status, and the value of the logged measurement or
calculation.
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Table 24 Log Entry Status

Status Indicator Status Description
-I----- Invalid Value may be outside the set
scale; that is, the set
climatological limits or step
change validation
-I--N- Invalid; not available No measurements done yet
V----- Valid (normal) Measurement or calculated
value available normally
Controlling Logging
Logging is automatically on if it has been defined in the setup and if it
has not been stopped. Logging is automatically stopped when the log
file is retrieved with AWS Client terminal software. When the
download is completed, logging is activated again automatically.
When a sensor is replaced, stopping is not necessary if some invalid

log items can be tolerated.
To see the logging groups, type logstatus. To see the current logging
status of a certain group, type logstatus <group_id>. To stop or start
the logging of a certain group, type logstop/loggo <group_id>. For the
output of the commands, see Figure 61 on page 124.
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Figure 61 Output of the Logstatus Command
Freeing Up Logging Space

A log file can be deleted with the logdel command:
logdel <group_id> <lastdate (YYMMDD)>
where
logdel = Command to delete log files belonging to certain

log group
group_id = Name of the log group, that is, L0, L1, L2, or so on
YYMMDD = Date until which the log files will be deleted
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Example:
/ > logdel L2 d070910
To erase all data in the log system, type LOGFSERASE. This

command erases the whole Flash memory and resets the QML logger.
The command LOGFSERASE is necessary to free space for new log
data.
CAUTION Erasing the log memory with LOGFSERASE command is strongly

recommended when changing a setup. First, load a new setup and
make sure it is operating correctly. Check that you have retrieved all
the necessary information from the log memory, and then erase the
log memory.
Working with Data Log Files

To view the logged data, you first need to open the service connection,
download the files from the QML logger to your PC and convert them
to CSV (Comma Separated Value) format. After the conversion, you
can view the files, for example, in Microsoft Excel.
Before you start downloading files, you need to open a connection to

the QML logger by selecting the Connect option from the File menu
or clicking the Open connection button on the toolbar. For more
information on opening the connection, see section Opening Service
Connection on page 106.
Selecting Files for Downloading

When you have opened the service connection, you need to select the
data log files you want to download. Choose the Log Files -
Download from Logger option from the Maintenance menu. The
Log File Download window is displayed as shown in Figure 62 on
page 126.
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Figure 62 Select Log Files for Download Window
In the Select log files to download list, you see all data log files
currently available. The files are arranged by log group. Each log
group includes specific parameters as defined in the setup file. If you
use an external memory card, select the External option and, if
required, enter the directory to use on the external memory card.
Select the files you want to download by clicking them on the list. To
select multiple consecutive files, click the first file in the list, press
and hold down the SHIFT key, and then click the last item. To select
files that are not consecutive, press and hold down the CTRL key, and
then click each item. To select all files on the list, press CTRL+A.
If you decide not to download a file after all, you can remove its
selection clicking on the file name.
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Downloading Log Files

To download log files from the QML logger, proceed as follows:
1. On the Maintenance menu, select Log File and then Download

from Logger. The list of log files available for downloading in
the QML logger is displayed (see Figure 63 on page 127). The
files are arranged by log group. Each log group includes specific
parameters as defined in the setup file. If you use an external
memory card, select the External option and, if required, enter
the directory to use on the external memory card.
Figure 63 List of Log Files Available for Downloading
2. Select the files you want to download by clicking them on the

list. To select multiple consecutive files, click the first file in the
list, press and hold down the SHIFT key, and then click the last
item. To select files that are not consecutive, press and hold
down the CTRL key, and then click each item. To select all files
on the list, press CTRL+A. Select the files you want to
download by selecting the file name in the Select files to
download list. If you decide not to download a file after all, you
can remove its selection clicking on the file name.
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3. Select the folder for storing the downloaded log files by entering
the path in the Log File Storage Directory field. You can also
select Browse and then browse for the folder for storing the
downloaded log files.
4. To set your download options, select Settings. The Log File
Download Settings window shown in Figure 64 on page 128 is
displayed.
Figure 64 Log File Download Settings Window
NOTE The date and time formats in the converted log files depend on the
date and time formats specified in the AWS Client language options.
5. The options available in the window and their use are described
in Table 25 on page 128.
Table 25 Log File Download Options
Option Description
Convert to CSV Converts downloaded log files to CSV format
Merge log files of same Merges log files from different dates belonging to
group the same log group. In order to use this option,
the Convert to CSV option must be selected.
Delete local file after Deletes downloaded binary log files after they
conversion have been converted to CSV format. In order to
use this option, the Convert to CSV option must
be selected.
Separate date and time Converts the date and time string in the log file
columns into separate columns for the date and time of the
log entries. In order to use this option, the
Convert to CSV option must be selected.
Remote File - Delete Deletes the downloaded log file from the QML
after download logger after it has been downloaded. Selecting
this option will conserve storage space on the
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QML logger.
Overwrite If a log file with the same name already exists in
the log file download folder on your PC,
overwrites the existing file with the new file
Skip If a log file with the same name already exists in
the log file download folder on your PC, skips the
new file with the same name when downloading
Stop downloading Stops downloading the selected log files if a log
file with the same name already exists in the log
file download folder on your PC
NOTE Download settings are stored on your PC, so any future downloads
will automatically use the same settings.
6. Save your download options and return to the log file selection
window by selecting Save.
7. Start downloading the log files by selecting Download. A
download progress dialog is displayed (see Figure 65 on page
129). If you want to cancel the download, select Cancel. When
the files have been downloaded, you can close the download
progress window and return to the main menu window by
selecting Close. The downloaded log files are located in the
folder defined in the Log File Storage Directory field.
Figure 65 Log File Download Progress View
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Converting Downloaded Log Files

to CSV Format
You can use the CSV conversion functionality to convert log files
downloaded to AWS Client in binary format to CSV format.
NOTE The date and time formats in the converted log files depend on the
date and time formats specified in the AWS Client language options.
To convert downloaded log files, proceed as follows:
1. On the Maintenance menu, select Log File and then Convert.

The list of log files downloaded to AWS Client is displayed as
shown in Figure 66 on page 130.
Figure 66 List of Log Files Available for Conversion
2. Select the log file conversion source folder by selecting Browse

in the Conversion Source frame and then browsing for the
folder containing the log files to convert.
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3. Select the log file conversion target folder by entering the path
in the Conversion Target field. You can also select Browse and
then browse for the target folder.
4. Select the files you want to convert by clicking them on the list.
To select multiple consecutive files, click the first file in the list,
press and hold down the SHIFT key, and then click the last file.
To select files that are not consecutive, press and hold down the
CTRL key, and then click each item. To select all files on the
list, press CTRL+A. If you decide not to convert a file after all,
you can remove its selection clicking on the file name.
5. To set your conversion options, select Settings. The Log File
Conversion Settings window shown in Figure 67 on page 131
is displayed.
Figure 67 Log File Conversion Settings
6. The options available in the window and their use are described
in Table 26 on page 131.
Table 26 Log File Conversion Options
Option Description
Merge log files of same Merges log files from different dates belonging to
group the same log group
Delete local file after Deletes downloaded binary log files after they
conversion have been converted to CSV format
Separate date and time Converts the date and time string in the log file
columns into separate columns for the date and time of the
log entries
NOTE CSV conversion settings are stored on your PC, so any future CSV
conversions will automatically use the same settings.
7. Save your conversion options and return to the log file selection
window by selecting Save.
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8. Convert the selected files to CSV format by selecting Convert.

The converted log files are located in the folder specified in the
Conversion Target field.
Auto Downloading Log Files

You can run the AWS Client terminal program in auto-download
mode. This mode allows you to download log files automatically
according to a user-defined schedule.
Before you change the application to the auto-download mode, a

schedule must be defined. This is done in the window appearing when
selecting Settings - Auto Download. The Auto Download Settings
window is shown in Figure 68 on page 133.
In the Auto Download Settings window, you can define which

station to connect to, when, and which log files to download, and
where to store them.
NOTE To enable auto downloading you must have AWS Client running
continuously. In addition, if you are using a serial line connection, the
COM port must be free and assigned for AWS Client.
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Figure 68 Auto Download Settings Window
The options available in the window and their use are described in
Table 27 on page 133.
Table 27 Settings in Auto Download Settings Window

Option Description
Address book entry Specifies the QML logger from which log files
are to be downloaded.
Polling frequency Specified the frequency at which log files are to
be downloaded. The mutually exclusive options
are:
Never. AWS Client will never attempt to
download log files.
Daily. Logs are downloaded daily at a certain
time from the selected station.
Weekly. Logs are downloaded weekly at a
certain time on a certain day of the week from
the selected station. Selecting this option will
activate the Poll day field, which accepts values
from Sun to Sat.
Monthly. Logs are downloaded monthly at a
certain time of a day of a month.from the
selected station. Selecting this option will
activate the Poll day field, which accepts values
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from 1 to 28 with Last day of month being the

ending value of the range.
Download Logs from Specifies the period of time from which logs are
to be downloaded. The options are:
Current day.
Previous day.
Last week.
All files.
From memory Specifies the storage medium on the QML
logger from which logs are to be downloaded.
The options are:
Internal. Logs are downloaded from the internal
memory of the QML logger.
External. Logs are downloaded from the
external memory card inserted in the logger.
/Ext/. Specifies the directory on the external
memory card from which logs are to be
downloaded.
Poll day Specified the day of the week on which logs are
to be downloaded, if Weekly is selected for
Polling frequency, or the day of the month, if
Monthly is selected for Polling frequency.
Poll time Specifies the time of the day at which logs are
to be downloaded. The time format is
determined by the Locale parameter in the
Options window. Hours and minutes can be
separately highlighted, then adjusted with the
up and down arrows.
Load all log groups Checking this check box will cause all log
groups from the period selected for the
Download logs from field to be downloaded.
Download groups Allows you to include and exclude log groups to
be downloaded.
Storage directory Specifies the directory on your PC in which logs
are to be downloaded.
Convert to CSV Converts downloaded log files to CSV (Comma
Separated Value), which allows the logs to be
viewed, for instance, in Microsoft Excel. The
options are:
Merge log files of the same group. Merges
log files from different dates belonging to the
same log group.
Delete local files after conversion. Deletes
downloaded binary log files after they have
been converted to CSV format.
Separate date and time columns. Converts
the date and time string in the log file into
separate columns for the date and time of the
log entries.
Delete remote file after Deletes the downloaded log file from the QML
download logger after it has been downloaded. Selecting
this option will converse storage space on the
logger.
Existing log file Specifies how existing log files are to be
treated. The options are:
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Overwrite: If a log file with the same name

already exists in the log file download folder on
your PC, overwrites the existing file with the
new file.
Skip: If a log file with the same name already
exists in the log file download folder on your PC,
skips the new file with the same name when
downloading.
Skip downloading: Stops downloading the
selected log files if a log file with the same
name already exists in the log file download
directory on your PC.
Once you have set the schedule and other parameters, select Save.
The application waits in idle mode until polling is triggered. When

polling, the application automatically opens a service connection to a
station and downloads log files as defined by the user. During the
download process, a progress dialog is displayed; see Figure 69 on
page 136.
NOTE In order for auto download to succeed, AWS Client must either have
no open connection with any QML logger at the time of polling or, if
there is an open connection, it must be only with the logger specified
in the Auto Download Settings window. Note that if there is an open
connection with another logger, the connection will not be closed and
the auto download will not succeed.
NOTE Auto download will not be performed if, at the time of polling, AWS
Client is occupied with something else that requires commands to be
sent to the logger, for instance, calibration.
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Figure 69 Auto Download in Progress
When the log files are downloaded, the connection is closed and the
application continues to wait in idle mode until a new prescheduled
polling event is triggered.
Viewing the Status of Auto

Downloads
You can keep track on your auto downloads by viewing the Auto
Download Status window. When you select the Log files - Auto
Download Status from the Maintenance menu, the Auto Download
Status window is displayed, as shown in Figure 70 on page 136.
Figure 70 Auto Download Status Window
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For each download triggered by the auto download settings, the

following information is displayed, as described in Table 28 on page
137.
Table 28 Fields in Auto Download Status Window

Option Description
Event Status of the download. The options are: OK: Auto
download was successfully completed. Failed: Auto
download failed. Cancelled: Auto download was
cancelled.
Poll time Time the auto download started.
Frequency Polling frequency value set for the download.
Logs from Time period from which logs are downloaded.
Completed Time of completion for the download.
Entry Station from which logs are downloaded.
File count Number of log files downloaded.
Bytes Size of the download.
Using External Memory Card

The external memory card is used to store log files that have been
copied or moved from the internal log directory. The data can be
retrieved from the external memory card via terminal connection or by
switching the memory card with an empty one.
NOTE If the Compact Flash memory card has not been formatted, it must be
formatted before use.
In MAWS versions 6.00 and later, you are recommended to format

the card in a Windows PC. The file system to use is FAT (not
FAT32). Also, do not select the quick format option.
To format the CF card in the QML logger, insert it into the CF slot of
the QML logger. Give the EXTFSERASE command. After the card
has been formatted, you can remove it from the slot.
The external memory card can be removed from the QML logger for
data retrieval without interruptions to operations. The logger copies
data from the internal log directory to the memory card daily at
midnight, the default time is 00:00:30. Data is being written when the
LED on the logger cover to the left of the external memory card is
constantly on.
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CAUTION The memory card must not be removed from the QML logger while
data is being written, or the data may be lost. By default, data is
transmitted to the memory card each day at 00:00:30.
When a new memory card is inserted into the QML logger, the
software checks that the card is ready for use. The status of the
memory card is indicated by a LED. Table 29 below describes the
different blinking sequences and the card conditions they indicate.
Table 29 LED Blinking Sequencies and Card Status Options

Blinking Sequence Card Status
Long-long Card is OK
Constantly on Data is being written
Short-short-short for 5 seconds Card is unformatted or corrupted
Automatic Erase from External

Memory Card
The log group specific setting Number of days to preserve log files,
specified in MAWS Lizard, also affects the files stored to the external
memory card. The functionality is the same as for internal log
memory:
- Files older than the selected value [days] will be deleted

automatically
- Files are not erased, that is, the automatic clean up is disabled
When files are stored to the external memory card, the internal
memory is used as the working memory for storing the log files of the
current day. These working files are moved to the external card each
day just after midnight when the new files have been created for
writing.
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Resetting the QML Logger

The Reset command is used for resetting the QML logger. You can
either reset the logger immediately or after a specified delay. To reset
the logger, proceed as follows:
1. On the Maintenance menu, select Reset.

