Mariano Marcos State University

COLLEGE OF TEACHER EDUCATION

Laoag City

Board of Licensure Examination for Professional Teachers

Area: World History 1

Competencies: Analyze the social, political, cultural and economic development of world civilization
from the ancient period
Prepared by: Professor Estrella B. Luis

Content Update

Part 1. Beginnings- 2,000,000- 3500 BC

A. The First Humans

About 10,000 years ago, the Cro-Magnon period of humans ended at the conclusion of the
Stone Age continued in other parts of the world for thousands of years
Today, only few hunting and gathering societies still exist, and even among them
modernization has made an impact. These societies include the Inuit or Eskimos of the Arabic, the
Khoisan of Southern Africa, the Aborigines Australia, and the Amazon Indians of South America.
People in these societies live much as men, women and children did over 10,000 years ago.
Anthropologists learn from them what life in the Old Stage might have been like, for they provide
human museum of the past.

Direction: Select the letter of the correct answer for each of the following questions.

1. Homo Erectus was able to speak because of the larger brain and the
a. location of the spinal cord c. structure of the jaw
b. size of the mouth d. location and size of the larynx and pharynx
2. The way of life for Homo Erectus people was based on
a. fishing b. stone carving c. hunting and gathering d. agriculture
3. Homo Erectus hunters killed animals with
a. spears b. bows and arrows c. guns d. agriculture
4. Only human hunters
a. look for young and sick animals to kill c. use fire hunting
b. hunt in large group d. stalk their prey
5. Neanderthal people are
a. a form of Homo Sapiens c. form of Homo Erectus
b. completely different from modern man d. species of Australopithecus
6. Neanderthal hunted large animals
a. since people did not eat vegetables
b. during periods when the world was much warmer
c. because they did not have boats
d. when the climate turned cold
7. Flaking is a technique to
a. hunt a fish b. make a hand ax c. start a fire d. make a stone knife or blade
8. Cro-Magnon people are people who belong to the class of
a. Australopithecus b. Neanderthal c. Homo Erectus d. Homo Sapiens
9. The purpose of a spear- thrower is to increase the
a. size of the spear c. width of the spear point
b. distance the spear can be thrown d. length of the spear point
10. A Cro-Magnon tool maker is called a
a. borer b. carpenter c. knapper d. flapper
11. When Cro-Magnon came to America’s and to Australia, they probably knew how to make
a. fire b. wagons c. boats d. sleds
12. Cro-Magnon women were usually responsible
a. gathering and storing seeds c. make stone tools
b. hunting d. serving as lookouts for animals
13. Lascaux in France is a site for Cro-Magnon
a. houses b. tool-making industry c. temples d. cave paintings
14. Race developed as Cro-Magnon people
a. held close together in large group
b. thought up different words for each other
c. sought ways to show they were different
d. moved about in isolated groups and intermarried with one another’s close relatives
15. He discovered a skull of a man-like-ape which was later identified as the Homo Erectus when he
explored a river bank in Java in A.D 1891. He assumed that he found the ‘missing link’
a. Eugene Dubois b. Jouergene Debutch c. Eugene Debois d. Jorge Deboin

Points to Remember in First Humans :

 The search for the oldest hominids and the first people in an ongoing process
 Homo Erectus was the first human species and lived in a hunting and gathering society where
women were the main providers
 Neanderthal people, one of the first homo sapiens, adapted well to their environment
 Homo sapiens man and women are known as Cro-Magnon’s and are the immediate ancestors
of modern people
 Race and language developed during the Cro-Magnon period as isolated groups of people
spread over the earth
 The cave art of Cro-Magnon’s is the world’s first major painting

B. The New Stone Age

The New Stone Age or Neolithic receives its name from the more sophisticated of stone tools
that artisan made. However, it was much more important for other reasons. This was the beginning of
town life and the domestication of plants and animals.
The Neolithic first started in South Werstern Asia( the lands between the eastern
Mediterranian Sea and the Modern Iran), and it’s invention and possibly its inventors spread from this
center info surrounding areas setting stage for civilization. They were able to do this because they
lived in a region of rich farm land, provided it had sufficient water, which is now known as the Fertile
Crescent. The new stone stage was the bridge between the world hunters and gatherers and that of
settled communities.

