CHAPTER III

RESEARCH METHOLOGY

This chapter briefly presents the methods and procedures used by the researchers

in doing their investigation. It includes research design, subject of the study, experimental

research instrument and the procedure.

Research Design

The experimental method of research was adopted by the researchers to measure

and determine the effectiveness of potato and aloe vera as skin lightening soap. The

researcher controls the variables such as the potato juice, aloe vera gel, lye, olive oil, and

glycerine, then record the outcome and the results.

Burns and Grove (2003) define a research design as “a blueprint for conducting a

study with maximum control over factors that may interfere with the validity of the

findings.” This study focuses on the effectiveness of the extract of potato and aloe vera as

the main ingredient in making skin lightening soap. The research approach is

experimental method.

The experimental method is the only method of research that can truly test

hypotheses concerning case-and-effect relationships. It represents the most valid

approach to the solution of educational problems, both practical and theoretical, and to

the advancement of education of science. This design is classified into pre-experimental

design, true experimental, and quasi-experimental. Pre-experimental research do not have

random assignment of subjects to groups or other strategies to control the variables. True-

experimental research use randomization and provides maximum control of extraneous

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variables. Whether quasi-experimental research lack randomization but employ other

strategies to provide some control over extraneous variables (Ary, 2002)

Subject of the product

The subject of the study are the teenagers and any valued customer who are

willing to use the product.

Instrument and Materials

This includes the equipment, materials and materials used in the process of making

soap and its equivalent purpose

1. Mixing Bowls- serves as the container to mix the ingredients, also to store the mix

ingredients temporarily.

2. Knife- Used in peeling off the outer layer of aloe vera leaves.

3. Vegetable peeler- used in peeling the potatoes.

4. Measuring Spoon- used for acquiring the accurate measurements of the

ingredients.

5. Grater- is for grating the potatoes into finer pieces.

6. Blender – used for mixing the ingredients until it thickens.

7. Spoon – used in scraping the aloe vera gel.

8. Molder – used to cast the shape wanted by the researchers.

The Procedure

The Procedure is the step by step and systematic process of doing your project.  It

includes the materials with right amount of measurements, the appropriate equipment to

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be used in doing the scientific investigation.  It consists of several trials with control

variables, independent variables and dependent variables.  Gathering of data is essential

in any kind of research.  It is recommended to use control and experimental set-ups to

arrive at valid conclusion.

1. Harvesting of ingredients- Collecting and harvesting the fresh aloe vera leaves.

Pick the leaves from its roots using knife. The researchers pick the thickest leaves

because it contains a lot of aloe vera gel. While, in collecting potato it can be

bought at the market.

2. Cleaning- Place the leaves and potato at the sick and remove the impurities such

as dirt and wash it properly under the running water.

3. Peeling and Extracting - Using a vegetable peeler peel the potato carefully, after

peeling put it on a container with water to prevent the potato from getting

brownish because of oxidation. Grate the potato then using a clean cotton cloth

extract the juice of the potato. Using a knife carefully remove the green leaves of

the aloe vera, then scrape the gel from it and put on another clean container.

4. Mixing- Dissolve the lye into potato juice, and stir it with spoon until the mixture

cooled down. Gently pour down the olive oil and stir again until become thick.

Using a blender, slightly mix it for 10-15 seconds until it creates a very thick like

a condensed milk. Add the glycerine and drops of fragrance oil into soap.

Immediately pour the soap in molder. Tapped it to removed air bubbles. Let it

harden for atleast 24 hours

5. Curing- In order to used the soap safely. The researchers used the curing method.

Usually it takes 4-6 weeks for a soap to be completely cured but if the soap is

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 made in hot process it reduces the cure time. August 25, they mix the ingredients

and a day after, August 26 the soap hardens, after another 24 hours the soap is

melted by the researchers to make the curing time lessen. September 10 the

researchers notice that the soap shrinks its size a little and it start to have its

fragrance. September 25 the curing process is finished, the researchers remove the

soap from its curing container.

