Activity 17 The Respiratory System and Pulmonary Ventilation
Activity 17 The Respiratory System and Pulmonary Ventilation
Activity 17 The Respiratory System and Pulmonary Ventilation
School of Nursing
Name: Date:
Section/Group: Score:
54
I. Learning outcomes: At the end of the activity, the learner will be able to:
a. Locate and identify the organs of the respiratory system.
b. Describe the structure and function of the respiratory system organs.
c. Trace the path of air from the nose to the alveoli.
d. Explain how changes in thoracic and lung volumes and lung pressures result
in pulmonary ventilation.
e. Define and measure or calculate lung volumes and capacities.
f. Relate involvement of the respiratory organs to diseases or abnormalities in
the respiratory system
II. Materials:
Paper and pen Thorax model
References Upper airway model/chart
Spirometer Stethoscope
B. Physiology
Step 1: Take the respiratory rate of your partner in one full minute and record.
Step 2: Let your subject jog in place for 3 minutes. Then record the respiratory rate
– Her respiratory rate is 18 breaths per minute.
Step 3: Climb at least three flights of stairs. Record again the respiratory rate –
After climbing 3 flights her respiratory rate was 25 per minute.
B.1. What are the accessory muscles of respiration that your partner used
immediately after the strenuous activity. After climbing she used her
sternonucleidomastoid muscles
Step 4: Using the stethoscope, listen to the lung sound of your partner following
the figure below.
1|Page
Describe the lung sound that you hear from your partner’s lungs. Her lung sound
was clear and no signs of abnormal lungs sound such as crackling and high pitched
breath sounds.
As the stethoscope move down, describe your partner’s lung sound in terms of
loudness (1 point) As the stethoscope moves down the lung sound becomes louder.
Questions:
1. Based on the above data gathered, what conclusion can you make? (1 point
each)
a. In terms of respiratory rate Respiratory rate is increased after doing
strenuous activities and goes back to normal after few minutes of resting.
2|Page
exhalation when extra effort is not maximum inhalation. A normal adult
applied, has a vital capacity between 3 and 5
approximately 500 mL per inspiration or litres.
7 mL/kg of body mass
Step 2: Your instructor will blow the spirometer and note the level of the three
balls. (8 points)
Lung Volume ml
TV 500 ml
IRV 2100 ml What is the implication of the result? (1
ERV 700 ml point)
RV 1200 ml
Lung ml There is no lung abnormalities as results
Capacity show normal values.
VC 3300 ml
IC 2600 ml
FRC 1900 ml
TLC 4500 ml
3|Page
Pneumonia
Alveoli Bronchioles
2.1. Describe the pleural pressure in the pleural cavity. (1 point) During
quiet breathing, the pleural pressure is negative; that is, it is below
atmospheric pressure.
4|Page
4. During inhalation, the diaphragm contracts (downward/upward). (1 point)
Downward
5.2. While the fetus is inside the womb, at what age of gestation is the
surfactant sufficient to prepare the fetus to survive the external
environment? (1 point) 26 weeks of pregnancy.
5.3 Give 1 effect of insufficient surfactant to the lungs (1 point) The tiny
alveoli collapse with each breath. The baby will work harder and harder at
breathing, trying to reinflate the collapsed airways. As the baby's lung
function decreases, less oxygen is taken in and more carbon dioxide builds
up in the blood.
6. Describe how spinal cord injury affects the normal rhythm of respiration.
Specify the spinal nerves affected (2 points if answer is complete; 1 point if
incomplete; and 0 point if no answer) If the injury affect the neural circuitry
commanding the activation of the diaphragm,so are the intercostal and
abdominal muscles and without the use of these muscles, a person cannot
breathe as easily thus affecting the breathing of an individual.
BCcampus(n.d) 184 26.4 Acid-Base Balance Retrieved November 16, 2019 from
https://opentextbc.ca/anatomyandphysiology/chapter/26-4-acid-base-balance/
Boston Medical Center (n.d) Pleural diseases Retrieved November 16, 2019 from
https://www.bmc.org/pleural-diseases
5|Page