2. The Reset menu includes two options for resetting the logger:
1. To reset the logger immediately, select Immediate. The logger
reset begins.
2. To reset the logger after a specified delay, select Delayed. The
Delayed Reset prompt is displayed.
Figure 71 Delayed Reset Prompt
1. In the Reset delay (s) field, enter the delay (in seconds) after
which you want the logger to be reset. The logger reset will
begin after the specified delay has elapsed.
2. Select OK. The logger reset will start after the delay specified in
the previous step.
Once the reset is complete and the setup is running without problems,
the AWS Client terminal window displays the text Setup running ok,
and the logger is again ready for use.
Reset Using the Reset Button

As an alternative to resetting the QML logger using AWS Client, you
can also press the reset button, indicated by number 1 in Figure 72 on
page 140.
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Figure 72 Reset Button on QML Logger
A short reset (pressing the reset button quickly) performs the same
reset as giving the command and starts the program again. A long
reset (pressing the reset button and keeping it down for a few seconds)
restarts the program with a so-called blank setup. A blank setup does
not run a setup file.
Blank setup may be useful if the setup is somehow defective and does
not allow the opening of a terminal connection. When blank setup is
run, the QML logger communication parameters are restored to their
defaults: COM0, 9600, N, 8, N, 1.
Sleep Command
The Sleep command is used for powering down the QML logger (in
order to use the Sleep command, first check the Sleep command
enabled checkbox in the Options menu). There are two options for
powering down the logger: powering it down completely or powering
it down but leaving the battery charging function active. To power
down the logger, proceed as follows:
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1. On the Maintenance menu, select Sleep.

1. To power the logger down completely, select Total.
2. To power the logger down leaving the battery charging function
active, select Charge.
The logger is powered down; to power it up again, use the Wakeup
command (see section Wakeup Command on page 141).
Wakeup Command
The Wakeup command is used for powering the QML logger up after
it has been set to a power-saving mode.
To issue the Wakeup command to the logger, select Wakeup on the

Maintenance menu.
Command Reference for Terminal Connection

Table 30 Command Set
Command Description
altitude altitude [meters]. To see the current station altitude, type altitude. To
change the altitude, type altitude and the new station altitude in meters
from sea level.
battery battery [capacity] sets the capacity of the internal battery, needed for QML
logger internal control. Accepted capacity values are 1.2 ... 24 Ah. To see
the battery status, type battery. Note that the battery command applies
only to the internal battery.
cd cd <directory> changes the current directory. cd / gets you back to the root
directory. Use the command cd .. to move up one directory level.
chmod chmod <filename> <r/w/x> changes the file access attributes: read (r),
write (w) or execute (x). The setup file "Basic/Advanced/Lowpower" needs
to have the attributes rwx.
close Closes the terminal connection
copy copy <source file> [destination file] copies a file to another location
del del <filename> [filename] deletes a specified file. Only files that have
(w)rite access attribute can be deleted (see the chmod command).
dir dir [file/path] [/F] displays a list of a directory's files and subdirectories,
used and free disk space. The file information includes name,
access_attributes, time, date and size.
disable disable <Measurement name> disables the measurement input or sensor
enable enable <Measurement name> enables the measurement input or sensor
errors errors [clear]. To see active errors, type errors. To clear active errors, type
errorsclear. Errors indicate that there is something wrong in the software.
EXTFS EXTFS <INFO | ERASE | HELP>. To format a Compact Flash card, type
EXTFSERASE. To show card info, type EXTFSINFO. NOTE that the
command must be written in upper case.
ftp ftp <get | put | test> <user:password> <source> [destination] [interface]
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[options]. Transfers files to or from the QML logger or tests the connection
to the FTP server. To download a file to the QML logger, type ftpget
<user:password> <source>. To upload a file from the QML logger to the
FTP server, type ftpput <user:password> <source>. To test the connection
to the FTP server, type ftptest <user:password> <destination>. The
parameters user:password are the user name and password for the FTP
server. The parameter source is the name of the source file on the QML
logger or the FTP server. The optional parameter destination is the name
of the destination file. The optional parameter interface is the name of the
interface to use for the FTP connection.
help help [command...] displays a command syntax. To list all the available
commands, type help.
ipconfig ipconfig. Shows the IP configuration of all open network interfaces. The
command has no parameters.
LASTVAL LASTVAL <Component> <ID> [F(orce id)] [S(ensor status)] shows the
measured value before any validation and the status produced during
validation. The validated value is shown when you give the signal name
that is defined in Lizard.
logdel logdel <group_id> <lastdate (YYMMDD)> deletes a log file/files dated
earlier than the last given date
LOGFS LOGFS <ERASE/DEFRAGD/SAT> erases all data in the log system and
resets the QML logger. NOTE that the command must be written in upper
case.
loggo loggo <group_id> starts logging of the defined log group
logshow logshow <group_id> [start (YYMMDDHH)] [count] [itemno1 itemno2 ...]
logshowL1 shows one line of current day; logshowL1 40 shows 40 lines;
logshowL1 40 3 shows 40 lines of item 3; logshowL1 050618 10 shows
10 lines starting from 18.06.2005
logshownext logshownext <group_id> [count]. After the logshow command, this
command can be used to show the immediately following (later) log entries
logshowprev logshowprev <group_id> [count]. After the logshow command, this
command can be used to show the immediately preceding (earlier) log
entries
logstatus logstatus <group_id> shows logging state and variables of the defined log
group. The command without parameters shows statuses of all log groups.
logstop logstop <group_id> stops logging of the defined log group.
md md <directory> creates a directory. For example md/Ext/logdata
move move <source file> [destination file] copies a file to another location and
removes the source file
net net <warnings | statistics [clear]>. Shows network statistics or warnings
and optionally clears them. To show network statistics or warnings, type
netstatistics or netwarnings. To clear the statistics or warnings, type
netstatisticsclear or netwarningsclear.
netif netif [open <ifname> | close <ifname>]. To show the status of all
configured network interfaces, type netif without any parameters. To open
a given interface, type netifopen <ifname> where ifname is the name of the
interface. To close a given interface, type netifclose <ifname>.
ntp ntp<set | show | test > <server[:port]> [maxroundtrip] [interface]. Sets the
QML logger clock based on remote NTP server clock or tests the
connection to the NTP server. To set the QML logger time, type ntpset
<server>. To show the time of the NTP server clock, type ntpshow
<server>. To test the connection, type ntptest <server>. The optional port
parameter specifies the port to use for the connection; the default port is
123. The optional roundtrip parameter specifies the maximum time in
milliseconds allowed between requesting the server time and its reception.
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The optional parameter interface is the name of the interface to use for the
NTP connection.
open Opens a terminal connection
paramset paramset [<set> <parameter> [<value>]]. To list all parameter sets, type
paramset without any parameters. To show the values of all parameters in
a given set, type paramset <set>. To show the value of a parameter in a
set, type paramset <set> <parameter>. To set the value of a parameter in
a set, type paramset <set> <parameter> <value>.
ping ping <destinationIP address of host name>. Tests access to a host based
on its IP address or DNS name.
pslevel pslevel [meters]. To see the current pressure sensor level, type pslevel.
To change the pressure sensor level, type pslevel and the new pressure
sensor level in meters from the station altitude.
rd rd <directory> removes a directory
rep rep <report_name> shows the contents of a report. For example:
repMyRep0.
reset reset [delay (seconds)] resets the QML logger (warm boot). If the delay
time is not given, the logger resets immediately.
serial serial <port> [<speed> <parity> <bits> <stop>]. To see the settings of the
port number 0, type serial0. To change the settings, type serial0 and the
new parameters. For example: serial 0 9600 N 8 1. Available
ranges/options: Speed 300-19200, Parity N/O/E, Bits 7/8, Stop 0/1.
SLEEP Sets the system in low power-state. Use the SLEEP command to reduce
power consumption when storing the station for a few days (maximum
period 1 month). Tip the spoon of the rain gauge to awaken the system. It
can also be awakened by pressing the reset button. NOTE that the SLEEP
command must be written in upper case.
sname sname [station_name]. To see the current station name, type sname. To
change the name, type sname and the new name. If the station name
begins with a digit or contains a space, the name must be in quotes, for
example sname"Vaisala MAWS".
spclear spclear <parameter | ALL> clears a static parameter or all parameters.
NOTE that this command clears QMS101 and QMN101 sensitivity settings
and is usually not needed.
spset spset [parameter] [value] sets a value to a static parameter. To see a list of
static parameters, type spset. NOTE! This command is not usually
needed.
SYSINFO SYSINFO gives information on the system. NOTE that the command must
be written in upper case.
time time [HH MM SS YY MM DD]. To see the current time, type time. To
change the current time, type time and the new time. For example time14
10 00. To change the current date, type time and the new time and date.
For example time14 10 00 98 12 31.
timezone timezone [hours] sets the time difference from UTC. To see the time zone,
type timezone. To set the time zone, type for example timezone2.
userlevel userlevel [level <set/clear>] command is used to protect system from
unauthorized use. It provides three password protected access levels to
shell commands as well as to the visibility of system data. By default, the
user levels are not in use.
verify verify <source file> [destination file] compares two files. If they are
different, the response is: Error: Files are different
warnings warnings [clear]. To see active warnings, type warnings. To clear active
warnings, type warningsclear. Warnings indicate that there are some
problems in the software. See Vaisala HydroMet™ Data Collection
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Platform Volume 1, Chapter 7 for more information.

winddircal0 winddircal0 [direction]. Set the direction in degrees to align the wind vane.
Type for example winddircal0360 (north).
zr Zmodem receive command is needed when transferring the setup file to
the QML logger
zs zs <file_name>. Sends a file from the QML logger using Zmodem protocol
(used instead of Terminal function).
NOTE The following commands allow the use of wild cards: chmod, dir,
del, copy, move, verify, and zs.
Example:
copy /log/L2*.* /Ext/log_L2copy
NOTE File commands (dir, del, copy, move, and verify) can be aborted by
typing CTRL+C.
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Chapter 8 ______________________________________________ WD50 Wind Display Operation
CHAPTER 8
WD50 WIND DISPLAY OPERATION
This chapter provides information on using the WD50 Wind Display.
User Interface
WIND 50 is an advanced wind display for professional use, especially
designed for demanding aviation applications. It is suitable for simple
point-to-point use at small airports, but has enough functions to be
used at the largest installations.
The user interface is easy to read in any light conditions. Brightness is

automatically adjusted according to the ambient light conditions. All
the static display elements are backlit for nighttime operation.
A rotary switch and two push buttons serve for switching between
different display pages, setting alarms and testing the unit.
The different display elements are illustrated in Figure 73 on page

146.
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1 2
10
9
5
8
7 6
Figure 73 WD50 Display Elements
The following figures refer to Figure 75 on page 155:

1 = Max wind
2 = Min wind
3 = Units
4 = Alarm select
5 = Ext/cross set
6 = Page select
7 = Speed
8 = Page text
9 = Direction variance
10 = Direction
One rotary switch and two 3-state push buttons are for manual control.
The rotary switch is for selecting between different display pages and
the push buttons are used for switching between extreme/crosswind
calculations and for mastering the alarms.
The instant, 2-minute, and 10-minute wind speeds are presented with
three digits using decimal or integer presentations.
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Chapter 8 ______________________________________________ WD50 Wind Display Operation
The extremes (wind speed minimum and maximum) as well as cross-

and tailwind components are shown at the upper corners with digital
elements.
The wind direction is shown using analog and digital presentations.

The 36 LEDs provide a resolution of 10 degrees for the analog
indicator. However, the digital presentation supports different
resolutions from decimal to 10 degrees. Wind direction variation is
presented with an analog LED circle.
All the static indicators, such as different wind speed units, are backlit.
The text shown on the 16 character alphanumeric dot matrix field,

locating at the bottom of the display page, is user definable for each of
the display pages in use.
Display Pages
The content of the display page is formed from received data, and
presented on a display after data processing (e.g. calculating average)
and defined presenting rules (page specific).
The rotary switch is for selecting between different display pages.

Turn the rotary switch clockwise to increase the page number. After
the last defined page, follows the first page again. Turn the rotary
switch counterclockwise to decrease the page number.
Even though the number of pages is user configurable, there are

always a display test page and a manual brightness control page.
Page 1 is showing Relative wind instant values.
Page 2 is showing Relative wind two minutes average values.
Page 3 is showing Relative wind ten minutes average values.
Page 4 is showing True wind instant values.
Page 5 is showing True wind two minutes average values.
Page 6 is showing True wind tem minutes average values.
Page 7 is showing Relative wind port side sensors two minutes

average values.
Page 8 is showing Relative wind starboard side sensors two minutes

average values.
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Page 9 is showing True wind port side sensors two minutes average
values.
Page 10 is showing True wind starboard side sensors two minutes

average values.
Brightness Control
The brightness of the display is normally automatically adjusted.
However, base level brightness can be manually changed using the
brightness page as follows:
1. Select brightness page.

2. Press the SET button to middle position and keep it pressed to
increase the brightness. Press the SET button to bottom position
and keep it pressed to decrease the brightness level.
NOTE The % value of the maximum brightness display will change

according to the ambient light conditions.
Test Page
When the test page is selected, some basic information such as
software version, supply voltage and internal temperature of the unit
are displayed on the page text display.
If the internal temperature rises above defined limit, the fan will be
switched on to cool the unit.
Display Reset
The display can be reset in one of the following ways:
1. Power down/up the unit.

