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    Unit Digit Last Two Digits Notes 89 PDF

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    Shn
    1. The document discusses methods for finding the unit digit and last two digits of large numbers and expressions involving powers and factorials. 2. To find the unit digit, one can take the remainder when dividing the expression by 10. For powers, the base number's unit digit cycles with a maximum period of 4. 3. To find the last two digits, take the remainder when dividing the expression by 100. For numbers ending in 2, 4, 6, 8 the last two digits cycle between 24 and 76 with the power of 10.

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    Unit Digit Last Two Digits Notes 89 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Shn
    76 views5 pages
    1. The document discusses methods for finding the unit digit and last two digits of large numbers and expressions involving powers and factorials. 2. To find the unit digit, one can take the remainder when dividing the expression by 10. For powers, the base number's unit digit cycles with a maximum period of 4. 3. To find the last two digits, take the remainder when dividing the expression by 100. For numbers ending in 2, 4, 6, 8 the last two digits cycle between 24 and 76 with the power of 10.

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    1. The document discusses methods for finding the unit digit and last two digits of large numbers and expressions involving powers and factorials. 2. To find the unit digit, one can take the remainder when dividing the expression by 10. For powers, the base number's unit digit cycles with a maximum period of 4. 3. To find the last two digits, take the remainder when dividing the expression by 100. For numbers ending in 2, 4, 6, 8 the last two digits cycle between 24 and 76 with the power of 10.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    76 views5 pages

    Unit Digit Last Two Digits Notes 89 PDF

    Uploaded by

    Shn
    1. The document discusses methods for finding the unit digit and last two digits of large numbers and expressions involving powers and factorials. 2. To find the unit digit, one can take the remainder when dividing the expression by 10. For powers, the base number's unit digit cycles with a maximum period of 4. 3. To find the last two digits, take the remainder when dividing the expression by 100. For numbers ending in 2, 4, 6, 8 the last two digits cycle between 24 and 76 with the power of 10.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
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    Unit Digit and Last two digits


    Unit Digit : Unit digit represents the last digit of any given number or it is
    obtained by getting the remainder when the given mathematical expression is
    divided by 10.
    Example 1: Find the unit digit of N = 9382496,
    Here N is a 7-digit number where 6 at the end represents the Unit digit. …Ans
    Unit Digit of Powers of number:
    Unit digit can also be found when the given expression is in terms of power to a
    number.
    Base No.→ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    Power ↓
    1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
    2 1 4 9 6 5 6 9 4 1
    3 1 8 7 4 5 6 3 2 9
    4 1 6 1 6 5 6 1 6 1
    Note:
    From the above table it can be inferred:
    1. Any number raised to a power repeats itself after a power of 4. Thus every
    number has a cyclicity of 4 or less different digits as their unit digit. 21 = 2, 22 =
    4, 23 = 8 & 24 = 16 and after that it starts repeating.
    So, the cyclicity of 2 has 4 different numbers 2, 4, 8, 6.
    Same is true for 3,7 and 8 as given in the table
    2. 1n = 1 for any value of n. Same is true for 5 and 6.
    3. 4 and 9 has a cyclicity of 2. i.e. 41 = 4, 42 = 6, 43 = 4 and so on.
    Every number could be generally taken as having a cyclicity of 4 as far as
    unit digits are concerned for simplicity.
    Example 2: For the given expression (𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑)𝟏𝟐𝟕 , find the value of unit digit.
    Unit can be found in following method:
    Take unit digit of the base number which is 3. Now, 3127 . 3 has cyclicity of power
    4 after that the powers start repeating itself and yield the same no. Here, power
    127 = 4 × 31 + 3. Thus, 3127 will be reduced to 33 . Thus, 33 =
    27 which means the last digit of given expression(1023)127 will be 7.
    Ex.: (43287)845 = (7)4×211+1 = 71 = 7 will be the unit digit. … Ans
    Unit Digit for multiplication of numbers:
    𝑁 = 33 × 19 × 71 × 94 × 58 × 23, For the following expression the unit digit will be
    obtained by dividing it by 10 and finding the remainder:
    33 × 19 × 71 × 94 × 58 × 23 (+3) × (−1) × (+1) × (+4) × (−2) × (+3)
    →
    10 10
    (−3) × (+4) × (−6) 72
    → → + → 𝑅 = +2
    10 10
    Thus, 2 will be the unit digit of given expression.
    Alternatively, Unit digit can also be found by multiplying the last digits of
    the given expression
    𝑁 = 33 × 19 × 71 × 94 × 58 × 23.
    Here, 3 × 9 × 1 × 4 × 8 × 3 = 27 × 4 × 24 = 28 × 24 = 8 × 4 = 32 → Unit Digit = 2
    Unit Digit of a factorial of a number:
    Example 3: Find the unit digit of 724!
    We know that the value of
    1! = 1
    2! = 2

