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    Name: Muhammad Shahab Reg#no: 16bnele0772 Assignment: 02 Submitted To: Engr Fawad Assignment Title: QPSK and QAM16 Implementation in Matlab

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    Muhammad Shahab
    This document describes steps to implement QPSK and 16-QAM modulation in MATLAB: 1. Generate random bits and convert to QPSK symbols, generate the QPSK waveform through modulation, add AWGN noise, demodulate to recover bits and calculate BER. 2. Generate random 16-QAM symbols, modulate and add AWGN noise, demodulate by detecting symbol regions and calculating BER. 3. MATLAB code is provided to simulate the above steps for QPSK and 16-QAM modulation and plot the BER waterfall curve.

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    Name: Muhammad Shahab Reg#no: 16bnele0772 Assignment: 02 Submitted To: Engr Fawad Assignment Title: QPSK and QAM16 Implementation in Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shahab
    76 views5 pages
    This document describes steps to implement QPSK and 16-QAM modulation in MATLAB: 1. Generate random bits and convert to QPSK symbols, generate the QPSK waveform through modulation, add AWGN noise, demodulate to recover bits and calculate BER. 2. Generate random 16-QAM symbols, modulate and add AWGN noise, demodulate by detecting symbol regions and calculating BER. 3. MATLAB code is provided to simulate the above steps for QPSK and 16-QAM modulation and plot the BER waterfall curve.

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    QPSK and QAM16 implementation in matlab

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    Matlab_Assignment2_name_surname-

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    This document describes steps to implement QPSK and 16-QAM modulation in MATLAB: 1. Generate random bits and convert to QPSK symbols, generate the QPSK waveform through modulation, add AWGN noise, demodulate to recover bits and calculate BER. 2. Generate random 16-QAM symbols, modulate and add AWGN noise, demodulate by detecting symbol regions and calculating BER. 3. MATLAB code is provided to simulate the above steps for QPSK and 16-QAM modulation and plot the BER waterfall curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    76 views5 pages

    Name: Muhammad Shahab Reg#no: 16bnele0772 Assignment: 02 Submitted To: Engr Fawad Assignment Title: QPSK and QAM16 Implementation in Matlab

    Uploaded by

    Muhammad Shahab
    This document describes steps to implement QPSK and 16-QAM modulation in MATLAB: 1. Generate random bits and convert to QPSK symbols, generate the QPSK waveform through modulation, add AWGN noise, demodulate to recover bits and calculate BER. 2. Generate random 16-QAM symbols, modulate and add AWGN noise, demodulate by detecting symbol regions and calculating BER. 3. MATLAB code is provided to simulate the above steps for QPSK and 16-QAM modulation and plot the BER waterfall curve.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 5

    Name : Muhammad Shahab

    Reg#no : 16bnele0772
    Assignment : 02
    Submitted to : Engr Fawad
    Assignment Title :
    QPSK and QAM16 implementation in matlab
    Fowlling Steps
     First generate Random bits and
    Convert bits into QPSK symbols
     Then generate QPSK waveform by means of
    modulation.
     Then add AWGN noise to QPSK waveform and transmit the resulted QPSK
    signal to the other station
     And demodulate the received signal to recover
    original bits then calculate the Bit Error
    Rate(BER)
     At last Plot waterfall curve for BER vs
    Eb/No.
    Same procedure should apply for QAM-16 modulation.

    1-Matlab code of QPSK for a given task.


    clear all; %Clear all
    close all; %Close all
    l=1e6;
    EbNodB=0:2:10;
    EbNo=10.^(EbNodB/10);
    for n=1:length(EbNodB)
    si=2*(round(rand(1,l))-0.5);
    sq=2*(round(rand(1,l))-0.5);
    s=si+j*sq; %Adding both
    w=(1/sqrt(2*EbNo(n)))*(randn(1,l)+j*randn(1,l));
    r=s+w; %Received signal
    si_=sign(real(r));
    sq_=sign(imag(r));
    ber1=(l-sum(si==si_))/l;
    ber2=(l-sum(sq==sq_))/l;
    ber(n)=mean([ber1 ber2]);
    end
    semilogy(EbNodB, ber,'o-') %Plot
    xlabel('EbNo(dB)') %Label for x-axis
    ylabel('BER') %Label for y-axis
    grid on %Turning the grid on
    Plot curve for BER vs Eb/No.

    Curve explanation:

    In this program calculate the Bit Error Rate (BER) of QPSK in an Additive
    White Gaussian Noise (AWGN) channel.
    This modulation and demodulation is done at baseband. The (BER) curve illustrates the
    relationship between power in the transmitted signal in terms of signal to noise ratio (SNR) and
    the resulting BER for the system.
    2-Matlab code of 16-QAM for a given task.
    clear all;
    close all;
    N = 2*10^5; % number of symbols
    alpha16qam = [-3 -1 1 3]; % 16-QAM alphabets
    Es_N0_dB = [0:20];
    ipHat = zeros(1,N);
    for ii = 1:length(Es_N0_dB)
    ip = randsrc(1,N,alpha16qam) + j*randsrc(1,N,alpha16qam);
    s = (1/sqrt(10))*ip;
    n = 1/sqrt(2)*[randn(1,N) + j*randn(1,N)];
    y = s + 10^(-Es_N0_dB(ii)/20)*n;
    y_re = real(y);
    y_im = imag(y);
    ipHat_re(find(y_re< -2/sqrt(10))) = -3;
    ipHat_re(find(y_re > 2/sqrt(10))) = 3;
    ipHat_re(find(y_re>-2/sqrt(10) & y_re<=0)) = -1;
    ipHat_re(find(y_re>0 & y_re<=2/sqrt(10))) = 1;
    ipHat_im(find(y_im< -2/sqrt(10))) = -3;
    ipHat_im(find(y_im > 2/sqrt(10))) = 3;
    ipHat_im(find(y_im>-2/sqrt(10) & y_im<=0)) = -1;
    ipHat_im(find(y_im>0 & y_im<=2/sqrt(10))) = 1;
    ipHat = ipHat_re + j*ipHat_im;
    nErr(ii) = size(find([ip- ipHat]),2); % couting the number of errors
    end
    simBer = nErr/N;
    theoryBer = 3/2*erfc(sqrt(0.1*(10.^(Es_N0_dB/10))));
    close all
    figure
    semilogy(Es_N0_dB,theoryBer,'b.-','LineWidth',2);
    hold on
    semilogy(Es_N0_dB,simBer,'mx-','Linewidth',2);
    axis([0 20 10^-5 1])
    grid on
    legend('theory', 'simulation');
    xlabel('Es/No, dB')
    ylabel('Symbol Error Rate')
    title('Symbol error probability curve for 16-QAM modulation')
    Plot waterfall curve for BER vs Eb/No.

    Curve Explanation:
    To assess the performance of a higher order modulation system is to measure
    the (SER) or (BER) over a range of background noise (loading) conditions.
    Applying (AWGN), which has well defined mathematical properties, comparative analysis of
    different types of higher order modulation systems can be reliably performed.

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