1

4th NATIONAL MCQ EXAMINATION

NATIONAL BOARD OF EVALUATION, INDONESIAN COLLEGE OF PAEDIATRICS
NOVEMBER 19, 2008

SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER, put your answers in the answer sheet
Time allocation: 100 minutes

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

A newborn girl named Sitti presents to the evening nurse in the general care nursery with floppy tone and
dysmorphic features. She is born full term to a 28 – year – old G2 P1 whose first pregnancy resulted in a
healthy daughter. She has delivered a full – term 3 – kg girl. Pregnancy, labor, and delivery were all
uncomplicated. The obstetrician has told the parents that all went well.
A. What are the medical examination findings that occur in 50% but not in 90% of individuals with Down
syndrome ?
A. Mid – face hypoplasia
B. Excess nuchal skin
C. Small ears
D. Central hypotonia
E. Wide space between first and second toes
B. Your examination reveals a clustering of craniofacial dysmorphism, central hypotonia, and a strong
Moro. When you come in to discuss your concerns with the family, you should :
A. Talk to the father alone
B. Tell the nurse what to say to mother
C. Talk to both parents and describe what the process will involve
D. Talk to both parents and say that you do not know what to do for children with Down syndrome
E. Describe in detail all that children with Down syndrome cannot do
C. What medical concern listed below is not associated with GI malformations ?
A. Oligohydramnions
B. Vomiting after first feed
C. Delayed passage of meconium
D. Choking during feedings
E. Double bubble on abdominal radiograph
D. Which of the following cardiac malformations does not commonly occur in infants with Down
syndrome ?
A. Atrioventricular canal
B. Tetralogy of Fallot
C. Hypoplastic left heart syndrome
D. Atrial septal defects
E. Ventricular septal defects

IMMUNIZATION

A. An outbreak of measles is occurring in a large urban city. Measles vaccine can be administered to
children as young as :
A. 4 weeks
B. 4 months
C. 6 months
D. 9 months
E. 12 months

B. Compared with natural infection with varicella-zoster-virus, varicella vaccine is more likely to result in:
A. Herpes zoster
B. Transmission of virus to contacts
C. Mild varicella disease if breakthrough varicella occurs
D. The serious adverse event of encephalitis
E. Fever
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ENDOCRINOLOGY

A 10 – year – old boy comes into your office for a routine physical examination. His only complaint is that he
is shorter than all of his friends, and that he can’t ride the mega roller coaster at the local amusement park
because he is shorter than the requirement. You have followed this child for many years, but most visits have
been for illness, and his height has not been measured for the last few years. He is on no medications. He
reports occasional fatigue and occasional constipation. On physical examination, his height is less than the 3 rd
percentile and he is prepubertal

5. Of the following, which is the least likely to help with his diagnosis ?
A. Parental heights
B. Growth velocity
C. Actual height
D. Bone age
E. BMI

6. What is the most likely diagnosis if his growth rate is 5 cm/year, height age is 8
years, and bone age is 10 years ?
A. Constitutional delay of growth and puberty
B. Intrinsic short stature
C. Hypothyroidism
D. Growth hormone deficiency
E. Cushing’s syndrome

C. What is the most likely diagnosis if he has abnormal body proportions and a narrow interpedicular
distance in the lower lumbosacral area ?
A. Noonan’s syndrome
B. Achondroplasia
C. Hypochondroplasia
D. Klinefelter’s syndrome
E. Exogenous obesity

D. Which of the following is one of the most common causes of short stature in children ?
A. Familial intrinsic short stature
B. Growth hormone deficiency
C. Poor nutrition
D. Chronic illness
E. Hypothyroidism

INFECTIOUS DISEASE

E. An 18-month-old child presents to the emergency center having had a brief, generalized tonic clonic
seizure. He is now postictal and has a temperature of 40C. During the lumbar puncture (which proves
to be normal), he has a large, watery stool, that has both blood and mucus in it. The most likely
diagnosis in this patient is:
A. Salmonella
B. Enterovirus
C. Rotavirus
D. Campylobacter
E. Shigella

F. The 3-year-old sister of a newborn baby develops a cough diagnosed as pertussis

by nasopharyngeal culture. The mother gives a history of having been
immunized as a child. A correct statement regarding this clinical situation is:
A. The mother has no risk of acquiring the disease because she was immunized
B. Hyperimmune globulin is effective in protecting the infant
C. The risk to the infant depends on the immune status of the mother
D. Erythromycin should be administered to the infant
E. The 3-year-old sister should be immediately immunized with an additional dose of pertussis
vaccine
 3

G. A 14-month-old infant suddenly develops a fever of 40.2C. Physical examination shows an alert,
active infant who drinks milk eagerly. No physical abnormalities are noted. The white blood cell count
is 22.000/mm3 with 78% polymorphonuclear leucocytes, 18% of which are band forms. The most likely
diagnosis is:
A. Pneumococcal bacteremia
B. Roseola
C. Streptococcosis
D. Typhoid fever
E. Diphteria

H. A 4-year-old child presents in the clinic with mumps. Correct statements about this condition include
which of the following?
A. Arthritis is a common presenting complaint in children
B. The disease could have been prevented by prior immunization with killed whole cell vaccine
C. Involvement of the CNS may occur 10 days after the resolution of parotitis
D. Orchitis occur almost exclusively in prepubertal males
E. Subendocardial fibrolastosis is a common complication in this age child

GASTROENTEROLOGY

I. An awake, alert infant with a 2 day-history of diarrhea presents with a depressed fontanel, tachycardia,
sunken eyes, and the loss of skin elasticity. The appropriate percent of dehydration is:
A. Less than 1 percent
B. 1 percent to 5 percent
C. 5 percent to 9 percent
D. 10 percent to 15 percent
E. More than 20 percent

J. An 11-year-old child has been diagnosed with hepatitis C infection. Which of the following may be
considered in the treatment of chronic hepatitis C infection?
A. Active vaccination
B. Interferon
C. Gamma globulin
D. Zidovudine
E. Low protein diet

K. An 8-month-old child regularly regurgitates a large portion of her feeds. In the diagnostic evaluation of
gastroeosophageal reflux for this infant, the least helpful procedure is
A. Barium swallow and upper GI series
B. Urea breath test
C. Esophageal manometry
D. Esophageal pH probe
E. Technetium 99m scintiscan

L. A 55-day-old former 27-week premature infant is noted by the neonatal nurse to have a swelling in the
left groin extending into the scrotum but not involving the testicle. The swelling is not tender, firm, hot
or red, and it does not transilluminate. It seems to resolve with pressure, but returns when the infants
begin to perform the Valsalva maneuver. The most appropriate course of action at this point is to:
A. Obtain a surgical consultation
B. Perform a needle aspiration
C. Order a barium enema
D. Order a KUB
E. Do nothing, spontaneous resolution will occur
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NUTRITION

19. Syndrome of vitamin A deficiency is as follows: xerophthalmia, keratomalacia, hyperkeratosis, growth

failure and death. Which of the following option is most likely a part of the syndrome.
A. Conjunctivitis
B. Hordeolum
C. Bitot spots
D. Subconjunctival bleeding
E. Retinal ablation

20. Medium chain triglyceride or MCT is beneficial for certain conditions like
cholestasis and premature baby. An explanation for MCT recommendation in
those situations is:
A. MCT does not need any lipase for its digestion in guts
B. MCT may directly enter the enterocytes without any support of bile salt
C. MCT has a medium length of carbonic chain, therefore gastric juice easily break down it into small
fractions
D. MCT is a polyunsaturated fatty acid which is more accessible in binding bile salt
E. MCT stimulates the production of bile salt that promotes the absorption of dietary fats

NEUROLOGY

21. A 15 year- old male with a history of complex partial seizures recently moves into your practice
area. He comes into your office for a general physical examination. During the visit, he states that he has
been seizure – free for approximately 2 ½ years. His spells consisted of staring with automatisms, but
occasionally they would progress to generalized tonic – clonic seizures. As he is concerned about driving
next year, he asks you when he can go off his medication. He is currently treated with carbamazepine. The
most appropriate response would be which of the following ?
A. “Let’s obtain an EEG. If that test is normal, there is an approximately 70% chance you will be
seizure – free”.
B. “Never. Epilepsy is a lifelong condition”.
C. :Children with complex partial seizures need to be seizure – free for at least 5 years before a
decision can be made”.
D. “It all depends on the epilepsy syndrome or type and complex partial seizures seldom go into
remission”.
E. “If a child is seizure-free for two years it may be possible to stop their medication straight away”

22. Which of the following antiepileptic drugs are generally considered the first – and second – line
therapies for neonatal seizures ?
A. Diazepam and phenobarbital
B. Phenobarbital and phenytoin
C. Phenytoin and midazolam
D. Phenobarbital and lorazepam
E. Phenobarbital and valproic acid

22. Which of the following is the most common form of childhood seizures ?
A. Complex partial seizures
B. Absence seizures
C. Infantile spasms
D. Benign rolandic epilepsy
E. Febrile seizures

23. Which of the following statements is not true about febrile seizures ?
A. A febrile seizure is considered “complex” if it is prolonged, focal, or occurs multiple times per
febrile illness
B. A family history of febrile seizures in a first – or second – degree relative is a risk factor for the
development of febrile seizures
C. Developmental delay is a risk factor for the development of a first febrile seizure
D. Up to 10 % of patients with febrile seizures develop epilepsy
E. Carbamazepine and phenytoin are equally effective in the treatment of febrile seizures should one
consider treatment
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RESPIROLOGY

25. A 2 year old female child developed fever, cough and respiratory distress. On chest x-ray consolidation is
seen in right lower lobe. She improved with antibiotics but on follow up at 8 weeks was again found to have
increasing consolidation in right lower lobe and fever. Your next investigation would be ?
A. Bronchoscopy
B. Bacterial culture of the nasopharynx
C. CT scan of the chest
D. Allergen sensitivity test
E. Mantoux test

26. The new mother of a 3 week-old infant is concerned that her child is having breathing difficulty. She states
he is a noisy breather but has remained afebrile and sleeps/feeds well. After a history/physical exam, it
would be prudent to:
A. Begin iv antibiotics
B. Prescribe a decongestant
C. Reassure mom and send home with saline nasal spray
D. Begin albuterol nebulizer
E. Begin a bronchodilator

27. A patient comes into your office in severe respiratory distress with a deep barky cough and stridor. You
diagnose the child with croup and decide to admit the child.
Along with securing an airway what are other treatment options?
A. Albuterol jet nebulizer
B. Ice cream PO
C. Racemic epinephrine and steroids
D. No treatment options are available
E. Bronchodilator nebulizer

28. A 15 year old boy comes to your office for follow up of his reactive airway disease. He describes his
symptoms as daily and also experiencing nocturnal symptoms approximately 2x per week. Spirometry
performed in your office reveal that his FEV1/ PEFR is 75% of his predicted value.
These results classify his severity of asthma as:
A. Severe persistent
B. Moderate persistent
C. Mild persistent
D. Mild intermittent
E. Moderate intermittent

GENERAL PAEDIATRICS

49. A 15 year- old comes to you for a football physical. Which finding below in this child’s history would
preclude him from a contact sport?
A. Sickle cell disease
B. Asthma
C. Anemia
D. Patient has one kidney
E. Myalgia