16. The Fertile Crescent is found in

a. Africa b. South Eastern Asia c. South Western Asia d. India
17 Neolithic describes the
a. New Stone Age b. Old Stone Age c. Bronze Age d. kind of pottery
18. Nomads are people who
a. build cities c. use mud brick for building houses
b. developed pottery d. wander about looking food
19. One of the features of early town life was the opportunity for
a. hunting c. specialization in one kind of work
b. domesticating animals d. keeping animals close to one’s house
20. The oldest known town in the world is
a. Catal-Huyuk b. Beijing c. Jerusalem d. Jericho
21. For a town to succeed it always needed to be near
a. water b. a forest c. mountains d. the sea
22. The people pof Jericho must have recognized the importance of private property because they
a. gave up stone tools for metal ones c. built a wall and a fort
b. invented pottery d. had a large spring from which to obtain water
23. The people of Catal-Huyuk controlled the trade in
a. animals b. pottery c. gold and silver d. obsidian
24. Domestication means that certain plants and animals
a. can be controlled by humans c. grow in wet climate
b. grow in dry climate d. are found in houses
25. A pestle and mortar gave evidence of
a. the use of pottery c. people crushing seeds to make flour
b. the domestication of animals d. the domestication of plants
26. People who learned to make pottery probably used this containers first:
a. stone jars b. metal boxes c. baskets d. stone gus
27. The first metal use for practical purposes was
a. iron b. copper c. bronze d. silver
28. In 3,200 B.C the world passes into the
a. New Stone Age b. Iron Age c. Copper Age d. Bronze Age
29. The auroch is thought to be the ancestors of modern
a. cattle b. horses c. pigs d. sheep
30. Some of the wild nature of animals can be removed through
a. changing the environment c. keeping them in cages
b. plowing d. selective breeding
31. The ancestors of modern dogs is the
a. cat b. wolf c. bear d. coyote
32. One of the most impressive monuments of the first European farmers is
a. a step pyramid b. Jericho c. Jarmo d. Stonehedge
33. The favourite grain of the first Chinese farmers was
a. corn b. rice c. wheat d. millet
34. A common feature of Africa and America was that they had
a. a lack of large animals that could be domesticated
b. cool damp climates
c. many species of wolves
d. many breeds of horses
35. The grain found useful to Mexican farmers was
a. rice b. wheat c. corn d. millet

Points to Remember on the New Stone age:

 The first town appeared in the New Stone age
 Agriculture first developed in Southwest Asia
 Life in farming villages led to many new inventions, such as pottery
 Keeping animals or herding, became a way of life for some people
 New plants and animals were domesticated in East Asia, Africa and America
 Part II: The First Civilizations: 3500-1200 B.C.

A. Fertile Crescent
The Fertile Crescent, that part of south western Asia extending from the Mediterranian Sea to
western Iran was the setting for the first world civilization. This is hardly a surprise because it was in
this part of the world that the first towns were built and the domestication of plants and animals
followed. It was here in the village life move from societies, or culture into civilization. The
Sumerians were first to make this transition.
So much of our culture is indebted to the Sumerians. Without their inventions and
discoveries, it is hard to imagine the way we would grow our food, make our tool, build our homes,
and think about literature.

