Variación de temperatura en el enfriamiento de un

metal
Author Carlos Salgado, Saywa Quilumbaqui
Report date Dec 17, 2019 4:48:07 PM
Company Universidad San Francisco de Quito

1
Contents
1. Global Definitions ................................................................................................................................ 3
1.1. Parameters ................................................................................................................................................................... 3
2. Component 1 ........................................................................................................................................ 4
2.1. Definitions .................................................................................................................................................................... 4
2.2. Geometry 1 .................................................................................................................................................................. 5
2.3. Materials ....................................................................................................................................................................... 6
2.4. Heat Transfer in Fluids ............................................................................................................................................ 8
2.5. Meshes ........................................................................................................................................................................50
3. Study 1................................................................................................................................................. 58
3.1. Stationary ...................................................................................................................................................................58
3.2. Solver Configurations ............................................................................................................................................59
4. Study 2................................................................................................................................................. 65
4.1. Stationary ...................................................................................................................................................................65
4.2. Solver Configurations ............................................................................................................................................66
5. Study 3................................................................................................................................................. 70
5.1. Stationary ...................................................................................................................................................................70
5.2. Solver Configurations ............................................................................................................................................70
6. Results ................................................................................................................................................. 74
6.1. Data Sets .....................................................................................................................................................................74
6.2. Plot Groups ................................................................................................................................................................81

2
1 Global Definitions
Date Dec 12, 2019 11:49:48 AM

GLOBAL SETTINGS
Name Enfriamioento de metal final - copia.mph
Path F:\enfriamioento_de_metal_final - copia.mph
Version COMSOL Multiphysics 5.4 (Build: 388)
Unit system SI

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics
Heat Transfer Module

1.1 PARAMETERS
PARAMETERS 1
Name Expression Value Description
T_m 1356[K] 1356 K Melting temperature
dT 50[K] 50 K Temperature transition zone half width
dH 205[kJ/kg] 2.05E5 J/kg Latent heat of solidification
Heat capacity at constant pressure, solid
Cp_S 380[J/(kg*K)] 380 J/(kg·K)
phase
Heat capacity at constant pressure, liquid
Cp_L 530[J/(kg*K)] 530 J/(kg·K)
phase
T0 300[K] 300 K Ambient temperature
T_in 1473[K] 1473 K Melt inlet temperature
v_cast 2.5[mm/s] 0.0025 m/s Casting speed
h_mold 800[W/(m^2*K)] 800 W/(m²·K) Heat transfer coefficient, mold
h_spray 200[W/(m^2*K)] 200 W/(m²·K) Heat transfer coefficient, spray cooled region
eps_s 0.8 0.8 Surface emissivity

3
2 Component 1
Date Dec 12, 2019 11:29:41 AM

SETTINGS
Description Value
Unit system Same as global system
Geometry shape order Automatic

SPATIAL FRAME COORDINATES

First Second Third
r phi z

MATERIAL FRAME COORDINATES

First Second Third
R PHI Z

GEOMETRY FRAME COORDINATES

First Second Third
Rg PHIg Zg

MESH FRAME COORDINATES

First Second Third
Rm PHIm Zm

2.1 DEFINITIONS

2.1.1 Coordinate Systems

Boundary System 1

Coordinate system type Boundary system

Tag sys1

COORDINATE NAMES
First Second Third
t1 to n

4
2.2 GEOMETRY 1

Geometry 1

UNITS
Length unit m
Angular unit deg

GEOMETRY STATISTICS
Description Value
Space dimension 2
Number of domains 2
Number of boundaries 7
Number of vertices 6

2.2.1 Rectangle 1 (r1)

POSITION
Description Value
Position {0, 0}

SIZE
Description Value
Width 0.1
Height 0.6

5
2.2.2 Rectangle 2 (r2)
POSITION
Description Value
Position {0, 0.6}

SIZE
Description Value
Width 0.1
Height 0.2

2.3 MATERIALS

2.3.1 Aleación de metal sólido

Aleación de metal sólido

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection No domains

MATERIAL PARAMETERS
Name Value Unit
Thermal conductivity 300 W/(m·K)
Density 8500 kg/m³
Heat capacity at constant pressure Cp_S J/(kg·K)
Ratio of specific heats 1 1

6
 BASIC SETTINGS
Description Value
Thermal conductivity {{300, 0, 0}, {0, 300, 0}, {0, 0, 300}}
Density 8500
Heat capacity at constant pressure Cp_S
Ratio of specific heats 1

2.3.2 aleación de metal líquido

aleación de metal líquido

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Domains 1–2

MATERIAL PARAMETERS
Name Value Unit
Thermal conductivity 150 W/(m·K)
Density 8500 kg/m³
Heat capacity at constant pressure Cp_L J/(kg·K)
Ratio of specific heats 1 1

BASIC SETTINGS
Description Value
Thermal conductivity {{150, 0, 0}, {0, 150, 0}, {0, 0, 150}}
Density 8500

7
 Description Value
Heat capacity at constant pressure Cp_L
Ratio of specific heats 1

2.4 HEAT TRANSFER IN FLUIDS

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics
Heat Transfer Module

Heat Transfer in Fluids

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Domains 1–2

EQUATIONS

2.4.1 Interface settings

Discretization

SETTINGS
Description Value
Temperature Linear

8
Physical model

SETTINGS
Description Value
Heat transfer in biological tissue Off
Isothermal domain Off
Heat transfer in porous media Off
Heat transfer in alloys Off
Reference temperature User defined
Reference temperature 293.15[K]

2.4.2 Variables
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Inward heat Boundaries
ht.q0 0 W/m² + operation
flux 2, 4–7
ht.Tu up(T) K Temperature Boundary 4
Boundaries
ht.Tu T K Temperature
2, 5–7
ht.Td down(T) K Temperature Boundary 4
Boundaries
ht.Td T K Temperature
2, 5–7
Reference
ht.Tref model.input.Tref K Global Meta
temperature
ht.d 1 1 Thickness Domains 1–2
Reference
ht.HRef 0 J/kg Domains 1–2
enthalpy
Sensible
ht.DeltaH 0 J/kg Domains 1–2 + operation
enthalpy
ht.H 0 J/kg Enthalpy Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.H0 ht.H+ht.Ek J/kg Total enthalpy Domains 1–2
ht.Ei 0 J/kg Internal energy Domains 1–2 + operation
Total internal
ht.Ei0 ht.Ei+ht.Ek J/kg Domains 1–2
energy
ht.Ek 0 J/kg Kinetic energy Domains 1–2 + operation
Conductive
ht.dfluxr 0 W/m² heat flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Conductive
ht.dfluxphi 0 W/m² heat flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
component

9
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Conductive
ht.dfluxz 0 W/m² heat flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dfluxr mean(ht.dfluxr) W/m² heat flux, r + operation
1–7
component
Conductive
mean(ht.dfluxph Boundaries
ht.dfluxphi W/m² heat flux, phi + operation
i) 1–7
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dfluxz mean(ht.dfluxz) W/m² heat flux, z + operation
1–7
component
Conductive
ht.dfluxtestr 0 W/m² heat flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Conductive
ht.dfluxtestphi 0 W/m² heat flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Conductive
ht.dfluxtestz 0 W/m² heat flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Conductive
mean(ht.dfluxtes Boundaries
ht.dfluxtestr W/m² heat flux, r + operation
tr) 1–7
component
Conductive
mean(ht.dfluxtes Boundaries
ht.dfluxtestphi W/m² heat flux, phi + operation
tphi) 1–7
component
Conductive
mean(ht.dfluxtes Boundaries
ht.dfluxtestz W/m² heat flux, z + operation
tz) 1–7
component
sqrt(ht.dfluxr^2 Conductive
ht.dfluxMag +ht.dfluxphi^2+ W/m² heat flux Domains 1–2
ht.dfluxz^2) magnitude
Convective
ht.cfluxr 0 W/m² heat flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Convective
ht.cfluxphi 0 W/m² heat flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Convective
ht.cfluxz 0 W/m² heat flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
component
ht.cfluxMag sqrt(ht.cfluxr^2 W/m² Convective Domains 1–2
10
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
+ht.cfluxphi^2+ heat flux
ht.cfluxz^2) magnitude
ht.dfluxr+ht.cflu Total heat flux,
ht.tfluxr W/m² Domains 1–2
xr r component
ht.dfluxphi+ht.cf Total heat flux,
ht.tfluxphi W/m² Domains 1–2
luxphi phi component
ht.dfluxz+ht.cflu Total heat flux,
ht.tfluxz W/m² Domains 1–2
xz z component
sqrt(ht.tfluxr^2+
Total heat flux
ht.tfluxMag ht.tfluxphi^2+ht W/m² Domains 1–2
magnitude
.tfluxz^2)
Total energy
ht.tefluxr 0 W/m² flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Total energy
ht.tefluxphi 0 W/m² flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Total energy
ht.tefluxz 0 W/m² flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
component
sqrt(ht.tefluxr^2
Total energy
ht.tefluxMag +ht.tefluxphi^2 W/m² Domains 1–2
flux magnitude
+ht.tefluxz^2)
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dflux_ur up(ht.dfluxr) W/m² heat flux, r
1–7
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dflux_uphi up(ht.dfluxphi) W/m² heat flux, phi
1–7
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dflux_uz up(ht.dfluxz) W/m² heat flux, z
1–7
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dflux_dr down(ht.dfluxr) W/m² heat flux, r
1–7
component
Conductive
down(ht.dfluxph Boundaries
ht.dflux_dphi W/m² heat flux, phi
i) 1–7
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dflux_dz down(ht.dfluxz) W/m² heat flux, z
1–7
component
Conductive
ht.dfluxtest_ur up(ht.dfluxtestr) W/m² Boundaries
heat flux, r
11
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
component 1–7
Conductive
ht.dfluxtest_up up(ht.dfluxtestp Boundaries
W/m² heat flux, phi
hi hi) 1–7
component
Conductive
Boundaries
ht.dfluxtest_uz up(ht.dfluxtestz) W/m² heat flux, z
1–7
component
Conductive
down(ht.dfluxtes Boundaries
ht.dfluxtest_dr W/m² heat flux, r
tr) 1–7
component
Conductive
ht.dfluxtest_dp down(ht.dfluxtes Boundaries
W/m² heat flux, phi
hi tphi) 1–7
component
Conductive
down(ht.dfluxtes Boundaries
ht.dfluxtest_dz W/m² heat flux, z
tz) 1–7
component
Radiative heat Boundaries
ht.rflux 0 W/m² + operation
flux 1–7
mean(ht.cfluxr)*
ht.nr+mean(ht.cf Normal
Boundaries
ht.ncflux luxphi)*ht.nphi+ W/m² convective heat
1–7
mean(ht.cfluxz)* flux
ht.nz
up(ht.cfluxr)*ht.u
Internal normal
nr+up(ht.cfluxph Boundaries
ht.ncflux_u W/m² convective heat
i)*ht.unphi+up(h 1–7
flux, upside
t.cfluxz)*ht.unz
down(ht.cfluxr)*
ht.dnr+down(ht. Internal normal
Boundaries
ht.ncflux_d cfluxphi)*ht.dnp W/m² convective heat
1–7
hi+down(ht.cflu flux, downside
xz)*ht.dnz
Normal
0.5*(ht.ndflux_d- Boundaries
ht.ndflux W/m² conductive + operation
ht.ndflux_u) 1–7
heat flux
Internal normal
conductive Boundaries
ht.ndflux_u -ht.ndflux_d W/m² + operation
heat flux, 1–3, 5–7
upside
Internal normal
conductive
ht.ndflux_u 0 W/m² Boundary 4 + operation
heat flux,
upside