6. Storage/ Packing- soaps are best pack in a box. With its corresponding name,

directions, caution, ingredients and its effects on the skin of the consumers.

Price of the product: Php 85.00

Effects of the product:

 Remove Dark Circles

 Fight against fine lines and wrinkles

 Eliminate Dark Spots

 Treat Sunburns

 Help Lighten Skin

 Moisturize the skin without causing a greasy feel. So, it is good for those with

oily skin, dry skin, acne-prone skin and combination skin.

 Exfoliate Skin (Remove Dead Skin Cells)

 Improve Collagen Health

EXPIRATION DATE: two years after the manufacturing date.

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Trial Lye Water Potato Aloe Olive Glycerin Fragrance

no. juice Vera oil e oil

Gel

1 2 tbsp. 2 tbsp. 2 tbsp. 1 tbsp. 2.5 ml ½ tsp. None

2 2 tsp. 2 tbsp. 4 tbsp. 1 tbsp. 2 tbsp. None None

(hot)

3 8 tsp. None 10 tbsp. None 20 tsp. None None

4 8 tsp. None 10 tbsp. None 20 tsp. 1 tsp None

5 7 tsp. none 9.5 tbsp 3 tbsp. 20 tsp. 2 tsp 10 drops

Table 2. Trials and Measurement of the ingredients used

1st TRIAL

Procedure:

1. Prepare all the ingredients. For accurate measurement use measuring spoon.

2. Dissolve the lye into water, and wait until the lye cooled down.

3. Pour the potato juice and aloe vera gel.

4. And then, pour the olive oil.

Outcome:

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2nd TRIAL

Procedure:

1. Prepare all the ingredients. For accurate measurement use measuring spoon.

2. Dissolve the lye into hot water, and wait until the lye cooled down.

3. Pour the potato juice and aloe vera gel.

4. And then, pour the olive oil.

5. Immediately, pour it into molder.

Outcome:

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3rd TRIAL

Procedure:

1. Prepare all the ingredients. For accurate measurement use measuring spoon.

2. Dissolve the lye into potato juice, and stir it with spoon until the mixture cooled

down.

3. Gently pour down the olive oil and stir again until become thick.

4. Using a blender, slightly mix it for 10-15 seconds until it creates a very thick like

a condensed milk .

Immediately pour the soap in molder. Tapped it to removed air bubbles. Let it

harden for atleast 24 hours.

Outcome:

4th TRIAL

Procedure:

1. Prepare all the ingredients. For accurate measurement use measuring spoon.

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 2. Dissolve the lye into potato juice, and stir it with spoon until the mixture cooled

down.

3. Gently pour down the olive oil and stir again until become thick.

4. Using a blender, slightly mix it for 10-15 seconds until it creates a very thick like

a condensed milk .

5. Add the glycerine into soap.

6. Immediately pour the soap in molder. Tapped it to removed air bubbles. Let it

harden for atleast 24 hours.

Outcome:

5th TRIAL

Procedure:

1. Prepare all the ingredients. For accurate measurement use measuring spoon.

2. Dissolve the lye into potato juice, and stir it with spoon until the mixture cooled

down.

3. Gently pour down the olive oil and stir again until become thick.

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 4. Using a blender, slightly mix it for 10-15 seconds until it creates a very thick like

a condensed milk.

5. Add the glycerine and drops of fragrance oil into soap.

6. Immediately pour the soap in molder. Tapped it to removed air bubbles. Let it

harden for at least 24 hours.

Outcome:

Result

Potato is also called Solanum tubersum, this starchy crop is favorite of most

people. Potato juice can greatly improve your skin health it can remove dark circles, treat

wrinkles, eliminate dark spots, treat sunburns, helps lighten skin, treat dry skin, exfoliate

skin and improve collagen skin health, it tightens pores, make your skin firm and

improves complexion. Deliver anti-oxidants to the surface of the skin and also to calm

the irritation on skin.