HEMATOLOGY

29. A 5 year-old boy is brought for evaluation during winter by his mother because of recurrent nosebleeds.
They happen between one and three times a week, last 2 minutes, and are difficult to stop. This has been
going on for about 6 weeks.
All of the following would prompt you to explore the etiology of this boy’s nosebleeds except :
A. Nosebleeds that don’t stop within 2 minutes or more as a cut-off
B. Family history of bleeding disorder
C. Nosebleeds associated with fever and anemia
D. Nosebleeds with low thrombocyte on screening
E. Evidence of gum bleeding
 6

30 A 5 year-old boy awoke this morning covered in “red dots”. He had a “cold” approximately 2 weeks
previously, but otherwise has been well. The family history is noncontributory. On physical exam, the child
is well-appearing and afebrile. He has diffuse petechiae covering his face, neck, chest, back, stomach, arms
and legs. He has no palpable lymphadenopathy or hepatosplenomegaly. A complete blood count done in the
emergency room is within normal except for a platelet count of 8,000/L.
Which of the following laboratory abnormalities is most commonly associated with the development of
petechiae?
A. Thrombocytopenia
B. Prolonged prothrombin time
C. Elevated fibrin degradation products
D. Low factor VIII level
E. Clotting time

NEFROLOGY

31. A mother of a 4 yr-old child noticed that there is a solid mass in the right area of her child which she
noticed for the first time with occasional blood in urine. What is your initial diagnosis ?
A. Neuroblastoma
B. Wilms tumour
C. Hydronephrosis
D. Polycystic kidney
E. Hepatoblastoma

32. A 71/2 year old child presents with non-blanching rash over the extensor aspect of arm with swelling over
knee. Urine analysis shows proteinurea + and hematuria +++. On kidney biopsy which finding will be most
commonly seen ?
A. Fusion of podocytes
B. Acute tubular necrosis
C. Deposition of IgA
D. Thickened basement membrane
E. Deposition of IgG and complement

33. A child has a history of repaired high imperforate anus. He now has a urinary tract infection. What is the
most likely cause?
A. Vesicoureteral reflux
B. Rectourethral fistula
C. Neurogenic bladder
D. Posterior urethral valves.
E. Vesicorectal fistula

34. A 15 year- old girl presents after referral to you for proteinuria. Urinalysis (U/A) shows 1+ proteinuria (no
other abnormalities), no edema, normal cholesterol, and no significant Past Medical History / Family
History (PMH/FH). Urine protein/creatinine ratio is 0.148 and quantitative protein is 25 (normal 2-10).
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Minimal change
B. Post streptococcal GN
C. Benign orthostatic proteinuria
D. Membranous GN
E. Lupus nephritis
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GENERAL PAEDIATRICS

50. A 10 year-old boy presents for a pre-participation sports physical examination. He has previously been well
with no significant past medical history. His vital signs demonstrate a heart rate of 101 bpm and a blood
pressure of 130/85 mm Hg (greater than the 95th percentile for age). The remainder of his exam is normal.
What is the most appropriate next step?
A. Recheck the blood pressure with a smaller blood pressure cuff
B. Recheck the blood pressure on at least two other separate occasions before beginning further
evaluation
C. Begin medical therapy with antihypertensive medications
D. Order a renal ultrasound
E. Order an ECG

CARDIOLOGY

35. A 2 year-old child presents with a 10 day-history of fever, a heart murmur, bilateral nonexudative
conjunctivitis, swollen and erythematous lips and strawberry tongue with erythematous and edematous
hands and feet and a polymorphous rash on the face, trunks, and extremities. The most likely diagnosis in
this patient is:
A. Kawasaki disease
B. Measles
C. Viral upper respiratory tract infection
D. Group A beta hemolytic streptococcal pharyngitis
E. Infective endocarditis

36. What acute finding would not be expected to be associated with this 2 year-old’s diagnosis ?
A. Sterile pyuria
B. Hydrops of the gallbladder
C. Cervical adenopathy greater than 1,5 cm
D. Thrombocytosis is associated with myocardial infarction.
E. Anterior uveitis in 70% cases

37. Which of the following statements is true regarding coronary artery involvement with this 2 year -old’s
disease ?
A. There is a 50% incidence of coronary artery aneurysms if untreated
B. The peak incidence for coronary artery aneurysms is 6 to 12 months following the onset of fever
C. Patients with giant coronary artery aneurysms greater than 8 mm in diameter are at highest risk
for late stenosis and myocardial infarction
D. Coronary artery rupture is the most common cause of mortality within the first 7 days of the
onset of fever
E. Smaller aneurysms mostly do not resolve on their own

38. Name the two drugs most commonly used for acute management of this disease.
A. Aspirin and IVIG
B. Penicillin and IVIG
C. Steroids and aspirin
D. Steroids and penicillin
E. Steroids and IVIG
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PERINATOLOGY

39. A one day- old neonate presents with bilious vomiting. An abdominal film demonstrates air within the
distended stomach and duodenum with a small amount of air in the distal small bowel. The patient has a
normal barium enema (specifically, there is no evidence of microcolon.) Which of the following would be
the least likely diagnoses?
A. Duodenal atresia
B. Preduodenal portal vein
C. Midgut volvulus
D. Duodenal web
E. Pyloric stenosis

40. A term infant has not passed meconium for 48 hours. He presents with distension of abdomen and emesis
since one day. Next most appropriate investigation would be:
A. Genetic testing for cystic fibrosis
B. Manometry
C. Lower bowel contrast enema
D. Oesophagoscopy
E. Abdomen X ray

41. A full-term baby is born to a 16 year-old mother. The prenatal course was notable for suspected
intrauterine growth retardation. The birth weight is 2325 g, small for gestational age. In the evaluation of a low-birth-
weight, term, small for gestational age (SGA) newborn, which of the following should not be considered in the
management of this newborn baby?
A. Maternal vascular disease
B. Fetal chromosomal disorder
C. In utero infection
D. Maternal fibroids
E. Maternal size and parity.

42. The differential diagnosis of a newborn who is SGA with a normal physical examination includes : ?
A. Herpes
B. Rubella
C. Toxoplasmosis
D. Varicella
E. Syphilis

EMERGENCY

A 5 year – old boy presents to the emergency room with a 12 – hour history of fever and drooling. He
was well previously. His temperature is 39.5oC and he appears toxic. There have been no other symptoms and
no sick contacs. He has received immunizations.
On physical exam, the heart rate is 120 bpm, the respiratory rate is 26, and the room air blood oxygen
saturation is 92%. The child has marked inspiratory stridor and refuses to swallow. He is sitting, leaning
forward slightly and refuses to lie down for the examination.
A chest radiograph is normal. The leukocyte count is 28,000/mm3 with significant left shift.

43. In this case, if the diagnosis is epiglottitis, what is the likely pathogen ?
A. Coagulase – negative staphylococcus
B. Streptococcus pneumoniae
C. Haemophilus influenzae
D. Parainfluenza virus
E. Respiratory syncitial virus

44. If the diagnosis of epiglottitis is confirmed in the operating room by direct visualization by an
otolaryngologist, the best next step would be :
A. A transfer to the ICU with supplemental humidified oxygen
B. A transfer to the ICU with administration of corticosteroids
C. A transfer to the ICU with administration of nebulized salbutamol
D. An endotracheal intubation before transfer to the ICU
E. A tracheotomy before transfer to the ICU
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45. Differences between viral croup and epiglottitis include :

A. The child with viral croup is often older than the patient with epiglottitis
B. The child with viral croup always has a more abrupt onset of stridor than the patient with epiglottitis
C. The child with viral croup is more likely to present in the middle of an upper respiratory infection
than the patient with epiglottitis
D. The child with viral croup clinically looks identical to the child with epiglottitis.
E. The child with viral croup never presents with high fever

ALLERGY IMMUNOLOGY

46. For the past few days a 5 – year – old child has been complaining of intermittent abdominal pain. No
emesis or diarrhea was reported. Then her mother noted a red rash on her legs, and brought her to your
office. Your examination reveals a non – toxic child who is afebrile. She has palpable purpuric lesions,
coalescing by the ankles, and ascending up to the buttocks. Her abdominal exam reveals mild diffuse
tenderness, but no rebound. You suspect that she has Henoch – Schonlein purpura (HSP). All of the
following are true about HSP except :
A. Rash frequently recurs over the first 6 weeks after presentation, often increasing after physical
activity
B. Arthritis, especially of ankles and knees, is common
C. In a small percentage of children, the purpuric rash is secondary to thrombocytopenia
D. Edema of the scalp, hands and feet is common in children younger than 4 years old
E. Skin biopsy will show a leukocytoclastic vascultis with IgA deposition.

47. All the following are true about GI involvement in HSP except :
A. GI hemorrhage is common, and may be occult or gross
B. GI symptoms can present before the rash
C. A normal barium enema rules out intussusception in HSP
D. Complications include intussusception, bowel infarction and perforation
E. Ultrasonography may show edema of bowel wall and may identify an intussusception

48. Which statement is true for renal involvement secondary to HSP ?

A. The majority of children who have hematuria during the acute phase of HSP illness have
progression of renal disease
B. It is associated with a membranous lesion on renal biopsy
C. It usually presents shortly after HSP diagnosis with nephritic syndrome and hypertension
D. It may persist in 1% to 5% of children and may progress to end – stage disease in approximately
1%
E. It occurs more commonly in patients < 8 years old at the time of HSP diagnosis
 10

5th NATIONAL MCQ EXAMINATION

NATIONAL BOARD OF EVALUATION
INDONESIAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICS
JUNE 1, 2009

SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER, put your answer in The Answer Sheet
TIME ALLOCATION : 100 MINUTES

GASTRO-HEPATOLOGY

1. A girl aged 6 years old has experienced recurrent abdominal pain since the last 6 months. No abnormalities
are evident on physical examination. She complains of persistent or recurrent pain or discomfort centered in
the upper abdomen (cranial to the umbilicus). The pain is not associated with the onset of a change in stool
frequency or stool form. She feels also early satiety, bloating and nausea.
The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Functional dyspepsia
B. Irritable bowel syndrome
C. Abdominal migraine
D. Gastroesophageal reflux disease
E. Functional abdominal pain

2. A baby, 4 months of age has 5 bowel movements a day for the last 3 days, which is soft and contains blood
and mucus. She looks healthy, has a good appetite and no signs of dehydration. What is the most likely
diagnosis?
A. Shigellosis
B. Salmonellosis
C. Cow’s milk allergy
D. Intussusceptions
E. Amebic colitis

3. A 3-year old girl present to the Emergency Department with fever, vomiting and abdominal pain. She has
right upper quadrant tenderness and hepatomegaly. Her serum transaminases are elevated, but her total and
direct bilirubin are only slightly above normal. Several other children in her day care are sick with similar
symptoms. Which of the following statements is FALSE :
A. Most patients with this illness do not develop fulminant or chronic disease
B. Jaundice is common in young children with this illness
C. Highly effective vaccines exist against this disease
D. Most commonly transmitted by fecal-oral contact
E. This disease more commonly occur in a crowded community (urban)

4. A 3 week-old baby came to the emergency department with the main complaint of profuse non-bilious
vomiting after feeds. He was uneventfully born at term with a birth-weight of 3 kg. on physical
examination, the BW was 2.5 kg along with moderate dehydration and hypokalemia. The most probable
diagnosis in this case is:
A. Gastroesophageal Reflux
B. Atresia Duodenum
C. Hirschprung Disease
D. Hypertrophic Pyloric Stenosis
E. Pancreas Annulare