12
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Internal normal
conductive Boundaries
ht.ndflux_d 0 W/m² + operation
heat flux, 1–7
downside
ht.ndflux+ht.ncfl Normal total Boundaries
ht.ntflux W/m²
ux heat flux 1–7
Internal normal
ht.ndflux_u+ht.n Boundaries
ht.ntflux_u W/m² total flux,
cflux_u 1–7
upside
Internal normal
ht.ndflux_d+ht.n Boundaries
ht.ntflux_d W/m² total flux,
cflux_d 1–7
downside
mean(ht.tefluxr)*
ht.nr+mean(ht.t
efluxphi)*ht.nphi
+mean(ht.teflux
z)*ht.nz-
Normal total Boundaries
ht.nteflux mean(ht.dfluxr)* W/m²
energy flux 1–7
ht.nr-
mean(ht.dfluxph
i)*ht.nphi-
mean(ht.dfluxz)*
ht.nz+ht.ndflux
up(ht.tefluxr)*ht.
unr+up(ht.teflux
phi)*ht.unphi+u
p(ht.tefluxz)*ht.u
nz- Internal normal
Boundaries
ht.nteflux_u up(ht.dfluxr)*ht. W/m² total energy
1–7
unr- flux, upside
up(ht.dfluxphi)*
ht.unphi-
up(ht.dfluxz)*ht.
unz+ht.ndflux_u
down(ht.tefluxr)
*ht.dnr+down(h
t.tefluxphi)*ht.dn
phi+down(ht.tefl
uxz)*ht.dnz- Internal normal
Boundaries
ht.nteflux_d down(ht.dfluxr)* W/m² total energy
1–7
ht.dnr- flux, downside
down(ht.dfluxph
i)*ht.dnphi-
down(ht.dfluxz)*
ht.dnz+ht.ndflux

13
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
_d
ht.Qm 0 kg/(m³·s) Mass source Domains 1–2
ht.Q 0 W/m³ Heat source Domains 1–2 + operation
Out-of-plane
ht.Qoop 0 W/m³ Domains 1–2 + operation
heat source
Total heat
ht.Qtot 0 W/m³ Domains 1–2 + operation
source
Total boundary Boundaries
ht.Qbtot 0 W/m² + operation
heat source 2, 4–7
Production/abs
ht.qs 0 W/(m³·K) orption Domains 1–2 + operation
coefficient
Out-of-plane
production/abs
ht.qs_oop 0 W/(m³·K) Domains 1–2 + operation
orption
coefficient
ht.Tvar T K Temperature Domains 1–2
Boundaries
ht.Tvar T K Temperature
1–7
ht.Tvar T K Temperature Points 1–6
Normal vector,
ht.nr nr 1 Boundary 4
r component
Normal vector,
ht.nphi 0 1 Boundary 4
phi component
Normal vector,
ht.nz nz 1 Boundary 4
z component
Normal vector, Boundaries
ht.nr dnr 1
r component 1–3, 5–7
Normal vector, Boundaries
ht.nphi 0 1
phi component 1–3, 5–7
Normal vector, Boundaries
ht.nz dnz 1
z component 1–3, 5–7
Normal vector
ht.nrmesh root.nrmesh 1 (mesh), r Boundary 4
component
Normal vector
ht.nphimesh 0 1 (mesh), phi Boundary 4
component
Normal vector
ht.nzmesh root.nzmesh 1 (mesh), z Boundary 4
component

14
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.nrmesh dnrmesh 1 (mesh), r
1–3, 5–7
component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.nphimesh 0 1 (mesh), phi
1–3, 5–7
component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.nzmesh dnzmesh 1 (mesh), z
1–3, 5–7
component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.dnr dnr 1 down direction,
1–7
r component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.dnphi 0 1 down direction,
1–7
phi component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.dnz dnz 1 down direction,
1–7
z component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.unr unr 1 up direction, r
1–7
component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.unphi 0 1 up direction,
1–7
phi component
Normal vector
Boundaries
ht.unz unz 1 up direction, z
1–7
component
Total
ht.dEiInt 0 W accumulated Global + operation
heat rate
Total
ht.dEi0Int 0 W accumulated Global + operation
energy rate
ht.intExtBnd(ht.n
Total net heat
ht.ntfluxInt tflux*ht.varIntSp W Global
rate
a)
ht.intExtBnd(ht.n
Total net
ht.ntefluxInt teflux*ht.varIntS W Global
energy rate
pa)
ht.intDom(ht.Qt
ot*ht.varIntSpa)- Total heat
ht.QInt W Global
ht.intIntBnd((ht. source
ndflux_u+ht.ndfl

15
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
ux_d)*ht.varIntS
pa)
Total work
ht.WnsInt 0 W Global + operation
source
Total work
ht.WInt 0 W Global + operation
source
Intermediate
ht.varIntSpa 2*ht.d*pi*r m Domains 1–2
variable

2.4.3 Fluid 1

Fluid 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Domains 1–2

EQUATIONS

Coordinate system selection

SETTINGS
Description Value
Coordinate system Global coordinate system

16
Model input

SETTINGS
Description Value
Velocity User defined
Velocity {0, 0, -v_cast}
Absolute pressure User defined
Absolute pressure 1[atm]

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details

2*ht.dfluxr*ht.d*p Domain flux, r
domflux.Tr W/m Domains 1–2
i*r component
2*ht.dfluxz*ht.d*p Domain flux, z
domflux.Tz W/m Domains 1–2
i*r component
integrate(subst(ht
.Cp,ht.fluid1.minp
ut_pressure,ht.pre
f),T,ht.Tref,T)+inte Sensible
ht.DeltaH J/kg Domains 1–2 + operation
grate(ht.mujtT,ht. enthalpy
fluid1.minput_pre
ssure,ht.pref,ht.p
A)
ht.HRef+ht.Delta
ht.H J/kg Enthalpy Domains 1–2 + operation
H
ht.Ei ht.H-ht.pA/ht.rho J/kg Internal energy Domains 1–2 + operation
0.5*(ht.ur^2+ht.u
ht.Ek J/kg Kinetic energy Domains 1–2 + operation
phi^2+ht.uz^2)
Conductive
-ht.k_effrr*Tr-
ht.dfluxr W/m² heat flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.k_effrz*Tz
component
17
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Conductive
-ht.k_effphir*Tr-
ht.dfluxphi W/m² heat flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.k_effphiz*Tz
component
Conductive
-ht.k_effzr*Tr-
ht.dfluxz W/m² heat flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.k_effzz*Tz
component
- Conductive
ht.dfluxtestr ht.k_effrr*test(Tr)- W/m² heat flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.k_effrz*test(Tz) component
-
ht.k_effphir*test(T Conductive
ht.dfluxtestphi r)- W/m² heat flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.k_effphiz*test( component
Tz)
-
Conductive
ht.k_effzr*test(Tr)
ht.dfluxtestz W/m² heat flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
-
component
ht.k_effzz*test(Tz)
Convective
ht.cfluxr ht.rho*ht.ur*ht.Ei W/m² heat flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Convective
ht.rho*ht.uphi*ht.
ht.cfluxphi W/m² heat flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
Ei
component
Convective
ht.cfluxz ht.rho*ht.uz*ht.Ei W/m² heat flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Total energy
ht.dfluxr+ht.rho*
ht.tefluxr W/m² flux, r Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.ur*ht.H0
component
Total energy
ht.dfluxphi+ht.rh
ht.tefluxphi W/m² flux, phi Domains 1–2 + operation
o*ht.uphi*ht.H0
component
Total energy
ht.dfluxz+ht.rho*
ht.tefluxz W/m² flux, z Domains 1–2 + operation
ht.uz*ht.H0
component
if(r>0.001/sqrt(sq
rt(mean(emetric2 Internal normal
))),- conductive
ht.ndflux_u W/m² Boundary 4 + operation
0.5*uflux_spatial( heat flux,
T)/(pi*r),NaN)/ht. upside
d
ht.ndflux_d if(r>0.001/sqrt(sq W/m² Internal normal Boundary 4 + operation