Aloe Vera can moisture the skin without giving it a greasy feel, fights aging that

aloe leaves contain a plethora of anti-oxidants including, beta carotene, vitamin C, and E

that can help improve the skin’s natural firmness. Aloe Vera gel contains two hormones:

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Auxin and Gibberellins. These two hormones provide wound healing and anti-

inflammatory properties that reduce skin inflammation.

On the first trial, it was failed, the soap did not make any form of thickness. Instead,

the olive oil and other liquid solution become separated. It does not create bubbles also.

Then in the second trial, we add more olive oil and potato juice with the same

procedure and same measurement on the other ingredients as well. During the process,

the soap become thick then we let it to be harden in for at least 24 hrs. And the soap

become hard, but it is so easy to crush. Then the soap color is white with some dark dots.

And it has no smell.

On the third trial, we change all the measurement in our ingredients. As a result,

the soap was completely hard, has a fine shape and the smell was not strong to smell it.

We try the soap, and it feels sticky, it doesn’t give any bubble and it has a bit harmful

effect on skin.

On the fourth trial, it is the same process with the third trial. But the difference is it

has a glycerine where in the soap was creating a bubbles, and it feels sticky and has little

harmful effect on skin.

And the last trial, the soap was completely proper than to the other trials. The soap

creates a foam of bubbles, it feels so soft in hands and it has really good smell. And there

is no any harmful effects on skin even no stinging effect unlike the previous trials. The

last trial is also the final process done by the researchers for the final output.

Summary

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 There are different types of organic soap. In our study we will use potato (solanum

tuberosum) and aloe vera as main components of our product which is Potatovera.

According to NDTV Food, apart from shining bright in the cooking space, there are

several other uses of potatoes unknown to most of us. Its juice for instance, has long been

used in cleaning silverware, getting rid of rust as well as tackling skin-related issues.

Potato juice works as a skin brightening agent and it helps reduce dark circles.

According to Elizabeth Rocchino, aloe vera leaves secrete a clear gel that when

broken off from the rest of the plant that can be applied topically to heal wounds and

soothe skin. Various studies have been conducted to examine the benefits of the aloe vera

plant and it was found out that aloe vera does in fact have several properties that are

effective in treating a variety of skin conditions, from flaky or dry skin, cosmetic

ailments, hair and scalp problems to many more

The researcher decided to come up with a potatovera soap that can brighten and

moisturize the skin. The researchers use a measuring cups, strainer, grater, bowl, blender,

container and a box for packaging. The researcher conducted a questionnaire to the

students of STI Academic Center Batangas to test their product. They observe the result

of potatovera to the respondents.

Conclusion

Based on the conducted research the feasibility of potato and aloe vera as a

lightening soap is positive. The trials prove that the soap makes the skin softer and

lighter. The user can be 13 (?) years old and above and may be any gender. The soap does

not only focus on lightening of skin. Because of the many nutrients in potato and aloe

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vera that help in skin problems the effectivity of the soap extents in removing black

circles, eliminate dark spots, fight against fine line and wrinkle, treats sunburns, exfoliate

and moisturize the skin and improves collagen health. The harvested potato last for only

1-2 weeks and aloe vera last for 10 days (in the fridge) but our product can last up to two

years after the manufacturing date. The researchers recommend the future* users to do

the things that will help in improving a healthy skin, like getting enough sleep, for a

better effect.

Recommendation

The researchers of Patatovera (Potato and Aloe vera) recommends:

1. The researchers recommends the next researcher to continue and develop the

study.

2. For better lightening, you may choose fresh potato and new grow aloevera.

3. The researchers recommends on the teen-agers who are sensitive in Skin.

Because our product contains a lot of minerals that are good for the skin.

4. If it is expired, do not use it. It may result a lot of skin problems.

5. Check the expiration date.

6. look for the effects of our product.

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