5. In any infant or toddler who present with acute abdominal pain, bilious emesis, and guarding, which of the
following imaging studies is the initial study of choice most likely to confirm your suspicions?
A. Magnetic resonance imaging
B. Ultrasonography
C. CT Scan
D. Barium enema
E. Upper GI series
 11

HEMATOLOGY

6. On a routine-screening of complete blood count, a 1 year-old is noted to have a microcytic anemia. Follow-
up hemoglobin electrophoresis demonstates an increased concentration of hemoglobin A2. The child is
most likely to have
A. Iron deficiency
B. β thalasemia trait
C. Sickle cell anemia
D. Chronic systemic illness
E. Lead poisoning

7. A 3 year-old develops pallor and recurrent epistaxis. There is no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphnode

enlargement. Laboratory finding shows hemogloblin level 3g/dl, hematocrit 14 %, red blood cell count
2,500.000/mm3 , white blood cell count 11.000/mm3 , and platelet count 180,00/mm3 . The most likely
diagnosis of the patient is :
A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Post-hemorrhagic anemia
D. Leukimia
E. Iron deficiency anemia

8. A 5 year old boy came with rashes like purpura in the lower extremities, lower trunk and buttocks. There
was a history of low grade fever for few days. There was no other complaint. Physical examination was
unremarkable. Complete blood count reveals slight leukocytosis and normal platelet count. Hemostatic
function also reveals normal. What is the most possible diagnosis in this child ?
A. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
B. Secondary Thrombocytopenic Purpura
C. Systemic Lupus Erithematous
D. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
E. Drug Allergy

9. A Patient suffered from fever and chills 30 minutes during Packed Red Cell transfusion. There was no
history of transfusion before. In emergency situation like this, what should you do?
A. Give paracetamol and continue transfusion
B. Give paracetamol and antihistamin, and then continue transfusion
C. Stop the transfusion and change into washed erythrocyte transfusion
D. Stop the transfusion and change with another Packed Red Cell bag
E. Stop the transfusion, keep the intravenous line open with Psychological Saline until the symptom
resolved

ALLERGY-IMMUNOLOGY

10. A 3 month old boy was admitted because he had red, raised, palpable wheals all over his body, along with
cyanosis, tachycardia, and breathing difficulty. He had been breastfed and his mother recently gave him
cow’s milk formula 5 days before admission. What is the baby’s diagnosis?
A. Urticaria
B. Angloedema
C. Anaphylaxis
D. Asthma
E. Heart Problems

11. The drug of choice for this patient is:

A. Antihistamine
B. Epinephrine
C. Corticosteroid
D. Digitalis
E. Ephedrine
 12

12. You are a doctor on duty when a pregnant woman visit you and ask if you can do something to avoid her
baby from getting allergy after the baby is born. Your immediate management step to the case , is :

A. To do allergy screening by taking both parent and siblings history of allergy

B. Suggest parent to give hypoallergenic formula anytime when manifestasion of allergy appear
C. Consider long term antihistamine for the baby soon after delivery
D. Treat allergy symptom when it appears
E. Improving quality of life of the allergic baby

13. A 5 years old girl presented to you with purpura that spread over her buttock and lower extremities. You
noticed that the purpura was palpable. Assuming this case to be Henoch Schonlein Purpura, you asked for
laboratory investigation. What you expected to find is:
A. Prolonged clotting time
B. Prolonged APTT
C. Prolonged PTT
D. Thrombocyte count below the normal limit
E. Thrombocyte count exceeding the normal limit

TROPICAL/INFECTIOUS DISEASE

14. A 10 years old girl present with a history of sore throat for 4 days, along with breathing difficulty of 1 day’s
duration. On examination she is very ill-appearing. She has some inspiratory stridor and thick white-gray
material covering her tonsils and faucial pillars, and she has swelling of her neck.
What kind of treatment will you give for the patient at the time?
A. B2 agonist nebulization
B. Corticosteroid
C. Ceftriaxon injection
D. Immunzation with DT
E. ADS 40.000 IU

15. A 14 year old girl awakens with a mild sore throat, low-grade fever, and a diffuse maculopapular rash.
During the next 24 hours, she develops tender swelling of her wrists and redness of her eyes. In addition,
her physician notes mild tenderness and marked swelling of her posterior cervical and occipital lymph
nodes. Four days after the onset of illness the rash has vanished. The most likely diagnosis of this girl’s
condition is
A. Rubella
B. Rubeola
C. Roseola
D. Erythema infectiosum
E. Erythema multiforme

16. A 20 month-old baby has a three week history of diarrhea and recurrent fever. He is noted to have oral
thrush. He was hospitalized 3 times with the same complaint. At the moment he has a body weight of 7 kg,
and appears moderately ill. His head, ear, heart and lung exams are normal. His oral exam is significant for
thrush. He has liver, spleen enlargement along with anterior/posterior cervical and occipital
lymphadenopathies. Which one of the following is used as a screening test in HIV infection diagnosis?
A. Enzyme immunoassay
B. Polymerase chain reaction
C. Western-blot
D. Immune fluorescence assay
E. Viral culture

17. Which is the following vaccines is contra-indicated in HIV-infected children?

A. IPV
B. MMR
C. HIB
D. Pneumococcal
E. BCG
 13

NEUROLOGY

18. A 5-year-old boy present with a limp. This was preceded by a febrile illness, but there has been no
preceding trauma. On examination he has weakness of all muscle groups in his right lower limb. The limb
is hypotonic, and deep tendon reflexes cannot be elicited. There is no pain on movement of the joints nor is
there tenderness. Sensory examination is normal. What would be the most likely diagnosis?
A. Guillain Barre Syndrome
B. Poliomyelitis
C. Diphtheritic Polyneuropathy
D. Chikungunya
E. Spinal tumour

19. What kind of examination would you suggest for the patient?
A. Head CT scan
B. Stool culture
C. CK-MB examination
D. Serum electrolyte
E. Lumbal puncture

20. A 2 month-old baby came to the Emergency Department with seizures and unconsciousness. There was no
history of fever, cough or other illness. The baby was uneventfully born spontaneously with good condition
and had only been breastfed. Physical examination showed a very weak baby, along with pallor and bulging
fontanella. CBC revealed Hb 7.2 g/dL normal white blood count and platelet count. Haemostatic function
revealed PPT 45” (control 11.3”) and APTT 53.1” (control 26.3”).
What is the most possible diagnosis of this baby?
A. Hemophilia
B. Von Willebrand Disease
C. Acquired Prothrombin Complex Deficiency
D. DIC
E. ITP

21. A previously healthy 10 year old girl has developed progressive weakness, areflexia, paresis of extra-
ocular muscles and respiratory insufficiency over a 2 week period. The MOST likely diagnosis is
A. Polymyositis
B. Myasthenia gravis
C. Acute spinal muscular atrophy
D. Guillain-Barre syndrome
E. Botulism

NEPHROLOGY

22. A 6 year old boy is being evaluated for high fever of unknown etiology, flank pain, vomiting, toxic
appearance, haematuria and leucocyturia. Volding cystoureterography reveals findings as a shown below.
Which of the following is a working diagnosis option?
A. Urethritis
B. Cystitis
C. Pyelonephritis
D. Eneuresis
E. Nephritis

23. Which of the following is an appropriate treatment option?

A. Intravenous antibiotics for 3 days
B. Intravenous antibiotics for 7 days
C. Oral antibiotics for 3 days
D. Oral antibiotics for 7 days
E. Oral antibiotics for 10 days

24. A 6 week old child is being evaluated for a fever of unknown etiology. As part of the laboratory evaluation,
a urine specimen was obtained that grew Escherichia coli with a colony count of 2000/µL. These findings
will be definite evidence of a urinary tract infection if the sampled urine.
 14

A. Is the first morning sample

B. Is from an ileal loop bag
C. Is from a suprapubic tap
D. Is from a bag attached to the perineum of uncircumcised boy
E. Has a specific gravity of 1.008

ENDOCRINOLOGY

25. A pregnant woman has a low urinary estriol level. At delivery, her male infant develops hyponatermia,
hyperkalemia, and hypoglycemia. What diagnosis should you consider?
A. Inappropriate antidiuretic hormone
B. Congenital adrenal hypoplasia
C. Juvenille diabetes mellitus
D. Phenylketonuria
E. Hyperthyroid

26. An 8 year old boy has short stature. He has begun to gain quite a bit of weight over the last year, has little or
no energy, sleeps more than normal, and complains of feeling cold. His growth demonstrates that he has
fallen from 50th to the 5th percentile for height, but his weight has increased to 90th percentile. On
examination, he is obese, has an immature facies, thin hair, and slow reflexes. Which is the following is the
most appropriate course of action for this child?
A. Measure thyroid function
B. Determine bone age
C. Order a growth hormone level
D. Reassure the mother that the child has normal prepubertal development
E. Chromosomal analysis

27. A normal-apperaring 9 month old boy is discovered on routine herniorrhaphy to have bilateral Fallopian
tubes and a rudimentary uterus. Biopsy of the gonads performed during this procedure revealed normal
testicular tissue. On examination today, his phallus is normal in size and appearance, and his descended
testes are both 2 mL in volume. Of the following, the MOST likely sex chromosome complement for this
child is:
A. XX
B. XX/XY
C. XXY
D. XO/XY
E. XY

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY

28. A 2 year old girl who having difficulty breathing and a barky cough has had a fever and runny nose for the
past 3 days. She is alert and sitting on her mother’s lap. Assessment reveals that she has warm, flushed skin,
is using her abdominal muscles to breathe, and has increase work of breathing. She has a blood pressure of
88/66 mm Hg, a pulse of 128 beats/min, and respirations of 48 breaths/min.
You should immediately determine whether the patient has:
A. Stridor
B. Delayed capillary refill time
C. Weak pulses
D. The ability to tolerate oral feedings
E. Cyanosis

29. Abdominal breathing in the patient above should be viewed as a :

A. Normal finding for a toddler
B. Sign of impending respiratory failure
C. Sign of decreased perfusion to the respiratory center
D. Compensatory mechanism to increase the volume of air inhaled
E. Compensatory mechanism to increase the respiratory rate
 15

30. A 3 month old infant who is extremely lethargic has had a cough, vomiting, and diarrhea for the past 3
days. Assessment reveals that he respond to pain, has mottled skin color, and a capillary refill time of 4
seconds. He has a blood preasure of 74/60 mm Hg, a pulse of 190 beats/min, and rapid, respirations without
increased work of breathing at 60 breaths/min. The tachycardia in this infant is most likely due to:
A. Anxiety
B. Hypovolemia
C. Pneumothorax
D. Swelling of the brain
E. Pain

31. The appropriate initial treatment in patient above is to

A. Administer 100% oxygen by mask
B. Administer dopamine intravenous
C. Administer epinephrine via an intraosseous needle
D. Perform endotracheal intubation
E. Administer fluid infusion

NUTRITION

32. A 3 year old boy who suffer from diarrhea more than 6 times a day was brought to the clinic. No bloody
stool was found. The boy was slimy, the ribs pronounce, the skin wasting, hyper-pigmented skin and edema
on the feet. The boy’s face resembled ‘old man face’, along with ‘flag sign hair’. He had measles two
months before. The boy’s weight is 9 kg and his height 90 cm. (using gold standard CDC-2000). What the
diagnosis of the child?
A. Kwashiorkor
B. Marasmus
C. Marasmic-Kwashiorkor
D. Failure to thrive
E. Stunting

33. A 2 year old girl came with obvious pallor. On admission the body weight was 6 kg, she did not show any
sign of respiratory distress or cardiac emergencies. The hemoglobin level was 6 g/dL. Proper management
would be:
A. Blood transfusion given as soon as possible
B. Immediate transfer to intensive or high care ward
C. Oral iron supplementation is allowed starting at second week of hospitalization
D. Immediately starting a high calorie diet of 200 KKal/kg
E. High protein along with a low fat diet

34. A 3 year old boy came with a history of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, fatigue and headache. He
showed confusion and appeared psychotic. Laboratory examination revealed hypercalcuria. This child most
probably had a deficiency of
A. Vitamin A
B. Thiamin
C. Vitamin C
D. Vitamin D
E. Vitamin E
 16

35. A 24 month old girl was admitted to the emergency department the main complaint of high fever. Seven
days before admission, she got high fever, cough and cold. There was no history of vomiting and diarrhea.
On clinical findings, she look weak, the respiratory rate was 54x/minute and Capillary Refill Time 10
seconds. There were fine moist rales on both lungs. The heart and bowel sounds were within normal limits.
The body weight was 10 kg, body length 85 cm, and the ideal body weight 11.9 kg; the percent ideal body
weight was 84%. When should enteral feeding be given or this patient?