36. The discovery of ancient Sumer was made through reading about it in
a. Greek tablets b. Assyrian tablets .c. Amorite tablet d. Eblaite tablet
37. Mesopotamia is a great river valley formed by the
a. Nile River b. Orontes c. Tigris and Euphrates d. Red Sea
38. Mesopotamia is a Greek word that means
a. between the rivers c. between the mountains
b. between the seas d. this is where the Sumerian lives
39. Cities of the ancient Sumer were always known about
a. palaces b. springs c. temples d. mountains
40. The oldest Sumerian town is
a. Uruk b. Nippur c. Sumer d. Lagash
41. The Sumerians replaced the digging stuck with to the invention of the
a. spade b. fork c. shovel d. plow
42. Patriarchal society is one which
a. gives equal right to everyone c. gives no right to slave
b. keep slaves d. gives men reference over women
43. Sumerian arithmetic was based on the number
a. 6 b. 60 c. 10 d. 12
44. The need to irrigate e farmland gave rise to
a. surveying technique b. mathematics c. windmills d. the wheel
45. A Sumerian king was called
a. ensi b. lugal c. archon d. priest
46. Sumerian artisans joined together in
a. guilds b. companies c. unions d. partnerships
47. A dowry is a
a. kind of boat c. gift brought by a new bride
b. form of plowing d. gift brought by a new husband
48. Every city-state of ancient Sumer worshiped one or more gods because it was thought that
a. the gods brought fertility c. people were created to work for the gods
b. the city needed protection d. all of the above
49. Sumerian temples were built beside
a. artificial mounds b. mountains c. islands and Euphrates d. palaces
50. Writing grew out of the need to
a. tell stories b. keep cows c. keep records d. make public signs
51. An Ideogram is a sign that reproduces
a. map b. letter of the alphabet c. an idea d. a picture
52. The world’s first story tells about the adventures of
a. Noah b. Gilgamesh c. Ur-Nammu d. Hammurabi
53. Rolling a cylinder seal in wet clay provided the Sumerians with a
a. a map b. deed of trust c. signature d. cuneiform tablet
54. Sumerian music had instruments of
a. strings, pipes and tambourines c. only wind instruments
b. drums d. clay whistles
55. The Semitic people who lived in north of Sumer were the
a. Eblaites b. Greeks c. Amorites d. Akkadians
56. The king of Babylon, famous for his law code is
a. Sargon the Great b. Hammurabi c. Gilgamesh d. Ur-Nammu
57. The first invaders of the Sumerian civilization were the
a. Elamites b. Amorites c. Akkadian d. Persians
58. How many laws were written in Hammurabi codes
a. 280 b. 282 c. 285 d. 288
59. They were known as the most aggressive group of people in western Asia from 1460-1190 B.C.
due to their knowledge of melting iron thus their time was called the period of empire.
a. Anatolian b. Syrian c. Hittites d. Sumerian
60. The use of the alphabet originated from the
a. Ugaritic script b. hieroglyphics c. cuneiform d. Phoenicia
61. Who was the Babylonian god who was illustrated in the Hammurabi code as Hammurabi’s partner
in enforcing the laws?
a. Marduk b. Harduk c. Tarduk d. Parduk

Points to Remember in the Fertile Crescent

 The geography of Mesopotamia, the Tigris and Euphrates valley shaped Sumerian civilization
 The Sumerians were the first word civilization
 Sumerian society gave many rights to women
 In Hammurabi’s code, penalties for breaking the law depended on the social status of the
victim and the accused. The code championed the cause of women and children to prevent
their exploitation. The codes were written in cuneiform on a black stone column, eight feet
high and stands today in the Paris Museum at the Louvre.

B. Ancient Egypt
Egypt owes its life to a river, the Nile. Without this constant flow of water, human population
of any size could not exist. Even in ancient times, it was recognized that “Egypt is the gift of the
Nile.”
Until now, ancient Egyptian civilization enjoys a longevity surpassed by none. It lasted for
almost 3000 years. The Egyptian view of the world was remarkably conservative, clinging to the past,
eschewing change. Its cultural unity enabled it to withstand natural disasters, even the Hyksos
invitation without collapsing.