2. At the test page, press the ALR button to the bottom position
and keep it pressed for 5 seconds.
3. Send reset command via serial interface (and accept by entering
y).
NOTE The display must be reset to enable new configuration.
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Chapter 9 __________________________________________________ DD50 Display Operation
CHAPTER 9
DD50 DISPLAY OPERATION
This chapter provides information on using the DD50 display.
Introduction
The DD50 is universal digital display that can be directly connected to
Vaisala’s intelligent sensors to build small systems or it can be used as
a general purpose display. The software of the DD50 is implemented
as several independent products, called display modes. The system
configuration can contain several setups at the same time, so that one
DD50 device can serve as a spare part for different types of systems.
Only the display mode is changed in a spare unit, when a failed unit is
replaced with a pre-configured DD50.
The main source of information to the DD50 display is the serial line.
The operation of the DD50 is described as a single mode system

would be used. Configuration and operation procedures are common
to all modes or otherwise general.
Critical system parameters can only be set through the serial line
(some are password protected) but many of them can be set and
displayed using the front panel switch/button operations.
There are also four general purpose 10-bit analog inputs that are used
in some display modes. The DD50 has a battery backed-up clock to
keep the data recordings in time.
In normal operation the user only selects the display “page” using the
rotary switch.
The data values are presented numerically with three bright 5-digit 7-
segment fields. The type of the data values is indicated with a 4-
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character alpha-numeric dot matrix field placed before each 7-segment

LED field. This field can also be used to show the unit of the data. On
the upper part of the display is a 12-character alpha-numeric dot
matrix field that can be used to show general information, warnings,
alarms or any other application specific information.
1
DD50
7
8
2
4
ALR 5
10
V A IS A L A
Figure 74 DD50 Digital Display

1 = Ambient Light sensor
2 = Data field
3 = Data type field
4 = Heading field
5 = Push button
6 = Rotary switch
7 = LED 1
8 = LED 2
9 = LED 3
10 = LED 4
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Chapter 9 ___________________________________________________ DD50 Display Operation
A double-action push button is provided for inquiring the data units,

for acknowledgement of alarm and for resetting the display. It is also
used together with the rotary switch for display configuration.
A rotary switch is provided for changing the display page and for
display configuration.
There is an LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) monitoring the ambient

lighting conditions. The brightness of the display LEDs is
automatically controlled based on the LDR readings.
Display Pages
The content of the display page is formed from received data, and
presented on a display.
The rotary switch is for selecting between different display pages.

Turn the rotary switch clockwise to increase the page number. After
the last defined page, follows the first page again. Turn the rotary
switch counterclockwise to decrease the page number.
The following presents a typical configuration of the pages.
Page 1: Heading TEMP data
TT1: is showing air temperature, one minute average. Unit is degrees

celsius (shows when pressing the push button)
TW1: is showing water temperature, one minute average. Unit is

degrees celsius (shows when pressing the push button)
TD1: is showing dew point temperature, one minute average. Unit is

degrees celsius (shows when pressing the push button)
Page 2: Heading Pressure
P: is showing air pressure, one minute average. Unit is hPa (shows

when pressing the push button)
QNH: is showing QNH pressure, one minute average. Unit is hPa

(shows when pressing the push button)
QFE: is showing QFE pressure, one minute average. Unit is hPa

Page 3: Heading Vis/Clouds
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MOR: is showing visibility value, one minute average. Unit is km

(kilometers, shows when pressing the push button)
H1: is showing first cloud layer. Unit is feet (shows when pressing
the push button)
RH: is showing relative humidity, one minute average. Unit is %

Page 4: Heading Wind/Ship
FG: is showing wind gust, ten minutes maximum wind. Unit is knots
Sspd: is showing ship's speed from LOG. Unit is knots (shows when
pressing the push button)
Sdir: is showing ship's heading from Gyro. Unit is degrees (shows

when pressing the push button)
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Chapter 10 ___________________________________________________________ Maintenance
CHAPTER 10
MAINTENANCE
This chapter provides information that is needed in basic maintenance

of the product.
Cleaning and Overall Checking

Check the mechanics and cabling for any damage and corrosion, and
repair if needed:
- Inspect cables for breaks, cracks in the protective coating or cable

connectors, and bent, damaged, or misaligned pins.
- Also wipe off or remove excess dirt, dust, sand, or leaves.
- Check signal and main cables, grounding cables, lugs, connectors,
and connections.
- Also check gaskets of the enclosures and mechanical assemblies,
bolts, nuts, etc.
Checking Enclosure
Every six months, check visually that the box internal wiring is in
order.
NOTE After a heavy storm, open the enclosure door and check for any water
leakage or other damage.
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Mast Maintenance
The mast is coated for durability in demanding harsh environments.
Normally there is no need for maintenance. Check the mast yearly for
any damage to the coating.
However, when devices installed on the upper assembly need

maintenance, you need to tilt the mast:
Tilting the Mast

You need to tilt the mast, for example, when devices installed on the
upper assembly need maintenance.
To tilt a mast that is equipped with the tilt division flange, follow the
procedure below:
CAUTION Do not open the Allen bolts in the horizontal hinge axle (number 5 in
Figure 75 on page 155.
CAUTION Make sure that there is enough clear area on the tilting side of the
mast. The area should be free of obstacles preventing the mast from
being tilted.
1. Open the nuts (number 3 in Figure 75 on page 155) and remove

them and the washers (4). Do not open the other nuts (6 and 7).
2. Make sure to have a good control of the mast (1), and lower the
mast slowly.
3. Support the mast with a suitable support and do not let it lean on
the wind sensor, or other sensors.
CAUTION Do not let the mast lean on the sensors, use a suitable support instead.
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0308-057
Figure 75 Tilting the Short Pole Mast
To erect the mast after maintenance operations, follow the procedure

below:
1. Lift the mast vertical.

2. To secure the mast, install the nuts (number 3 in Figure 75
above).
3. Finally, tighten the nuts with the appropriate wrenches.
Wind Sensor Maintenance
Cleaning
At least once a year, clean the sensor from dust and dirt using mild
washing detergent and a micro-fibre towel.
CAUTION Be gentle when cleaning the transducers as they are very fragile. Do
not scrape, rotate, pull, strike, or bend the transducers.
CAUTION Do not use alcohol-based cleaning agents.
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Performing Accuracy Test

To perform the accuracy test, do the following:
1. Slip the margin verifier over the three transducers (see Figure 76
below).
Figure 76 Margin Verifier
2. Secure the zero wind flow by covering the sensor and margin
verifier.
3. The sensor must read less than 0.5 miles per hour (0.22 m/s)
with the margin verifier in place. If accuracy test fails, send the
unit to Vaisala for calibration/repair.
NOTE Some random data samples may be lost during the zero verifier test.
This, however, does not indicate that the sensor is faulty.
Visual Inspection of WS425

The transducers are constructed of ceramic material and can be
damaged by dropping or hitting the transducers. Likewise, applying
enough force to bend the transducer arms will render the anemometer
inoperative.
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Check the condition of WS425 by doing the following visual checks

at least once a year:
1. Check the orientation of the soldering spots that can be seen on

each ceramic transducer. The soldering spots must be oriented
outside the array, see Figure 77 below. If the soldering spot is
not in the correct location, DO NOT rotate the transducer to fix
it. Instead, contact Vaisala HelpDesk.
0506-020
Figure 77 WS425 Soldering Spot and Sensor Handling
2. Check the condition of the black RTV sealant that can be seen
between the bottom of each transducer and the transducer
mounting arm. The sealant must be free of damage and it must
provide a good seal between the transducer and the transducer
mounting arm. If this seal is damaged, for example, because of
pulling the transducers, water may enter the wind sensor.
Contact Vaisala HelpDesk.
3. Check that all the transducers are parallel to each other. For the
correct alignment, see Figure 77 above. If the transducers are
unparallel, DO NOT strike or bend the transducers to fix it.
Instead, contact Vaisala HelpDesk.
4. Check that the silicon rubber transducer sleeve is not damaged.
If it is damaged, contact Vaisala HelpDesk.
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Compass and GPS Maintenance

The compass and GPS are maintenance-free, in case of malfunction
replace the sensor with a new one.
QMH102 Temperature & Humidity Sensor

Maintenance
Visual Check
Every 3 months, check that the temperature & humidity probe
mounting is secure and that the cable is in good condition.
Changing Temperature/Humidity
Membrane Filter
Every 6 months, change the temperature/humidity membrane filter:
1. Remove the sensor from inside the radiation shield.

2. Carefully remove the filter: screw it anticlockwise, then
carefully pull it out without touching the measurement heads.
3. Install without delay the new filter carefully without touching
the measurement head.
Sending for Calibration

Once a year, the humidity sensor part of the QMH102 probe requires
calibration. Send it to Vaisala for calibration and replace it with a
calibrated probe:
1. Remove the sensor from inside the radiation shield.

2. Remove the probe head from the probe body and replace it with
a calibrated spare part (probe head).
3. Check the operation of the new probe by warming the sensor
head with your hand, and monitor the value change.
4. Place the sensor back inside the radiation shield.
Or, if a calibrated spare part is not available, do the following:
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1. Send the old probe head to Vaisala for calibration.

2. When the calibrated probe head arrives from Vaisala, insert the
calibrated probe head to the probe body.
3. Check the operation of the new probe by warming the sensor
head with your hand, and monitor the value change.
Inside Enclosure Maintenance
Checking Battery
Battery status should be checked every 3 months. This is done either
using a multi-meter on the batteries plus and minus, or by pressing the
QBR101 battery charger. Press the QBR101C Battery charger status
button to see the battery status and if the system has any power
(Mains/battery):
- If the LED is green, the battery is ok.

- If the LED is yellow, the battery voltage is low (charge<11.5V).
- If the LED is red, the battery is empty (charge<10V).
If the battery status is red even after charging for a while, the battery
is old and needs to be replaced. The lead acid battery may age in 3 to
5 years and needs to be replaced with a new one.
Calibrating PMT16A Pressure

Sensor
Keep the pressure port clean. Check the pressure port and hose every
time when visiting the site.
Annually, compare pressure values against a calibrated portable

standard and if needed, make adjustments or send the sensor for
calibration to Vaisala.
1. Place the calibrated reference sensor at the same level with

PMT16A.
2. Compare the reading with the reference reading:
- If the difference is less than ±0.3hPa, no adjustment is
needed.
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- If the difference is more than ±0.8hPa, send the sensor to

Vaisala for calibration, see section Changing PMT16A
Pressure Sensor on page 163.
- If the difference is between ±0.3hPa and ±0.8hPa, do the
following:
3. Establish terminal connection to MAWS logger by connecting
the maintenance cable to the COM0 port of the enclosure and to
an available I/O port on your PC.
4. Type open to get to service connection.
5. Read the reference sensor reading and type PMT16CAL
<pressure reading from reference sensor>. For example,
PMT16CAL 1001.80
6. Now the sensor is being calibrated.

7. Check the readings given by MAWS against the reference value
and repeat the calibration if necessary.
8. Close the terminal connection by giving the close command.
Changing Components
In some over voltage conditions e.g in case of lightning strike some
protective components might get damaged and need replacement. In
these cases the surge arrestors are the most sensitive parts of the
system and might need replacement. See section Replacing
Consumables.
Replacing Consumables
This section describes how to replace consumables.
Changing Battery
1. Turn the power off from the main switch.
2. Unplug the battery wires.
3. Unscrew the screw holding the battery clamp around the battery.
4. Slide the clamp to the left.
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5. Remove the battery.

6. Install a new battery in the opposite order.
Changing the QML201 Logger

1. Turn the power off from the main switch.
2. Unplug the logger connectors.
3. Remove the wires from the plastic cable holders and from the
cable ties in the logger installation plate.
4. Remove the logger installation plate from the frame with the
logger connected to it.
5. Install a new logger and installation plate and in the opposite
order.
Changing the Power Supply Set

1. Turn off the mains power to MAWS, e.g. switch off the external
AC (mains) inlet.
2. Unscrew the left-hand side installation plate and flip it down.
3. If your system contains the satellite transmitter, disconnect the
satellite transmitter wires from the terminal strip. See wiring
diagram Appendix C Wiring Diagrams on page 217.
CAUTION Do not leave the satellite transmitter hanging from the wires; remove
it with the installation plate.
4. Unscrew evenly the 4 screws holding the right-hand installation

plate and remove the installation plate (and when applicable, the
satellite transmitter connected to it) from the frame.
5. Remove the power supply set connectors and cut the cable ties
on top of the power supply set.
6. Unscrew the four bolts in the power supply set indicated with
arrows in Figure 78 on page 162.
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0801-052
Figure 78 Removing Power Supply Set
7. Remove the power supply set.

8. Install a new power supply set in the opposite order.
Changing the Surge Arrestors

1. Turn off the mains power to MAWS, e.g. switch off the external
AC (mains) inlet.
NOTE Step 1 can be skipped if the change is made by a skilled expert.
2. Unscrew the left-hand side installation plate and flip it down.

3. If your system contains the satellite transmitter, disconnect the
satellite transmitter wires from the terminal strip. See the wiring
diagram Appendix C Wiring Diagrams on page 217.
CAUTION Do not leave the satellite transmitter hanging from the wires; remove
it with the installation plate.
4. Unscrew evenly the 4 screws holding the right-hand installation

plate and remove the installation plate (and when applicable, the
satellite transmitter connected to it) from the frame.
5. For AC (mains) power surge arrestor, do the following:
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- If the indicator on the top of the surge arrester plug is red,

(see Figure 12 on page 28) remove the plug module,
indicated with an arrow in Figure 79 below, and replace the
plug with a new one.
0801-048
Figure 79 Removing Mains Power Surge Plug
6. For QSA224DC (data line) surge, do the following:

- Disconnect the wires from the faulty surge arrestor and
remove the surge.
- Install a new surge arrestor in the opposite order.
Changing PMT16A Pressure

Sensor
If the PMT16A pressure sensor needs to be replaced, do the following:
1. Remove the QML201 cover.