18
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
rt(mean(emetric2 conductive
))),- heat flux,
0.5*dflux_spatial( downside
T)/(pi*r),NaN)/ht.
d
if(r>0.001/sqrt(sq
rt(mean(emetric2 Internal normal
))),- conductive Boundaries
ht.ndflux_d W/m² + operation
0.5*dflux_spatial( heat flux, 1–3, 5–7
T)/(pi*r),NaN)/ht. downside
d
Total
ht.dEiInt ht.fluid1.dEiInt W accumulated Global + operation
heat rate
Total
ht.dEi0Int ht.fluid1.dEi0Int W accumulated Global + operation
energy rate
Total work
ht.WnsInt ht.fluid1.WnsInt W Global + operation
source
Reference
ht.fluid1.pref model.input.pref Pa Domains 1–2 Meta
pressure level
-ht.k_effrr*Trr-
ht.k_effrz*Trz-
ht.k_effzr*Tzr-
ht.k_effzz*Tzz- Equation
ht.res_T W/m³ Domains 1–2 + operation
(ht.qs+ht.qs_oop) residual
*T+ht.rho*ht.Cp*(
ht.ur*Tr+ht.uz*Tz)
-ht.Q-ht.Qoop
- Isobaric
ht.alphap d(ht.rho,T)/max(h 1/K compressibility Domains 1–2
t.rho,eps) coefficient
ht.fluid1.minput_ Absolute
ht.pA Pa Domains 1–2
pressure pressure
sqrt(ht.gradTr^2 Temperature
ht.gradTmag +ht.gradTphi^2+ K/m gradient Domains 1–2
ht.gradTz^2) magnitude
Metabolic heat
ht.Qmet 0 W/m³ Domains 1–2 + operation
source
Reference
ht.pref ht.fluid1.pref Pa Domains 1–2
pressure level
subst(ht.rho,ht.flu
ht.rhoInit id1.minput_press kg/m³ Initial density Domains 1–2
ure,1[atm],T,ht.Ti
19
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
nit)
Effective
ht.rho_eff ht.rho kg/m³ Domains 1–2
density
Effective
ht.C_eff ht.rho*ht.Cp J/(m³·K) volumetric heat Domains 1–2
capacity
Isothermal
ht.mujtT 0 m³/kg Joule-Thomson Domains 1–2
coefficient
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effrr ht.krr W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, rr
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effphir ht.kphir W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
phir
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effzr ht.kzr W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, zr
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effrphi ht.krphi W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
rphi
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effphiphi ht.kphiphi W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
phiphi
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effzphi ht.kzphi W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
zphi
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effrz ht.krz W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, rz
component
Effective
ht.k_effphiz ht.kphiz W/(m·K) thermal Domains 1–2
conductivity,
20
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
phiz
component
Effective
thermal
ht.k_effzz ht.kzz W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, zz
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTrr 0 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, rr
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTphir 0 W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
phir
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTzr 0 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, zr
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTrphi 0 W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
rphi
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTphiph
0 W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
i
phiphi
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTzphi 0 W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
zphi
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTrz 0 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2
conductivity, rz
component
Turbulent
thermal
ht.kappaTphiz 0 W/(m·K) conductivity, Domains 1–2
phiz
component
ht.kappaTzz 0 W/(m·K) Turbulent Domains 1–2

21
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
thermal
conductivity, zz
component
Mean effective
0.5*(ht.k_effrr+ht.
ht.kmean W/(m·K) thermal Domains 1–2
k_effzz)
conductivity
Velocity field, r
ht.ur ht.u_inputr m/s Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Velocity field,
ht.uphi ht.u_inputphi m/s Domains 1–2 + operation
phi component
Velocity field, z
ht.uz ht.u_inputz m/s Domains 1–2 + operation
component
Temperature
ht.gradTr Tr K/m gradient, r Domains 1–2
component
Temperature
ht.gradTphi 0 K/m gradient, phi Domains 1–2
component
Temperature
ht.gradTz Tz K/m gradient, z Domains 1–2
component
0.5*ht.rho*ht.Cp*
h*sqrt(ht.ur^2+ht Cell Péclet
ht.cellPe 1 Domains 1–2
.uphi^2+ht.uz^2) number
/ht.kmean
Total line heat
ht.Qltot 0 W/m Points 4–6 + operation
source
Thermal
ht.alphaTdrr ht.k_effrr/ht.C_eff m²/s diffusivity, rr Domains 1–2
component
Thermal
ht.k_effphir/ht.C_
ht.alphaTdphir m²/s diffusivity, phir Domains 1–2
eff
component
Thermal
ht.alphaTdzr ht.k_effzr/ht.C_eff m²/s diffusivity, zr Domains 1–2
component
Thermal
ht.k_effrphi/ht.C_
ht.alphaTdrphi m²/s diffusivity, rphi Domains 1–2
eff
component
Thermal
ht.alphaTdphip ht.k_effphiphi/ht. diffusivity,
m²/s Domains 1–2
hi C_eff phiphi
component
22
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Thermal
ht.k_effzphi/ht.C_
ht.alphaTdzphi m²/s diffusivity, zphi Domains 1–2
eff
component
Thermal
ht.alphaTdrz ht.k_effrz/ht.C_eff m²/s diffusivity, rz Domains 1–2
component
Thermal
ht.k_effphiz/ht.C_
ht.alphaTdphiz m²/s diffusivity, phiz Domains 1–2
eff
component
Thermal
ht.alphaTdzz ht.k_effzz/ht.C_eff m²/s diffusivity, zz Domains 1–2
component
ht.alphaTdMea Mean thermal
ht.kmean/ht.C_eff m²/s Domains 1–2
n diffusivity
Upside
ht.Tradu ht.Tu K Domains 1–2
temperature
Upside Boundaries
ht.Tradu ht.Tu K
temperature 1–7
Downside
ht.Tradd ht.Td K Domains 1–2
temperature
Downside Boundaries
ht.Tradd ht.Td K
temperature 1–7
ht.fluid1.intDom((
Total
ht.dEi-
ht.fluid1.dEiInt W accumulated Global
ht.Qm*ht.Ei)*ht.fl
heat rate
uid1.varIntSpa)
Total
accumulated
ht.dEi 0 W/m³ Domains 1–2
heat rate
density
ht.fluid1.intDom((
Total
ht.dEi0-
ht.fluid1.dEi0Int W accumulated Global
ht.Qm*ht.H)*ht.fl
energy rate
uid1.varIntSpa)
Total
accumulated
ht.dEi0 0 W/m³ Domains 1–2
energy rate
density
ht.fluid1.intExtBn
d(ht.ntflux*ht.flui
ht.fluid1.ntfluxI Total net heat
d1.varIntSpa)+ht. W Global
nt rate
fluid1.intExtBndU
p(ht.ntflux_u*ht.fl

23
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
uid1.varIntSpa)+h
t.fluid1.intExtBnd
Down(ht.ntflux_d
*ht.fluid1.varIntSp
a)
ht.fluid1.intExtBn
d(ht.nteflux*ht.flu
id1.varIntSpa)+ht.
fluid1.intExtBndU
ht.fluid1.nteflux p(ht.nteflux_u*ht.f Total net
W Global
Int luid1.varIntSpa)+ energy rate
ht.fluid1.intExtBn
dDown(ht.nteflux
_d*ht.fluid1.varInt
Spa)
ht.fluid1.intDom(
ht.Qtot*ht.fluid1.v
arIntSpa)-
Total heat
ht.fluid1.QInt ht.fluid1.intIntBn W Global
source
d((ht.ndflux_u+ht.
ndflux_d)*ht.fluid
1.varIntSpa)
ht.fluid1.intDom(
ht.pA*(d(ht.ur,r)+i
f(abs(r)<0.001*h_
Total work
ht.fluid1.WnsInt spatial,d(ht.ur,r),h W Global
source
t.ur/r)+d(ht.uz,z))
*ht.fluid1.varIntSp
a)
Total work
ht.fluid1.WInt 0 W Global
source
ht.fluid1.varIntS Intermediate
2*ht.d*pi*r m Domains 1–2
pa variable
ht.fluid1.minput_t
ht.T K Temperature Domains 1–2
emperature
Pressure for
ht.fluid1.minput_
ht.prho Pa the evaluation Domains 1–2
pressure
of density
subst(material.rh
o,ht.fluid1.minput
_pressure,ht.prho,
ht.rho kg/m³ Density Domains 1–2 Meta
ht.fluid1.minput_t
emperature,ht.Tr
ho)