A. As soon as possible after stable condition

B. After 72 hours
C. 48 – 72 hours
D. After the patient was conscious
E. As soon as possible after 24 hours

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

36. An infant is brought by his mother to your well-baby clinic. He can move his head from side to side while
following a moving object, can lift his head from a prone position 45º off the examining table, smiles when
encourage and make cooing sounds. He cannot maintain seated position. The most likely age of the infant is
A. 1 month
B. 3 months
C. 6 months
D. 8 months
E. 10 months

37. The mother has concerns about maintaining a safe environment for her child. In providing age-appropriate
anticipatory guidance, you tell her that
A. Pillows in the crib should be soft to provide a comfortable sleeping environment
B. She should set her water heater to 70ºC to ensure the sterility, thereby decreasing the risk of
infections
C. She can start to give solid food like pieces of apple or banana
D. Her baby should be placed on his back to sleep, as this decreases the risk of Sudden Infant Death
Syndrome
E. She should give him small objects such as round pliable toys, to increase his fine motor
development

38. A 3.5 year old boy says only three single words, and these are poorly articulated. He uses gestures to
communicate. There are no other reported problems, gross and fine motor skills are normal for age and
physical examination, including tympanography, is normal. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY
explanation?
A. Intellectual disability
B. Deafness
C. Manipulative behaviour
D. Dysarthria
E. Autism

PERINATOLOGY

39. A 4.5 kg infant is delivered at 37 weeks of gestation. The mother is a 29 year old juvenile diabetic. A
cesarean section is performed when fetal distress is noted. The Apgar scores are 4 and 7 at 1 and 5 minutes
respectively. Maternal blood glucose prior to delivery was 320 mg/dl. The infant is lethargic in the nursery
and the blood Dextrostix test is found to be undetectable. The next appropriate step is:
A. Obtain serum for blood sugar analysis to confirm the Dextrostix value
B. Administer glucose water by mouth
C. Administer 10 ml/kg 50% dextrose intravenously
D. Administer glucagon intravenously
E. Administer 2ml/kg 10% dextrose intravenously
 17

40. A 2 day old is brought to ED after a generalized seizure lasting 3 minutes. If the seizure were related to
birth trauma, the most likely finding would be:
A. Subarachnoid hemorrhage
B. Epidural hematoma
C. Subdural hematoma
D. Focal brain contusion
E. Concussion

41. A 27 year old gravida 1 para 0 female presents with a history of prolonged rupture of membranes and is
presently in active labor. Tocolytics are started, and despite medical intervention, a 30 week gestational
infant is delivered. The baby demonstrates nasal flaring, grunting, and intercostal retractions and is
intubated. Positive pressure ventilation is initiated. A chest radiograph reveals a fine granular appearance of
the lung fields. The baby is hypotensive and poor is noted. Initial arterial blood gas reveals pH 7.16, PCO2
50 mm Hg, PO2 55 mm Hg, and base excess -14.
Which of the following is the most appropriate intervention at this time?
A. Administer endotracheal surfactant immediately
B. Increase the ventilator settings to keep PaCO2 below 40 mm Hg
C. Administer 10 ml/kg 0.9% sodium chloride IV
D. Administer a dopamine infusion at 10 mgm/kg/min
E. Administer broad-spectrum antibiotics immediately

42. A patient presents in labour at a level 1 clinic. By her date and abdominal palpation she is 32 weeks
pregnant. After a short labour she delivers a male infant weighing 1400 grams. The New Ballard Score
confirm the gestational age.
How would you classify this infant by weight for gestational age?
A. Low birth weight
B. Premature infant
C. Appropriate for Gestational Age (AGA)
D. Small for Gestational Age (SGA)
E. Large for Gestational Age (LGA)

CARDIOLOGY

43. A five year old girl presents with fever for 8 days, weight loss, night sweats, a new heart murmur,
splenomegaly, joint pains and a history of having her teeth cleaned by a dentist 1 month prior to this visit.
What is the most likely diagnosis for this patient?
A. Kawasaki disease
B. Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
C. Acute rheumatic fever
D. Infective endocarditis
E. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

44. A one month old is seen after turning blue when feeding. Auscultation of the heart reveals a harsh grade ill
systolic ejection murmur over the pulmonary area that radiates to the back. Arterial blood gas shows a
normal pH, PaCO2, and PaO2 at rest. The ECG demonstrates right axis deviation and right ventricular
hypertrophy. The chest x-ray film reveals a large heart with a reduced main pulmonary artery segment.
Which of the following congenital heart disorder is consistent with these findings?
A. Atrial septal defect
B. Coarctation of the aorta
C. Tetralogy of Fallot
D. Patent ductus arterious
E. Ventricular septal defect
 18

45. A 4 year old boy was referred for dyspnea on exertion. Poor weight gain, cold sweat on the forehead. There
is distended neck veins and tachycardia. The CXR showed cardiomegaly with increased pulomnary
vascular marking. The ECG showed LVH. What is the diagnose?
A. Infective endocarditis
B. Congestive heart failure
C. Cardiomyopathy
D. Cardiogenic shock
E. Septic shock

46. A 6 year old boy was referred for prolonged fever and welling, severe pain and redness of ankles. The
precordium is normal except for a mild thrill in the apex. S1 and S2 are normal, but a harsh holosystolic
murmur is heard in the apex. The abdomen is soft and there is no organomegaly. What is the diagnosis?
A. Juvenile rematoid arthritis
B. Acute rheumatic fever
C. Myocarditis
D. Infective endocarditis
E. Cardiomyopathy

RESPIROLOGY

47. A 7 month old boy was brought to the hospital with the chief complaint of difficulty in breathing since 3
hours prior to admission. He started to have cough, rhinorrhea and fever 2 days before. Physical
examination revealed that the baby was alert, appeared distressed, with no evidence of cyanosis. Heart rate
was 112 times per minute, respiration rate 60 times per minute, the body temperature was 38.5 C. Lung
auscultation appeared wheezing; no rhales or crackels was evident. The patient then underwent Chest X
Ray. Peripheral Blood Smear, and Blood Gas Analysis.
Working diagnosis of the cas is:
A. Pneumonia
B. Bronchopneumonia
C. Acute Bronchitis
D. Bronchiolitis
E. Acute asthma attack

48. The result of CXR or BGA is predicted as:

A. Diffuse infiltrate on CXR and Hypoxemia, Metabolic acodosis on BGA
B. Hyperaeration on CXR and Hypercapnia, Respiratory acodosis on BGA
C. Emphysematous lung, alveolar infiltrate on CXR and Metabolic acodosis on BGA
D. Alveolar infiltrate on CXR and no hypoxemia, only metabolic acodosis on BGA
E. Pleural effusion on CXR and Hypoxemia, Respiratory acodosis on BGA

49. A 13 year old girl was admitted to the hospital due to chronic cough and difficulty of breathing since 2 days
ago. She complained that this condition recurs almost every month, with each attack typically lasting for 1
or 2 days, especially at night. The mother had a history of having allergic rhinitis, while the father was a
heavy smoker. On physical examinantion the child looked slightly dyspneic, with increased expiration time.
Diffuse wheeze was heard over both lungs. She was able to communicate to the physician, with clear and
uninterrupted sentences. All other vital signs were normal.
Proper initial prompt treatment of this case :
A. Administration of broad spectrum antibiotics
B. Inhalation therapy with B2 Agonist
C. Simultaneous steroid and aminophyllin intravenously
D. Oral mucolitic to dissolve mucus
E. Antitussive to depress coughing
 19

50. A 3 year old boy was brought to pediatric clinic for consultation. His father suffered from haemopthysis and
has been treated with antituberculous drugs since a week ago. The child was symptomless with normal
body weight. Tuberculin skin test result was 12 mm, and the chest x-ray doesn’t show any suggestion for
tuberculosis. Which of the following answers is the most appropriate management in this child?
A. Primary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for 3 months
B. Primary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid + rifampin for 3 months
C. Secondary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for 6 months
D. Secondary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid + rifampin for 6 months
E. Give isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for 2 months, follow with isoniazid and rifampin for 4
months

NATIONAL MCQ EXAMINATION

NATIONAL BOARD OF EVALUATION
INDONESIAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICS
DECEMBER , 2009

SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER, PUT YOUR ANSWER IN THE ANSWER SHEET
TIME ALLOCATION IS 100 MINUTES

GASTRO-HEPATOLOGY

1. A pediatrician received result of fractionated bilirubin on a 1 month old infant. Total bilirubin was 4.6
mg/dl, unconjugated bilirubin was 1.2 mg/dl, conjugated bilirubin was 3.1 mg/dl. The best course of action
is to:
A. Repeat blood work in two months since presence of unconjugated bilirubin suggest to breast
milk jaundice.
B. Inform the family that it must be a lab error since conjugated bilirubin suggests breast milk
jaundice.
C. Refer the patient for evaluation of neonatal cholestatis
D. Inform the family that liver biopsy and cholanglogram are associated with high risk of bleeding
and shoud be avoided at all cost.
E. Explore the possibility of ABO incompatibility.