2. Unscrew the screw holding PMT16A.
3. Unplug the pressure hose that connects PMT16A to the logger
body.
4. Remove the PMT16A pressure sensor from the logger using a
suitable flat-bladed screw driver to unlock the plastic clip, see
Figure 80 on page 164 and Figure 81 on page 164.
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0801-053
Figure 80 Removing PMT16A
0801-048
Figure 81 Removing PMT16A
5. Install a new pressure sensor in the opposite order.
DTS12W Water Temperature Sensor

Maintenance
Every year check that the water temperature sensor mounting is secure
and that the cable is in good condition. The sensor does not need any
calibration.
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Parts List for Consumables

Table 31 Vaisala Maritime Observation System MAWS410
Spare parts
Code Common Name
ENCHST432 Equipment enclosure made of acid-proof steel
DCMECFRMHST432A Installation frame for ENCHST432 made of acid
proof steel
DRW225398 Installation plate for satellite transmitters
PWRVACMAR + 15 VDC and + 36 VDC power supply set for
MAWS410
QML201MAR Insulated QML201 data logger and QMI118 digital
I/O module
QBR101MAR Insulated QBR101 battery regulator
QSA224DC Surge arrestor for serial line
220567 Replacable 230 VAC surge arrestor plug
4017 12V / 7Ah battery
DSU232 Dual RS-232 module

DSI486 Dual RS-485 or RS-485/RS-232 module
PMT16A Pressure sensor
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Chapter 11 _______________________________________________________ Troubleshooting
CHAPTER 11
TROUBLESHOOTING
This chapter describes common problems, their probable causes and

remedies, and contact information for technical support.
Display Software and Digital Displays

The first step in troubleshooting the system is to check if the Maritime
Observation Console software and/or the optional DD50 and WD50
displays are getting any data from the data logger:
- If only one sensor data disappears or shows slashes, you can

assume that there is a problem with the sensor or with its cabling to
the equipment enclosure.
- If the latitude information is missing, you can assume that the
MAWS410 is not getting any GPS readings.
- If the ship heading and true wind is missing, MAWS410 is not
getting any compass readings.
- If only one display stops working, you can assume that the display
is either broken or has a communication line failure with
MAWS410. Check incoming messages with the terminal software.
If the message is coming in normally, check display wiring and try
resetting the display.
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Maritime Observation Console

Table 32 Some Problem Situations and their Remedies
Problem Probable Cause Remedy
User cannot open User has been logged Log in as Administrator
“Settings” menu in as Observer. (Select System/Login
as Administrator).
Vaisala Observation Communications failure 1) Check that IP

Console cannot address and TCP
connect to MAWS410 port have been
correctly
configured.
2) Close application
and try to connect
to the AWS using a
terminal program
that will use the
same TCP/IP
settings.
Data does not appear in Communications failure Check connection to
Observation Console or or AWS configuration AWS and AWS
in external terminal, or failure configuration.
slashes (/////) are
displayed instead of
measured values.
Cable connection Check the cable
problem. connections and the
condition of the cables.
Obstacles between the Clean the WS425 wind
transducers of WS425. sensor.
WS425 is damaged or Check the RS-485

does not make cable again and replace
detectable noise even it if necessary.
when the power supply Otherwise replace the
should be correct. WS425 wind sensor
with a sensor with
correct configuration.
MAWS410 Total Report

If there is no data coming into the displays, you can assume that
MAWS410 has some problems either with power or communication.
1. Open the terminal connection: Connect laptop to the MAWS

maintenance port COM0 (9800,8,1,n).
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2. Type the command total to get the maintenance message. An

example report is shown below:
MAWS Total Report 2007-11-28 12:36:04
Station: MAWS
CALL SIGN OHVA
pslevel 0
altitude 0
STATUS INST
AIR TEMPERATURE C: 0 22.3
RELATIVE HUMIDITY %: 0 16
DEWPOINT TEMPERATURE C: -4.7
AIR PRESSURE hPa: 0 1004.3
QFF hPa: 1004.3
PRESS TREND: -0.3
PRESS TEND: 7
TRUE WIND SPEED m/s: 0 2.7
TRUE WIND DIRECTION deg: 0 204
RELATIVE WIND SPEED 0 0.0
RELATIVE WIND DIRECTION 0 270
SHIP HEADING deg 0 16
SHIP DIRECTION deg 0 24
SHIP SPEED m/s: 0 3.0
WATER TEMPERATURE C: 23 //////
VISIBILITY m: N/A N/A
PRESENT WEATHER code: N/A N/A
LATITUDE 6001.222 N
LONGITUDE 11523.121 E
SYS ERRORS : 0
UPTIME : 27h 27min 29sec since Tue Nov 27
09:08:35 2007
SW_REV : 6.00(Sep 19 2007 11:18:09)
HW_REV : Rev B-001
OPERATING VOLTAGE Vdc: 15.4
1h min Vdc: 15.4
If all sensors show a value and the sensor statuses are 0, or –, the
logger status is 0 and there are no errors (0), you can assume that the
logger and all sensors connected to the logger are working fine.
If the logger is not responding to the total command, the problem

might either be with the logger or its powering.
MAWS410 Power & Communication

Press the status button on the battery charger to check the battery
status and that the battery charger is working:
- If the battery charger's battery status led does not light, check if the
mains is off and if the battery is empty.
- If battery and/or mains is working, use multi-meter to measure if
the charger is getting any power.
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- If the charger is getting power and still does not work, the charger
is broken and needs to be replaced. See section Replacing
Consumables on page 160.
If mains power from the ship is on, check that all power supplies have
the green led on:
- If the green led does not light, check with multi-meter that the
power supply is getting AC power.
- If the power supply is getting power and the green led is not on, the
power supply or at least its led is not working and has to be
replaced. See section Replacing Consumables on page 160.
Check that the green led on QML201 data logger is blinking once in a
while:
- If the green led is not blinking and there is no data coming to the
displays, the logger might be damaged, or does not get power.
Check with multi-meter if the logger is getting power.
If the logger is getting power, try establishing a service connection via
COM0 and maintenance cable.
- Set the terminal settings to 9600, 8, 1, n and type the command

open. If the logger answers with service connection, the logger is
working.
- Type the command errors, to check the error messages from the
logger. If error messages occur, the logger, the logger
configuration, or one of the communication modules might be
broken.
- Type the command warnings to get the warning messages from the
logger. Warning messages are not usually serious but useful for
troubleshooting.
- Type the command SYSINFO to get system uptime information.
- Type the command reset to reset the logger.
- Type the command total to get the maintenance message.
- Close service connection by typing close.
170 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Problem Report
When troubleshooting the product, write a problem report consisting
of the following issues:
- What failed (what worked / did not work)?

- Where did it fail (location and environment)?
- When did it fail (date, immediately / after a while / periodically /
randomly)?
- How many failed (only one defect / other same or similar defects /
several failures in one unit)?
- What was connected to the product and to which connectors?
- Input power source type, voltage and list of other items (lighting,
heaters, motors etc.) that were connected to the same power output.
- What was done when the failure was noticed?
Request an RMA from Vaisala helpdesk, see section Requesting RMA

below.
Requesting RMA
If the product needs repair, please follow the instructions below to
speed up the process and to avoid extra costs to you.
1. Read the warranty information.

2. Contact Vaisala technical support via e-mail or fax and request
for RMA (Return Material Authorization) and shipping
instructions.
3. Proceed as instructed by Vaisala technical support, see section
Technical Support on page 172.
NOTE RMA must always be requested from Vaisala technical support

before returning any faulty material.
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Technical Support
For technical questions, contact the Vaisala technical support:
E-mail [email protected]
Fax +358 9 8949 2790
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Chapter 12 ________________________________________________________ Technical Data
CHAPTER 12
TECHNICAL DATA
This chapter provides the technical data of the product.
Specifications
Enclosure Specifications
Table 33 Enclosure Specifications
Property Description / Value
Size 420 x 270 x 210 mm (H x W x D)
Weight appr. 10 kg
Temperature Range -50 ...+ 70 C
Humidity Range 0 to 100 % RH, non-condensing
Protection & IP-class NEMA 4X, IP66
Earthquake Bellcore NEBS, Zone 4
Shock MIL-STD-202G, Method 213B.
Vibration IEC-60945
2 .. 13.2 Hz, ±1.0mm
13.2...100 Hz,up to 0.7 G
Cable Glands 2 + 10
Back-up battery 7 Ah / 12V
Pressure Sensor Specifications

Table 34 Pressure Sensor PMT16A Specifications
Performance (accuracy) ± 0.3 hPa incl. one year drift (with factory
calibration)
Pressure range 600 ... 1100 hPa
Temperature range -40 ... +60 °C (operating)
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QML Logger Specifications

Table 35 QML Logger General Specifications
Property Description/Value
Processor 33 MHz, 32 bit Motorola
Memory 1MB RAM and 2 MB program
A/D conversion 16 bit
Data logging memory 1.6 MB internal Flash memory
Up to 128 MB on optional Compact Flash
memory card
Sensor inputs 10 Analog inputs (20 single ended inputs)
2 counter / frequency inputs
Internal channel for PMT16A pressure
transducer
Serial communication:
standard One RS-232 and one RS-485 (two wire)
optional Two optional plug-in slots for
communication modules to increase the
number of the serial I/O channels up to 6
pcs
Fast serial expansion bus for connecting,
for example digital I/O module
speed 300 ... 38400 bps
parameters Configurable speed, start bits, data bits,
stop bits, parity, XON/XOFF, and check
sum
Voltage (external powering) 8 ... 16 VDC recommended (30 V max.)
Internal battery QMB101 1.2 Ah / 6 V
(optional)
Power consumption < 10 mA / 6 V (typically with basic 5
sensors)
Temperature (operating) -50 ... +60 °C (-58 ... 140 °F)
Temperature (storage) -50 ... +70 °C (-58 ... 158 °F)
Humidity 0 ... 100 % RH
Table 36 QML Logger Accuracy Specifications

Typical accuracy across Better than ± 0.06 °C
temperature range -50 ...
+80 °C
Maximum error across Less than ± 0.12 °C
temperature range -35 ...
+50 °C
Maximum error at 0 °C Less than ± 0.06 °C
Voltage measurement:
±2.5 V range Better than 0.04% of reading ± 150 μV
±250 mV range Better than 0.06% of reading ± 20 μV
±25 mV range Better than 0.06% of reading ± 6 μV
±6.5 mV range Better than 0.12% of reading ± 6 μV
Frequency measurements ±0.003 % + resolution up to 8 kHz
174 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Common mode range +5 V / -4 V
Real-time-clock (standard)
accuracy Better than 20 s/month
backup time 5 years minimum with CR1220 Lithium cell
Table 37 QML Logger Regulatory Compliances

Emissions CISPR 22 class B (EN55022)
ESD immunity IEC 61000-4-2
RF field immunity IEC 61000-4-3
EFT immunity IEC 61000-4-4
Surge (lightning pulse) IEC 61000-4-5
Conducted RF immunity IEC 61000-4-6
Mains Power Supply Specifications

Table 38 Mains Power Supply Specifications, + 15 VDC
Property Value/Description
Type ADC8220R/22
Output power 60 W
Operating principle SMPS
Input voltage range 90 … 264 VAC
Frequency range 45/65 Hz
Input current on full load:
115 VAC appr. 0.7 A
230 VAC appr. 0.4 A
Output voltage 13 … 18 VDC, factory preset: + 15 VDC
Output current 4A
Efficiency ≥ 80 %
Installation Installation plate with screws
Operating temperature range -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... +140 °F)
Table 39 Mains Power Supply Specifications, + 36 VDC

Type ADC5921R/22
Output power 60 W
Operating principle SMPS
Input voltage range 90 … 264 VAC
Frequency range 45/65 Hz
Input current on full load:
115 VAC appr. 0.7 A
230 VAC appr. 0.4 A
Output voltage 33 … 44 VDC, factory preset: + 36 VDC
Output current 1.67 A
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Efficiency ≥ 80 %
Installation Installation plate with screws
Operating temperature -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... +140 °F)
Battery Specifications
Table 40 7 Ah Backup Battery Specifications
Type Sealed, lead-acid
Nominal voltage 12 V
Nominal capacity 7 Ah
Self discharge 3 % / month
Expected lifetime 4 … 5 years
Dimensions w × d × h 151 × 65 × 95 mm
(5.9 × 2.6 × 3.8 in.)
Weight 2.8 kg (6.2 lb)
Communication Modules
For satellite communications options (Iridium, Inmarsat)
specifications, refer to the manufacturer's datasheet.
Table 41 Unisolated RS-232 Communication Module

(DSU232) Specifications
Channels Two RS-232
DUART Internal
Operating modes Dual RS-232
Single RS-232 mode with hardware flow
control (RTS/CTS)
Single RS-232 with power supply feed-through
Power supply feed-through 5 V ... 30 V, 1A max
Power consumption
idle 5 mA
active 15 mA max
Temperature (operating) -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... 140 °F)
Temperature (storage) -50 ... +70 °C (-58 ... 158 °F)
176 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Table 42 Isolated RS-485 Communication Module (DSI485)

Specifications
Channels One RS-485
Isolation Galvanic
Operating modes 2-wire RS-485
4-wire RS-485
Power consumption
idle 5 mA
receiving 10 mA
transmitting 20 mA
Connection distance 1500 m (4900 ft.)
(max.)
Temperature (operating) -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... +140 °F)
Temperature (storage) -50 ... +70 °C (-58 ... +158 °F)
Table 43 Dual-isolated RS-485 Communication Module