24
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
subst(material.rh
o,ht.fluid1.minput
_pressure,ht.pref, Reference
ht.rhoref kg/m³ Domains 1–2 Meta
ht.fluid1.minput_t density
emperature,ht.Tre
f)
Heat capacity
ht.Cpmat material.Cp J/(kg·K) at constant Domains 1–2 Meta
pressure
Thermal
ht.kmatrr material.k11 W/(m·K) conductivity, rr Domains 1–2 Meta
component
Thermal
conductivity,
ht.kmatphir material.k21 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2 Meta
phir
component
Thermal
ht.kmatzr material.k31 W/(m·K) conductivity, zr Domains 1–2 Meta
component
Thermal
conductivity,
ht.kmatrphi material.k12 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2 Meta
rphi
component
Thermal
conductivity,
ht.kmatphiphi material.k22 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2 Meta
phiphi
component
Thermal
conductivity,
ht.kmatzphi material.k32 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2 Meta
zphi
component
Thermal
ht.kmatrz material.k13 W/(m·K) conductivity, rz Domains 1–2 Meta
component
Thermal
conductivity,
ht.kmatphiz material.k23 W/(m·K) Domains 1–2 Meta
phiz
component
Thermal
ht.kmatzz material.k33 W/(m·K) conductivity, zz Domains 1–2 Meta
component
sqrt(ht.gamma/m
Speed of
ht.c_s ax(d(ht.rho,ht.flui m/s Domains 1–2
sound
d1.minput_pressu
25
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
re),eps))
sqrt(ht.fluid1.min
put_velocityr^2+
ht.fluid1.minput_
ht.Ma 1 Mach number Domains 1–2
velocityphi^2+ht.
fluid1.minput_vel
ocityz^2)/ht.c_s
Temperature
ht.fluid1.minput_t
ht.Trho K for density Domains 1–2
emperature
evaluation
ht.dfltopaque -1 1 Default opacity Domains 1–2
Temperature,
ht.timeDerivativ
0 K/s first time Domains 1–2
e
derivative
ht.helem h_spatial m Element size Domains 1–2

Shape functions

Name Shape function Unit Description Shape frame Selection

T Lagrange (Linear) K Temperature Spatial Domains 1–2

Weak expressions

Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection

2*ht.crosswind*pi*r 2 Spatial Domains 1–2
2*ht.streamline*pi*r 2 Spatial Domains 1–2
2*(ht.dfluxr*test(Tr)+ht.dfluxz*test
2 Spatial Domains 1–2
(Tz))*ht.d*pi*r
-
2*ht.rho*ht.Cp*(ht.ur*Tr+ht.uz*Tz) 2 Spatial Domains 1–2
*test(T)*ht.d*pi*r

26
Phase Change Material 1

Phase Change Material 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Domains 1–2

EQUATIONS

Phase change

SETTINGS
Description Value
Phase change temperature between phase 1 and phase 2 T_m
Transition interval between phase 1 and phase 2 dT
Latent heat from phase 1 to phase 2 dH

Phase 1

SETTINGS
Description Value
Material, phase 1 Aleación de metal sólido (mat1)
27
 Description Value
Thermal conductivity From material
Density From material
Heat capacity at constant pressure From material
Ratio of specific heats From material

Phase 2

SETTINGS
Description Value
Material, phase 2 aleación de metal líquido (mat2)
Thermal conductivity From material
Density From material
Heat capacity at constant pressure From material
Ratio of specific heats From material

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details

0.5*ht.L_pc12*((ht.
alpha12*ht.rho_p
hase2-(1-
ht.alpha12)*ht.rho
_phase1)/((1-
ht.alpha12)*ht.rho
Sensible Domains 1–
ht.DeltaH _phase1+ht.alpha J/kg + operation
enthalpy 2
12*ht.rho_phase2)
-
subst((ht.alpha12*
ht.rho_phase2-(1-
ht.alpha12)*ht.rho
_phase1)/((1-

28
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
ht.alpha12)*ht.rho
_phase1+ht.alpha
12*ht.rho_phase2)
,T,ht.Tref))
Domains 1–
ht.rho ht.rho_pc12 kg/m³ Density
2
Reference Domains 1–
ht.rhoref ht.rhoref_pc12 kg/m³
density 2
Heat capacity
ht.Cp_pc12+ht.Cp Domains 1–
ht.Cpmat J/(kg·K) at constant
_L12 2
pressure
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.kmatrr ht.k_pc12rr W/(m·K) conductivity, rr
2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kmatphir ht.k_pc12phir W/(m·K)
phir 2
component
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.kmatzr ht.k_pc12zr W/(m·K) conductivity, zr
2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kmatrphi ht.k_pc12rphi W/(m·K)
rphi 2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kmatphiphi ht.k_pc12phiphi W/(m·K)
phiphi 2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kmatzphi ht.k_pc12zphi W/(m·K)
zphi 2
component
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.kmatrz ht.k_pc12rz W/(m·K) conductivity, rz
2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kmatphiz ht.k_pc12phiz W/(m·K)
phiz 2
component
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.kmatzz ht.k_pc12zz W/(m·K) conductivity, zz
2
component

29
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Phase change
temperature Domains 1–
ht.T_pc12 T_m K
between phase 2
1 and phase 2
Transition
interval Domains 1–
ht.dT_pc12 dT K
between phase 2
1 and phase 2
Latent heat
Domains 1–
ht.L_pc12 dH J/kg from phase 1 to
2
phase 2
Thermal
material.k_phase1 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1rr W/(m·K) conductivity, rr Meta
11 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1phir W/(m·K) Meta
21 phir 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1zr W/(m·K) conductivity, zr Meta
31 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1rphi W/(m·K) Meta
12 rphi 2
component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1phi material.k_phase1 conductivity, Domains 1–
W/(m·K) Meta
phi 22 phiphi 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1zphi W/(m·K) Meta
32 zphi 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1rz W/(m·K) conductivity, rz Meta
13 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1phiz W/(m·K) Meta
23 phiz 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase1 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1zz W/(m·K) conductivity, zz Meta
33 2
component

30
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
Thermal
material.k_phase1 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase1_iso W/(m·K) conductivity, Meta
_iso 2
isotropic value
Thermal
material.k_phase2 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2rr W/(m·K) conductivity, rr Meta
11 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2phir W/(m·K) Meta
21 phir 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2zr W/(m·K) conductivity, zr Meta
31 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2rphi W/(m·K) Meta
12 rphi 2
component
Thermal
ht.k_phase2phi material.k_phase2 conductivity, Domains 1–
W/(m·K) Meta
phi 22 phiphi 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2zphi W/(m·K) Meta
32 zphi 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2rz W/(m·K) conductivity, rz Meta
13 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2phiz W/(m·K) Meta
23 phiz 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2zz W/(m·K) conductivity, zz Meta
33 2
component
Thermal
material.k_phase2 Domains 1–
ht.k_phase2_iso W/(m·K) conductivity, Meta
_iso 2
isotropic value
material.rho_phas Domains 1–
ht.rho_phase1 kg/m³ Density Meta
e1 2
material.rho_phas Domains 1–
ht.rho_phase2 kg/m³ Density Meta
e2 2
ht.Cp_phase1 material.Cp_phase J/(kg·K) Heat capacity Domains 1– Meta

31
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
1 at constant 2
pressure
Heat capacity
material.Cp_phase Domains 1–
ht.Cp_phase2 J/(kg·K) at constant Meta
2 2
pressure
ht.gamma_phas material.gamma_ Ratio of specific Domains 1–
1 Meta
e1 phase1 heats 2
ht.gamma_phas material.gamma_ Ratio of specific Domains 1–
1 Meta
e2 phase2 heats 2
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.krr ht.k_pc12rr W/(m·K) conductivity, rr
2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kphir ht.k_pc12phir W/(m·K)
phir 2
component
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.kzr ht.k_pc12zr W/(m·K) conductivity, zr
2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.krphi ht.k_pc12rphi W/(m·K)
rphi 2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kphiphi ht.k_pc12phiphi W/(m·K)
phiphi 2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kzphi ht.k_pc12zphi W/(m·K)
zphi 2
component
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.krz ht.k_pc12rz W/(m·K) conductivity, rz
2
component
Thermal
conductivity, Domains 1–
ht.kphiz ht.k_pc12phiz W/(m·K)
phiz 2
component
Thermal
Domains 1–
ht.kzz ht.k_pc12zz W/(m·K) conductivity, zz
2
component
ht.Cp_pc12+ht.Cp Heat capacity Domains 1–
ht.Cp J/(kg·K)
_L12 at constant 2