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    3! = 6
    4! = 24
    5! = 120
    6! = 720
    Since unit digit of 5! = 0, thus factorial of any number >= 5 will also have
    it’s unit digit as zero as 5! is always multiplied in any higher number
    factorial
    Thus, unit digit of 724! = 0. …Ans
    Unit Digit of powers of a power:
    𝟐𝟓
    Example 4: Find the unit digit o𝐟 𝟐𝟑𝟐𝟒
    Since 23 is the base number so we can treat 3 as the base
    Since 3 has a cyclicity of 4, so we have to divide the power by 4 and check its
    nature.
    Now Power is 2425
    Since 24 is completely divisible by 4, then 2425 will also by divisible by 4.
    Thus the power is of the form 4k and we know 34k = 34 = 1 (unit digit)…Ans
    Also, when powers are given in factorial, then the unit digit of the expression is
    calculated as following:
    Example 5: Find the unit digit of (𝟑𝟔𝟒𝟖)𝟐𝟖𝟑! ,
    It can be clearly seen that power 283! is in the form of 4k (As 4 is one of the
    multiplicative quantity in any number’s factorial that is greater than 4). Thus, 283!
    Will be equivalent to the power of 4.
    Unit digit = 84 = 4096 = 6 …Ans
    Last Two Digits:
    The last two digits represent the last two digits at the end of any given number or
    it is obtained by getting the remainder when the given mathematical expression
    is divided by 100.
    Ex.: N = 9382496, Here N is a 7-digit number where 96 at the end represents the
    last two digits.
    Similarly, 𝑁 = 28 × 19 × 71 × 96 × 58 × 23, For the following expression the last two
    digits will be obtained by dividing it by 100 and finding the remainder:
    28 × 19 × 71 × 96 × 58 × 23 28 × 19 × 71 × 24 × 58 × 23
    can be written as
    100 25
    (+3) × (−6) × (−4) × (−1) × (+8) × (−2) (72) × (16) (−3) × (−9)
    → →
    25 25 25
    +27
    → 25 → 𝑅 = +2
    But we simplified the given expression by dividing the numerator and the
    denominator by 4. Thus, we have to multiply it by 4. So, R = +2 × 4 = +8 or 08
    which represents the last two digits of the given expression.
    Last two digits of number ending with 1,3,7 and 9:
    For such number we have to make the unit digit = 1 and then the trick is explained
    in the example below
    Example 6: Find last two digits of (238641)386
    Clearly the last digit here is 1
    For ten’s digit we need to multiply the 2nd last digit of the base with the last digit
    of power.
    Here (238641)386 that would be 4x6 = 24
    And the last digit of that product is the ten’s digit of the expression = 4
    So the last two digits for the given expression is 41 …. Ans
    Now for 3, 7 and 9 :

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    We have to successively take squares until the last digit becomes 1 and then find
    the last two digits
    31 = 3, 32 = 9, 33 = 27, 34 = 81
    71 = 7, 72 = 49, 72 = 343, 74 = 2401
    91 = 9, 92 = 81
    Example 7: Find the last two digits of (17)263
    As mentioned above 74 has unit digit 1. So
    So we first need to find the last two digits of 174
    172 = 289
    Last two digits of 174 = 892 = 7921
    Now 17263 = 174x65 + 3 = 174x65 x 173
    Considering only last 2 digits 17
    174x65 x 173 = 2165 x 173
    = 01 x 13 = 13
    Last two digits of number ending with 2, 4, 6 and 8:
    We know
    2=2
    4 = 22
    6=2x3
    And 8 = 23
    So once we establish the method to find last two digits of the number ending with
    two, we can follow the rest of numbers using the above relation by breaking the
    number in simpler prime factors.
    21=02, 22 = 04, 23 = 08, 24 = 16 ………… 210 = 1024
    220 = (210)2 = 76 as last two digits
    Again 230 = (210)3 = 24 as last two digits
    Thus for 2 after every power of 10 the last two digits become 24 and 76
    alternatively
    i.e.
    Last two digits of following expression
    (210)odd = 24
    (210)even = 76
    Example 8: Find the last two digits of (54)283
    54 = 2 x 33
    So (54)283 = (2 x 33)283 = 2283 x 3849 = (210)84 x 23 x 8170 + 33
    Considering only last two digits, we get (210)84 x 23 x 8170 + 33 = 76x08x01x27 =
    16416
    Hence last two digits are 16.
    For numbers ending with 5:
    Tens digit of number or base Units digit of power Last two digits

    Even Even 25

    Even Odd 25

    Odd Even 25

    Odd Odd 75

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    Example 8: Find last two digit of 32673531


    As ten’s digit of base is 3 (odd) and unit digit of power is 1(odd)
    So last two digits are 75

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