(DSI486) Specifications
Channels
channel A RS-485
channel B RS-232 or RS-485
SDI SDI-12
Isolation Galvanic
Operating modes Two 2-wire RS-485 and SDI-12
2-wire RS-485, RS-232, and SDI-12
Power consumption
idle 2.8 ... 4.3 mA
operating 10.6 ... 12.4 mA
Connection distance 1500 m (4900 ft.)
(max.)
Temperature (operating) -40 ... +60 °C (-40 ... +140 °F)
Temperature (storage) -50 ... +70 °C (-58 ... +158 °F)
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Mast Specifications
Table 44 DKP202/203/204 Mast Specifications
Height 4 m (13.1 feet)
3 m ( 9.84 feet)
2 m ( 6.56 feet)
Diameter
Lowest section 75 mm (DKP204) / 60 mm (DKP202)
Highest section 60 mm
Weight (DKP204W) 24 kg
(DKP203W) 11 kg
(DKP202W) 7.5 kg
Maximum length < 3.1 m, suitable for air freight
Pedestal tube and hinge Stainless steel
Mast tubes and lifting rod Aluminum alloy
Guy wires
Material Stainless steel
Breaking strength 28 kN (6 295 lbf)
Marking Black and yellow colored cable shrouds
to a height of 2 meters from the ground
Threaded anchor bolts Galvanized steel, thread M20, length
300 mm (11.8 in), with M20 wedge bolts
(cast or drilled into concrete using the
provided orientation plate)
Other parts, e.g. bolts Stainless steel
Coating/Painting
Pedestal tube Corrosion-resistant powder coating
Aluminum parts Anodized and painted
Steel parts Galvanized
Stainless steel parts Uncoated
Temperature -50 … +60 °C (-50 ... 140 °F)
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Wind Sensor Specifications
WS425 Specifications
Table 45 WS425 Specifications
Sensor type Ultrasonic 100 kHz
Fully compensated for temperature, humidity,
and altitude.
Measuring range 0 ... 56 m/s (0 ... 125 mph, 0 ... 107 knots)
0 … 130 m/s (survival)
Delay distance Virtually zero
Starting threshold Virtually zero
Response Maximum reading rate: 1 per second
characteristics Sonic measurement time: 0.2 second
Signal processing time: 0.15 second
Response time: 0.35 second
Accuracy (wind speed) ±0.135 m/s (0.3 mph, 0.26 knots) or 3 % of
reading, whichever is greater
Accuracy (wind direction) ±2 degrees
Resolution (wind speed) 0.1 m/s (0.1 mph, 0.1 knots, 0.1 km/h)
Resolution (wind direction) 1 degree
Power (operating) 10 ... 15 VDC, 12 mA (analog)
Power (heating) 36 VDC ± 10 %, 0.7 A
Heater Thermostatically controlled heaters in the
transducer heads prevent freezing rain or
snow build up.
Output (analog wind 10 Hz/0.894 m/s (0 ... 625 Hz at 0 ... 55.88
speed) m/s) (frequency)
10 mV/0.558 (0 ... 1.0 volt at 0 ... 55.88 m/s)
(voltage)
Output (analog wind (0 to Vref at 0 to 359°) (simulated
direction) potentiometer)
1.0 ... 4.0 VDC, for 5.0 VDC reference an
additional -2° error occurs for angles greater
than 291° (reference voltage)
Available averages 1 ... 9 seconds (RS-232)
Dead band (wind direction) None
Material Stainless steel body and sensor arms
Silicone rubber and PVC transducer heads
Operating temperature -50 ... +50 °C (-58 ... -122 °F)
Dimensions w × d × h 250 × 286 × 355 mm (9.8 × 11.2 × 13.9 in)
Weight 1.7 kg (3.7 lb)
Mean time between failure 26 years calculated per the standard
(MTBF) assumptions of
MIL-HDBK-217, Revision E.
EMC compliance EMC standard EN61326-1:1997 + Am1: 1998;
Generic Environment
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WA15 Specifications
Table 46 WAA151 Anemometer Specifications
Sensor/Transducer type Cup anemometer/Opto-chopper
Measuring range 0.4 ... 75 m/s
Starting threshold < 0.5 m/s 1)
Distance constant 2.0 m
Transducer output
0 ... 75 m/s 0 ... 750 Hz square wave
Characteristic Transfer Uf = 0.1007 × R + 0.3278
Function (Uf = wind speed; R = o/p pulse rate)
Accuracy (within 0.4 ... 60
m/s)
With Characteristic Transfer ± 0.17 m/s 2)
Function
With "simple transfer ± 0.5 m/s
function" Uf = 0.1 × R
Transducer output level
(Iout < +5 mA) High state > Uin -1.5 V
(Iout > -5 mA) Low state < 2.0 V
Settling time after power < 30 µs
turn-on
Operating power supply 9.5 ... 15.5 VDC, 20 mA typical
Heating power supply 20 VDC or VAC, 500 mA typical
Electrical connections MIL-C-26482 type; 6-wire cable
Recommended connector at SOURIAU MS3116F10-6P
cable end
Operating temperature -50 ... +55 °C (with shaft heating)
Storage temperature -60 ... +70 °C
Housing material AlMgSi, gray anodized
Cup material PA, reinforced with carbon fiber
Dimensions 240 (h) × 90 (Ø) mm
Swept radius of cup wheel: 91 mm
Weight 570 g
1) Measured with cup wheel in position least favored by flow direction.

Optimum position yields < 0.35 m/s starting threshold.
2) Standard Deviation
Table 47 WAV151 Wind Vane Specifications

Sensor/Transducer type Vane/Optical code disc
Measuring range 0 ... 360°
Starting threshold < 0.4 m/s
Resolution 5.6°
Damping Ratio 0.19
Overshoot Ratio 0.55
Delay Distance 0.4 m
Accuracy Better than ±3°
Output 6-bit parallel GRAY code
180 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Transducer output level
(Iout < +5 mA) High state > Uin -1.5 V
(Iout > -5 mA) Low state < 1.5 V
Settling time after power < 100 µs
turn-on
Operating power supply 9.5 ... 15.5 VDC, 20 mA typical
Heating power supply 20 VDC or VAC, 500 mA typical
Electrical connections MIL-C-26482 type; 10-wire cable
Recommended connector at SOURIAU MS3116F12-10P
cable end
Operating temperature -50 ... +55 °C (with shaft heating)
Housing material AlMgSi, gray anodized
Vane material AlSi 12, anodized
Dimensions 300 (h) × 90 (Ø) mm
Swept radius of vane: 172 mm
Weight 660 g
WMT50 Specifications
Table 48 WMT50 Performance
Wind speed
range 0 ... 60 m/s
response time 0.25 s
available variables average, maximum, and minimum
accuracy ±0.3 m/s or ±3 % whichever is greater for the
measurement range of 0 ... 35 m/s
±5 % for the measurement range of
35 ... 60 m/s
output resolution 0.1 m/s (km/h, mph, knots)
units available m/s, km/h, mph, knots
Wind direction
azimuth 0 ... 360°
response time 0.25 s
available variables average, maximum, and minimum
accuracy ±3.0°
output resolution 1°
Measurement frame
averaging time 1 ... 3600 s (= 60 min), at 1 s steps, on the

basis of samples taken at 4, 2 or 1 Hz rate
(configurable)
update interval 1 ... 3600 s (= 60 min), at 1 s steps
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Table 49 WMT50 Inputs and Outputs

Operation voltage 5 ... 30 VDC1
Average power
consumption
minimum 0.07 mA @ 12 VDC (SDI-12)

typical 3 mA @ 12 VDC (with default measuring
interval)
maximum 13 mA @ 30 VDC (constant measurement
with shortest measuring interval)
Heating voltage Options: DC, AC, full-wave rectified AC

recommended ranges 12 VDC ± 20 %, 1.1 A max
24 VDC ± 20 %, 0.6 A max
68 Vp-p ± 20 % (AC), 0.6 Arms max
34 Vp ± 20 % (f/w rect. AC), 0.6 Arms max
absolute max 30 VDC
84 Vp-p (AC)
42 Vp (f/w rect. AC)
Serial data interfaces SDI-12, RS-232, RS-485, RS-422
Communication protocols SDI-12 v1.3, ASCII automatic & polled, NMEA
0183 v3.0 with query option
Table 50 WMT50 Operating Conditions

Housing protection class IP55
Temperature
Operation -52 ... +60 °C (-60 ... +140 °F)
Storage -60 ... +70 °C (-76 ... +158 °F)
Relative humidity 0 ... 100 %RH
Pressure 600 ... 1100 hPa
Wind Wind 0 ... 60 m/s
Electromagnetic EN61326: 1997 + Am 1:1998 + Am2:2001
compatibility Electrical equipment for measurement, control
and laboratory use - EMC requirements;
Generic environment
Table 51 WMT50 Materials

Housing Polycarbonate + 20 % glass fibre
Weight
WMT50 510 g
with mounting adapter 595 g
182 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Table 52 WMT50 General

Self-diagnostic Separate supervisor message, unit/status
fields to validate measurement stability
Start-up Automatic, <5 seconds from power on to the
first valid output
Compass Specifications
Table 53 QCO201 Compass Specifications - General
Heading accuracy 1° (+75 ... -20 °C)
3° (-20 ... -50 °C)
Repeatability 0.1°
Hysteresis 0.1°
Tilt Range ±60° Pitch and Roll
Pitch & Roll accuracy 0° to +30° = 0.4° (+75 ... -20 °C)
+30° to +60° = 1.0° (+75 ... -20 °C)
0° to +60° = 3.0° (-20 ... -50 °C)
Pitch & Roll resolution 0.1°
Pitch & Roll hysteresis 0.2°
Pitch & Roll repeatability 0.2°
Compensation Hard Iron Distortions
Ferrous Objects
Stray Fields
Max. update rate 8 Hz
Magnetic field range ±2 gauss
Magnetic field resolution 0.1 milli-gauss
Size HxWxD in mm 80x82x65
Operating temperature -50 ... +75 °C
Table 54 QCO201 Compass Specifications - Electrical

Digital interface RS232 2400-19200bps
RS485 4-w 2400-19200bps
Supply voltage +6 ... +16 VDC
Max. power consumption 400 mW
Table 55 QCO201 Compass Specifications - Environmental

IP- class IP66 / IP67
Vibration IEC/EN 60945
EMC IEC/EN 60945
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GPS Specifications
Table 56 GPS Specifications
GPS Receiver Differential-ready 12 parallel channel receiver
continuously tracks and uses up to twelve
satellites to compute and update a position.
Sensitivity -165 dBW minimum
Acquisition Times Reacquisition: < 2 seconds
15 seconds warm (all data known)
45 seconds cold (initial position, time and almanac
known, ephemeris unknown)
5 minutes AutoLocate® (almanac known, initial
position and time unknown)
5 minutes search the sky (no data known)
Update Rate 1 second, continuous (programmable from 1
second to 15 minutes between NMEA 0183
updates in 1 second increment)
Accuracy DGPS: 1-5 meters RMS (optional)
Non-differential GPS: 15 meters RMS (100 meters
with Selective Availability at maximum)
Velocity accuracy 0.1 knot RMS steady state (subject to Selective
Availability)
Dynamics 999 knots; 6g's
Map datums 108 predefined, 1 user
Serial interfaces Port 1: True RS-232 output, asynchronous serial
input compatible with RS-232 or TTL voltage
levels, RS-232 polarity
Port 2: Asynchronous serial input only, compatible
with RS-232 or TTL voltage levels, RS-232 polarity
Baud rates 300/600/1200/2400/4800/9600/19200/38400
Serial formats Port 1: Selectable between NMEA 0183 v2.00,
NMEA 0183 v3.00, and Garmin® binary formats;
NMEA 0183 v2.0 (ASCII); Approved output
sentences: GPALM, GPGGA, GPGLL, GPGSA,
GPGSV, GPRMC, GPVTG; Proprietary sentences:
PGRMB, PGRME, PGRMF, PGRMM, PGRMT,
PGRMV
Port 2: RTCM input only; RTCM SC-104

differential input message types 1, 2, 3, 7 and 9
PPS output 1 Hz pulse, programmable width, 1 microsecond

accuracy
Power control OFF - open
ON - pull down to less than 0.3 VDC
Antenna Built in
Physical Size 86 mm diameter, 42 mm high
Weight 6.7 oz. (190 g) without cable; 16.4 oz. (465 g) with
30 foot cable
Operating -30°C to +80°C (internal temperature)
Temperature
184 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A


Storage Temperature -40°C to +80°C
Memory backup Internal rechargeable 3V Lithium coin cell battery ,
up to 10 year life
Input Voltage 6 to 40 VDC, unregulated
Input Current 100 mA @ 6 Vdc; 65 mA @ 12 Vdc; 28 mA @ 40
Vdc
Air Temperature and Humidity

Sensor Specifications
Table 57 QMH102 - Humidity Specifications
Measurement range 0.8...100 %RH
Output scale 0...100 %RH equals 0-1 VDC
Accuracy at +20 ºC (including
non-linearity and hysteresis):
Against factory ±1 %RH
references
Field calibration against ±2 %RH (0...90 %RH)
references
±3 %RH (90...100 %RH)
Typical long-term stability better than 1 %RH per year

Temperature dependence ±0.05 %RH/°C
Response time (90%) at +20 15 s with membrane filter
°C
Humidity sensor HUMICAP®180
Table 58 QMH102 - Temperature Specifications

Measurement range -40...+60 °C
Output signal resistive four wire connection
Temperature sensor Pt 100 IEC 751 1/3 Class B
Table 59 QMH102 - General Specifications

Operating temperature range -40...+60 °C
Storage temperature range -40...+80 °C
Supply voltage 7...35 VDC
Settling time 500 ms
Power consumption < 4 mA
Output load >10 kohm (to ground)
Weight 350 g (including package)
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Cable length 3.5 m
Housing material ABS plastic
Housing classification IP 65 (NEMA 4)
(electronics)
Sensor protection (standard) Membrane filter, part no. 2787HM
Table 60 QMH102 - Electrical Specifications

Electromagnetic compatibility
Emissions Radiated interference, test setup according
to EN55022
Immunity
Radiated interference Level 3 (10 V/m) (Test setup according to
IEC 1000-4-3)
Electrostatic discharge Level 4 (Test setup according to IEC 801-4)

Specifications
Table 61 DTS12W Water-level Sensor Specifications
Sensing element Platinum resistance element (Pt-100)
Accuracy 1/4 DIN 43760 B; (±0.08 °C at 0 °C)
Sensitivity 0.385 ohm/°C
Measurement range –80 °C ... +80 °C
Housing material Stainless steel AISI 316
Probe Tube Ø 8 mm, thread M20, max. Ø 33 mm
Length 270 mm
Cable Screened multicore 4 × 0.22 mm + shield
Length 5 m, diameter Ø 5 mm
Connector MS3106E14S-2P
WD50 Display Specifications

Table 62 WD50 General Specifications Specifications
Type Multichannel averaging wind display
Material Aluminum frame, ABS case, gray
Weight 0.8 kg
Dimensions 144 × 144 × 65 mm (w × h × d), body
design allows 115 × 133 mm panel mounting
Mounting Desktop, panel, or wall (stand included)
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Chapter 12 _______________________________________________________Technical Data
heading text and alarm reason expression.
Operation Rotary switch 1 pc.
Double action push button 1 pc.
Display parameters configurable with a PC
terminal program via a serial line.
Table 70 DD50 Input/Output Specifications

Serial I/O -opto-isolated RS-485 input.
Applicable to RS-232 or current loop. -2-wire RS-
485 transceiver.
Optional I/O Communication module interface for isolated RS-
485, modem, etc.
Analog inputs 4 Channels: Voltage 0 ... 2.5 V or Current 0 ... 20
mA for analog sensors/transmitters.
Parallel printer connection for dot matrix printer
Relay coil drive 120 mA max. sink.
Electrical 20 screw terminals 1.5 mm2 max. wire dimensions.
connections Printer female DB-25 connector.
Table 71 DD50 Environmental Specifications

Storage temperature - 40 ... + 60 °C
Operating + 5 ... + 55 °C
temperature
Humidity Non-condensing
EMC CE-compliant
Vibration test According to IEC 68-2-64,
MIL-STD-167-1
The Digital display DD50 is designed to comply with the CE norms

for electromagnetic compatibility. The DD50 has successfully passed
the following emissions and immunity tests.
NOTE Tests have been done without grounding the cable shields to the
display, which would further improve the situation, if needed.
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Table 65 WD50 Power Supply Specifications