32
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
pressure
Intermediate Domains 1–
ht.dalpha ht.dalpha12 1/K + operation
variable 2
Ratio of specific Domains 1–
ht.gamma ht.gamma_pc12 1
heats 2
ht.fluid1.phc1.hea
Phase transition
viside((T- Domains 1–
ht.alpha12 1 between phase
ht.T_pc12)/ht.dT_ 2
1 and phase 2
pc12)
ht.fluid1.phc1.dhe Phase
aviside((T- distribution Domains 1–
ht.dalpha12 1/K
ht.T_pc12)/ht.dT_ between phase 2
pc12)/ht.dT_pc12 1 and phase 2
Phase indicator, Domains 1–
ht.theta1 1-ht.alpha12 1 * operation
phase 1 2
Phase indicator, Domains 1–
ht.theta2 ht.alpha12 1 * operation
phase 2 2
Thermal
ht.k_phase1rr*(1-
conductivity
ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12rr W/(m·K) between phase
phase2rr*ht.alpha 2
1 and phase 2,
12
rr component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1phir*(
conductivity
1-
between phase Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12phir ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ W/(m·K)
1 and phase 2, 2
phase2phir*ht.alp
phir
ha12
component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1zr*(1-
conductivity
ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12zr W/(m·K) between phase
phase2zr*ht.alpha 2
1 and phase 2,
12
zr component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1rphi*(
conductivity
1-
between phase Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12rphi ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ W/(m·K)
1 and phase 2, 2
phase2rphi*ht.alp
rphi
ha12
component
ht.k_phase1phiphi Thermal
*(1- conductivity
Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12phiphi ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ W/(m·K) between phase
2
phase2phiphi*ht.a 1 and phase 2,
lpha12 phiphi
33
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1zphi*(
conductivity
1-
between phase Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12zphi ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ W/(m·K)
1 and phase 2, 2
phase2zphi*ht.alp
zphi
ha12
component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1rz*(1-
conductivity
ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12rz W/(m·K) between phase
phase2rz*ht.alpha 2
1 and phase 2,
12
rz component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1phiz*(
conductivity
1-
between phase Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12phiz ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ W/(m·K)
1 and phase 2, 2
phase2phiz*ht.alp
phiz
ha12
component
Thermal
ht.k_phase1zz*(1-
conductivity
ht.alpha12)+ht.k_ Domains 1–
ht.k_pc12zz W/(m·K) between phase
phase2zz*ht.alpha 2
1 and phase 2,
12
zz component
Effective heat
ht.rho_phase1*ht.
capacity at
Cp_phase1*(1-
constant Domains 1–
ht.C_eff_pc12 ht.alpha12)+ht.rh J/(m³·K)
pressure 2
o_phase2*ht.Cp_p
between phase
hase2*ht.alpha12
1 and phase 2
Heat capacity
at constant
ht.C_eff_pc12/ht.r Domains 1–
ht.Cp_pc12 J/(kg·K) pressure
ho_pc12 2
between phase
1 and phase 2
0.5*ht.L_pc12*d((h
t.alpha12*ht.rho_
phase2-(1-
Latent heat
ht.alpha12)*ht.rho
distribution Domains 1–
ht.Cp_L12 _phase1)/((1- J/(kg·K)
from phase 1 to 2
ht.alpha12)*ht.rho
phase 2
_phase1+ht.alpha
12*ht.rho_phase2)
,T)
subst(ht.Cp_pc12, Specific heat Domains 1–
ht.CpInt J/(kg·K)
root.comp1.ht.flui capacity for 2
34
Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
d1.phc1.minput_p integration
ressure,ht.pA)
ht.C_eff_pc12/((1-
ht.alpha12)*ht.Cp
_phase1*ht.rho_p Ratio of specific
hase1/ht.gamma_ heats between Domains 1–
ht.gamma_pc12 1
phase1+ht.alpha1 phase 1 and 2
2*ht.Cp_phase2*h phase 2
t.rho_phase2/ht.g
amma_phase2)
ht.rho_phase1*(1-
Density
ht.alpha12)+ht.rh Domains 1–
ht.rho_pc12 kg/m³ between phase
o_phase2*ht.alph 2
1 and phase 2
a12
subst(material.rho
_phase1,root.com
p1.ht.fluid1.phc1.
minput_pressure,
ht.pref,root.comp
1.ht.fluid1.phc1.m
input_temperatur
e,ht.Tref)*(1- Density
Domains 1–
ht.rhoref_pc12 ht.alpha12)+subst kg/m³ between phase Meta
2
(material.rho_pha 1 and phase 2
se2,root.comp1.ht
.fluid1.phc1.minp
ut_pressure,ht.pre
f,root.comp1.ht.fl
uid1.phc1.minput
_temperature,ht.T
ref)*ht.alpha12

35
2.4.4 Initial Values 1

Initial Values 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Domains 1–2

Initial values

SETTINGS
Description Value
Temperature User defined
Temperature T_in

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic

36
 Property Material Property group
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection

ht.Tinit T_in K Temperature Domains 1–2

2.4.5 Axial Symmetry 1

Axial Symmetry 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Boundaries 1, 3

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
37
 Property Material Property group
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

2.4.6 Thermal Insulation 1

Thermal Insulation 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection No boundaries

EQUATIONS

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

38
Shape functions

Shape Shape
Name Unit Description Selection Details
function frame
Lagrange
T K Temperature Spatial No boundaries Slit
(Linear)
Lagrange
T K Temperature Material No boundaries Slit
(Linear)
Lagrange
T K Temperature Geometry No boundaries Slit
(Linear)
Lagrange
T K Temperature Mesh No boundaries Slit
(Linear)

2.4.7 Inflow 1

Inflow 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Boundary 5

EQUATIONS

Upstream properties

SETTINGS
Description Value
39
 Description Value
Upstream temperature User defined
Upstream temperature T_in
Upstream absolute pressure User defined
Upstream absolute pressure 1[atm]

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection

Upstream
ht.ifl1.Tustr T_in K Boundary 5
temperature
Upstream
ht.ifl1.pustr 1[atm] Pa absolute Boundary 5
pressure
nojac(ht.ifl1.intBnd(ht.ifl1.varInt
Spa*ht.rho*ht.Cp*T*max(abs(ht.
ur*ht.nr+ht.uphi*ht.nphi+ht.uz Weighted
ht.ifl1.Tave *ht.nz),eps)))/nojac(ht.ifl1.intBn K average Global
d(ht.ifl1.varIntSpa*ht.rho*ht.Cp temperature
*max(abs(ht.ur*ht.nr+ht.uphi*h
t.nphi+ht.uz*ht.nz),eps)))
ht.ifl1.intExtBnd(ht.ntflux*ht.ifl1 Total net heat
ht.ifl1.ntfluxInt W Global
.varIntSpa) rate
ht.ifl1.intExtBnd(ht.nteflux*ht.ifl Total net
ht.ifl1.ntefluxInt W Global
1.varIntSpa) energy rate
ht.ifl1.intIntBnd(ht.ntflux_u*ht.if Total net heat
ht.ifl1.ntfluxInt_u W Global
l1.varIntSpa) rate, upside
Total net
ht.ifl1.intIntBnd(ht.nteflux_u*ht.
ht.ifl1.ntefluxInt_u W energy rate, Global
ifl1.varIntSpa)
upside
ht.ifl1.ntfluxInt_d ht.ifl1.intIntBnd(ht.ntflux_d*ht.if W Total net heat Global

40
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection
l1.varIntSpa) rate, downside
Total net
ht.ifl1.intIntBnd(ht.nteflux_d*ht.
ht.ifl1.ntefluxInt_d W energy rate, Global
ifl1.varIntSpa)
downside
Intermediate
ht.ifl1.varIntSpa 2*ht.d*pi*r m Boundary 5
variable

Weak expressions

Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection

2*ht.rho*subst2(ht.DeltaH,ht.pref,ht
.ifl1.pustr,ht.Tref,ht.ifl1.Tustr)*ht.d*(
nojac(ht.ur)*ht.nrmesh+nojac(ht.up 2 Spatial Boundary 5
hi)*ht.nphimesh+nojac(ht.uz)*ht.nz
mesh)*test(T)*pi*r

2.4.8 Heat Flux 1

Heat Flux 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Boundary 7

EQUATIONS

41
Heat flux

SETTINGS
Description Value
Heat flux Convective heat flux
Heat transfer coefficient User defined
Heat transfer coefficient h_mold
External temperature User defined
External temperature T0

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details

Inward heat
ht.q0 ht.hf1.q0 W/m² Boundary 7 + operation
flux
Heat transfer
ht.hf1.h h_mold W/(m²·K) Boundary 7
coefficient
External
ht.hf1.Text T0 K Boundary 7
temperature
Boundary
ht.hf1.h*(ht.hf1.Te
ht.hf1.q0 W/m² convective Boundary 7 + operation
xt-ht.hf1.Tvar)
heat flux
ht.hf1.Tvar ht.Tu K Temperature Boundary 7
nojac(ht.hf1.intBn
d(ht.hf1.varIntSpa Weighted
ht.hf1.Tave *ht.rho*ht.Cp*T* K average Global
max(abs(ht.ur*ht. temperature
nr+ht.uphi*ht.np

42
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
hi+ht.uz*ht.nz),ep
s)))/nojac(ht.hf1.i
ntBnd(ht.hf1.varI
ntSpa*ht.rho*ht.C
p*max(abs(ht.ur*
ht.nr+ht.uphi*ht.
nphi+ht.uz*ht.nz)
,eps)))
ht.hf1.intExtBnd(h
Total net heat
ht.hf1.ntfluxInt t.ntflux*ht.hf1.varI W Global
rate
ntSpa)
ht.hf1.intExtBnd(h
ht.hf1.ntefluxIn Total net
t.nteflux*ht.hf1.va W Global
t energy rate
rIntSpa)
ht.hf1.intIntBnd(h
ht.hf1.ntfluxInt Total net heat
t.ntflux_u*ht.hf1.v W Global
_u rate, upside
arIntSpa)
ht.hf1.intIntBnd(h Total net
ht.hf1.ntefluxIn
t.nteflux_u*ht.hf1. W energy rate, Global
t_u
varIntSpa) upside
ht.hf1.intIntBnd(h
ht.hf1.ntfluxInt Total net heat
t.ntflux_d*ht.hf1.v W Global
_d rate, downside
arIntSpa)
ht.hf1.intIntBnd(h Total net
ht.hf1.ntefluxIn
t.nteflux_d*ht.hf1. W energy rate, Global
t_d
varIntSpa) downside
ht.hf1.varIntSp Intermediate
2*ht.d*pi*r m Boundary 7
a variable

Weak expressions

Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection

2*ht.hf1.q0*test(ht.hf1.Tvar)*ht.d*pi
2 Spatial Boundary 7
*r

43
2.4.9 Heat Flux 2

Heat Flux 2

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Boundary 6

EQUATIONS

Heat flux

SETTINGS
Description Value
Heat flux Convective heat flux
Heat transfer coefficient User defined
Heat transfer coefficient h_spray
External temperature User defined
External temperature T0

