SampleM 123

Mathematical Olympiads
December 13, 2017

for Elementary & Middle Schools
Name ____________________________________________________
:
2A Reduce the complex fraction to a common fraction in
lowest terms: . [Hint: Start with ]
2B A palindrome reads the same forwards and backwards. The

number 2017102 is a 7-digit palindrome . Let A represent the
least palindrome greater than 2017102. Let B represent the
greatest palindrome less than 2017102. Find A – B.
2C Thirty-six points are arranged in a E C

unit-square array as shown. Figure
ABCDE is composed entirely of D
straight- line segments with vertices
A, B , C, D , and E. A B
Find the number of degrees in the sum of the interior angles of

figure ABCDE. [The interior angle at D is a reflex angle
whose measure is greater than 180°.]
Name: __________________________________________________________________
2D Alexi opens his favorite mathematics puzzle book and notes that the product of the
page numbers facing him is 1,332. Find the sum of these two page numbers.
[Note: All pages are numbered consecutively.]
–
2E What is the greatest whole number less than 1000 that:

(1) can be expressed as the sum of two consecutive whole numbers, and
(2) can be expressed as the sum of three consecutive whole numbers, and
(3) can be expressed as the sum of five consecutive whole numbers?
–
SOLUTIONS AND ANSWERS 2A
2A METHOD 1 Strategy: Combine numbers starting at the bottom.
Start with . Then . Next, 3 + 5 = 8 and . 1/4
METHOD 2 Strategy: Use multiplication to simplify the complex fraction.
Multiply by the number 1 in the form of to get = 5. 2B
Then .
2000
FOLLOW UP: Solve for N: . [3/2]
2C
2B Strategy: Reason using place value.
Changing the digit in the units column forces the digit in the millions column to
change. Likewise, changing the digits in the tens or hundreds columns changes
540°
the digits in the hundred-thousands or ten-thousands columns. Each of these
changes would bring the result further from the original number than changing
the number in the thousands column. Thus the two closest palindromes to
2017102 would be 2018102 and 2016102. These numbers are 2000 apart. 2D
FOLLOW UPS: (1) How many 4-digit palindromes are there between 2017 and
3017? [10] (2) Consider using letters instead of numbers to form a 3 letter 73
“word” that is a palindrome (e.g. BQB). If a word consists of only the vowels
A,E,I,O,U, how many 3-letter palindromes can be formed? [25]
2E
2C METHOD 1 Strategy: Dissect the figure into triangles.
Draw and to form three triangles. The sum of the E C
angles in the three triangles equals the sum of the five angles
in ABCDE. The sum of the angles in any triangle is 180°, so
D
975
the sum of the interior angles in ABCDE is 3(180°) = 540°.
A B
METHOD 2 Strategy: Dissect the figure into 2 triangles.
Draw creating ∆AEB and ∆DBC. The sum of the angles in the two triangles is 2(180°) = 360°. Then
add the measure of straight ∠EDB (180°), which is part of reflex ∠EDC, to get the total for the sum of the
interior angles for ABCDE to equal 360 + 180 = 540°.
FOLLOW UP: Find the number of degrees in the sum of the interior angles of F D
figure ABCDEF. [720°]
E
B
A C
2D METHOD 1 Strategy: Use the idea that the square root will be close to the answer .
The two page numbers will be consecutive with one slightly less than the square root and the other slightly
larger. Using any convenient method, determine that the square root of 1332 is slightly larger than 36. The
two page numbers are 36 and 37. The sum of these numbers is 36 + 37 = 73.
METHOD 2 Strategy: Find two consecutive numbers whose product has a units digit of 2.
Determine by approximation that the pages are in the 30’s. Consecutive numbers whose product ends in 2
are 3 × 4 and 6 × 7. The possible products are 33 × 34 = 1122 and 36 × 37 = 1332. The sum 36 + 37 = 73.
F OLLOW UPS: (1) If the sum of the last 4 pages in the puzzle book is 786, find the last page number. [198]
(2) The sum of two non-consecutive page numbers is 45, and their difference is 27. Find their product.
[324]
2E Strategy: Consider the properties of sums.

The sum of two consecutive numbers must be odd. The sums of three consecutive numbers and of five
consecutive numbers must be multiples of 3 and of 5 respectively. (Consider the 3 consecutive numbers n,
n + 1, and n + 2. Their sum is 3n + 3, which is a multiple of 3. A similar conclusion can be drawn for five
numbers.) The number we want is the greatest odd multiple of both 3 and 5 (i.e. an odd multiple of 15)
smaller than 1000. Odd multiples of 5 end in a 5. Look at 995 (not a multiple of 3), 985 (not a multiple of
3), and 975 (a multiple of 3). Since 975 is also a multiple of 3 and 5 it is the greatest number less than
1000 that satisfies all three conditions.
Verify: 975 = 487 + 488 and 975 = 324 + 325 + 326 and 975 = 193 + 194 + 195 + 196 + 197.

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Mathematical Olympiads

December 13, 2017

lowest terms: . [Hint: Start with ]

2B A palindrome reads the same forwards and backwards. The

2C Thirty-six points are arranged in a E C

Find the number of degrees in the sum of the interior angles of

2E What is the greatest whole number less than 1000 that:

2E Strategy: Consider the properties of sums.

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