2. A 10 day old mate presents with bilious emesis. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Appendicitis
B. Pyloric stenosis
C. Malrotation with midgut volvulus
D. Feeding intolerance
E. Functional intestinal obstruction

HEMATOLOGY

3. The family of a child just diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia asks for information about the
child’s a prognosis. Included as a poor prognostic sign is which of the following?
A. Presence of a mediastinal mass
B. Hyperdiploidy with more than 50 chromosomes
C. White blood cell count at diagnosis of less than 100,000/µL
D. Age between 1and 10 years
E. Early pre-B-cell variety of the disease

4. A 4 year old child presents a petechial rash but is otherwise well and without physical findings. Platelet
count is 20,000/µL, Hemoglobin and WBC are 12,4 g/dl and 7,200/µL respectively.
Which of the following laboratory abnormalities is most commonly found in this case?
A. Prolonged bleeding time
B. Prolonged prothrombin time (PT)
C. Elevated fibrin degradation products
D. Prolonged APTT
E. Prolonged clotting time
 20

5. A 3 year and 5 month old child presented to the clinic with fever, gum bleeding, melena and purpura. The
body temperature was 40ºC and blood culture positive for a pathogenic microorganism. The blood pressure
was 90/70 mmHg and peripheral blood count revealed Hemoglobin 7 g/dl, WBC 22,000/µL and platelet
count 30,000/µL, APTT and PTT were prolonged.
The most likely diagnosis of this case is:
F. Henoch-Schonlein purpura
G. ITP
H. Hemophilia
I. DIC
J. ALL

6. A 5 year old boy came with rashes like purpura in the lower extremities, lower trunk and buttocks. There
was history of low grade fever for few days. There was no other complaint. Physical examination was
unremarkable. CBC reveals slightly leukocytosis with normal platelet count. Hemostatic function also
reveals normal.
Which is the most possible diagnosis in this child ?
A. Immune Thrombocytopenic Purpura
B. Secondary Thrombocytopenic Purpura
C. Systemic Lupus Erithematous
D. Henoch-Schonlein Purpura
E. Drug Allergy

7. The parents of a previously healthy 3 year old girl bring the children to your office because she is
complaining that ther tongue hurts. The parent also report that she has not been eating well. The family
usually eats a regular diet including meats and vegetables. On physical examination her tounge is smooth,
red, and tender. She is pale and has tachycardia. Her complete blood count reveals a macrocytic anemia.
The most likely diagnosis in this child is:
A. Iron deficiency
B. Nutritional deficiency
C. Transcobalamin deficiency
D. Juvenile pernicious anemia
E. Folate deficiency

ALLERGY-IMMUNOLOGY

8. A 15 year old has had persistent year round nasal itching and stuffiness. What is the most likely allergen
responsible for the symptoms?
A. Dust mite
B. Weed
C. Tree
D. Grass
E. Mold

9. A mother of a children with multiple allergic disease asks you for allergy prevention advice for her next
child. What would you recommend?
A. Germ free environment
B. Breast feeding at least 4 months
C. Diet control during pregnancy
D. Using HEPA air filter and vacuum
E. Immunotherapy during pregnancy

10. Two weeks following a viral illness, a teenage boy breaks out in an evolving rash that is remarkable for
target lesions. What is the primary treatment?
A. Epinephrine
B. Glucagon
C. Corticosteroids
D. Antihistamines
E. Symptomatic or supportive therapy depending on severity
 21

11. You are seeing a 4 year old girl in the emergency department for treatment of an episode of anaphylaxis.
She is currently taking amoxicillin for treatment of otitis media. She had just finished lunch today and taken
her medication when she experienced respiratory difficulties, urticaria, and general discomfort. Lunch
included foods she normally eats, except for a new brand of chicken noodle soup and shrimp salad for
dessert. She does not like eggs, and when she has eaten them in the past, she spat them out.
Of the following, the MOST likely cause of her reaction is:
A. Drug allergy
B. Food allergy
C. Food poisoning
D. Serum sickness
E. Viral urticaria

TROPICAL / INFECTIOUS DISEASE

12. An 8 month old boy born from a HIV infected mother had failure to thrive, prolonged fever, chronic cough,
oral candidiasis, and popular eruption. From all the above mentioned symptoms, the most likely that
indicate cellular immunodeficiency is
A. Failure to thrive
B. Prolonged fever
C. Chronic cough
D. Oral candidiasis
E. Popular pruritic eruption

13. A 5 years old boy presents to the clinic with a history of low grade fever for 3 days, along with, tender
swelling of both of his mandibula. There was no evidence of cough or coryza. Mother says that there were 2
other children in her neighborhood presenting similar symptoms. The most likely diagnosis of the boy’s
condition is :
A. Diphteria
B. Mononucleosis infection
C. Mumps
D. Drug allergy
E. Lymphadenopathy tuberculosis

14. A 3 year old is very fussy, febrile and has profuse rhinorrhea. On exam, shallow ulcers are noted on the soft
palate and vesicles are noted on one plam and both soles of the feet. The etiology of this infection is likely:
A. Group A streptococci
B. Arcanobacterium haemolyticum
C. Coronavirus
D. Coxsacklevirus
E. Corynebacterium diphtheria

15. A 6 year old child complains of sore throat and is noted by the parens to have a lot of “grayish junk” in his
mouth and nose. Exam shows an adherent grayish white membrane over both tonsils and the soft palate
that, when removed, leaves an edematous, bleeding area of tissue. After calling your state health
department, you initiate therapy with:
A. Intravenous erythromycin or penicillin G
B. The above antibiotics plus antitoxin
C. The above antibiotics plus antitoxin plus active immunization
D. Antitoxin alone
E. IVIG
 22

NEUROLOGY

16. A child presents in a coma. There is central hyperventilation. Pupils are mid-position and irregular 3-5 mm
and fixed. The vestibule-ocular reflex is intact. He shows bilateral decerebration posturing to noxious
stimuli. What is MOST likely to be the position/location of the transtentorial herniation?
A. Reticular formation
B. Diencephalon
C. Mid-brain-upper pons
D. Low pons-upper medulla
E. medulla

17. A previously healthy 3 year old child has a single generalized convulsion lasting 5 min. she is found to
have a reddened throat and a rectal temperature of 39.7ºC, from which she recovers uneventfully in 5 days.
Three months later she again becomes febrile with an upper respiratory tract infection. Which of the
following is CORRECT?
A. She should be started on oral phenobarbitone
B. She should be put in a bath of cold water
C. 600 mg aspirin should be administered
D. An antibiotic should be administered promptly
E. Most such children will not have a further seizure

18. A 7 year old girl develops behavioral changes, and her performance in school begins to deteriorate. Several
months later she develops a seizure disorder, ataxia, and focal neurologic symptoms. She is eventually
quadriparetic, spastic, and unresponsive. Death occurs within a year. This patient may have had which of
the following viral disease at 1 year of age?
A. Chickenpox
B. German measles
C. Measles
D. Mumps
E. Parvovirus B19

19. A 20 month old child was seen at a well baby visit for routine examination. On physical examination you
found that he still has a palpable anterior fontanel. A condition unlikely to cause this problem is :
A. Rickets
B. Hypothyroidism
C. Hydrocephalus
D. Undernutrition
E. Hypophosphatemia

NEPHROLOGY

20. A 6 year old boy has brown urine and healing impetigo lesions. He present with hypertension, dyspnea,
periorbital edema, and hepatomegaly. The most likely cause of this problem is:
A. Postsreptococcal glomerulonephritis
B. lgA nephropathy
C. Nephritic syndrome
D. Pyelonephritis
E. Idiopathic hypercalciuria

21. After a urinary tract infection, a 1 year old boy is diagnosed with grade 2 vesicourethral reflux. Which of
the following is an appropriate treatment option?
A. Low doses antibiotic
B. Immediate surgical reimplantation of the ureters
C. Weekly urinalyses and culture
D. Diet low in protein
E. Early toilet training
 23

22. A 2 year old boy developed bloody diarrhea shortly after eating a fast food restaurant. A few days later, he
develops pailor and lethargy, his face looks swollen and his mother reports that he has been urinating very
little. Laboratory evaluation reveals low hematocrit and platelet count and positive blood and protein in the
urine. Which of the following diagnoses is likely to explain this symptoms?
A. lg A nephropathy
B. Henoch Schenloin Purpura
C. Intussusceptions
D. Poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
E. Hemolytic uremic syndrome

ENDOCRINOLOGY

23. A short 16 year old girl presents with primary amenorrhea. Laboratory studies show how low estradiol and
elevated follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels. Which of the following conditions is the most likely
cause of primary ovarian failure?
A. Turner syndrome
B. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
C. Autoimmune ovarian failure
D. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
E. Androgen insensitivity syndrome

24. A girl aged 10 years with diabetes type 1 developes polyuria and polydipsia in the course of an eposide of
bronchopneumonia. Her urine test have become positive for ketones, and blood glucose is 360 mg/dl.
Which of the following approaches is appropriate?
A. Wait for improvement of her diabetes over the next 1-2 days, followed by the introduction of
antibiotics
B. Increase her insulin doses the next day by 30%
C. Ask her to recheck her urine ketones again every day
D. Advise her to drink clear non-caloric fluids only and stop all solid food
E. Admit her to hospital for stabilization

25. An 8 year old girl has a 2 year decline in growth velocity, as determined by plotting her height on a
standard growth curve. At age 6 years, her height was at the 60 th percentile; at age 7 years, it was the 40 th
percentile; and ate age 8 years, it was at the 10 th percentile. Her parents are of average height. Her history is
otherwise unremarkable, and physical examination reveals no abnormalities, although the thyroid gland
cannot be palpated. The pair of laboratory test that would best help explain the cause of this patient’s recent
growth retardation is:
A. Free T4 and T3
B. Growth hormone and blood urea nitrogen
C. Thyroid ultrasonography and technetium pertechnetate scan
D. T4 and free T3
E. TSH amd free T4

26. A 15 year old boy is evaluated by a clinician for failure to develop normal male secondary sexual
characteristics. Physical examination reveals small testes, a small penis, and gynecomastia. The boy has had
some difficulties in school, and the parents say that according to the school psychometrist he had an IQ of
90. This patient’s condition is most likely to be related to which of the following?
A. Deletion
B. Nondisjunction of an autosomal chromosome
C. Nondisjunction of a sex chromosome
D. Non-Robertsonian translocation
E. Robertsonian translocation
 24

27. A baby is born with small head, small eyes and 6 fingers on each hand. Tow dimensional echocardiography
reveals congenital heart defects. Which of the following genetic conditions is most likely to be the cause of
this child’s presentation?
A. Trisomy 13
B. Trisomy 18
C. Trisomy 21
D. XXY
E. XYY

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY

28. A 3 year old boy who has a tracheostomy has had difficulty in breathing and coughing for 2 days because
of increased secretions. He is on continuous oxygen. His mother states that his breathing is getting much
worse. Assessment reveals that he is lethargic, has cool, mottled skin, and has copious secretions in the
tracheostomy tube. Which of the following signs suggest significant obstruction of the tracheostomy tube?
A. A slow heart rate and poor air movement
B. Irregular respiration and wheezing
C. Crackles and fever
D. Unequal chest rise and wheezing
E. No breathing

29. A child with a suspected ingestion presents to the emergency department with delirium, tachycardia,
mydriasis, dry mucus membranes and warm/dry skin. This child exhibits signs and symptoms of which
toxidrome?
A. Anticholinergic
B. Sympathomimetic
C. Cholinergic
D. Opioid
E. Sedative hypnotic

NUTRITION

30. Breast milk is the natural food for full term and premature infants during the first months of life. There are
nutritional, practical, psychological, immunological and physiological benefits to breastfeeding. Which is
the following is NOT true about breast feeding?
A. Recommended food for infants both term and preterm
B. Fifty percent of energy are from proteins
C. Contains immunological benefits (i.e. lgA, active lymphocytes)
D. Promotes growth of lactobacillus in GI
E. Decreases incidence of allergic disorders