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic

44
 Property Material Property group
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details

Inward heat
ht.q0 ht.hf2.q0 W/m² Boundary 6 + operation
flux
Heat transfer
ht.hf2.h h_spray W/(m²·K) Boundary 6
coefficient
External
ht.hf2.Text T0 K Boundary 6
temperature
Boundary
ht.hf2.h*(ht.hf2.Te
ht.hf2.q0 W/m² convective Boundary 6 + operation
xt-ht.hf2.Tvar)
heat flux
ht.hf2.Tvar ht.Tu K Temperature Boundary 6
nojac(ht.hf2.intBn
d(ht.hf2.varIntSpa
*ht.rho*ht.Cp*T*
max(abs(ht.ur*ht.
nr+ht.uphi*ht.np
hi+ht.uz*ht.nz),ep Weighted
ht.hf2.Tave s)))/nojac(ht.hf2.i K average Global
ntBnd(ht.hf2.varI temperature
ntSpa*ht.rho*ht.C
p*max(abs(ht.ur*
ht.nr+ht.uphi*ht.
nphi+ht.uz*ht.nz)
,eps)))
ht.hf2.intExtBnd(h
Total net heat
ht.hf2.ntfluxInt t.ntflux*ht.hf2.varI W Global
rate
ntSpa)
ht.hf2.intExtBnd(h
ht.hf2.ntefluxIn Total net
t.nteflux*ht.hf2.va W Global
t energy rate
rIntSpa)
ht.hf2.intIntBnd(h
ht.hf2.ntfluxInt Total net heat
t.ntflux_u*ht.hf2.v W Global
_u rate, upside
arIntSpa)
45
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
ht.hf2.intIntBnd(h Total net
ht.hf2.ntefluxIn
t.nteflux_u*ht.hf2. W energy rate, Global
t_u
varIntSpa) upside
ht.hf2.intIntBnd(h
ht.hf2.ntfluxInt Total net heat
t.ntflux_d*ht.hf2.v W Global
_d rate, downside
arIntSpa)
ht.hf2.intIntBnd(h Total net
ht.hf2.ntefluxIn
t.nteflux_d*ht.hf2. W energy rate, Global
t_d
varIntSpa) downside
ht.hf2.varIntSp Intermediate
2*ht.d*pi*r m Boundary 6
a variable

Weak expressions

Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection

2*ht.hf2.q0*test(ht.hf2.Tvar)*ht.d*pi
2 Spatial Boundary 6
*r

2.4.10 Surface-to-Ambient Radiation 1

Surface-to-Ambient Radiation 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Boundary 6

EQUATIONS

46
Surface-to-ambient radiation

SETTINGS
Description Value
Surface emissivity User defined
Surface emissivity eps_s
Ambient temperature User defined
Ambient temperature T0

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details

Radiative heat
ht.rflux ht.sar1.rflux W/m² Boundary 6 + operation
flux
Surface
ht.epsilon_rad eps_s 1 Boundary 6
emissivity
Ambient
ht.Tamb T0 K Boundary 6
temperature
ht.epsilon_rad*sigma
Radiative heat
ht.sar1.rflux _const*(ht.Tamb^4- W/m² Boundary 6
flux
ht.sar1.Tvar^4)
ht.sar1.Tvar ht.Tu K Temperature Boundary 6
nojac(ht.sar1.intBnd(
ht.sar1.varIntSpa*ht.r
ho*ht.Cp*T*max(abs( Weighted
ht.sar1.Tave ht.ur*ht.nr+ht.uphi*h K average Global
t.nphi+ht.uz*ht.nz),e temperature
ps)))/nojac(ht.sar1.int
Bnd(ht.sar1.varIntSpa
47
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection Details
*ht.rho*ht.Cp*max(a
bs(ht.ur*ht.nr+ht.uph
i*ht.nphi+ht.uz*ht.nz)
,eps)))
ht.sar1.intExtBnd(ht.n
Total net heat
ht.sar1.ntfluxInt tflux*ht.sar1.varIntSp W Global
rate
a)
ht.sar1.intExtBnd(ht.n
ht.sar1.ntefluxIn Total net
teflux*ht.sar1.varIntS W Global
t energy rate
pa)
ht.sar1.intIntBnd(ht.n
ht.sar1.ntfluxInt Total net heat
tflux_u*ht.sar1.varInt W Global
_u rate, upside
Spa)
ht.sar1.intIntBnd(ht.n Total net
ht.sar1.ntefluxIn
teflux_u*ht.sar1.varIn W energy rate, Global
t_u
tSpa) upside
ht.sar1.intIntBnd(ht.n
ht.sar1.ntfluxInt Total net heat
tflux_d*ht.sar1.varInt W Global
_d rate, downside
Spa)
ht.sar1.intIntBnd(ht.n Total net
ht.sar1.ntefluxIn
teflux_d*ht.sar1.varIn W energy rate, Global
t_d
tSpa) downside
ht.sar1.varIntSp Intermediate
2*ht.d*pi*r m Boundary 6
a variable

Weak expressions

Weak expression Integration order Integration frame Selection

2*ht.sar1.rflux*test(ht.sar1.Tvar)*ht.
2 Spatial Boundary 6
d*pi*r

48
2.4.11 Outflow 1

Outflow 1

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Boundary
Selection Boundary 2

EQUATIONS

USED PRODUCTS
COMSOL Multiphysics

PROPERTIES FROM MATERIAL

Property Material Property group
Thermal conductivity Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Density Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Ratio of specific heats Aleación de metal sólido Basic
Thermal conductivity aleación de metal líquido Basic
Density aleación de metal líquido Basic
Heat capacity at constant pressure aleación de metal líquido Basic
Ratio of specific heats aleación de metal líquido Basic

Variables

Name Expression Unit Description Selection

49
 Name Expression Unit Description Selection
nojac(ht.ofl1.intBnd(ht.ofl1.varI
ntSpa*ht.rho*ht.Cp*T*max(abs(
ht.ur*ht.nr+ht.uphi*ht.nphi+ht. Weighted
ht.ofl1.Tave uz*ht.nz),eps)))/nojac(ht.ofl1.int K average Global
Bnd(ht.ofl1.varIntSpa*ht.rho*ht. temperature
Cp*max(abs(ht.ur*ht.nr+ht.uphi
*ht.nphi+ht.uz*ht.nz),eps)))
ht.ofl1.intExtBnd(ht.ntflux*ht.ofl Total net heat
ht.ofl1.ntfluxInt W Global
1.varIntSpa) rate
ht.ofl1.intExtBnd(ht.nteflux*ht.o Total net
ht.ofl1.ntefluxInt W Global
fl1.varIntSpa) energy rate
ht.ofl1.intIntBnd(ht.ntflux_u*ht. Total net heat
ht.ofl1.ntfluxInt_u W Global
ofl1.varIntSpa) rate, upside
Total net
ht.ofl1.intIntBnd(ht.nteflux_u*ht
ht.ofl1.ntefluxInt_u W energy rate, Global
.ofl1.varIntSpa)
upside
ht.ofl1.intIntBnd(ht.ntflux_d*ht. Total net heat
ht.ofl1.ntfluxInt_d W Global
ofl1.varIntSpa) rate, downside
Total net
ht.ofl1.intIntBnd(ht.nteflux_d*ht
ht.ofl1.ntefluxInt_d W energy rate, Global
.ofl1.varIntSpa)
downside
Intermediate
ht.ofl1.varIntSpa 2*ht.d*pi*r m Boundary 2
variable

2.5 MESHES

2.5.1 Mesh 1
MESH STATISTICS
Description Value
Minimum element quality 0.7626
Average element quality 0.9881
Triangle 3244
Edge element 239
Vertex element 6

50
 Mesh 1

Size (size)

SETTINGS
Description Value
Maximum element size 0.008
Minimum element size 1.6E-5
Curvature factor 0.2
Predefined size Extremely fine

Free Triangular 1 (ftri1)

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Remaining

51
 Free Triangular 1

2.5.2 Level 1 Adapted Mesh 1

MESH STATISTICS
Description Value
Minimum element quality 0.7202
Average element quality 0.9603
Triangle 5925
Edge element 264
Vertex element 6

Level 1 Adapted Mesh 1

52
Size (size)

SETTINGS
Description Value
Maximum element size 0.0536
Minimum element size 2.4E-4
Curvature factor 0.3
Maximum element growth rate 1.3

Size Expression 1 (se1)

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1

Size Expression 1

SETTINGS
Description Value
Evaluate on Solution
Solution Level 0 Refined Solution 4
Error orders 4

SETTINGS
Error expression Active
comp1.err.T On

53
Reference 1 (rf1)

SETTINGS
Description Value
Mesh Mesh 1

Scale 1 (sca1)

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1

Scale 1

SETTINGS
Description Value
Element size scale 3

2.5.3 Level 2 Adapted Mesh 2

MESH STATISTICS
Description Value
Minimum element quality 0.7282
Average element quality 0.9667
Triangle 10377
Edge element 358
Vertex element 6

54
 Level 2 Adapted Mesh 2

Size (size)

SETTINGS
Description Value
Maximum element size 0.0536
Minimum element size 2.4E-4
Curvature factor 0.3
Maximum element growth rate 1.3

Size Expression 1 (se1)

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1

55
 Size Expression 1

SETTINGS
Description Value
Evaluate on Solution
Solution Level 1 Refined Solution 5
Error orders 4

SETTINGS
Error expression Active
comp1.err.T On

Reference 1 (rf1)

SETTINGS
Description Value
Mesh Mesh 1

Scale 1 (sca1)

SELECTION
Geometric entity level Domain
Selection Geometry geom1

56
Scale 1

SETTINGS
Description Value
Element size scale 3

57
3 Study 1
COMPUTATION INFORMATION
Computation time 6s
CPU Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 13, 8 cores
Operating system Windows 10