62. Lower Egypt is that part of the country formed by the

a. Mediterranean Sea b. desert c. southern river valley d. Nile delta
63. When the Nile flooded in ancient times, it left behind
a. pebbles b. silk c. grain d. island
64. The Nile flood on the rainy season in
a. Mesopotamia b. lower Egypt c. the African interior d. the Red sea
65. Before farming could begin in Egypt, the
a. swamps along the Nile had to be drained
b. discovery of new plants and animals had to be made
c. country had to be civilized
d. trees had to be cut down
66. The legendary king who united Egypt is known as
a. Narmer b. Tutankhamen c. Amenhotep d. Ahmose
67. Egyptians was believed that the world was kept in balance by
a. the Nile flooding b. the moon c. the sun d. Ma’at
68. the first pyramid was built for the pharaoh
a. Narmer b. Zoser c. Tutankhamen d. Imhotep
69. A reason for building the pyramid was to
a. provide work for the slave population c. accent the power of pharaoh
b. build a temple for the gods d. provide a fortress near the capital
70. About 1750 B.C. these people invaded Egypt
a. Assyrians b. Nubians c. Philistines d. Hyksos
71. This Egyptian woman serve as a pharaoh in the New Kingdom
a. Thoth b. Horus c. Nefertiti d. Hatsepsut
72. The worship of Aton as sole god was promoted by pharaoh
a. Zoser b. Tutankhamen c. Akhenaten d. Hatsepsut
73. Ramses II had his statue carved facing the Nile at
a. Memphis b. Abu Simbel c. Thebes d. Karnak
74. The name of the falcon god was
a. Osiris b. Thoth c. Aton d. Horus
75. The Egyptian calendar, based on the sun had
a. 8 months b. 3 months c. 12 months of 30 days d. 12 months of 33 days
76. Ancient Egypt had their own type of writing called
a. cuneiform b. calligraphy c. Heiroglyphics d. pictograph
77. Who decoded the writing on demotic Egyptian and Greek on the Rosetta Stone which paved way
to the understanding of the mystery of heiroglyphic writing?
a. Jean- Francois Champollion c. Gene Francis Champollion
b. Jean Francesco Campion d. Geanie Frasco Campion
78. The meaning of the word “pharaoh” is
a. Great Kingdom b. Great Ruler c. Great House d. Great Dynasty
79. What is term for the “spirit of the pharaoh after death” which was being protected in the
pyramids?
a. ka b. ka’aba c. khufu d. kuh
80. The largest pyramid ever built is the pyramid of pharaoh
a. Khufu b. Menkaure c. Chefren d. Osiris
81. Who was the local leader who was able to expel the Hyksos, founding the 18 th dynasty that begins
the New Kingdom of Egypt?
a. Armose b. Ahmose c. Ahemose d. Ahedemose
82. Egypt’s decline was during the reign of
a. Ramses I b. Ramses II c. Amenhotep IV d. Akhenatan Aton

Points to Remember on the Ancient Egypt Civilization

 The people of Egypt depended on the Nile
 The Egyptian people were protected from invasion by the sea and the dessert
 A king name Narmer, according to legend, unified Egypt. He formed the first dynasty
 The Old Kingdom, when the pyramids when the pyramids where built was Egypt’s first great
historical period.
 Pharaoh’s of the Middle Kingdom move the borders of Egypt southwars into Nubia
 Egyptian inventions include the solar calendar, the discovery of many medicines, how to
make a mammy and how to write hieroglyphics
C. The First Indian Civilization
India’s shape resembles a triangle standing on a single tip. At the top of the triangle two great
mountain chains seal India off from the rest of Asia. On the west is the Hindu Kush, on the east are
the Himalayas, the tallest mountain in the world. Together the two ranges extend 2000 miles east to
west and are almost 150 miles north to south. Both ranges have passes that historically funnels
invaders into India. The most famous is the Khyber Pass in the Hindu Kush.
The first known people who came into the Hindus Valley where the nomads who brought
goats and sheeps into the region for pasture. After the summer ended, they retreated to the west. There
was on abundance of wild animals in the dense of the forest and fish in the rivers. The presence of
these nomads is known from the stone tools that they made. After domestication of plants occurred,
some people took up farming, planted small gardens, and embraced a settled life. Wheat and barley
bread supplemented what nature provided from the forests and grasslands.
This first Indians lived in Maud brick houses clustered in villages. Over time they made
pottery on the potter’s wheel, a major advance over shaping containers by hand.