PERINATOLOGY

31. A one week old newborn is irritable and has several episodes of bilious emesis after the most recent
feeding. You are called to ask for new feeding orders. The baby has tachycardia but otherwise the vital
signs are stable. On physical examination the abdomen was “full” without marked abnormalities. What
would be the next step in this case?
A. Consider the possibility of gastro-esophageal reflux
B. Start a proton pump inhibitor
C. Perform ultrasound examination of the pylorus
D. Perform an upper gastrointestinal contrast study
E. Change oral feeding to a soy-based formula

32. A newborn infant presents with the following clinical picture: coughing and cyanosis immediately after
ingesting fluids, no difficulty in swallowing, coarse rhonchi and rales after swallowing, gastric distension
after crying, no symptoms after gavage feeding. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. Tracheo-esophageal fistula with esophageal atresia
B. Tracheo-esophageal fistula without esophageal atresia
C. Isolated esophageal atresia
D. Pyloric stenosis
E. Achalasia
 25

33. A baby who was apparently normal at birth, develops persistent regurgitation and vomiting in the second
and third weeks of life. No fever is present and hematologic studies and blood chemistries are normal.
Which of the following therapies is most likely to be effective in this case?
A. Antacids
B. Barium enema
C. Gastric resection
D. Oral antibiotics
E. Pyloromyotomy

34. A 12 year old girl presents with poor feeding, vomiting nd lethargy. She was born uneventfully at 37 weeks
gestation with a body weight of 2900 grams, and there were no neonatal problems. No drugs or other
medications were given. On examination she is thin and wasted. She has lost weight <3%, the temperature
is 36,5 5ºC, RR 40/min, and HR 150/min. the chest is clear with no evidence of murmur. There is no
organomegaly, no rash or dysmorphic features.
What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Congenital adrenal hyperplasia
B. Congenital heart disease
C. Inborn errors of metabolism
D. Sepsis
E. Congenital hypothyroid

35. When evaluating a hypoglycemic infant, the first thing to assess is:
A. Ballard exam
B. Presence or absence of symptoms
C. Airway, breathing, circulation
D. Presence or absence of a suck reflex
E. Apgar score

36. Which of the following conditions is LEAST likely to be associated with neonatal seizures?
A. E. Coli meningitis
B. Syndrome of inappropriate diuretic hormone
C. Neonatal hypoglycemia
D. Transient tachypnea of the newborn
E. Umbilical cord prolapse

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

37. A baby boy was born at 32 weeks gestation. He smiled at 6 weeks and could pick up a small object with his
finger and thumb at 10 months. He is not yet walking at the age of 16 months. His speech is normal. Likely
diagnoses is:
A. Mental subnormality
B. Gross motor delay
C. Muscular dystrophy
D. Spina bifida occulta
E. phenylketonuria

38. A child is brought to your clinic for routine examination. She can dress with help, can ride a tricycle, kows
her own age, and can speak in short sentences. She had difficulty in copying a square. The age of this child
is most likely
A. 1 year
B. 2 years
C. 3 years
D. 4 years
E. 5 years
 26

39. A 3.5 year old boy says only three single words, and thes are poorly articulated. He uses gestures to
communicate. There are no other reported problems, gross and fine motor skills are normal for age and
physical examination, including tympanigraphy, is normal. Which of the following is the MOST LIKELY
explanation?
A. Intellectual disability
B. Deafness
C. Manipulative behavior
D. Dysarthria
E. Autism

40. A 2 year old girl comes in for a well baby check up. She should be able to do all of the following except:
A. Turn pages one at a time
B. Use 2-3 word phrases
C. Follow two step commands
D. Participate in group play
E. Walk unsupported

CARDIOLOGY

41. A 7 years old girl is referred for chronic recurrent cough. She shows normal vital signs, pulses, and
abdomen. The RV impulse is accentuated. S2 is fixed and widely split. A nonspecific 2/6 almost vibratory
systolic ejection murmur is best heard at the left sterna border, and there is also a 2/6 middiastolic murmur
at the lowest left sterna border, what is the lesion?
A. VSD (Ventricular Septal Defect)
B. ASD (Atrium Septal Defect)
C. PDA (Patent Ductus Arteriosus)
D. AVSD (Atrio-Ventricular Septal Defect)
E. PS (Pulmonal Stenosis)

42. A 6 year old boy was referred for prolonged fever and swelling, severe pain and redness of his ankles. The
precordium is normal except for a mild thrill in the apex. S1 and S2 are normal, but harsh holosystolic
murmur is heard at the apex. The abdomen is soft and there is no organomegaly. What is the diagnosis?
A. Juvenile rematoid arthritis
B. Acute rheumatic fever
C. Myocarditis
D. Infective endocarditis
E. Cardiomyopathy

43. An eight year old boy with known diagnosis of unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot becomes severely cyanotic
while crying. Which of the following is NOT indicated for acute management of this situation?
A. Placing in knee chest position
B. Oxygen
C. Morphine sulfate
D. Propranolol
E. Insert rectal tube

44. A patient presents with cyanosis and clubbing of the toes with sparing of the fingers. A rough murmur is
heard at the left upper sternal border. What is the most likely diagnosis?
A. Atrial septal defect
B. Sinus of valsava fistula
C. Common atrioventricular canal defect
D. Patent ductus arterious
E. Ventricular septal defect
 27

RESPIROLOGY

45. A healthy 15 year old complains of swollen glands in his neck and groin for the last 6 months along with an
increasing cough over the previous 2 weeks. He also reports some fevers, especially at night, and possibly
some weight loss. On examination, you notice that he has nontender cervical, supraclavicular, axillary, and
inguinal nodes. No hepatosplenomegaly, and otherwise looks to be fairly healthy. Which of the following
would be the appropriate next step?
A. Biopsy of a node
B. Complete blood count and differential
C. Trial of antituberculos drugs
D. Chest radiograph
E. Cat-scratch titers

46. A 3 year old boy was brought to a pediatric clinic for consultation. His father suffered from
haemopthysis and had been treated with antituberculous drugs since the week before. The child was
symptomless and had a normal body weight. Tuberculin skin test result was 12 mm, and the chest x-ray
didn’t show any suggestion for tuberculosis. Which of the following answers is the most appropriate
management in this child?
A. Primary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for 3 months
B. Primary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for + rifampin for 3 months
C. Secondary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid for 6 months
D. Secondary chemoprophylaxis with isoniazid + rifampin for 6 months
E. Give isoniazid, rifampin, and pyrazinamide for 2 months, follow with isoniazid and
rifampin for 4 months

47. A 3 month old girl has suffered from dyspnea since 2 days befor admission. She also complains of
rhinorrhea, cough, fever, and vomiting. There is no family history of atopy. On physical examination fever,
tachypnea, nasal flaring, chest indrawing, crackles, and wheezing were evident. Her laboratory result are
WBC: 4000/ with a preponderance of polymorphonuclear. What is the most likely diagnosis for this
patient?
A. Severe asthma exacerbation
B. Severe pneumonia
C. Pneumonia with asthma exacerbation
D. Pneumonia with GER
E. Bronchiolitis

48. A 10 year old girl came to the outpatient clinic with the chief complaint of cough for 3 weeks. She had no
fever, no dyspnea and no TB contact. On physical examination she had good nutritional status, no
abnormalities were found except for a slight decrease of her right field breath sound. The Tuberculin
SkinTest resulted in a 5 mm induration and the Chest X-Ray was as attached below.
The most appropriate assessment and management of choice would be:
A. Pertussis, aminoglycoside
B. Atypical pneumonia, macrolide
C. Pneumococcal pneumonia, cephalosporin
D. Tuberculosis, rifampicin
E. Asthma, salbutamol nebulizer

49. A 2 year old boy suffer of inspiratory stridor. On the physical examination revealed suprasternal and
intercostals retractions, nasal flaring, and barking cough. He has ha a mild upper respiratory tract infection
for 3 days. The most likely diagnosis in the patient is:
A. Foreign body aspiration
B. Acute laryngitis
C. Acute epiglottitis
D. Papilloma of larynx
E. Viral croup
 28

50. A patient with tuberculosis develops bright orange-red urine. His mother was in a panic because she is
afraid he is bleeding into the urine. The patient has no other urinary tract symptoms. Which of the following
medications is most likely to procedure this side effect?
A. Ethambutol
B. Isoniazid
C. Pyridoxine
D. Rifampin
E. Streptomycin

7th NATIONAL MCQ EXAMINATION

NATIONAL BOARD OF EVALUATION
INDONESIAN COLLEGE OF PEDIATRICS
JULY 14, 2010
SELECT THE ONE BEST ANSWER, PUT YOUR ANSWERS IN THE ANSWER SHEET
TIME ALLOCATION : 100 MINUTE

GASTRO-HEPATOLOGY

1. A 7-week-old,full-term girl has worsening jaundice that the parents first noticed 10 days ago. On her
examination, she is well appearing and is noted to have a liver edge 4 cm below her costal margin. Her
direct bilirubin is 9.
The most likely cause of her direct hyperbilirubinemia is which of the following :
A. Billiary atresia
B. Cholecystitis
C. Sepsis
D. Acetaminophen toxicity
E. Chollytiasis

F. An 8-year-old girl presents to your office with a 3 day-history of decreased appetite and abdominal
pain. She denies fever or diarrhea but has nausea and intermittent vomitting. Physical examination reveals a
jaundiced girl with a height and weight at the 50 percentile for age. The abdomen is soft and nondistended
with positive bowel sounds, but the patient has diffuse right upper quadrant pain and enlargement of the
liver without splenomegaly.
Your initial evaluation includes
A. Hepatitis A antibody
B. Monospot
C. Hepatitis B surface antigen
D. Hepatitis B antibody
E. Hepatitis B e antigen

3. A 5-year-old girl has had intermittent, painless, bright red colored bleeding from the rectum in association
with bowel movements for the past 3 months. Inspection of the anus reveals no fissures, but blood is present
on the examiner’s finger following digital examination of the rectum. Of the following, the most likely
cause of this patient’s rectal bleeding is :
A. Intussusception
B. Juvenile polyp
C. Meckel’s diverticulum
D. Peptic ulcer disease
E. Ulcerative colitis
 29

PERINATOLOGY

4. A newborn male spits up his first feeding and subsequently develops bilious emesis following further
feddings. On physical examination, he appears ill, has a scaphoid abdomen, and has absent bowel sounds. A
plain radiograph reveals air in the proximal small bowel but a paucity of air in the distal digestive tract. Of
the following, the most likely cause for this infant’s vomiting and clinical findings is :
A. Antral web
B. Choledochal cyst
C. Hirschsprung disease
D. Tracheoesophageal fistula
E. Volvulus

5. A baby boy was born from a mother who had positive AFB from her sputum. His mother was on
antituberculosis treatment since 1 month before the baby was born. The baby was doing well with 9/10
Apgar Score. His Birth Weight was 3100 gram and his placenta didn’t show any tubercle. He also had two
siblings. His 8 years old sister was well nourished and had no complaints. His 3 years old brother was also
in a good condition.
The most appropriate time for BCG immunization would be :
A. Immediately after Birth
B. At the age of 2 months as a routine immunization schedule
C. At the age of 1 months, when the clinical condition is good and tuberculin test negative
D. At the age of 3 months, when the clinical condition is good and tuberculin test negative
E. There is no need for giving BCG immunization