Supply voltage Isolated power supply for 24 VDC operation, min.
18 VDC, max. 32 VDC
Power consumption 35 W at max. brightness
Backup battery Internal 3 V lithium backup battery
Table 66 WD50 Alarms Specifications

Wind speed Selectable wind speed and direction, or cross and
tail
Diagnostics Self-diagnostics with an error indication
Table 67 WD50 Environmental Specifications

Operating temperature +5 ... +55 °C
Humidity 2 ... 100 %RH
EMC CE compliant
Vibration According to MIL-STD-167-1
DD50 Display Specifications

Table 68 DD50 General Specifications
Type General purpose digital display
Common Features Automatic brightness control.
Desk top, panel or wall installation.
Material Aluminum frame, ABS case, gray
Dimensions Max. 144 × 144 × 65 mm (w × h × d)
Height 120 mm, 30 mm from the rear
Enables 120 mm (UK) panel mounting
Weight 750 g
Supply voltage 10.5 ... 15.5 VDC.
Power consumption at max. brightness and max.
amount LEDs on 12 W
Table 69 DD50 User Interface Specifications

Data fields Numeric 3 lines, each 5-digit 7-segment
Data type indication 4-character alpha-numeric dot matrix fields.
Alarm and warning Back-illuminated LEDs.
indication 12-character alpha-numeric dot matrix. Field for
188 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

heading text and alarm reason expression.
Operation Rotary switch 1 pc.
Double action push button 1 pc.
Display parameters configurable with a PC
terminal program via a serial line.
Table 70 DD50 Input/Output Specifications

Serial I/O -opto-isolated RS-485 input.
Applicable to RS-232 or current loop. -2-wire RS-
485 transceiver.
Optional I/O Communication module interface for isolated RS-
485, modem, etc.
Analog inputs 4 Channels: Voltage 0 ... 2.5 V or Current 0 ... 20
mA for analog sensors/transmitters.
Parallel printer connection for dot matrix printer
Relay coil drive 120 mA max. sink.
Electrical 20 screw terminals 1.5 mm2 max. wire dimensions.
connections Printer female DB-25 connector.
Table 71 DD50 Environmental Specifications

Storage temperature - 40 ... + 60 °C
Operating + 5 ... + 55 °C
temperature
Humidity Non-condensing
EMC CE-compliant
Vibration test According to IEC 68-2-64,
MIL-STD-167-1
The Digital display DD50 is designed to comply with the CE norms

for electromagnetic compatibility. The DD50 has successfully passed
the following emissions and immunity tests.
NOTE Tests have been done without grounding the cable shields to the
display, which would further improve the situation, if needed.
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Table 72 DD50 Electromagnetic Compatibility Specifications

Radiated emissions EN55022 class B
Immunity/Conducted
susceptibility
Electrostatic discharge IEC 801-2:1991, contact 6 kV, air 15 kV
Fast transient burst IEC 801-4:1988, DC and signal lines 1 kV
RF field susceptibility IEC 1000-4-3:1995, 10 V/m
190 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Appendix A _________________________________________ FM-XII 13 SHIP Message Groups
APPENDIX A
FM-XII 13 SHIP MESSAGE GROUPS
This appendix describes the FM-XII 13 Ship Message Groups.
General
Each group is described as follows:

Group: WMO / IMMT-3 standard identification of group
Description: Data fields within group. If group contains several
variables, all of them are described.
Optionality: Mandatory group is included in every message.
Optional group is only included if user enters data.
Type: Automatic group is provided by data logger and PC.
Data of manual group is only included if user enters
the data. If group is marked automatic/editable, it will
be included automatically but observer may edit the
value.
Restrictions: Any limitations that are applied to the coded data
value either by data logger and/or PC.
Comments: Additional comments on the group. Note that static
parameters are often defined both in data logger and
in PC.
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USER'S GUIDE____________________________________________________________________
Section 0 Groups
Group: MiMiMjMj
Description: Report identification
Optionality: Mandatory
Type: Automatic
Restrictions: Constant value “BBXX”.
Comments: This value cannot be changed by the user.
Group: DDDD
Description: Ship call sign
Optionality: Mandatory
Type: Automatic
Restrictions: Freely chosen parameter, with maximum length of 8 characters.
Comments: Static parameter.
Group: YYGGiw
Description: 1) Day of month (YY)
2) Observation hour UTC (GG)
3) Wind indicator (iW) (0...1: m/s, 3...4: knots)
Optionality: Mandatory.
Type: Automatic.
Restrictions: 1) Day of month (YY) must be valid day of month (1 ... 31)
2) Observation hour UTC (GG) must be valid hour (00…23)
3) Wind indicator (iW) value must be within code table 1855.
Comments: Day of month and observation hour are automatically set by data logger / PC
clock. Wind indicator is a static parameter.
Group: 99LaLaLa
Description: 1) Group identifier (99).
2) Latitude (LaLaLa).
Type: Automatic / editable
Restrictions: 1) Group identifier (99) cannot be edited.
2) Latitude must be within values 000 … 900.
Comments: Latitude will be included automatically if weather station is equipped with
positioning devices.
192 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Group: QcLoLoLoLo
Description: 1) Quadrant of the globe (Qc).

2) Longitude (LoLoLoLo).
Type: Automatic / editable
Restrictions: 1) Quadrant of the globe (Qc) within code table 3333.
2) Longitude must be within values 0000 ... 1800.
Comments: Longitude will be included automatically if weather station is equipped with
positioning devices.
Section 1 Groups
Group: iRiXhVV
Description: 1) Precipitation information indicator (iR).

2) Working methods of station (iX).
3) Altitude of the lowest cloud base station (h).
4) Horizontal visibility (VV).
Type: Automatic / editable (iR , iX ). Manual (h, VV).
Restrictions: 1) Precipitation information indicator (iR) must be in code table 1819.
2) Working methods of station (iX) must be in code table 1860.
3) Altitude of the lowest cloud base station (h) must be in code table 1600.
4) Horizontal visibility (VV) must be in code table 4377.
Comments: Cloud and visibility data will be included automatically if weather station is
equipped with ceilometers and present weather sensors.
Group: Nddff
Description: 1) Total cloud coverage (N).

2) Wind direction, 10 min. average (dd).
3) Wind speed, 10 min. average (ff).
Type: Automatic / editable (dd, ff). Manual (N).
Restrictions: 1) Total cloud coverage (N) must be in code table 2700.
2) Wind direction, 10 min. average (dd) must be within 00 ... 36.
3) Wind speed, 10 min. average (ff) must be within 00 … 99.
VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 193

USER'S GUIDE____________________________________________________________________
Calm is indicated by dd = 00, ff =00. North wind is indicated by dd = 36.

Comments: -
Group: 1SnTTT

2) Air temperature indicator (Sn).
3) Air temperature (TTT).
Type: Automatic / editable .
2) Air temperature indicator (Sn) must be in code table 3845.
3) Air temperature (TTT) must be within 000 … 999.
Comments: -
Group: 2SnTdTdTd

2) Dew point temperature indicator (Sn).
3) Dew point temperature (TdTdTd).
Type: Automatic / editable.
2) Dew point temperature indicator (Sn) must be in code table 3845.
3) Dew point temperature (TdTdTd) must be within 000 … 999.
Comments: Additional data validation constraints are included within the application.
Group: 4PPPP

2) Pressure reduced to mean sea level (PPPP).
2) Pressure reduced to mean sea level (PPPP) must be within 0000 … 0850 or
8700 … 9999.
Comments: -
194 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Group: 5appp

2) Pressure tendency characteristic, 3 hours (a).
3) Pressure tendency amount, 3 hours (ppp).
2) Pressure tendency characteristic, 3 hours (a) must be in code table 0200.
3) Pressure tendency amount, 3 hours (ppp) must be within 000 … 999.
Comments: -
Group: 7wwW1W2

2) Present weather (ww).
3) Past weather 1 (W1).
4) Past weather 2 (W2).
Optionality: Optional.
Type: Manual.
2) Present weather (ww) must be in code table 4677.
3) Past weather 1 (W1) must be in code table 4561.
4) Past weather 2 (W2) must be in code table 4561.
Comments: Present and past weather data will be included automatically if weather station is
equipped with present weather sensors. Additional data validation constraints are
included within the application.
Group: 8NhCLCMCH

2) Total coverage of lower clouds (Nh).
3) Low level cloud type (CL).
4) Middle level cloud type (CM).
5) High level cloud type (CH).
Type: Manual.
2) Total coverage of lower clouds (Nh) must be in code table 2700.
3) Low level cloud type (CL) must be in code table 0513.
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USER'S GUIDE____________________________________________________________________
4) Middle level cloud type (CM) must be in code table 0515.

5) Middle level cloud type (CH) must be in code table 0509.
Section 2 Groups
Group: 222Dsvs

2) Direction of ship net movement during three hours (Ds).
3) Average speed of ship during three hours (vs).
2) Direction of ship net movement during three hours (Ds) must be in code table
0700.
3) Average speed of ship during three hours (vs) must be in code table 4451.
Comments: -
Group: 0SsTwTwTw

2 Water temperature indicator (Ss).
3) Water temperature (TwTwTw).
2) Water temperature indicator (Ss) must be in code table 3845.
3) Water temperature (TwTwTw) must be within 000 … 999.
Comments: -
Group: 2PwPwHwHw

2 Non-instrumentally determined wave period (s) (PwPw).
196 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

3) Non-instrumentally determined wave height (0.5 m unit) (HwHw).

Type: Manual.
2) Non-instrumentally determined wave period (s) (PwPw) must be within 00 ...
99.
3) Non-instrumentally determined wave height (0.5 m unit) (HwHw) must be
within 00 ... 99.
Comments: -
Group: 3dw1dw1dw2dw2

2) Direction of primary swells (dw1dw1).
3) Direction of secondary swells (dw2dw2).
Type: Manual.
2) Direction of primary swells (dw1dw1) must be in code table 0877.
3) Direction of secondary swells (dw2dw2) must be in code table 0877.
Comments: -
Group: 4Pw1Pw1Hw1Hw1

2) Swell period (Pw1Pw1).
3) Height of swells (Hw1Hw1).
Type: Manual.
2) Swell period (Pw1Pw1) must be within 00 … 99.
3) Height of swells (Hw1Hw1) must be within 00 … 99.
Comments: -
Group: 5Pw2Pw2Hw2Hw2

2) Swell period (secondary swells) (Pw2Pw2).
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USER'S GUIDE____________________________________________________________________
3) Height of secondary swells (Hw2Hw2).

Type: Manual.
2) Swell period (secondary swells) (Pw2Pw2) must be within 00 … 99.
3) Height of secondary swells (Hw2Hw2) must be within 00 … 99.
Comments: -
Group: 6IsEsEsRs

2) Ice accretion in ships (Is).
3) Thickness of ice accretion (cm) (EsEs).
4) Rate of ice accretion (Rs).
Type: Manual.
2) Ice accretion in ships (Is) must be in codetable 1751.
3) Thickness of ice accretion (cm) (EsEs) must be within 00 … 99.
4) Rate of ice accretion (Rs) must be in codetable 3551.
Comments: -
Group: 8SwTbTbTb

2) Wet bulb temperature indicator (Sw).
3) Wet bulb temperature (TbTbTb).
Type: Manual.
2) Wet bulb temperature indicator (Sw) must be in codetable 3485.
3) Wet bulb temperature (TbTbTb) must be within 000 … 999.
Group: ICEciSibiDizi
Description: 1) Group identifier (ICE).

2) Concentration or arrangement of sea ice (ci).
3) Stage of development (Si).
198 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

4) Ice of land origin (bi).

5) True bearing of principal ice edge (Di).
6) Present ice situation and trend over preceding three hours (zi).
Type: Manual.
Restrictions: 1) Group identifier (ICE) cannot be edited.
2) Concentration or arrangement of sea ice (ci) must be in codetable 0639.
3) Stage of development (Si) must be in codetable 5239.
4) Ice of land origin (bi) must be in codetable 0439.
5) True bearing of principal ice edge (Di) must be in codetable 0739.
6) Present ice situation and trend over preceding three hours (zi) must be in
codetable 5239.
VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 199

USER'S GUIDE____________________________________________________________________
200 _________________________________________________________________ M210891EN-A

Appendix B ________________________________________________ IMMT-3 Message Groups
APPENDIX B
IMMT-3 MESSAGE GROUPS
This chapter contains the description of the IMMT-3 Message groups.
See the following pages.
VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 201

IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
Appendix B – page 22
Annex 1 to Recommendation 9 (JCOMM-II)
AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON MARINE METEOROLOGICAL

SERVICES AND
GUIDE TO MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES
LAYOUT FOR THE INTERNATIONAL MARITIME METEOROLOGICAL TAPE (IMMT)
[VERSION IMMT-3]
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
Element Character Code Element Coding procedure

Number Number
1 1 iT Format/temperature indicator 3=IMMT format with temperatures in

tenths of °C
4=IMMT format with temperatures in
halves of °C
5=IMMT format with temperatures in
whole °C
2 2-5 AAAA Year UTC Four digits
3 6-7 MM Month UTC 01 - 12 January to December
4 8-9 YY Day UTC 01 - 31
5 10-11 GG Time of observation Nearest whole hour UTC, WMO

specifications
6 12 Qc Quadrant of the globe WMO code table 3333
7 13-15 L aL aL a Latitude Tenths of degrees, WMO specifications
8 16-19 LoLoLoLo Longitude Tenths of degrees
9 20 Cloud height (h) and visibility (VV) 0 - h and VV estimated

measuring indicator 1 - h measured, VV estimated
2 - h and VV measured
3 - h estimated, VV measured
10 21 h Height of clouds WMO code table 1600
11 22-23 VV Visibility WMO code table 4377
12 24 N Cloud amount Oktas, WMO code table 2700; show 9

where applicable
13 25-26 DD True wind direction Tens of degrees, WMO code table 0877;
show 00 or 99
where applicable
14 27 iw Indicator for wind speed WMO code table 1855
15 28-29 ff Wind speed Tens and units of knots or meters per

second, hundreds
omitted; values in excess of 99 knots are
to be indicated
in units of meters per second and iw
encoded accordingly;
the method of estimation or measurement
and the units
used (knots or meters per second) are
indicated in
element 14
16 30 sn Sign of temperature WMO code table 3845
17 31-33 TTT Air temperature Tenths of degrees Celsius
18 34 st Sign of dew-point temperature 0 - positive or zero measured dew-point

temperature
1 - negative measured dew-point
temperature
2 - iced measured dew-point temperature
5 - positive or zero computed dew-point
temperature
6 - negative computed dew-point
temperature
7 - iced computed dew-point temperature
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
19 35-37 TdTdTd Dew-point temperature Tenths of degrees Celsius
20 38-41 PPPP Air pressure Tenths of hectopascals