83. India receives water in the form of

a. thundershowers c. ocean squalls
b. monsoons d. snow in the Deccan Plateau
84. The Indus Valley people built their cities of
a. wood b. stone c. mud brick d. plaster
85. The Indus valley cities differ from other ancient towns because they
a. were fortified with stone walls c. were placed near rivers
b. held thousands of people d. were planned cities
86. It is hard to follow Indus Valley history since
a. the people were isolated from Mesopotamia
b. the people left few written records in a script not yet understood
c. cities were abandoned very early in history
d. Their cities were built in wood, which is not easily preserved
87. The two major rivers which provided life to the Indus Valley are
a. Deccan and Ganges c. Huang Ho and Yangtze
b. Mohenjo Daro and Harappa d. Indus and Ganges
88. This is the home of the herders who pasture their cattle, goats and sheep in Ancient India. It is
located south of the Ganges in Indus Valley
a. Mohenjo Daro b. Harappa c. Ceylon d. Deccan Plateau
89. It is the language of the Aryans which is distantly related to English, Latin and Celtic
a. Dravidians b. Sanskrit c. Vedas d. Baltic
90. What race/ tribe built and lived in the first cities of the Indus Valley Civilization
a. Aryans b. Dravidians c. Akkadians d. Celtic
91. Aryan warfare involve the use of
a. light chariots drawn by horses c. the phalanx
b. large ships d. none of the above
92. The priestly class of Aryan India is known as
a. Kshatriya b. Brahmans c. Vedas d. Soma

Points to Remember in the First Indian Civilization

 India has two great rivers the Indus and the Ganges
 The first civilization of India grew up in the Indus Valley
 Two large cities represent the Indus Valley Civilization- Harappa and Mahenjo Daro
 The Aryans came into India about 1500 B.C and from that time onward dominated the
civilization there
D. Prehistoric China
Of the four great civilizations, the Chinese is the youngest, but it has also been the most
enduring. Although the Ancient Egyptian culture has disappeared, the Chinese Civilization continues.
Since it was the most isolated from the others, its characteristics were the most original, for what the
Chinese borrowed, they soon adopted to their own way of life.
An Ancient legend confirmed from archaeological findings, says that the Chinese people
settled along the Yellow River many centuries ago, about 5000 B.C. Stone tools and pottery decorated
with fish, and bone motifs are found in grave sites, especially of woman.

93. The first civilization in China was in

a. the Yangtze Valley c. along the shores of the Pacific
c. the Yellow River Valley d. in the Han River Valley
94. The Yellow River is dangerous because it often
a. ran dry b. ran between mountains c. flooded d. has cataracts
95. Loess makes up
a. volcanic ash c. the soil of northern China
b. limestone d. the great river of Southern China
96. The grain of Southern China is
a. wheat b. barley c. millet d. rice
97. The Chinese language has to be spoken
a. using three tones c. with many grammatical infections
b. in four different tones d. only in low voice
98. The horse nomads to the north west of east China were the
a. Vietnamese b. Mongols and Turks c. Indians d. Tibetans
99. Cracks on oracle bones helped ancient Chinese shamans
a. choose emperors c. make soup
b. tell the animals died d. predict the future
100. Chinese religion was very much concerned with
a. writing secret text c. great processions
b. organizing priesthoods d. honouring ancestral spirits
101. The major kingdom or Zho’ng Guo, was the Chinese way of talking about their
a. history b. religion c. concept of the world d. form of government
102. Shang society was dominated by
a. powerful aristocrats b. astrologers c. the army d. the weather
103. The first civilization of China were called by archaeologist as
a. Yangshao b. Yangtau c. Yangdao d. Yangshu
104. The culture of civilization in Southern China during the pre-historic time demonstrated a
different style of pottery and grave gifts?
a. Homodu b. Kimono c. Komodu d. Timodu
105. The production of silk famous in ancient China is called
a. textile b. horticulture c. Sericulture d. tanning
106. According to the legend, he is the first important ruler of China who gave who gave the Chinese
their first dynasty, the Xia.
a. Yu the Great b. Ming the Great c. Xia the Great d. T’ang the Great