6. A 19 year-old primiparous woman developed toxemia in her trimester of pregnancy and during the course
of her labor was treated with magnesium sulfate. At 38 weeks’ gestation, she delivered a 2100 grams-infant
with an Apgar score of 1 at 1 minute and 5 at 5 minutes. Laboratory studies at 18 hours of age revealed a
hematocrit of 79 %, platetet count of 100,000/micro, glucose 41 mg/dl, magnesium 2,5 mEg/l, and calcium
8,7 mg/dl. Soon after, the infant had a generalized convulsion.
Of the following the infant’s seizure was most likely caused by
A. Polycythemia
B. Hypoglycemia
C. Hypocalcemia
D. Hypermagnesemia
E. Thrombocytopenia

7. A premature infant had been fed 10 ml for orogastric tube. The gastric residual before feeding is 2 ml which
contained digested formula. The physical examination and vital signs are normal. What should you do to
the infant?
A. Fasting
B. Discard the aspirate and continue the feedings
C. Take an abdominal radiograph
D. Increase the interval of feeding
E. Replace the volume

B. The examination of a newborn’s back reveals a quarter-size “lump” of the soft tissue overlying the
lower spine. Evaluation with ultrasound of this lesion may demonstrate :
A. Ebstein pearl
B. Mongolian spot
C. Cephalohematoma
D. Omphalocele
E. Occult spina bifida
 30

TROPICAL/INFECTION DISEASE

9. A 6 year-old boy has a bright, red, punctate, erythematous rash which blanches on pressure, beginning in
the axilar along with some perioral pallor and relative facial sparing. The skin feels like “sandpaper”. The
rash fades and desquamates on the hands and feet. A thick white exuadate develops on the tongue which
peels off leaving a “stawberry tongue” with prominent papillae. This description is typical of :
A. Scarlet fever
B. Kawasaki’s disease
C. Infectious mononucleosis
D. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
E. Measles

10. A 7 year and 6 months-old girl with a body weight and length of 24 kg and 125 cm respectively, was
hospitalized because of dengue virus infection. The patient presented with fever for 5 days, abdominal pain,
and vomiting. Caough and cold were not noted. Petechia and echymosis was found on her skin. Blood
pressure was 100/70 mmHg, pulse 100/min, body temperature 39°C, Hematocrit 47 % and platelet count
90.000/cmm. The most likely diagnosis would be
A. Dengue Fever
B. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever grade I
C. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever grade II
D. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever grade III
E. Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever grade IV

11 A 9-year-old boy presents with fever >39°C for 4 days, watery diarrhea, conjunctival injection, diffuse
erythroderma, strawberry tongue, blood pressure of 80/40 mm Hg, and moderately elevated hepatic
transaminases. The most likely diagnosis is :
A. Staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome
B. Kawasaki disease
C. Toxic shock syndrome
D. Stevens-Johnson syndrome
E. Toxic epidermal necrolysis

PEDIATRIC EMERGENCY

14. A 5-year-old boy came to the emmergency departement because of clammy hands. The mother told the
doctor that her son had had fever for 4 days. The temperature bacame normal the night before; however a
few hours later, she felt that her son’s hand got clammy. There were some small red dots on the face and
feet, noticed by his parents since the afternoon. There were no history of bleeding, vomiting and diarrhea.
His appetite was decreased. Defecation was nornal. Based only on that story, the most likely diagnosis is :
A. Septic shock
B. Cardiogenic shock
C. Dengue shock syndrome
D. Hypoglicemia shock
E. Anaphylactic shock

15. You are informed that a 6 year-old girl is being transported to your ED following a drowning incident at a
nearby pool. The patient is unconscious and total submersion time is unknown. Which of the following
would be the most important priority in the prehospital setting?
A. Attempts to evacuate aspirated fluid by performing Heimlich maneuver
B. Cervical spine immobilization
C. Wrap the patient in warm blankets
D. Do nothing and continur rapid transport
E. Initiate cardiopulmonary resuscitation if the patient is pulseless
 31

A. A 5 year-old boy is brought to your emergency departement (ED) for evaluation of scalding
burns to face, arms, and torso from hot water. On examination yo note that the burns to the hands and face
seem qiute extensive. There is marked edema, erythema, and some blistering present. Which of the
following is a management priority in this child?
A. Estimate the percentage surface area involved in the burn. If the burn involved more than
15 % body surface area (BSA), begin agressive fluid administration.
B. Assess the child’s airway and oxygenation status
C. Begin humidified oxygen and prepare for intubation
D. Determine the circulation status
E. Nebulize respiratory treatments to prevent bronchospasm

17. You are at a restaurant when you observe a child apparently choking, the child is not able to cough and is
unconscious. Which of the following describes the most appropriate intervention?
A. Active emergency medical service (EMS)
B. Attempt to remove the foreign body if visualized in oropharynx
C. Administer a combination of back blows and chest thrust
D. If the cough becomes ineffective, perform the Heimlich manouver
E. Place the child on the floor and administer five abdominal thrust

RESPIROLOGY

18. A 5 month-old girl came to Emergency Room with difficulty in breathing. Three days prior to admission
she suffered from fever and cough. Her physical examination showed increased respiratotory rate along
with a chest indrawing. Auscultation revealed crackles without any evidence of whezzing. Her CBC
showed a leucocyte count of 27,00 cell/ul and chest X-ray showed multiple blebs in right hemithorax.
The possible causative agent of pneumoniae in this baby girl would be :
A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
B. Staphylococcus aureus
C. Haemophylus influenzae
D. Staphylococcus epidermidis
E. Chlamydia trachomatis

NEUROLOGY

19. An 11-month-old presents to your emergency departement with irritability, fever, and stiff neck. When
performing the lumbar puncture in this child, you should
A. Quickly push the needle in all the way until a pop is left
B. Push the needle in until resistance is left and then withdraw the stylet
C. Use a needle without a stylet
D. Twirl the needle repeatedly
E. Advance the needle by small increments and remove the stylet after each advance to see if
cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) comes out

20. A 4 year-old boy was admitted to the hospital with alteration of consciousness since 2 days prior of
hospitalization. He has had fever for 3 days, along with headache and projectile vomiting. Seizures
developed 2 days before admission, which was of a general type, lasting for 5 minutes and recurred. His
bowelmovement and urination were normal. He never received basic immunization, and never got severe
disease since birth, except for swollen cheek about 2 weeks before, which resolved by itself. Physical
examinations revealed GCS 8 (E2M4V2), hyperthermia, neck stiffness and spasm. His physiological
reflexes were increased ang pathological reflexes were present. Laboratory examinations revealed WBC
5,500/mm³, Hemoglobin 12.1 g/dl, Platelet count 540,000/cmm.
The most reasonable examination which should be perfomed is :
A. Head CT-scan
B. MRI
C. EEG
D. Blood culture
E. Spinal tap
 32

21. A 13-year-old boy admitted for complaints of lower extremity weakness niticed that his legs were weak
when getting out of bed. His symptoms seem to be getting worse because now he is having difficulty in
walking. He contracted an upper respiratory tract infection about 2 weeks ago but did not experience any
fever. He plays football but denies any recent trauma. Physical examination : afebrile, cranial nerves
normal, upper extremities is 5/5, no pronator drift and lower extermity strength is 3/5. Sensory normal,
gait : unable to walk unassisted. Relfexes are absent in the lower extremities. Give the most likely diagnosis
:
A. Transverse myelitis
B. Poliomyelitis
C. Guillain Barre Syndrome
D. Myositis
E. Myastenia gravis

22. A six year-old boy was brought to the emergency departement because of seizure since one hour before
admission. Physical examination revealed an unconcious boy, body temperature was 41,5 ° C, respiration
rate 40/m deep, pulse rate 144 m, BP 130/90, Hb 13 g %, PCV 40 %, leucocyte 18000. His body weight
was 33 kg.
The working diagnosis of this boy is :
A. Encephalitis + obesity + bronchopneumonia
B. status epilepticus + hyperpyrexia + obesity
C. tuberculosis meningitis
D. bacterial meningitis
E. complex febrile seizure + hyperpyrexia

23. A mother in the predecing question delivered a 4000 g- baby by a difficult forceps delivery. The baby was
alert and active. She did not more her left arm, however, which she kept internally rotated by her side with
the forearm extended and pronated; she also did not move it during a Moro reflex. The rest of her physical
examination was normal.
This clinical picture most likely indicates
A. Fracture of the left clavicle
B. Fracture of the left humerus
C. Left-sided Erb-Duchenne paralysis
D. Left-sided Klumpke paralysis
E. Spinal injury with left hemiparesis

HEMATOLOGY

24. A12 year-old boy, 20 kg,ith lung TB was consulted to you because of pallor. The patient suffered from lung
TB since 4 months ago and now was in 2nd month of TB treatment. The history and physical examination
was unremarkable. Laboratory findings revealed Hb 8,9 g/Dl, WBC 7400/cmm, Platelet 176000/cmm,
Reticulocyte 1,2 %, differential count 1/-/8/16/54/21, Serum Iron 35 (N 60-90) Total Iron Binding Capacity
275 (N 250-400).
A. Iron deficiency
B. Chronic disease
C. Malnutrition
D. Hemoglobinopathy
E. Hypoplastic anemia

25. The best management in this patient is

A. Give PRC transfusion until Hb 10 g/Dl to increase blood oxygenation
B. Give Iron orally
C. Give erythropoietin injection
D. Continue TB treatment
E. Give high calorie diet
 33

26. A 3 year-old boy develops pallor, purpura on the skin and recurrent epistaxis. There is no evidence of
hepatosplenomegaly or lymphnode enlargement. Laboratory findings reveals a hemoglobin level of 3
g/dl, hematocrit 9,3%, red blood cell count 1,500.000/mm³, white blood cell count 1,500/mm³ and
platelet count 55,000/mm³. The most likely diagnosis of the patient is :
A. Hemolytic anemia
B. Aplastic anemia
C. Post-hemorrhagic anemia
D. Leukimia
E. Iron deficiency anemia

27. A 5 year-old has had recurrent hematoma on both his arms and legs since the age of one year. platelet count
is 200,000/µL, Hb and WBC are 11,1 g/dl and 5,500//µL respectively, and bleeding ime is 2 minutes. There
is no hepatosplenomegaly or lymphnode enlargement. which of the following is most likely to explain this
child’s condition?
A. Disturbance of thrombocyte function
B. Disturbance of synthesis in Von Wiillebrand factor
C. Disturbance of vascular
D. Disturbance of fibrinolytic system
E. Disturbance of coagulation system

28. A 3 year-old boy with ALL (L3 type) suddenly experienced low urine output. The total urine output was 0.3
ml/kg BW/h. The patient was diagnosed as ALL (L type) since 2 weeks before and started induction phase
of chemotherapy since 8 days before.
The most possible reason for this condition is :
A. Acute Kidney Injury
B. Tumor Lysis Syndrome
C. Not adequate hydration
D. Syndrome of Inappropriate Anti Diuretic Hormone (SIADH)
E. Hyperleukocytosis

29. A 6 year-old child came to the hospital with the chief complaint of nose-bleed a long with red dot spots on
his extremities. There was no fever. There aws no history of bleeding beforehand. He had been circumcized
without any problem. There was no history of the same symptoms in his family The physical examination
revealed no evidence of hepatosplenomegaly.
The most likely cause of these symptoms would be
A. Primary Trombocytosis
B. Von Willebrand’s Disease
C. Hemophilia
D. Vitamin K deficiency
E. ITP

