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Physicochemical Studies on Schizophyllum

commune (Fries) a Nigerian Edible Fungus

ARTICLE · NOVEMBER 2006

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Bukola Adebayo-Tayo Olukayode Afolabi

University of Ibadan Institute of Agricultural Research & Training
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World Applied Sciences Journal 2 (1): 73-76, 2007
ISSN 1818-4952
© IDOSI Publications, 2007

Physicochemical Studies on Schizophyllum commune (Fries) a Nigerian Edible Fungus

1
O.D. Adejoye, 2B.C. Adebayo-Tayo, 3A.A. Ogunjobi and 4O.O. Afolabi

1
Department of Biology, Tai Solarin University of Education, Ijebu Ode, Ogun State, Nigeria
2
Department of Botany and Microbiology, University of Uyo,
P.M.B. 1017, Uyo Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria
3
Department of Botany and Microbiology Univerity of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
4
Liverstock Unit Institute of Agriculture, Research and Training, Ibadan, Nigeria

Abstract: Schizophyllum commune a Nigeria edible higher fungus is valued for its high nutritional composition.
The major limitation to its availability and utilization is that it is seasonal in nature. The fungus was obtained
from dead wood and maintained on potato dextrose agar supplemented with 0.5% peptone. We observed the
effects of temperature, pH, vitamins and carbon source on the vegetative growth of the fungus. The result
obtained revealed that this fungus had its optimum growth at 25°C with mycelial extension of 102.97 mm. The
best growth for the fungus was recorded at pH 5.5. Riboflavin and pyridoxine were the best growth promoting
vitamins with mycelial dry weight of 100.85 mg/30 cm3 and 100.45 mg/30 cm3. Among the studied carbon
sources, mannitol and sorbitol stimulated the best mycelial growth of 110.15 and 100.45 mg/30 cm3, respectively.
The result obtained here will assist in the mass cultivation of this fungus and increase its availability to the
Nigerian’ populace.

Key words: Physicochemical Schizophyllum commune vitamin radial growth carbon source

INTRODUCTION decaying wood of Mangifera indica at the University of

Ibadan Botanical Gardens, Ibadan Nigeria. The mycelia of
Schizophyllum commune (Fries) is an edible this fungus were obtained using a modified tissue culture
mushroom which belong to the phyllum basidiomycetes, method of Quimio et al. [6] and maintained on potato
order agricales family Schizophllaceae [1, 2]. The fungus dextrose agar (PDA) supplemented with 0.5% peptone.
usually grow abundantly during the raining season and
frequently appears on dead wood [2]. However, many Effect of temperature on growth of S. commune: To
people who ought to make use of this fungus were determine optimum temperature for mycelia growth of
ignorant of it value. It is nevertheless, a very good source S. commune, the basal medium used in the experiment was
of protein, vitamins, lipids and mineral elements for those prepared as described by Kadiri [7]. The basal medium
who value the mushroom. Other mushrooms that are contained FeSO4.7H2O (0.01 g), MgSO4.7H2O (0.05 g),
valued as food among Nigerian include: Volvariella KH2PO4 (0.05 g), KCl (0.05 g), yeast extract (2.50 g),
esculenta, Psathyereilla atroumbonata, Pleurotus sp and KNO3 (1.55 g) and D-glucose (10.0 g) in 1000 ml of
Lentinus subnudus [3-5]. All these edible fungi are deionized water. The pH of the medium was adjusted to
seasonal; they are not available all year round. It is with 5.5. Thirty millilitres of the liquid medium was dispensed
this background knowledge of making the fungus into 100 ml flasks and 10 mg/100 ml of streptomycin
available for consumers all through the year that this added to suppress bacteria growth. The flasks were
study underscore. covered with aluminium foil, autoclaved at 121°C for
15 min, inoculated with 5 day old actively growing culture
MATERIALS AND METHODS of the mushroom using a 7 mm diameter disc and
incubated for 7 days at 0, 10, 15, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and
Sample collection and preparation: The young fruit 50°C. Each treatment was replicated three times. The
bodies of Schizophyllum commune were collected from mycelia produced were harvested by filtration through

Corresponding Author: Dr. A.A. Ogunjobi, Department of Botany and Microbiology Univerity of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria

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 World Appl. Sci. J., 2 (1): 73-76, 2007