Number Number
21 42-43 ww Present weather WMO code table 4677 or 4680
22 44 W1 Past weather WMO code table 4561 or 4531
23 45 W2 Past weather WMO code table 4561 or 4531
24 46 Nh Amount of lowest clouds As reported for CL or, if no CL cloud is

present, for CM,
in oktas; WMO code table 2700
25 47 CL Genus of CL clouds WMO code table 0513
26 48 CM Genus of CM clouds WMO code table 0515
27 49 CH Genus of CH clouds WMO code table 0509
28 50 sn Sign of sea-surface temperature WMO code table 3845
29 51-53 TwTwTw Sea surface temperature Tenth of degrees Celsius
30 54 Indicator for sea-surface 0 - Bucket thermometer

temperature measurement 1 - Condenser inlet
2 - Trailing thermistor
3 - Hull contact sensor
4 - ”Through hull” sensor
5 - Radiation thermometer
6 - Bait tanks thermometer
7 - Others
31 55 Indicator for wave measurement 0 - Wind sea and swell

estimated
Shipborne 1 - Wind sea and swell
measured
wave 2 - Mixed wave
measured, swell estimated
recorder 3 - Other combinations
measured and
estimated
4 - Wind sea and swell
measured
Buoy 5 - Mixed wave
6 - Other combinations
measured and
estimated
7 - Wind sea and swell
measured
Other 8 - Mixed wave
measurement 9 - Other combinations
measured and
system estimated
32 56-57 PwP w Period of wind waves or of Whole seconds; show 99 where applicable
in
measured waves accordance with Note (3) under
specification of
PwP w in the Manual on Codes
33 58-59 HwH w Height of wind waves or of Half-meter values. Examples: Calm or less
than 1/4m
measured waves to be encoded 00; 31/2m to be encoded 07;
7m to be encoded 14; 111/2m to be
encoded 23
34 60-61 dw1dw1 Direction of predominant Tens of degrees, WMO code table 0877;
encoded 00
swell waves or 99 where applicable.
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
Blanks = No observation of waves

attempted
35 62-63 Pw1P w1 Period of predominant Whole seconds; encoded 99 where

applicable
swell waves (see under element 32)
36 64-65 Hw1H w1 Height of predominant swell waves Half-meter values (see under element 33)
37 66 Is Ice accretion on ships WMO code table 1751
38 67-68 EsEs Thickness of ice accretion In centimeters
39 69 Rs Rate of ice accretion WMO code table 3551
40 70 Source of observation 0 - Unknown

1 - Logbook
National
2 - Telecommunication channels
3 - Publications
4 - Logbook
International
5 - Telecommunication channels data
exchange
6 – Publications

Number Number
41 71 Observation platform 0 - unknown

1 - Selected ship
2 - Supplementary ship
3 - Auxiliary ship
4 - Automated station/data buoy
5 - Fixed sea station
6 - Coastal station
7 - Aircraft
8 - Satellite
9 - Others ....
42 72-78 Ship identifier Ship’s call sign or other identifier encoded

as follows:
7 characters call sign Columns 72–78
43 79-80 Country which has recruited According to the two-character alphabetical

codes assigned by
the ship the International Organization for
Standardization (ISO)
44 81 National use
45 82 Quality control indicator 0 - No quality control (QC)

1 - Manual QC only
2 - Automated QC only /MQC (no time-
sequence checks)
3 - Automated QC only (inc. time sequence
checks)
4 - Manual and automated QC (superficial;
no automated
time-sequence checks)
5 - Manual and automated QC (superficial;
including
time-sequence checks)
6 - Manual and automated QC (intensive,
including
automated time-sequence checks)
7 & 8 - Not used
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
9 - National system of QC (information to

be
furnished to WMO)
46 83 ix Weather data indicator 1 - Manual

4 - Automatic If present and past
weather data included
Code tables 4677 and
4561 used
7 - Automatic If present and past
weather data included
Code tables 4680 and
4531 used
47 84 iR Indicator for inclusion or omission WMO code table 1819

of precipitation data
48 85-87 RRR Amount of precipitation which has WMO code table 3590
fallen during the period preceding
the time of observation, as indicated
by t R
49 88 tR Duration of period of reference for WMO code table 4019

amount of precipitation, ending at
the time of the report
50 89 sw Sign of wet-bulb temperature 0 - positive or zero measured wet-bulb

temperature
1 - negative measured wet-bulb
temperature
2 - iced measured wet-bulb temperature
5 - positive or zero computed wet-bulb
temperature
6 - negative computed wet-bulb
temperature
7 - iced computed wet-bulb temperature
51 90-92 TbTbTb Wet-bulb temperature In tenths of degree Celsius, sign given

by element 50
52 93 aCharacteristic of pressure tendency WMO code table 0200

during the three hours preceding
the time of observation
Number Number
53 94-96 ppp Amount of pressure tendency at In tenths of hectopascal

station level during the three hours
preceding the time of observation
54 97 Ds True direction of resultant WMO code table 0700

displacement of the ship during
the three hours preceding the time
of observation
55 98 vs Ship’s average speed made good WMO code table 4451

during the three hours preceding
the time of observation
56 99-100 dw2dw2 Direction of secondary swell waves Tens of degrees, WMO code table
0877;
encoded 00 or 99 where applicable.
Blanks = No observation of waves
attempted
57 101-102Pw2P w2 Period of secondary swell waves Whole seconds; encoded 99 where

applicable
(see under element 32)
58 103-104Hw2H w2 Height of secondary swell waves Half-meter values (see under element
33)
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
59 105 ci Concentration or arrangement WMO code table 0639

of sea ice
60 106 Si Stage of development WMO code table 3739
61 107 bi Ice of land origin WMO code table 0439
62 108 Di True bearing of principal ice edge WMO code table 0739
63 109 zi Present ice situation and trend of WMO code table 5239
conditions over the preceding three hours
64 110 FM 13 code version 0 = previous to FM 24-V

1 = FM 24-V
2 = FM 24-VI Ext.
3 = FM 13-VII
4 = FM 13-VIII
5 = FM 13-VIII Ext.
6 = FM 13-IX
7 = FM 13-IX Ext.
8 = FM 13-X, etc.
65 111 IMMT version 0 = IMMT version just prior to version

number being
included
1 = IMMT-1 (in effect from Nov.

1994)
2 = IMMT-2 (in effect from Jan.
2003)
3 = IMMT-3 (in effect from Jan.
2006)
4 = IMMT-4 (next version)
etc.
66 112 Q1 Quality control indicator for (h) 0 - no quality control (QC) has been
performed
in this element
1 - QC has been performed; element
appears to be correct
appears
to be inconsistent with other elements
appears to be doubtful
appears to be erroneous
5 - The value has been changed as a
result of QC
6 - 8 Reserve
9 - The value of the element missing
67 113 Q2 QC indicator for (VV) - idem -
68 114 Q3 QC indicator for (clouds: - idem -
elements 12, 24–27)
69 115 Q4 QC indicator for (dd) - idem -
70 116 Q5 QC indicator for (ff) - idem -
Number Number
71 117 Q6 QC indicator for (TTT) - idem -
72 118 Q7 QC indicator for (TdTdTd) - idem -
73 119 Q8 QC indicator for (PPPP) - idem -
74 120 Q9 QC indicator for (weather: - idem -

elements 21–23)
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
75 121 Q10 QC indicator for (TwTwTw) - idem -
76 122 Q11 QC indicator for (PwP w) - idem -
77 123 Q12 QC indicator for (HwH w) - idem -
78 124 Q13 QC indicator for (swell: elements - idem -

34–36, 56–58)
79 125 Q14 QC indicator for (iRRRRtR) - idem -
80 126 Q15 QC indicator for (a) - idem -
81 127 Q16 QC indicator for (ppp) - idem -
82 128 Q17 QC indicator for (Ds) - idem -
83 129 Q18 QC indicator for (vs) - idem -
84 130 Q19 QC indicator for (tbtbtb) - idem -
85 131 Q20 QC indicator for ships’ position - idem -
86 132 Q21 Minimum quality control standards (MQCS) 1 = MQCS- I (Original version, Feb.
1989)CMM-X
version identification 2 = MQCS-II ( Version 2, March
1997) CMM-X11
3 = MQCS-III (Version 3, April 2000)
SGMC-VIII
4 = MQCS-IV (Version 4, June 2001) JCOMM-I
5 = MQCS-V (Version 5, July 2004) ETMC-I
etc.
Additional Requirements for the VOSClim Project
87 133-135 HDG Ship's heading; the direction to (000-360); e.g.

which the bow is pointing, 360 = North
referenced to true North. 000 = No Movement
090 = East
88 136-138 COG Ship's ground course; the direction (000-360); e.g.

the vessel actually moves over the 360 = North
fixed earth and referenced to True North 000 = No Movement
090 = East
89 139-140 SOG Ship's ground speed; the speed the (00-99); Round to
vessel actually moves over the fixed nearest whole knot
earth.
90 141-142 SLL Maximum height in meters of deck cargo (00-99); report to nearest whole
meter
above Summer maximum load line.

Number Number
91 143-145 sLhh Departure of reference level (Summer Position 143 (sL) sign position;,
maximum load line) from actual sea 0 = positive or zero, 1 = negative
level. Consider the difference
positive when the Summer maximum Positions 144-145 (hh); (00-99) is
the
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
load line is above the level of the sea difference to the nearest whole
meter
and negative if below the water line. between the Summer maximum
load line
and the sea level.
92 146-148 RWD Relative wind direction in degrees Relative wind direction; e.g. 000
= no
off the bow. apparent relative wind speed
(calm onditions
on deck). Reported direction for
relative
wind = 001-360 degrees in a
clockwise
direction off the bow of the ship.
When
directly on the bow, RWD = 360.
93 149-151 RWS Relative wind speed reported in Reported in either whole knots or
whole
units indicated by iW (knots or m/s). meters per second (e.g. 010 knots
or 005
m/s). Units established by iW as
indicated
in Character Number 27.
Note: Since the relative wind speed can be greater than the true wind speed e.g., iW indicates knots and ff = 98,
the relative wind speed may be 101 knots; therefore, three positions must be allocated since iW cannot be
adjusted and the relative wind speed converted to meters per second as is done in element 15.
94 152 Q22 Quality control indicator for (HDG) 0 - no quality control (QC) has been
performed
in this element
appears to be correct
appears
to be inconsistent with other elements
appears to be doubtful
appears to be erroneous
5 - The value has been changed as a
result of QC
6 - 8 Reserve
9 - The value of the element missing
95 153 Q23 QC indicator for (COG) - idem –
96 154 Q24 QC indicator for (SOG) - idem –
97 155 Q25 QC indicator for (SLL) - idem –
98 156 Q26 QC indicator for (SL) - idem –
99 157 Q27 QC indicator for (hh) - idem –
100 158 Q28 QC indicator for (RWD) - idem –
101 159 Q29 QC indicator for (RWS) - idem -

IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
Note: Most of the codes (groups of letters) in the IMMT format with the exception of those added for the
VOSCLIM project are defined in the Manual on Codes (WMO Pub.No. 306) as they basically mirror the code
groups used in FM 13-X Ship code. Because CBS was not persuaded to expand the FM 13-X Ship code for
the VOSCLIM project the additional observed elements (selected codes) will not appear in WMO Manual on
Codes (Pub. 306). Therefore an effort was made to select unique codes (groups of letters) not defined in
WMO Pub. 306 for the elements added to the IMMT-2 format version modified for the VOSCLIM project.
This was deliberately done to try and prevent a difference in meaning for a given code group (identical
symbolic letters) in Pub. 306 versus that in IMMT. Presumably none of the Character Code formats will be
altered in the future by CBS.
Annex 2 to Recommendation 9 (JCOMM-II)
AMENDMENTS TO THE MANUAL ON MARINE

METEOROLOGICALSERVICES AND
GUIDE TO MARINE METEOROLOGICAL SERVICES
MINIMUM QUALITY CONTROL STANDARDS

MQCS-V (Version 5, June 2004)
Δ = space (ASCII 32)
Element Error Action

1 iT ≠ 3 – 5, Δ Correct manually otherwise = Δ
2 AAAA ≠ valid year Correct manually otherwise reject
3 MM ≠ 01 - 12 Correct manually otherwise reject
4 YY ≠ valid day of month Correct manually otherwise reject
5 GG ≠ 00 - 23 Correct manually otherwise reject
6 Q ≠ 1, 3, 5, 7 Correct manually and Q20 = 5,
otherwise Q20 = 4
Q=Δ Q20 = 2
7 LaLaLa ≠ 000-900 Correct manually and Q20 = 5,
otherwise Q20 = 4
LaLaLa = ΔΔΔ Q20 = 2
8 LoLoLoLo ≠ 0000-1800 Correct manually and Q20 = 5,
otherwise Q20 = 4
LoLoLoLo = ΔΔΔΔ Q20 = 2
LaLaLa = LoLoLoLo = ΔΔΔ(Δ) Correct manually otherwise reject
Time sequence checks

Change in latitude > 0.7° /hr Correct manually otherwise Q20 = 3
Change in longitude > 0.7° /hr Correct manually otherwise Q20 = 3
when lat. 00-39.9
when lat. 40-49.9
when lat. 50-59.9
when lat. 60-69.9
when lat. 70-79.9
9 No checking
10 h ≠ 0-9, Δ Correct manually and Q1 = 5,
otherwise Q1 = 4
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
h=Δ Q1 = 9
11 VV ≠ 90-99, ΔΔ Correct manually and Q2 = 5,
otherwise Q2 = 4
VV = ΔΔ Q2 = 9
12 N ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually and Q3 = 5,
otherwise Q3 = 4
N < Nh Correct manually and Q3 = 5,
otherwise Q3 = 2
13 dd ≠ 00-36, 99 Correct manually and Q4 = 5,
otherwise Q4 =4
dd = ΔΔ, // Q4 = 9
dd versus ff
dd = 00, ff ≠ 00 Correct manually and Q4 or Q5 = 5
otherwise
Q4 = Q5 = 2
dd ≠ 00, ff = 00 Correct manually and Q4 or Q5 = 5
otherwise
Q4 = Q5 = 2
14 iw ≠ 0, 1, 3, 4 Correct manually, otherwise Q5 = Q29