NEPHROLOGY

30. A 7 year-old Indonesian boy has complaints, pallor and difficulty to gain weight for one year. A
thorough physical examination revealed that he was alert, looked ill with a body weight of 18 kg, body
height of 104 cm. Blood pressure was 140/100 mmHg. Laboratoryfindings revealed Hb 9 g/dl, ureum
150 mg/dl, plasma creatinine 3.6 mg/dl, Erythroctre cast, leucocyte : 0-1/HPF, erythrocyte : 20-40/HPF.
The most likely diagnosis of this patient is :
A. Acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis
B. Acute pyelonephritis
C. Nephrotic syndrome
D. Chronic glomerulonephritis
E. Chronic pyelonephritis
 34

31. Which of the following that is NOT the indication for long-term prophylaxis against urinary tract
infection :
A. Ureteropelvic junction obstruction
B. Posterior urethal valve
C. Prune belly syndrome
D. Nephrotic syndrome
E. Vesico-uretheral reflux

32. A 6 year-old girl with global developmental delay presents with fever and gross haematuria, along with
visible pink urine and clots. Birth history revealed full term normal delivery with no neonatal
complications. She has been diagnosed as developmental delay at 9 months, and receives spesial
schooling. Immunizations are up to date. There is no family or social history of note. On examination
she has a temperature of 37.8ºC, respiratory rate of 18/min and heart rate of 90/min. She has suprapubic
tenderness. Urine dipstix testing shows 4+ haematuria, 3+ proteinuria and 3+ nitrites.
The most lukely diagnosis is
A. Benign familial haematuria
B. Glomerulonephritis
C. Haemorrhagic cystitis
D. Henoch-Schonlein Disease
E. Urinany tract infection

33. A 1 year-old male child was brought with fever for 2 days along with decreased appetite. Physical
examinations were normal. Urinalysis showed protein +1, abundant leucocytes, erythrocyte 20-30/hpf,
bacteria +.
What would be the best therapy for this case?
A. Oral antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria
B. Oral antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria
C. Intravenous antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria
D. Intravenous antibiotics for Gram-positive bacteria
E. Intravenous followed by oral antibiotics for Gram-negative bacteria

ENDOCRINOLOGY

34. An eleven year-old boy presented to the clinic because of short stature. Height was much below 3 rd
percentile and weight was on 75th percentile. Which of the following is important in your initial
evaluation?
A. Measure parent’s height, calculate mid-parental height
B. Assure him that his short statute is not pathological
C. Immediately do growth hormone stimulation test
D. Start growth hormone tratment, if clinically suggestive of GH deficiency
E. Start short trial of growth hormone and see the response

35. A ten year-old girl presented with obesity, round plethoric face, hirsutism and short stature. On
examination her blood pressure was hidh and her obesity was truncal. Which of the following laboratory
finding is expected to be present in the child?
A. Metabolic acidosis
B. Hyperkalemia
C. Hypoglycemia
D. Hypokalemia and metabolic alkalosis
E. Increased cortisol level
 35

36. An 8 year-old male has a 3 week-history of weight loss, polyuria and polydipsia. He has been urinating
approximately two or three times per hour for the last few weeks.
He has experiended some mild abdominal discomfort but there was no evidence of nausea or vomiting.
Taking into consideration that the child has Diabetes, the statements below are true expect
A. A patient with poorly controlled diabetes should not undergo elective surgery until glucose is
reasonably
B. Patient undergoing minor surgial procedures may be brought in on the morning of surgery
C. There are only 2 ways of starting insulin
D. Lantus is very helpful, as it has a long-acting profile and provides good control of basal
hyperglycemic
E. Selection and rotation of insulin sites are important

37. A 14 year-old is brought into your office because concerns of lack of pubertal development. The parents
report that the child has otherwise been healthy, but the child has been complaining that all of his/her
friends seem to be getting much taller than him/her. The child’s father is 180 cm and could not recall
when he went through puberty, but did remember being shorter than all his friends in high school. The
mother is 165 cm and had menarche at age 14 years. On the physical examination, the child’s height is
less than the 5th percentile, and weight is at the 30 th percentile. The child is entirely prepubertal.
What is the most likely diagnosis if this a boy with a bone age of 11 years, and his father grew 10 cm after
high school?
A. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
B. Constitutional delay of puberty
C. Hypogonadotropic hypogonadism
D. Klinefelter’s syndrome
E. Kallmann syndrome

NUTRITION

38. Infant formula is not a sterile product and may be contamined with pathogens that can cause serious
illness. Proper handling and correct preparations will reduce the risk. According to the WHO guidelines
it has to be reconstituted with
A. Boottled water
B. Hot boiling water (100°C)
C. Water directly from water dispenser
D. Boiled water that has been allowed to cool to no less than 70°C
E. Mixture of hot boiling water and cool water to achieve temperature of 70°C

39 Nutritional obesity has to be differentiated with obesity as a part of a syndrome. The following feature
that is hard to diferentiate between nutritional obesity and syndromic obesity is:
A. Short stature
B. Delayed development
C. Dysmorphic face
D. Familial occurrence
E. Mentally retarded

40 A two year-old boy was diagnosed as hypercarotenemia. Of the following the most important
examination is featuring yellow pigmentation
A. in the sclera and oral cavity
B. of the skin
C. in the sclera and nail
D. in the oral cavity
E. in the sclera,oral cavity and nail
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41. A 2 years-old boy, Body Weight 6,5 kg, Body Length 80 cm, complains of weight loss for the last 6
months, along with loss of appetite. He has the following anthropometric measures: weight-for-age z-
score <-3 SD, weight for height = 59%, height for age= 93%.
The diagnosis of this patient is
A. Severe malnutrition marasmic type
B. Severe malnutrition kwarshiorcor type
C. Severe malnutrition marasmic- kwarshiorcor type
D. Failure to thrive
E. Short stature

42. A premature baby is presented with apparent Essential Fatty Acid W-6 defyciency due to prolonged
parenteral nutrition without proper supplementation.
The following statements are appropriate for Essential Fatty Acid W-6:
A. Main source: Deep-sea fist body oil
B. Essential for the nervous system and retina development
C. Arachidonic acid is thebiological active form
D. Pharmacologic action of lowering triglyceride blood level
E. Not essential for the healing of skin lesion

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT

42 A mother brings her 7 month-old child for a routine check-up. Between the ages of six and eight,
children typically become able to participate in a much greater of activities primarily as a result of:
A. A significant increase in fine-motor control.
B. A latency period of minimal physical growth and development.
C. A sudden,dramatic improvment in gross-motor control.
D. The eatablishment of handedness and footedness.
E. Change of intelligence

43 An 18 month-old boy comes to clinic with the chief complaint of not being able to walk yet. He was
bom at 32 weeks of gestation. He recently understands simple instruktion,can say dada-tata, and can eat
using a spoon.
The most probable development problem for this child is:
A. Delayed motoric development
B. Global delayed development
C. Delayed speech
D. Delayed fine motor development
E. Normal development

44. In his previuos basic immunization,he has got BCG1x, DPT3x, Hepatitis B 3x, Polio 4x, which are
appropriate immunization for him now:
A. DPT 4, Hepatitis 4, Polio 5
B. Measles
C. DPT 4, Polio 5, measles
D. DPT 4, Polio 5
E. Hepatitis 4
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CARDIOLOGY

47 A 5 day old infant bom at 31 weeks gestation is on ventilatory support. He has a grade 2 holosystolic
murmur that extends past the second heart sound. Pulses are bounding. Precordial palpation is
hyperdynamic. Echocardiography reveals a large patent ductus arteriosus. Concentrations of
hemoglobin, electrolytes and creatinine are normal. Of the following the most appropriate INITIAL
management is to:
A. Administer furosemide intravenously
B. Administer indomethacin intravenously
C. Administer indomethacin via nasogastric tube.
D. Defer intervention because spontaneous closure is likely
E. Obtain a surgical consultation of ligation of the ductus.

48 A 3-month old boy comes to you with fast breathing occurring mainly during feeding. The mother tells
you that her baby often stops every 5 minutes during breast feeding. On physical examination, you find
mild respiratory distress. First and second heart sound are normal, but a lound machinery murmur is
heard on the upper left sternal border. The most likely diagnosis is:
A. VSD
B. ASD
C. CAPVD
D. PDA
E. Tetralogy of Fallot

49 A 1 year-old child is brought to the ER because his parent thought his heart was pounding as they were
putting him to bed. EKG reveal a HR of 300/min that spontaneously converts to asinus rate of 100/min.
The parents estimate that the tachycardia lasted 20 minutes; the child was asymtomatic throughout. Of
the following the MOST appropriate management of this child is;
A. Administration of a beta blocker
B. Administration of digoxin
C. Administration of procainamide
D. Administration of verapamil
E. Observation without drug therapy

50. A 7 year-old child returns for follow up. He is pink and healthy looking with normal vital signs, pulses,
and precordial activity. However the anteroposterior diameter of her chest is somewhat increased. The
lungs are clear. S1 is normal, but S2 is fixed and widely split. A2/6 medium frequency systolic ejection
murmur is heard at the upper left sternal border and all along the left ssternal border; it also heard well
in the lung fields. There is also an early 2/6 diastolic murmur, almost descrescendo at the lower left
sternal border. The liver is 1 cm below the right costal margin.
What is the murmur at the upper left sternal border most likely caused by?
A. Relative pulmonary stenosis
B. Relative tricuspid stenosis
C. Relative mitral sttenosis
D. Relative aortic stenosis
E. Relative mitral insufficiency

ALLERGY-IMMUNOLOGY

1. A 14-year old girl is exposed to roundworm Ascaris but does not develop clinical signs of infection. Which
of the following mechanisms is likely to be responsible for his resistance to infection?
A. Antibody-mediated destruction of worm-infected cells
B. CTL-induced apoptosis of worm-infected cells
C. Complement-mediated lysis of worm attached to host tissues
D. IgE-mediated type I hypersensitivity disrupting worm attachment
E. Phagocytosis of worms followed by necrosis of phagocytes
 38

2. A 15-month old body who has not received any recommended vaccines remains healthy despite his
daily assosiation with several other children for the past years in his otherwise well-tended inner city
housing area’ Which of the following merchanisms best explains why he has not contracted diphttheria,
measles, pertussis, or polio?
A. Hard immunity
B. Genetic drift
C. Genetic shift
D. Immune evasion
E. Tolerance

3. A 5-year old, previously healthy boy has had a daily spiking fever up to 40°C in the evening for 4
weeks. His temperature is normal between spikes. When febrile, the child is irritable, has malaise and
does not want to play or move. He is often active and playful when afebrile. He appears stiff in the
morning. His mother is concernet that his finger and knee joints appear swollen.
This child’s diagnosis is most likely
A. Rheumatic fever
B. Systemic arthritis
C. Periodic fever syndrome
D. Kawasaki disease
E. Systemic Lupus Erythematosus
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KOLEGIUM ILMU KESEHATAN ANAK INDONESIA

8th MCQ Progress Test Nasional, 11 Mei 2011

Nama :.....................................................................
IPDSA : .....................................................................
Tahapan : ..................................................................... (Yunior / Madya / Senior)
Semster : .....................................................................

Petunjuk :
Berilah tanda X pada huruf jawaban yang benar pada lembar jawaban
1. Bayi berusia 2 hari diperiksakan ke ruang gawat darurat karena pendarahan dari dubur dan hidung.