Points to Remember on the Prehistoric China

 China’s first civilization was found in the great river valleys of the Yellow and Yangtze
Rivers
 Chinese religion consisted of spirits filling the world and a concern for ancestors
 The Shang dynasty is the first China’s historical period
E. Mediterranean Regions in Ancient World
The Mediterranean Sea lies at the southern border of Europe and separates the continent from
northern Africa and the Levant, the coastal region of the south western Asia. For many reasons it is
unique. Its size is impressive covering 1,000,000 sq. miles and extending east to west 2300 miles. It is
warmer, deeper and saltier than other bodies of water because of high evaporation rate during
summer. This gives it a deeper shade of blue. Two thirds of the Mediterranean’s water flows into it
from the Atlantic at the straits if Gilbraltar, a very narrow channel, 8 miles wide, between modern
Spain and Morocco.
Because the Mediterranean is so large, some parts have their own names, The Aegean Sea,
dotted with islands is the far eastern section of the Mediterranean. Some of the islands are but a few
miles of Anatolian coast, where the Hitites and other advanced cultures had been located.

107. The discoverer of ancient Minoan civilization was

a. Robert Leakey b. Donald Joanson c. Arthur Evans d. Heinrich Schliemann
108. According to the myth of Theseus,
a. the Minoans built a capital in Greece
b. the Minotaur represented King Minos
c. the Greeks founded Minoan civilization
109. Minoan taxes were collected in
a. coins b. oil and grain c. artworks d. weapons
110. The defence of the Minoan civilization was left up to
a. walls b. a professional army c. a navy d. castles
111. Minoan writings is called
a. linear B b. linear A c. hieroglyphics d. pictographic
112. Possibly the decline of the Minoan civilization was due to
a. drought b. flood c. volcanic explosion d. disease
113. The first Greeks established a town at
a. Athens b. Sparta c. Mycenaeans d. Hittites
114. The Mycenaeans were noted for their
a. building a labyrinth c. writing Linear A
b. use of iron d. burying their dead chieftains with gold mask on their faces
115. The first European civilization which formed a circle about the tiny island of Delos was named
a. Minoan b. Mycenae c. Cyclads d. Aegean
116. The first Greeks, who were warriors, were known as
a. Balkans b. Spartans c. Mycenaeans d. Hittites

Points to Remember on medeterranean Regions in the Ancient World

 The Mediterranean coast was the home of many cultures in the ancient world
 The first Mediterranean civilization appeared in the Cycladic Islands and then moved to
Crete
 Cultivation of wheat, grapes, and olives supported Mediterranean agriculture
 The Minoans built large complex civic centers originally known as palace
 The Minoan cities were centers of trades and ship building
 The Myceneaen Greek settled in the Peloponneus

F. The First Americans

The discovery of America took place long before Columbus stepped unto San Salvador in
Bahams. Although there is still no agreement on the exact date as early as 36000 B.C. or as late as
28000 B.C., Cro-Magnons arrived at the North America continent. The came across the bearing strait,
possibly walking at a time when glaciers held so much of the oceans water, that the land bridge
existed between Asia and Alaska. Another theory holds that they made boats to carry them across the
60 miles of open water that now separated the two continents.

