G.Hofstede - G.J.Hofstede - M.Minkov - Cultures and Organizations - Software of The Mind 3rd - Edition 2010

Cultures
and
Organizati
ons
SOFTWARE
OFTHEMIND
Intercultural Cooperation
and Its Importance
for Survival
Geert Hofstede
Gert Jan Hofstede
Michael Minkov
|Mc
IGrauu
JHill
New Yorkrk Chicagoi San Franciscranciscoo Lisbonis LondLondon Madridarid Mexicoexi
CityCity Milan New Delhil San JuanJuan Seoueoull SingapSingaporere SydneySydney
Torontorontoo
Copyright © 2010 by Geert Hofstede BV. All rights reserved. Except as permitted under the
United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may be reproduced or distributed
in any form or by any means, or stored in a database or retrieval system, without the prior written
permission of the publisher.
ISBN: 978-0-07-177015-6
MHID: 0-07-177015-1
The material in this eBook also appears in the print version of this title: ISBN: 978-0-07-166418-9,
MHID: 0-07-166418-1.
All trademarks are trademarks of their respective owners. Rather than put a trademark symbol
after every occurrence of a trademarked name, we use names in an editorial fashion only, and to
the benefit of the trademark owner, with no intention of infringement of the trademark. Where
such designations appear in this book, they have been printed with initial caps.
McGraw-Hill eBooks are available at special quantity discounts to use as premiums and sales
promotions, or for use in corporate training programs. To contact a representative please e-mail
us at [email protected].
TERMS OF USE
This is a copyrighted work and The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. (“McGrawHill”) and its
licensors reserve all rights in and to the work. Use of this work is subject to these terms. Except
as permitted under the Copyright Act of 1976 and the right to store and retrieve one copy of the
work, you may not decompile, disassemble, reverse engineer, reproduce, modify, create
derivative works based upon, transmit, distribute, disseminate, sell, publish or sublicense the
work or any part of it without McGraw-Hill’s prior consent. You may use the work for your own
noncommercial and personal use; any other use of the work is strictly prohibited. Your right to
use the work may be terminated if you fail to comply with these terms.
THE WORK IS PROVIDED “AS IS.” McGRAW-HILL AND ITS LICENSORS MAKE
NO GUARANTEES OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE ACCURACY, ADEQUACY OR
COMPLETENESS OF OR RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED FROM USING THE WORK,
INCLUDING ANY INFORMATION THAT CAN BE ACCESSED THROUGH THE WORK VIA
HYPERLINK OR OTHERWISE, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIM ANY WARRANTY, EXPRESS
ORIMPLIED,INCLUDINGBUTNOTLIMITEDTOIMPLIEDWARRANTIESOFMERCHANT-
ABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. McGraw-Hill and its licensors do
not warrant or guarantee that the functions contained in the work will meet your requirements or
that its operation will be uninterrupted or error free. Neither McGraw-Hill nor its licensors shall
be liable to you or anyone else for any inaccuracy, error or omission, regardless of cause, in the
work or for any damages resulting therefrom. McGraw-Hill has no responsibility for the content
of any information accessed through the work. Under no circumstances shall McGraw-Hill and/
or its licensors be liable for any indirect, incidental, special, punitive, consequential or similar
damages that result from the use of or inability to use the work, even if any of them has been
advised of the possibility of such damages. This limitation of liability shall apply to any claim or
cause whatsoever whether such claim or cause arises in contract, tort or otherwise.
Contents
Preface xi
PA R T I
The Concept of Culture

1 The Rules of the Social Game 3
Different Minds but Common Problems 4
Culture as Mental Programming 4
Symbols, Heroes, Rituals, and Values 7
Culture Reproduces Itself 10
No Group Can Escape Culture 11
Values and the Moral Circle 12
Boundaries of the Moral Circle: Religion and Philosophy 13
Beyond Race and Family 14
We and They 16
Ideologies as Group Markers 17
Layers of Culture 17
Culture Change: Changing Practices, Stable Values 18
National Culture Differences 20
National Identities, Values, and Institutions 22
ii
i
iv Contents
What About National Management Cultures? 24
Cultural Relativism 25
Culture as a Phoenix 26
2 Studying Cultural Differences 27
Measuring Values 28
Dimensions of National Cultures 29
Using Correlations 32
Replications of the IBM Research 34
Extending the IBM Model: The Chinese Value Survey 37
Validation of the Country Culture Scores Against
Other Measures 38
Culture Scores and Personality Scores:
No Reason for Stereotyping 39
Other Classifications of National Cultures 40
A Second Expansion of the Hofstede Dimensional Model:
Minkov’s Exploration of the World Values Survey 44
Cultural Differences According to Region, Ethnicity,
Religion, Gender, Generation, and Class 45
Organizational Cultures 47
Reading Mental Programs: Suggestions for Researchers 47
PA R T I I
Dimensions of National Cultures

3 More Equal than Others 53
Inequality in Society 54
Measuring the Degree of Inequality in Society:
The Power Distance Index 55
Power Distance Defined 60
Power Distance in Replication Studies 62
Power Distance Differences Within Countries:
Social Class, Education Level, and Occupation 64
Measures Associated with Power Distance:
The Structure in This and Following Chapters 66
Power Distance Difference Among Countries:
Roots in the Family 67
Power Distance at School 69

G.Hofstede - G.J.Hofstede - M.Minkov - Cultures and Organizations - Software of The Mind 3rd - Edition 2010

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

G.Hofstede - G.J.Hofstede - M.Minkov - Cultures and Organizations - Software of The Mind 3rd - Edition 2010

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

G.Hofstede - G.J.Hofstede - M.Minkov - Cultures and Organizations - Software of The Mind 3rd - Edition 2010

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

What is the book about?

What dimensions of national culture are discussed?

Cultures

CityCity Milan New Delhil San JuanJuan Seoueoull SingapSingaporere SydneySydney

The Concept of Culture

Dimensions of National Cultures

You might also like