INDUSTRIAL DISASTERS

DGFASLI’
DGFASLI’S Perspectives Assumed importance during last three
vis- decades. Concern started after
is-a-vis Disaster – Explosion in Flixborough, UK -1974
Management (28 deaths and many injuries) &
– Toxic release of TCDD (Tetra chloro
dibenzo Dioxine) in Seveso, Italy in
the year 1976,
When the efforts were being made by
S.S. Gautam & B.D. Dubey the European Union to develop some
strategy
– Explosion of LPG storages in Mexico
City -1984 &
– Toxic release of Methyl Isocyanate in
Bhopal -1984

COMPONENTS OF DISASTER
STAKE HOLDERS MANAGEMENT
• Ministry of Environment & Forest,
• Ministry of Labour & Employment,
• Public administration, • Prevention of chemical accidents,
• Town planners, • Containment & control systems, &
• Emergency response services
incorporating: • Mitigation of damages from the
– Fire & Rescue Services, accidents.
– Civil Defence,
– Emergency Medical Services, etc.

DGFASLI ?
ROLE OF GOVERNMENT
AGENCIES
– Directorate General Factory Advice Service
and Labour Institutes, Mumbai under Ministry
of Labour & Employment,
• Incorporating required Safety &
Health measures in statutory fold, – A technical arm of the Ministry on
• Matters related with safety & health of workers,
• Enforcement of such provisions employed in
strictly. – Manufacturing and
– Port sector.
 ROLE OF DGFASLI ROLE OF DGFASLI
(is primarily preventive.)
(is primarily preventive.)

• DGFASLI assists Ministry of Labour &

• The five labour institutes at Mumbai,
Employment in Kanpur, Kolkata, Chennai and
– framing legislative measures on the Faridabad
subject of safety & health. – Carry out the research and
development work as per the current
needs. &
The enforcement of safety & health statutes – Offer technical services like
in factories is done by the Labour
Departments of the State Governments / • studies, surveys, audits, education,
Union Territories. training programmes, seminars
etc.

ROLE OF DGFASLI ROOTS OF OF MAH SYSTEM

(is primarily preventive.)
IN INDIA
• It enforces the Dock Workers • After the Bhopal event, the Chief of
(Safety, Health and Welfare) Act OSH Branch of ILO visited India in
February 1985.
1986 and the regulations framed
• During his visit a need for technical
there under &
assistance from ILO was agreed
• The Manufacture, Storage and upon.
Import of Hazardous Chemicals • ILO sent a mission to India in April
Rules 1989 in 12 major ports of 1985 to identify and advise on
the country. priorities for establishing control of
MAH in the country.

The Factories (Amendment) Salient features of Factories

Act 1987 (Amendment ) Act 1987
S.No Sectio Requirements
n
• Ministry of Labour & Employment, 1. 41 A Constitution of Site Appraisal Committees for initial
with the assistance of DGFASLI, location of hazardous process factories.
amended the Factories Act 1948.
2. 41 B • Disclosure of dangers including health hazards and
• Concept of hazardous process the measure to overcome such hazards &
• Obligation of an occupier to draw up for a hazardous
industries was introduced. installation:
•On site emergency plan. &
• Provisions for prevention, control •Off site emergency plan.
& mitigation of impact of • Laying down of health and safety policy.

Industrial Accidents were brought • Providing information of nature and details of

in. process.
 Salient Features of Factories Salient Features of Factories
(Amendment ) Act 1987 (Amendment ) Act 1987
S.No Sectio Requirements S.No Sectio Requirements
n n
3. 41 C • Medical examination and maintenance of health 7. 41 G Promotion and cooperation of workers and the
records of the workers. managements by constitution of safety committees.
• Appointment of competent supervisors.

4. 41 D Power of Central Government to appoint an enquiry 8. 41 H Right of workers to warn about imminent dangers.
committee to investigate accident and neglect.
9. 41 I Enhancement of penalties for contravention of the
provisions of Section 41-B, 41-C and 41-H (which may
5. 41 E Laying down emergency standards on safety & extend to Rs. 2 lacs and / or imprisonment for a term
health. extending up to 7 years )

6. 41 F Laying down of permissible limits of exposure to toxic

substances

ILO Project on Controlling Major

PARTICIPANTS
Accident Hazards in India
• MOL&E, implemented first in 12 – The Central Labour Institute
selected states. (CLI), Mumbai,
• DGFASLI worked from 1986 to – Three Regional Labour
1990 in the manufacturing sector Institutes (in Calcutta, Chennai
(i.e., factories) & and Kanpur)
• Later in the port sector, from – Inspectorates of Dock Safety &
January 1991 to April 1993. – Inspectorates of Factories of
the 12 states

ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA

IMMEDIATE OBJECTIVE THREE-

THREE-TIER TECHNICAL ORGANISATION
ON MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARD CONTROL
• At the national Level
– Setting up of a multidisciplinary advisory
division to control major accident hazards,
To strengthen the national system at Central Labour Institute, Mumbai.
for preventing occupational • At the regional Level
accidents in certain industrial – cells to control major accident hazards set
activities. up in the three Regional Labour Institutes,
i.e., in Calcutta, Chennai and Kanpur.
• AT the state level
– specialist cells set up in the headquarters of
the Inspectorates of Factories.
 ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA RULES FOR THE CONTROL OF
FUNCTIONS MAJOR ACCIDENT HAZARDS
• Resource centers for the control of major
accident hazards. • Model rules on the Control of
• Provide technical advice and guidance on Industrial Major Accident Hazards
hazardous chemicals to industry; (CIMAH) for notification by the
• Investigate major accidents; states under the Factories Act of
• Inspect major accident hazard works; 1948.
• Develop technical guidelines and training • Later Ministry of Environment and
material, Forests included these rules, as the
• Conduct specialised training programmes on
"Manufacture, Storage and Import of
the control of major accident hazards and
Hazardous Chemicals Rules, 1989"
chemical safety for different target groups; and
under the Environment (Protection)
Act of 1986.
• Conduct studies and safety audits of hazardous
operations.

ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA

COMPUTERIZED DATA ELEMENTS OF THE SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING MAH IN INDIA

STRENGTHENING OF THE LABOUR

BANK INSTITUTES AND INSPECTORATES
• The databases on the inventories of the
hazardous chemicals, the major accident • Deploying officers with qualifications
hazard sites/works and the incidents of
major risk are updated continuously. and experience in chemical engineering
• Technical guidelines on various aspects of • Providing training in the control of major
hazard control. accident hazards in India and/or abroad.
– Checklists for the Inspectors to use when • Conduct training programmes for
performing inspections of bulk storages of
• ammonia, – Inspectors of Factories,
• chlorine, – Inspectors of Dock Safety,
• liquefied petroleum gas (LPG).
• medical care in emergencies involving the ten most – technical personnel from the industry
common hazardous chemicals in English and Hindi
• Inspection of MAH units in Ports.
• Technical advice to the major accident
hazard sites/works.

TRAINING STRATEGY
ONGOING ACTIVITIES
• A large number of specialised training
programmes and seminars have been held
– Inspectors from the Inspectorates of Factories • Enforcement:
and of Dock Safety;
– Senior executives; – enforcing MSIHC Rules 1989 in the
– Safety officers; 12 Major Ports of the country.
– Workers who are members of safety
committees;
– Supervisory trainers from the major accident
hazard works and port authorities;
– Trade union leaders at both the national and
regional levels.
• Training manuals were developed to provide
the background reading material needed by
these training programme participants.
 MAJOR HAZARD INSTALLATIONS Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol
IN INDIAN PORTS ce Installat m d
ion Quantity Quantity
Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol
ce m d
Vishak LPG Pipeli 1 111 MT 15 MT
Installat
ion Quantity Quantity hapatn ne
Mumbai Highly Storage 1 68800 10,000 am
Pipeli 1 31 MT 15 MT
Flamma MT
ble ne
Liquid stora 1 7500 15 MT
(HSD &
SKO)
ge MT
Kandla Flamma Storag 1 24254 15,000 Ammo Pipeli 1 70 60 MT
ble e MT MT
nia ne
Liquid
Morumg Ammoni Storag 1 5000 MT 60 MT Stora 1 10000 60 MT
ao a e ge MT
Kolkata None - - - -

Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol Port Substan Type of Number Maximu Threshol
ce Installat m d ce Installat m d
ion Quantity Quantity ion Quantity Quantity
Cochin Ammonia storage 1 10,000 60 MT Ennore Very storage 1 48442 MT 5000 MT
MT Highly
Highly Storage 1 14100 MT 10000 MT Flammabl
Flammabl e Liquid
e Liquid (MS,
(LSHF, Benzene,
HSD) Hexane,
Flammabl Storage 31160 MT 15000 MT IPA,
e Liquid Toluene,
(LVFO,LS Naphtha,
FO, JP 5, Styrine
FO) etc.)
New Ammonia Storage 1 10,000 60 MT
Mangalor MT
e Very Storage 1 122,452 7,000 MT
Highly KL
Flammabl
e Liquid

DIRECTIVES TO DOCK
PROMOTIONAL ACTIVITIES
SAFETY INSPECTORS
• Inspection of MAH installations to be done once in a The MHCS Divisions and Cells, at Central
year. and Regional Labour Institutes carry out:
• The report to be submitted to the Chief Inspector of
Dock Safety (DGFASLI) within a fortnight. – Consultancy services on Hazard identification
and Assessment by HAZOP, PHA, Safety Audit,
• Annual report of the inspectorate to be submitted. etc.
• Improvement advices to be given in consultation with
Chief Inspector of Dock Safety (CIDS). – Risk and Consequence analysis of potential
• identification of the installations as MAH to be done major accidents.
within 30 days after receipt of the applications. – Training programmes on Chemical Process
• The major accidents to be reported to CIDS. The Safety for
analysis to be completed with 45 days. • Safety Professionals,
• Scrutiny of the mock drill reports to be done within 15 • Factory Inspectors,
days. • Workers representatives of Safety Committee
• Liaise with the District authority for preparation of off • management personnel etc.
site emergency plan.
 STATUS OF MAH INSTALLATIONS STATUS OF MAH INSTALLATIONS
(FACTORIES) (FACTORIES)

• 1724 MAH installations in the • 1724 MAH installations in the

country with 203 hazardous country with 203 hazardous
substances substances
• 1461 have prepared onsite • 1461 have prepared onsite
emergency plans till 31st July, emergency plans till 31st July,
2009. 2009.

SUGGESTED FUTURE ROAD

MAP
THANK YOU
• Minimize any possibility of a
chemical disaster by
– Ensuring that MAH units have adopted
all reasonably practicable means to
prevent any accident in the plant. ?
– Adopting adequate means to educate
public about the hazards and the
emergency response procedures.
– Promoting coordination amongst the S.S. Gautam
various agencies dealing with the
chemical disasters