117. The first Americans were people who crossed into

a. California b. Alaska c. British Columbia d. South America
118. The last people to cross from Asia to America are the
a. Sioux b. Tingit c. Inuit d. Athabascans
119. The first Indian hunters looked for
a. large animals like the mammoth c. birds and reptiles
b. rabbits and foxes d. rodents
120. Corn was first domesticated by the Indians of
a. Peru b. Mexico c. California d. the Mississippi Valley

Part III. Classical World: 1200 B.C. – A.D. 500

A. Southwest Asia in the Time of Empire

Southwest Asia in the period from 1200 to 334 B.C. saw the rise and fall of many empires as
one group of people held supremacy for several centuries only to be followed by another. It was
restless time, when rulers sat uneasily on their thrones.
Intense religious activities marked this period. Both Judaism and Mazdaism originated in the
shadow of Southwest Asia.

121. The homeland of the Assyrians was

a. in the lower Tigris- Euphrates Valley c. on the Iranian plateau
b. in the upper Tigris- Euphrates Valley d. in Anatolia
122. The first great Assyrian empire-builder was
a. Ramses II b. Nebuchadnezzar II c. Tiglath-Pileses I d. Shalamanser III
123. The Assyrian capital was at
a. Babylonia b. Jerusalem c. Nineveh d. Ur
124. The destruction of Nineveh in 612 B.C. was a joint effort by
a. Hebrews and Phoenicians c. Medes and Phoenicians
b. Arameans and Canaanites d. Medes and Babylonians
125. The chief God of the Babylonians was
a. Ashur b. Isis c.Dumuzi d. Marduk
126. The contribution of the Hebrew people to world civilization has been
a. the invention of the sculpture c. writing
b. the concept of one God d. metal working
127. The part of the Hebrew Bible considered most important is
a. Torah c. Prophets
b. Wisdom Literature d. the Psalms
128. The canon of the Hebrew Bible determines
a. when the books of the Bible were written c. who the biblical authors are
b. the number of prophets d. what books will be in the biblical collection
129. Tradition says that the Hebrew’s common ancestor was
a. Moses b. Abraham c. David d. Joshua
130. About the same time that the Hebrews entered Canaan, another people settled the Palestine coast,
they are the
a. Arameans b. Philistines c. Babylonians d. Chaldeans
Points to Remember on Southwest Asia in a Time of Europe
 The Assyrians built in Mesopotamia a strong empire noted for its bureaucracy and ruthless
army
 The Chaldean kings of Babylonia succeeded the Assyrian Empire
 The Phoenician spread the alphabet throughout the world
 Cyrus, king of Persia created an empire that was remarkably tolerant
 Lydians first invented coinage

B. Rise of Greek Civilization

The first great European civilizations emerged in the period from 1200 B.C. to A.D. 500. Two
races stand out for their accomplishments, the Greek and the Romans.
The Greeks turned to the sea, because their country had no rivers of importance and irrigation
was out of question. Three fourths of their country was mountainous, giving them little land for food
production.
The Athenians of Greece attempted Europe’s first democracy, while the Roman’s took
republican government a step forward. Their legacy laid a permanent foundation for the development
of Western Civilization.

131. People said that Draco’s laws

a. were not strict enough c. needed constant changes
b. were just fine d. were written in blood not ink
132. Solon gave more power to the
a. archons b. tyrants c. Areopagus d. ekklesia
133. Persistratos was a
a. general b. archon c. demarche d. tyrant
134. Cleisthenes put political authority into an executive body that was called the
a. agora b. ekkesia c. Heleia d. Council of Five Hundred
135. Sparta’s need for a military way of life arose from a fear of revolt in
a. Athens b. Messenia c. Arcadia d. Mycenae
136. Leaders of the Spartan government had the title
a. archon b. ephor c. general d. king
137. The Athenian Empire was wormed within the
a. Delian League c. Aracadian League
b. Pelopennesian League d. Areopagus
138. The Athenian statesman commissioned the buildings of the Acropolis
a. Solon b. Cleisthenes c. Pericles d. Aristagoras
139. The Parthenon was built in this style
a. Attic b. Ionian c. Corinthian d. Doric
140. The historian of the Peloponessian War was
a. Thucydides b. Herodotus c.Aristotle d. Hippocrates