3.1 STATIONARY
STUDY SETTINGS
Description Value
Include geometric nonlinearity Off

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
mesh1 mesh1

ADAPTATION AND ERROR ESTIMATES

Description Value
Adaptation and error estimates Adaptation and error estimates
Adaptation in geometry Geometry 1
Error estimate L2 norm of error squared
Adaptation method Rebuild mesh

PHYSICS AND VARIABLES SELECTION

Physics interface Discretization
Heat Transfer in Fluids (ht) physics

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
Geometry 1 (geom1) mesh1

3.1.1 Study extensions

STUDY EXTENSIONS
Description Value
Sweep type Specified combinations

PARAMETERS
Parameter name Parameter value list Parameter unit
dT (Temperature transition zone half width) 300 200 150 100 75 K

58
3.2 SOLVER CONFIGURATIONS

3.2.1 Solution 1

Compile Equations: Stationary (st1)

STUDY AND STEP

Description Value
Use study Study 1
Use study step Stationary

LOG
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) ---------------
Started at Dec 12, 2019 12:52:23 PM.
Geometry shape order: Linear
Running on Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 13, GenuineIntel.
Using 1 socket with 8 cores in total on M312-17.
Available memory: 16.20 GB.
Time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.5 GB
Virtual memory: 1.68 GB
Ended at Dec 12, 2019 12:52:23 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) -------------->

Dependent Variables 1 (v1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

INITIAL VALUE CALCULATION CONSTANTS

Constant name Initial value source
dT 300[K] 200[K] 150[K] 100[K] 75[K]

LOG
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) -----------------------
Started at Dec 12, 2019 12:52:23 PM.
Solution time: 0 s.
Physical memory: 1.5 GB
Virtual memory: 1.68 GB
Ended at Dec 12, 2019 12:52:23 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) ---------------------->

Temperature (comp1.T) (comp1_T)

GENERAL
Description Value
Field components comp1.T

59
Stationary Solver 1 (s1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

RESULTS WHILE SOLVING

Description Value
Probes None

LOG

60
<---- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) -------------------------
Started at Dec 12, 2019 12:52:23 PM.
Geometry shape order: Linear
Adaptive solver
Mesh refinement level 0.
Continuation solver
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 1736 (plus 6750 internal DOFs).

Continuation parameter dT = 300.

Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Temperature (comp1.T): 1.5e+03
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.16 0.0100000 0.17 2 1 2 1.2e-15 8.5e-15
2 0.14 0.1000000 0.16 3 2 4 1.2e-15 8.7e-15
3 0.03 0.5797223 0.11 4 3 6 7.8e-16 7.4e-15
4 0.0051 1.0000000 0.026 5 4 8 5.6e-16 1.6e-14
5 0.0021 1.0000000 0.01 6 5 10 5.3e-16 1.9e-14
6 0.00018 1.0000000 0.0034 7 6 12 1.2e-15 1.2e-14

Continuation parameter dT = 200.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.00027 1.0000000 0.0052 11 7 15 9.5e-16 2.3e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 150.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 1.1e-05 1.0000000 0.00072 15 8 18 8.3e-16 5.1e-16

Continuation parameter dT = 100.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 1.7e-05 1.0000000 0.00082 19 9 21 8.2e-16 2.2e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 75.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 4.3e-06 1.0000000 0.00032 23 10 24 9.3e-16 5e-16
Number of vertex elements: 6
Number of boundary elements: 264
Number of elements: 5925
Minimum element quality: 0.5699
Geometry shape order: Linear
Global error indicator using 3244 elements: 8064.0771158988755.
Mesh refinement level 1.
Continuation solver
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 3085 (plus 12145 internal DOFs).

Continuation parameter dT = 300.

Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Temperature (comp1.T): 1.5e+03
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.00018 0.0100000 0.00018 2 1 2 4.8e-15 3.5e-16
2 0.00016 0.1000000 0.00018 3 2 4 5.2e-15 3.3e-16
61
 3 2.7e-06 1.0000000 0.00016 4 3 6 1.3e-15 5e-16

Continuation parameter dT = 200.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.0003 1.0000000 0.005 8 4 9 3.8e-15 3.9e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 150.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 1.3e-05 1.0000000 0.00068 12 5 12 9.8e-16 1.4e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 100.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 1.3e-05 1.0000000 0.00067 16 6 15 2.7e-15 1.7e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 75.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 4.5e-06 1.0000000 0.00025 20 7 18 3.9e-16 3.5e-16
Number of vertex elements: 6
Number of boundary elements: 358
Number of elements: 10377
Minimum element quality: 0.5504
Geometry shape order: Linear
Global error indicator using 5925 elements: 634.0395268179905.
Mesh refinement level 2.
Continuation solver
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 5355 (plus 21149 internal DOFs).

Continuation parameter dT = 300.

Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Temperature (comp1.T): 1.5e+03
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 5.5e-05 0.0100000 5.5e-05 2 1 2 1.4e-14 3.4e-16
2 4.9e-05 0.1000000 5.5e-05 3 2 4 1.5e-15 3.7e-16
3 9.3e-08 1.0000000 4.9e-05 4 3 6 5e-16 3.1e-16

Continuation parameter dT = 200.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.00029 1.0000000 0.0049 8 4 9 3.1e-15 6.4e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 150.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 1.3e-05 1.0000000 0.00067 12 5 12 1.1e-15 2.7e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 100.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 1.4e-05 1.0000000 0.00067 16 6 15 1.1e-15 3.8e-15

Continuation parameter dT = 75.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 3.7e-06 1.0000000 0.00025 20 7 18 1.2e-15 5.2e-16
Geometry shape order: Linear
Global error indicator using 10377 elements: 171.94190401161515.
Maximum number of refinements reached.
62
 Solution time: 5 s.
Physical memory: 1.63 GB
Virtual memory: 1.8 GB
Ended at Dec 12, 2019 12:52:29 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 1/Solution 1 (sol1) ------------------------>

Adaptive Mesh Refinement (adDef)

OUTPUT
Description Value
Level Solution Mesh 0 sol4
Adaptation solutions and meshes mesh1 1 sol5 adaptmesh1 2 sol6
adaptmesh2

Parametric 1 (p1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

PARAMETERS
Parameter name Parameter value list Parameter unit
dT 300 200 150 100 75 K

LEAST-SQUARES DATA
Description Value
Use least-squares parameters from file Off

Fully Coupled 1 (fc1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Linear solver PARDISO (ht)

METHOD AND TERMINATION

Description Value
Initial damping factor 0.01
Minimum damping factor 1.0E-6
Maximum number of iterations 50
Termination criterion Solution

PARDISO (ht) (d1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Solver PARDISO
63
 Description Value
Pivoting perturbation 1.0E-13

3.2.2 Adaptive Mesh Refinement Solutions 1

Level 0 Refined Solution 4 (su1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Solution Level 0 Refined Solution 4

Level 1 Refined Solution 5 (su2)

GENERAL
Description Value
Solution Level 1 Refined Solution 5

Level 2 Refined Solution 6 (su3)

GENERAL
Description Value
Solution Level 2 Refined Solution 6

64
4 Study 2
COMPUTATION INFORMATION
Computation time
CPU Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 13, 8 cores
Operating system Windows 10

4.1 STATIONARY
STUDY SETTINGS
Description Value
Include geometric nonlinearity Off

VALUES OF DEPENDENT VARIABLES

Description Value
Settings User controlled
Method Solution
Study Study 1

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
mesh1 mesh1

PHYSICS AND VARIABLES SELECTION

Physics interface Discretization
Heat Transfer in Fluids (ht) physics

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
Geometry 1 (geom1) mesh1

4.1.1 Study extensions

STUDY EXTENSIONS
Description Value
Sweep type Specified combinations

PARAMETERS
Parameter name Parameter value list Parameter unit
dT (Temperature transition zone half width) 50 25 K

65
4.2 SOLVER CONFIGURATIONS

4.2.1 Solution 2

Compile Equations: Stationary (st1)

STUDY AND STEP

Description Value
Use study Study 2
Use study step Stationary

LOG
<---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 2/Solution 2 (sol2) ---------------
Started at Dec 12, 2019 12:39:09 PM.
Geometry shape order: Linear
Running on Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 13, GenuineIntel.
Using 1 socket with 8 cores in total on M312-17.
Available memory: 16.20 GB.
Time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.1 GB
Virtual memory: 1.23 GB
Ended at Dec 12, 2019 12:39:10 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 2/Solution 2 (sol2) -------------->

Dependent Variables 1 (v1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

INITIAL VALUES OF VARIABLES SOLVED FOR

Description Value
Method Solution
Solution Solution 1

INITIAL VALUE CALCULATION CONSTANTS

Constant name Initial value source
dT 50[K] 25[K]

LOG

66
 <---- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 2/Solution 2 (sol2) -----------------------
Started at Dec 12, 2019 12:39:10 PM.
Initial values of variables solved for: Solution 1 (sol1).
Solution time: 0 s.
Physical memory: 1.1 GB
Virtual memory: 1.23 GB
Ended at Dec 12, 2019 12:39:10 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 2/Solution 2 (sol2) ---------------------->

Temperature (comp1.T) (comp1_T)

GENERAL
Description Value
Field components comp1.T

Stationary Solver 1 (s1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary
Relative tolerance 1e-5

RESULTS WHILE SOLVING

Description Value
Probes None

LOG

67
 <---- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 2/Solution 2 (sol2) -------------------------
Started at Dec 12, 2019 12:39:10 PM.
Continuation solver
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 1736 (plus 260 internal DOFs).

Continuation parameter dT = 50.

Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Temperature (comp1.T): 1.5e+03
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.00028 0.0100000 0.00028 2 1 2 8e-16 2.2e-16
2 0.00025 0.1000000 0.00028 3 2 4 1.5e-15 1.6e-16
3 4e-05 1.0000000 0.00024 4 3 6 5.7e-16 1.3e-16
4 1.8e-06 1.0000000 3.2e-05 5 4 8 9.8e-16 3.1e-16

Continuation parameter dT = 25.

Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.00024 1.0000000 0.00065 9 5 11 1.1e-15 5.1e-16
2 1.5e-05 1.0000000 0.00014 10 6 13 1.2e-15 3.4e-16
3 1.6e-06 1.0000000 1.6e-05 11 7 15 1.5e-15 2.4e-16
Solution time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.18 GB
Virtual memory: 1.34 GB
Ended at Dec 12, 2019 12:39:11 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 2/Solution 2 (sol2) ------------------------>

Parametric 1 (p1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

PARAMETERS
Parameter name Parameter value list Parameter unit
dT 50 25 K

Fully Coupled 1 (fc1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Linear solver PARDISO (ht)

METHOD AND TERMINATION

Description Value
Initial damping factor 0.01
Minimum damping factor 1.0E-6
Maximum number of iterations 50

68
 Description Value
Termination criterion Solution

PARDISO (ht) (d1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Solver PARDISO
Pivoting perturbation 1.0E-13

69
5 Study 3
COMPUTATION INFORMATION
Computation time 4s
CPU Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 13, 8 cores
Operating system Windows 10

5.1 STATIONARY
STUDY SETTINGS
Description Value
Include geometric nonlinearity Off

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
adaptmesh2 adaptmesh2

PHYSICS AND VARIABLES SELECTION

Physics interface Discretization
Heat Transfer in Fluids (ht) physics

MESH SELECTION
Geometry Mesh
Geometry 1 (geom1) adaptmesh2

5.2 SOLVER CONFIGURATIONS

5.2.1 Solution 7

Compile Equations: Stationary (st1)

STUDY AND STEP

Description Value
Use study Study 3
Use study step Stationary

LOG

70
 <---- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 3/Solution 7 (sol7) ---------------
Started at Dec 17, 2019 4:38:03 PM.
Geometry shape order: Linear
Running on Intel64 Family 6 Model 158 Stepping 13, GenuineIntel.
Using 1 socket with 8 cores in total on M312-08.
Available memory: 16.20 GB.
Time: 1 s.
Physical memory: 1.34 GB
Virtual memory: 1.55 GB
Ended at Dec 17, 2019 4:38:04 PM.
----- Compile Equations: Stationary in Study 3/Solution 7 (sol7) -------------->

Dependent Variables 1 (v1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

LOG
<---- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 3/Solution 7 (sol7) -----------------------
Started at Dec 17, 2019 4:38:04 PM.
Solution time: 0 s.
Physical memory: 1.34 GB
Virtual memory: 1.55 GB
Ended at Dec 17, 2019 4:38:04 PM.
----- Dependent Variables 1 in Study 3/Solution 7 (sol7) ---------------------->

Temperature (comp1.T) (comp1_T)

GENERAL
Description Value
Field components comp1.T

Stationary Solver 1 (s1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Defined by study step Stationary

LOG

71
 <---- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 3/Solution 7 (sol7) -------------------------
Started at Dec 17, 2019 4:38:04 PM.
Nonlinear solver
Number of degrees of freedom solved for: 5355 (plus 393 internal DOFs).
Nonsymmetric matrix found.
Scales for dependent variables:
Temperature (comp1.T): 1.5e+03
Orthonormal null-space function used.
Iter SolEst Damping Stepsize #Res #Jac #Sol LinErr LinRes
1 0.2 0.0100000 0.21 2 1 2 2.1e-15 2.6e-14
2 0.19 0.1000000 0.21 3 2 4 5.9e-15 2.6e-14
3 0.15 1.0000000 0.25 4 3 6 8.9e-15 1.9e-14
4 0.091 0.4313515 0.18 6 4 9 7.2e-15 1.3e-14
5 0.057 0.3120646 0.083 8 5 12 6.5e-15 5.2e-15
6 0.039 0.3402428 0.057 10 6 15 3.4e-15 4.5e-15
7 0.022 0.4693926 0.037 12 7 18 2.3e-15 3.7e-15
8 0.033 0.0096160 0.033 16 8 23 2.3e-15 4.9e-15
9 0.015 0.0241171 0.016 17 9 25 3.2e-15 2.6e-15
10 0.032 0.0067092 0.032 18 10 27 8.3e-15 4.7e-15
11 0.035 0.0114925 0.035 20 11 30 6.7e-15 5.2e-15
12 0.016 0.0333272 0.017 21 12 32 5.3e-15 2.8e-15
13 0.018 0.0039050 0.018 23 13 35 1.6e-14 3.3e-15
14 0.02 0.0032238 0.02 24 14 37 6.1e-15 3.4e-15
15 0.02 0.0322385 0.02 25 15 39 1.8e-15 3.2e-15
16 0.016 0.2322403 0.021 26 16 41 9.1e-16 3.2e-15
17 0.0088 0.7656997 0.017 27 17 43 1.6e-15 2.4e-15
18 0.0058 0.2771609 0.0084 29 18 46 7.3e-16 1.1e-15
19 0.0063 0.0334976 0.007 31 19 49 9.4e-16 2.6e-15
20 0.0047 0.0527527 0.005 32 20 51 1.1e-15 1.1e-15
21 0.0018 0.5275268 0.0047 33 21 53 4.7e-15 7e-16
22 0.00057 1.0000000 0.0014 34 22 55 1.6e-15 2.6e-16
Solution time: 3 s.
Physical memory: 1.4 GB
Virtual memory: 1.6 GB
Ended at Dec 17, 2019 4:38:07 PM.
----- Stationary Solver 1 in Study 3/Solution 7 (sol7) ------------------------>

Fully Coupled 1 (fc1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Linear solver PARDISO (ht)

METHOD AND TERMINATION

Description Value
Initial damping factor 0.01
Minimum damping factor 1.0E-6
Maximum number of iterations 50
Termination criterion Solution

72
PARDISO (ht) (d1)

GENERAL
Description Value
Solver PARDISO
Pivoting perturbation 1.0E-13

73
6 Results

6.1 DATA SETS

6.1.1 Study 1/Solution 1

SOLUTION
Description Value
Solution Solution 1
Component Save Point Geometry 1

Data set: Study 1/Solution 1

6.1.2 Revolution 2D
DATA
Description Value
Data set Study 1/Solution 1

AXIS DATA
Description Value
Axis entry method Two points
Points {{0, 0}, {0, 1}}

REVOLUTION LAYERS
Description Value
Start angle -90

74
 Description Value
Revolution angle 225

Data set: Revolution 2D

6.1.3 Cut Line 3D 1

DATA
Description Value
Data set Revolution 2D

LINE DATA
Description Value
Line entry method Two points
Points {{0, 0, 0}, {0.1, 0, 0}}
Additional parallel lines On
Distances {0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8}
Orthogonal vector {0, 0, 0.1}

ADVANCED
Description Value
Space variable cln1x

75
 Data set: Cut Line 3D 1

6.1.4 Cut Line 2D 2

DATA
Description Value
Data set Study 1/Solution 1

LINE DATA
Description Value
Line entry method Two points
Points {{0.1, 0}, {0.1, 0.8}}
Additional parallel lines On
Distances {0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0.08, 0.1}

ADVANCED
Description Value
Space variable cln2x
Normal variables {cln2nx, cln2ny}

76
 Data set: Cut Line 2D 2

6.1.5 Study 2/Solution 2

SOLUTION
Description Value
Solution Solution 2
Component Save Point Geometry 1

Data set: Study 2/Solution 2

6.1.6 Study 1/Adaptive Mesh Refinement Solutions 1

SOLUTION
77
 Description Value
Solution Adaptive Mesh Refinement Solutions 1
Component Save Point Geometry 1

Data set: Study 1/Adaptive Mesh Refinement Solutions 1

6.1.7 Study 3/Solution 7

SOLUTION
Description Value
Solution Solution 7
Component Save Point Geometry 1

78
 Data set: Study 3/Solution 7

6.1.8 Revolution 2D 1
DATA
Description Value
Data set Study 3/Solution 7

AXIS DATA
Description Value
Axis entry method Two points
Points {{0, 0}, {0, 1}}

REVOLUTION LAYERS
Description Value
Start angle -90
Revolution angle 225

79
 Data set: Revolution 2D 1

6.1.9 Cut Line 2D 3

DATA
Description Value
Data set Study 3/Solution 7

LINE DATA
Description Value
Line entry method Two points
Points {{0, 0}, {1, 0}}

ADVANCED
Description Value
Space variable cln3x
Normal variables {cln3nx, cln3ny}

80
 Data set: Cut Line 2D 3

6.2 PLOT GROUPS

6.2.1 Temperature, 3D (ht)

Surface: Temperature (K)

81
6.2.2 Isothermal Contours (ht)

Contour: Temperature (K)

6.2.3 Fases sólido y líquido (Malla Adaptativa)

Surface: Phase indicator, phase 1 (1)

82
6.2.4 Fases sólido líquido

Surface: Phase indicator, phase 1 (1)

6.2.5 Indicador de fase en el eje de simetría

Line Graph: Phase indicator, phase 1 (1) Line Graph: Phase indicator, phase 1 (1)

83
6.2.6 Indicador de fase a través del radio

Line Graph: Phase indicator, phase 1 (1) Line Graph: Phase indicator, phase 1 (1)

6.2.7 Variación de temperatura a través del radio

Line Graph: Temperature (K)

84