=4
15 ff > 80 knots Correct manually and Q5 = 5,
otherwise Q5 = 3
ff = ΔΔ, // Q5 = 9
16 sn ≠ 0, 1 Correct manually, otherwise Q6 = 4
17 TTT = ΔΔΔ, /// Q6 = 9
If -25 > TTT >40 then
when Lat. < 45.0
TTT < -25 Q6 = 4
TTT > 40 Q6 = 3
when Lat. ≥ 45.0

TTT < -25 Q6 = 3
TTT > 40 Q6 = 4
TTT versus humidity parameters
TTT < WB (wet bulb) Correct manually and Q6 = 5,

otherwise Q6 = Q19 = 2
TTT < DP (dew point) Correct manually and Q6 = Q7 = 5,
otherwise Q6 =
Q7 = 2
18 st ≠ 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 Correct manually, otherwise Q7 =4
19 DP > WB Correct manually and Q7 = 5,
otherwise Q7 = Q19 = 2
DP > TTT Correct manually and Q7 = 5,
otherwise Q7 = Q6 =2
WB = DP = Δ Δ Δ Q7 = 9
20 930 > PPPP > 1050 hPa Correct manually and Q8 = 5,
otherwise Q8 = 3
870 > PPPP > 1070 hPa Correct manually and Q8 = 5,
otherwise Q8 = 4
PPPP = Δ Δ Δ Δ Q8 = 9
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
21 ww = 22-24, 26, 36-39, 48, 49, Correct manually and Q9 = 5,

otherwise Q9= 4
56, 57, 66-79, 83-88
93-94 Correct manually and Q9 = 5,
otherwise Q9 = 3
and latitude <20 o
if ix = 7:
wawa = 24 - 25, 35, 47 - 48, Correct manually and Q9 = 5,
otherwise
54-56, 64-68, 70-78, 85-87 Q9= 4
and latitude <20o
22, 23 W1 or W2 = 7 and latitude <20o Correct manually and Q9 = 5,
otherwise Q9= 4
W1 < W2 Correct manually and Q9 = 5,
otherwise Q9 = 2
W1 = W2 = ww = ΔΔΔΔ Q9 = 9
24-27 N = 0, and NhCLCMCH ≠ 0000 Correct manually and Q3 = 5,
otherwise Q3 = 2
N = Δ, and NhCLCMCH ≠ ΔΔΔΔ Correct manually and Q3 = 5,
otherwise Q3 = 2
N = 9, and not (Nh =9 and Correct manually and Q3 = 5,
otherwise Q3 = 2
CLCMCH = ΔΔΔ)
N= Δ,/ and NhCLCMCH = ΔΔΔΔ,/ Q3 = 9
28 sn ≠ 0, 1 Correct manually otherwise Q10 = 4
29 TwTwTw = ΔΔΔ , /// Q10 = 9
if -2.0 > TwTwTw > 37.0 then
when Lat. < 45.0
TwTwTw < -2.0 Control manually and Q10 = 5,
otherwise Q10 = 4
TwTwTw > 37.0 Control manually and Q10 = 5,
otherwise Q10 = 3
when Lat. ≥ 45.0
TwTwTw < -2.0 Control manually and Q10 = 5,
otherwise Q10 = 3
TwTwTw > 37.0 Control manually and Q10 = 5,
otherwise Q10 = 4
30 Indicator ≠ 0-7, Δ Correct manually, otherwise Δ
31 Indicator ≠ 0-9, Δ Correct manually, otherwise Δ
32 20 < PwPw < 30 Q11 = 3

PwPw ≥ 30 and ≠ 99 Q11 = 4
PwPw = ΔΔ, // Q11 = 9
33 35< HwHw < 50 Q12 = 3

HwHw ≥ 50 Q12 = 4
HwHw = ΔΔ , // Q12 = 9
34 dw1 dw1 ≠ 00-36, 99, ΔΔ Correct manually and Q13 = 5,

otherwise Q13 = 4
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
swell1 = swell2 = Δ Q13 = 9

35 25 < P w1P w1 < 30 Q13 = 3
P w1P w1 ≥ 30 and ≠ 99 Q13 = 4
36 35 < H w1H w1 < 50 Q13 = 3
H w1H w1 ≥ 50 Q13 = 4
37 Is ≠ 1-5, Δ Correct manually, otherwise Δ
38 EsEs ≠ 00-99, ΔΔ Correct manually, otherwise ΔΔ
39 Rs ≠ 0-4, Δ Correct manually, otherwise Δ
40 Source ≠ 0-6 Correct manually, otherwise Δ
41 Platform ≠ 0-9 Correct manually, otherwise Δ
42 No call sign Insert manually, mandatory entry
43 No country code Insert manually
44 No Quality Control
45 Q ≠ 0-6, 9 Correct manually, otherwise Δ
46 ix ≠ 1-7 Correct manually, otherwise Δ
47 iR = 0-2 and RRR = 000, ///, ΔΔΔ Correct manually, otherwise Q14 = 4
iR = 3 and RRR ≠ ///, ΔΔΔ Correct manually, otherwise Q14 = 2
iR =4 and RRR ≠ ///, ΔΔΔ Correct manually, otherwise Q14 = 2
iR ≠ 0- 4 Correct manually, otherwise Q14 = 4
48 RRR ≠ 001 - 999 and iR = 1, 2 Correct manually and Q14 = 5,
otherwise Q14 = 2
49 tR ≠ 0-9, Δ Correct manually and Q14 = 5,
otherwise Q14 = 4
50 sw ≠ 0, 1, 2, 5, 6, 7 Correct manually, otherwise Q19 = 4
51 WB < DP Correct manually and Q19 = 5, otherwise Q19 =
Q7=2
WB = ///, ΔΔΔ Q19 = 9
WB > TTT Correct manually and Q19 = 5,
otherwise Q19 =Q6 = 2
52 a ≠ 0-8, Δ Correct manually and Q15 = 5,
otherwise Q15 = 4
a = 4 and ppp ≠ 000 Correct manually and Q15 or Q16 = 5,
otherwise
Q15=Q16=2
a =1,2,3,6,7,8 and ppp=000 Correct manually and Q15 or Q16 = 5,
otherwise
Q15=Q16 = 2
a= Δ Q15 = 9
53 250 ≥ ppp > 150 Correct manually and Q16 = 5,
otherwise Q16 = 3
ppp > 250 Correct manually and Q16 = 5
otherwise Q16 = 4
ppp = ΔΔΔ Q16 = 9
54 Ds ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually and Q17 = 5,
otherwise Q17 = 4
Ds = Δ, / Q17 = 9
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
55 Vs ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually and Q18 = 5,

otherwise Q18 = 4
Vs = Δ , / Q18 = 9
56 dw2dw2 ≠ 00-36, 99, ΔΔ Correct manually and Q13 = 5,
otherwise Q13 = 4
57 25 < Pw2Pw2 < 30 Q13 = 3
Pw2Pw2 ≥ 30 and ≠ 99 Q13 = 4
58 35 < Hw2Hw2 < 50 Q13 = 3

Hw2Hw2 ≥ 50 Q13 = 4
59 ci ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually, otherwise Δ
60 Si ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually, otherwise Δ
61 bi ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually, otherwise Δ
62 Di ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually, otherwise Δ
63 zi ≠ 0-9, Δ, / Correct manually, otherwise Δ
86 Minimum Quality Control 1= MQCS-I (Original version, Feb.

1989) CMM-X
Standards (MQCS) version 2= MQCS-II (Version 2, March 1997)
CMM-XII
identification 3= MQCS-III (Version 3, April 2000)
SGMC-VIII
4= MQCS-IV (Version 4, June 2001)
JCOMM-I
5= MQCS-V (Version 5, July 2004)
ETMC-I
87 HDG ≠ 000-360 correct manually and Q22 = 5,

otherwise Q22 = 4
HDG = ΔΔΔ, /// Q22 = 9
88 COG ≠ 000-360 correct manually and Q23 = 5,
otherwise Q23 = 4
COG = ΔΔΔ, /// Q23 = 9
89 SOG ≠ 00 - 99 correct manually and Q24 = 5,
otherwise Q24 = 4
SOG = ΔΔ, // Q24 = 9
SOG > 33 correct manually and Q24 = 5,
otherwise Q24 = 3
90 SLL ≠ 00-99 correct manually and Q25 = 5,
otherwise Q25 = 4
SLL = ΔΔ, // Q25 = 9
SLL > 32 correct manually and Q25 = 5,
otherwise Q25 = 3
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
91 sL ≠ 0,1 correct manually and Q26 = 5,

otherwise Q26 = 4
sL = Δ, / Q26 = 9
hh ≠ 00 – 99 correct manually and Q27 = 5,
otherwise Q27 = 4
hh = ΔΔ, // Q27 = 9
hh >= 13 correct manually and Q27 = 5,
otherwise Q27 = 3
hh < -01 correct manually and Q27 = 5,
otherwise Q27 = 4
92 RWD ≠ 000 - 360, 999 correct manually and Q28 = 5,
otherwise Q28 = 4
RWD = ΔΔΔ, /// Q28 = 9
93 RWS ≠ 000 - 999 correct manually and Q29 = 5,
otherwise Q29 = 4
RWS = ΔΔΔ, /// Q29 = 9
RWS > 110 kts correct manually and Q29 = 5,
otherwise Q29 = 3
RWD versus RWS

RWD = 000, RWS ≠ 000 correct manually and Q28 or Q29 = 5,
otherwise
Q28 = Q29 = 2
RWD ≠ 000, RWS = 000 correct manually and Q28 or Q29 = 5,
otherwise
Q28 = Q29 = 2
Specifications for quality control Indicators Q1 to Q29
0 No quality control (QC) has been performed on this element

1 QC has been performed; element appears to be correct
2 QC has been performed; element appears to be inconsistent with other

elements
3 QC has been performed; element appears to be doubtful
4 QC has been performed; element appears to be erroneous
5 The value has been changed as a result of QC
6 reserved for GCC
7 reserved for GCC
8 Reserve
IOC-WMO/JCOMM-II/3s
9 The value of the element is missing

Appendix C _______________________________________________________ Wiring Diagrams
APPENDIX C
WIRING DIAGRAMS
This chapter provides the default wiring diagrams for the most
common sensor options used in MAWS410.
NOTE If system-specific wiring diagrams are delivered with the product,

those will override the wiring diagrams presented here.
The wiring diagrams listed in Table 73 below are presented in the

following pages.
Table 73 MAWS410 Wiring Diagrams

Drawing Drawing Number
MAWS410 main wiring diagram (1) DRW225490, sheet 1
MAWS410 main wiring diagram (2) DRW225490, sheet 2
WS425 Connection to MAWS410 (RS-485) DRW227449
QCO201 connection to MAWS410 (RS-232) DRW227469
DTS12W connection to MAWS410 DRW227455
QMH102 connection to MAWS410 DRW227452
WAC151 connection to MAWS410 DRW228467
GPS17-HVS connection to MAWS410 DRW228469
VAISALA ______________________________________________________________________ 217

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USER'S GUIDE

Vaisala Maritime Observation System

Vaisala Oyj Phone (int.): +358 9 8949 1

Visit our Internet pages at http://www.vaisala.com/

The contents are subject to change without prior notice.

Application Settings .............................................................86

About This Manual

Contents of This Manual

- Chapter 1, General Information, provides general notes for the

- Chapter 9, DD50 Display Operation, provides information on using

- Appendix B, IMMT-3 Message Groups, contains the description of

General Safety Considerations

NOTE Note highlights important information on using the product.

Product Related Safety Precautions

WARNING Ground the product, and verify outdoor installation grounding

- Handle ESD sensitive components on a properly grounded and

Dispose of batteries and the unit according to statutory regulations.

IEC 60945: Maritime navigation and radiocommunication equipment

Lloyd's Register: LR type approval system, Marine and Offshore

IEC 60950: Information technology equipment - Safety - Part 1:

This page intentionally left blank.

This chapter introduces the product.

Introduction to Vaisala Maritime Observation

Built-in algorithms test each measurement to ensure data quality. For

The system processes, displays, stores, and transmits fully automated

The software is also available as a light version: a real- time weather

Figure 1 below presents the basic Vaisala Maritime Observation

Figure 1 Block Diagram of Vaisala Maritime Observation

In the light version of the software, only real-time weather data is

If there is no user present, the application will form a message using

In addition, a water temperature sensor is installed in the water intake

Figure 2 Mechanical Structure MAWS410

The following numbers refer to Figure 2 above:

Figure 3 Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WS425

Vaisala Ultrasonic Wind Sensor WS425 uses ultrasound to determine

The optional WS425 F/G is a special ice-free version of the WS425.

The optional WMT50 is Vaisala wind sensor using ultrasound to

The optional WA15 mechanical wind sensor consists of a Vaisala

Air Temperature and Humidity

Figure 4 QMH102 and Radiation Shield DTR13

The air temperature and humidity sensor QMH102 is protected under

Figure 5 Vaisala Electronic Compass QCO201

Vaisala Electronic Compass QCO201 is a tilt-compensated three-axis

Optionally, the ship's own gyro compass can be used.

Figure 6 GPS Sensor (Garmin GPS17HVS)

The GPS17 sensor includes embedded receiver and antenna. It tracks

Figure 7 Equipment Enclosure with Radiation Shield

The following numbers refer to Figure 7 above:

Figure 8 Enclosure with Optional Satellite Communications

Figure 9 QML201 Logger

QML201A is a complete data logger comprising of a highly

The QML201A has an internal Real-Time-Clock with resolution of 1

Power Supply Set

Figure 10 Power Supply Set

The ADC8220 output voltage is 15.0 VDC, which is used to power

The QSA224DC Surge Arrestor provides three tier protection to the

• Transil diodes will limit the common mode surge voltages on

• Resistors before transient suppression diodes reduce the surge

• Transient suppression diodes limit the differential over