Points to Remember on the Rise of Greek Civilization

 The Greeks were the first to establish the polis, or city-state in Europe
 The interaction of the Phoenician and Egyptians gave an impetus to the Greek Renaissance
 Political life in Athens moved from monarchy to oligarchy to direct democracy
 Sparta developed a social system that made it a military state
 The Greeks excelled in architecture, arts, philosophy, athletics, and science
On the Road to Democracy
Most aristocracies, in historical perspective, are noted for their short-sightedness and
greed. The Athenian upper class tended to govern only with its own interest in mind, ignoring the
common good. The mass of ordinary people found themselves increasingly impoverished and in
desperation looked for anything that promised relief.

First came a call for a written code of laws, to fend off the arbitrary nature of judicial
system in the landowning class passed judgment on peasant farmers. Draco, a judge elected in 621
B.C. fulfilled this charge. He issued a written code of laws, carved in a stone that was erected in
Agora, the heart downtown Athens. In 594 B.C. the archon, Solon, determined the further limit the
power of the Athenian nobility. He freed all enslaved citizens and forbade any enslavement of
citizens. All were allowed to vote in the ekklesia, the citizen assembly. Cleisthenes, archon in 508
B.C. completed the process of transforming the Athenian state into a complete democracy. Every
citizen, regardless of wealth or birth, was now eligible for office in the Athenian government. Each
was registered in deme, and every deme belonged to one of ten artificially constructed tribes. Fifty
men of each tribe, chosen annually by lot, formed a Council of Five Hundred, which supervised the
day-to-day running of the state.

C. The Roman Republic: ‘The Grandeur that was Rome”

The Romans were one of the ancient world’s extraordinary peoples. Their legacy in
law, politics and building still has an impact on the present. Of all European peoples, they were the
only ones to create a world state that extend the length of Europe’s southern Mediterranean share from
Spain to Greece. The expansion of city life in this regions and the economic unification that followed
was a major contribution to the subsequent history of the continent. It is a tribute to their political
skills that most of the people who lived under the Roman rule were proud to be known as its citizens.

141. Rome was located in a region called

a. Tuscany b. Dalmatia c. Etruria d. Latium
142. The Romans learned from Etruscans about
a. building towns c. Republican Government
b. making stone buildings d. growing grapes
143. Rome is located on this river
a. Po b. Tiber c. Tigris d. Arno
144. In a republic, officials are
a. appointed c. in politics because of birth
b. chosen by the governed d. in politics because of their relation to a king
145. Roman censors
a. provided the army’s general c. counted citizens
b. oversaw public buildings d. all of the above
146. A dictator held power
a. for 1 year b. for 6 months c. for 2 years d. until tossed out of office
147. Tribunes represented the
a. plebeians b. patricians c. army d. senate
148. The Punic Wars were fought between
a. Sparta and Rome c. Rome and Sicily
b. Carthage and Spain d. Rome and Carthage
149. In every Roman family then, the male with the most authority was the
a. Pater familias b. mater familias c. grandfather d. paternal uncle
150. The Roman republic broke down in the first century B.C. due to
a. the invasion of the Cells c. ambitious generals
b. economic causes d. corruption in the senate
Points to Remember on the Rise of Greek Civilization:
 The Roman aristocrats overthrew an Etruscan king to begin a Republic
 The government of Rome were placed in magistrates elected in the Centuriate Assembly, but
the real power lay in the Senate