GPU (Graphics Processing Unit)

GPU (graphics processing unit)
A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a computer chip that performs rapid

mathematical calculations, primarily for the purpose of rendering images. In the early days of
computing, the central processing unit (CPU) performed these calculations. As more
graphics-intensive applications such as AutoCAD were developed, however, their demands
put strain on the CPU and degraded performance. GPUs came about as a way to offload those
tasks from CPUs and free up processing power.
Today, graphics chips are being adapted to share the work of CPUs and train deep
neural networks for AI applications. A GPU may be found integrated with a CPU on the
same circuit, on a graphics card or in the motherboard of a personal computer or server.
NVIDIA, AMD, Intel and ARM are some of the major players in the GPU market.
GPU vs. CPU
A GPU is able to render images more quickly than a CPU because of its parallel
processing architecture, which allows it to perform multiple calculations at the same time. A
single CPU does not have this capability, although multicore processors can perform
calculations in parallel by combining more than one CPU onto the same chip.
A CPU also has a higher clock speed, meaning it can perform an individual

calculation faster than a GPU so it is often better equipped to handle basic computing tasks.
In general, a GPU is designed for data-parallelism and applying the same operation to
multiple data-items (SIMD). A CPU is designed for task-parallelism and doing different
operations.
How a GPU works
CPU and GPU architectures are also differentiated by the number of cores. The core is
essentially the processor within the processor. Most CPUs have between four and eight cores,
though some have up to 32 cores. Each core can process its own tasks, or threads. Because
some processors have multithreading capability -- in which the core is divided virtually,
allowing a single core to process two threads -- the number of threads can be much higher
than the number of cores. This can be useful in video editing and transcoding. CPUs can run
two threads (independent instructions) per core (the independent processor unit). GPUs can
have four to 10 threads per core.
Specialized chips for processing graphics have existed since the dawn of video games in the
1970s. Early on, graphics capabilities were included as part of a video card, a discrete
dedicated circuit board, silicon chip and necessary cooling that provides 2D, 3D and
sometimes even general purpose graphics processing (GPGPU) calculations for a computer.
Modern cards with integrated calculations for triangle setup, transformation and lighting
features for 3D applications are typically called GPUs. Once rare, higher-end GPUs are now
common and are sometimes integrated into CPUs themselves. Alternate terms
include graphics card, display adapter, video adapter, video board and almost any
combination of the words in these terms.
Graphics processing units came to high-performance enterprise computers in the late 1990s,
and NVIDIA introduced the first GPU for personal computers, the GeForce 256, in 1999.
Over time, the processing power of GPUs made the chips a popular choice for other resource-
intensive tasks unrelated to graphics. Early applications included scientific calculations and
modeling; by the mid-2010s, GPU computing also powered machine learning and artificial
intelligence software.
In 2012, NVIDIA released a virtualized GPU, which offloads graphics processing power
from the server CPU in a virtual desktop infrastructure. Graphics performance has
traditionally been one of the most common complaints among users of virtual desktops and
applications, and virtualized GPUs aim to address that problem.
Ray tracing and other recent trends
A few recent trends in GPU technology include:

 As of 2019, GPU vendors typically provide GPU virtualization, and new and more
powerful GPU chips are coming out on a regular basis.
 In 2019, AMD introduced AMD unveiled, its full line of Radeon RX 5700 series
GPUs. The series is based on AMD's Navi GPU architecture. Navi is seen as an upgrade
to AMD's Graphics Core Next technology.
 ARM targeted the mobile augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR) market
with its Mali-G77 processors.
 NVIDIA continued to push its ray tracing capabilities, as part of its RTX platform.
Ray tracing is seen as the next-step in the evolution of graphics rendering after
rasterization. While rasterization uses objects created from a mesh of triangles to
represent a 3D model, ray tracing provides realistic lighting by simulating the physical
behavior of light by tracing the path of light as pixels in an image plane and simulating
the effects.
 Enterprise-grade, data center GPUs are helping organizations harness parallel
processing capabilities through hardware upgrades. This helps organizations accelerate
workflows and graphics-intensive applications.
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Unit Pemrosesan Grafis (GPU)
Unit Pemrosesan Grafis (GPU) adalah sebuah kepingan computer yang melakukan
perhitungan matematika dengan cepat, terutama untuk tujuannya dalam memberikan gambar.
Pada awal awal perhitungan, Unit Pemrosesan Utama (CPU) melakukan perhitungan-
perhitungan tersebut.

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GPU (graphics processing unit)

A graphics processing unit (GPU) is a computer chip that performs rapid

A CPU also has a higher clock speed, meaning it can perform an individual

A few recent trends in GPU technology include:

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