pre-weighed filter paper. Mycelia dry weight and pH of RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
culture filtrate were determined from three replicates and
the average recorded The result obtained in this study revealed that the
best radial mycelia extension (102.97 mm) was observed
Effect of pH on growth of S. commune: The pH at 25°C among all the temperature tested (Table 1). This is
requirement of this fungus was determined by the mycelial the optimum temperature for the growth of S. commune.
dry weight method of Kadri [7] using a liquid medium. There was considerable growth at 30°C, but growth was
Thirty milligram of liquid medium was poured into each of minimal at 40°C, respectively. Temperature is found to be
the 250 ml flasks and the medium adjusted to different an important environmental factor that controls the
pH of 4.0, 5.5, 6.5, 7.0 and 8.5 with 1 M NaOH or 1 M HCl growth of most microorganisms. Fasidi [12] reported
that was added in drops. Each pH medium was dispensed that Volvariella esculenta was able to tolerate
into 100 ml conical flask and all flasks autoclaved at 121°C temperature range of 20-40°C. At low temperature (0
for 15 min and 10 mg/100 ml of streptomycin added to and 10°C), growth of S. commune was not observed.
suppress bacteria growth. The flasks were then inoculated Also, the growth of the mushroom was inhibited at 45
with 7 mm disc mycelia plug of 5 day old actively growing and 50°C (Table 1). The optimum temperature of 30°C
culture of the mushroom. The flasks were incubated at reported for V. volvacea by Akinyele and Adetuyi [13]
30±2°C for 7 days. Mycelia dry weight and pH of culture agree with this report.
filtrate were determined from three replicates and the The optimum pH of growth of S. commune was
average recorded. found to be 5.5 where the highest vegetative growth
was observed (101.05 mg/30 cm3). Akinyele and Adetuyi
Vitamins: The compositions of the basal medium used [13] reported the pH range for the growth of V. volvacea
were fructose (10.0 g), peptone (1.0 g), MgSO4.7H2O to be 5.5-8.5, while Kuforiji and Fasidi [14] obtained an
(0.5 g), KH2PO4 (0.05 g) and 1000 cm3 of de-ionised water. optimal pH range of 5-7 for Pleurotus tuberregium. The
The vitamins used were: Ascorbic acid, Biotin, Folic acid, growth of 98.86 mg/30 cm3, which was the second best,
Nicotinic acid, Pyridoxine, Riboflavin and Thiamine. These was recorded in the slightly acidic medium of 6.5 while
vitamins were supplemented in the basal medium at a the least growth (10.0 mg/30 cm3) was observed in the
concentration of 500 µg/1000 cm3. Riboflavin was carefully acidic medium of 4.0 (Table 2).
taken in dim light because strong light destroys this
Table 1: Effect of Temperature on Radial Mycelial Extension of
compound [8]. A triplicate set of 250 cm3 milk bottles
Schizophyllum commune
containing 30 cm3 of the medium with pH adjusted to
Temperature Mycelia dry weight (mg/30 cm3)
6.0 was prepared for each vitamin. The basal medium that (°C) mean of three replicates
contained all the vitamin sources served as control 1 0 0.00
while the basal medium without any vitamin source served 10 0.00
as control 2. The vitamins were sterilized by Millipore 15 0.00
filtration according to the method of Jonathan et al. [9]. 25 102.97a
30 98.13b
Effect of carbon compounds: The liquid medium used 35 63.80c
contained peptone (2.0 g), KH2PO4 (0.5 g), MgSO4.7H2O, 40 32.03d
45 0.00
(0.5 g) and de-ionized water to make 1 litre [10]. The liquid
50 0.00
medium was supplemented separately with 1% of each
carbon compound. Complex carbon compound were
Table 2: Effect of pH on Vegetative Growth of S. commune
supplemented at the rate of 10 g l 1 of distilled water. The
Mycelia dry weight (mg/30 cm3) Final pH of
medium without any carbon source served as the
pH mean of three replicates culture filtrate
control [11].
4.0 10.00e 3.30
5.5 101.05a 4.10
Analysis of data: All the data obtained from this 6.5 98.86b 4.70
investigation were analysed with SPSS a computer 7.0 90.00c 6.60
software package to determine analysis of variance 8.5 32.00d 7.92
and the tests of significance were done by Duncan’s Values followed by the same letters are not significantly different by
multiple range tests. Duncan’s multiple range test (p<0.05)

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 World Appl. Sci. J., 2 (1): 73-76, 2007

Table 3: Effect of different carbon source on vegetative growth of S. the best utilizable carbon sources having significant
communea effect on the growth of S. commune. Glucose and
Carbon Mycelia dry weight (mg/30 cm3) Final pH of manintol have been reported as good substrates for
source mean of three replicates culture filtrate vegetative growth [16].
Glucose 90.50c 6.85 This work has shown that significant improvement
Fructose 71.00d 6.91 in the mycelia growth of S. commune can be attained
Lactose 53.50e 6.90 through cultivation of the fungus on pH 5.5 and
Maltose 57.40e 6.80
temperature of 25°C. Riboflavin and pyridoxine promoted
Mannitol 110.15a 6.40
good vegetative growth and Mannitol and sorbitol were
Soluble starch 60.20e 6.37
the best utilizable carbon sources most suitable for its
Mannose 17.15g 3.77
cultivation. This result may provide a sustainable means
Sorbitol 100.45ab 6.46
of adding value to S. commune cultivation which will
Xylose 40.20f 5.35
result in increasing human protein.
Dextrose 40.50f 5.70
Galactose 60.85 e 6.22
Control 35.01f 6.70
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Column values followed by the same letters are not significantly different by
Duncan’s multiple range test (p=0.05)
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