DATTA MEGHE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

Sector 3, Airoli, Navi Mumbai-400708

CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that, the following students have performed and completed Mini
Project satisfactorily in the subject Design with Linear Integrated Cicuits
Semester V of Bachelor of Electronics Engineering of University of Mumbai.

Name Division Roll No. Exam Seat No.

Practical In-Charge H.O.D. Principal

Internal Examiner External Examiner

With immense pleasure, we hereby take the privilege to present our project report on
“METAL DETECTOR USING IC-555”.

We would like to express our special thanks and gratitude to those who gave their
valuable time for helping us in completing this project.

Expressing our gratitude and thanking to our H.O.D. Dr. D. J. Pete Sir who provided
us all the required facilities for completion of the project. We would like to thank our Subject
Teacher Mr. P. Sushel Kumar Sir for his constant support and guidance from.

Also, we would like to thank Mr. S. B. Patil Sir, other teaching and non-teaching staff
of Datta Meghe College of Engineering & our friends who directly or indirectly helped us a
lot for completing this project.
 INTRODUCTION

In our daily life, we have got used to witness many detectors that detect metallic devices like
guns, bombs, etc. To prevent any unlawful entry of guns and bombs in public places, a security
system is developed by designing various electronics projects by using a proximity sensor. So,
a metal detector is used to sense any existing metal which is nearby.
A Metal detector is an electronic device which is used in many places like theatres, shopping
malls, hotels, etc., to detect any metallic objects like knives, guns or any other explosives kept
hidden within the baggages of person carrying them with bad intentions; such metal detectors
are especially useful to detect the presence of hidden items within objects.
A metal detector is an electronic device that includes an oscillator which produces AC
current that passes through a coil producing an alternating magnetic field. If a part of the metal
is near to the coil, eddy current will be induced in the metal and this produces a magnetic field
of its own. If another coil is used to measure the magnetic field, the change in the magnetic
field, the change in the magnetic field due to the metallic object can be detected.
COMPONENTS:
 555 IC
 47KΩ resistor
 330Ω resistor
 2.2µF capacitor (2 pieces)
 Buzzer
 LED
 170 Turns of 8cm diameter coil (any gauge would work)
 Printed Circuit Boards (PCB)
 +9 supply voltage
FUNCTIONS OF COMPONENTS:
 IC-555: The 555 IC timer here acts as a square wave generator and it generate pulses with
frequencies audible to human.

 Coil and Capacitor (LC): In these inductors there will be no solid core. They are basically
coils left in air. The medium of flow of magnetic field generated by inductor is nothing or
air. These inductors have inductances of very less value (few micro Henry).

 Resistors: Resistor is a passive two terminal electrical component that implements

 Buzzer : The output is detected using the buzzer. Whenever a metal is detected frequency of the buzzer
changes.

 LED: LED (Light Emitting Diode) is a two lead semiconductor light source. It is a p-n
junction diode which emits light when activated.

 9V Battery: The power supply is provided by a 9V battery.

INTRODUCTION TO IC 555:

The 555 timer IC is an integral part of electronics projects. Be it a simple project involving a
single 8 bit micro-controller and some peripherals or a complex one involving system on
chips (SoCs), 555 timer working is involved. These provide time delays, as an oscillator and
as a flip-flop element among other applications.
 Pin Name Purpose
no.
1 GND Ground reference voltage, low level (0 V)
The OUT pin goes high and a timing interval starts when this input falls
below 1/2 of CTRL voltage (which is typically 1/3 Vcc, CTRL being 2/3
2 TRIG Vcc by default if CTRL is left open). In other words, OUT is high as
long as the trigger low. Output of the timer totally depends upon the
amplitude of the external trigger voltage applied to this pin.
3 OUT This output is driven to approximately 1.7 V below +Vcc, or to GND.
A timing interval may be reset by driving this input to GND, but the
4 RESET timing does not begin again until RESET rises above approximately 0.7
volts. Overrides TRIG which overrides threshold.
5 CTRL Provides “control” access to the internal voltage divider (by default,
2/3 Vcc)
6 THR The timing (OUT high) interval ends when the voltage at threshold is
greater than that at CTRL (2/3 Vcc if CTRL is open).
7 DIS Open collector output which may discharge a capacitor between
intervals. In phase with output.
Positive supply voltage, which is usually between 3 and 15 V
8 Vcc depending on the variation.

WORKING PRINCIPLE:

The 555 IC timer here acts as a square wave generator and it generate pulses with frequencies
audible to human. The capacitor between pin2 and pin1 should not be changed as it is need to
generate audible frequencies.
In the circuit there is an RLC circuit formed by 47K resistor, 2.2µf capacitor, and 170turn
inductor. This RLC circuit is the metal detection part.
The coil wound here is an air cored one, so when a metal piece is brought near the coil, the
metal piece acts as a core for the air cored inductor. By this metal acting as a core, the
inductance of the coil changes or increases considerably. With this sudden increase in
inductance of coil the overall reactance or impedance of the RLC circuit changes by a
considerable amount when compared without the metal piece.
At first when there is no metal piece the signal fed to speaker/buzzer causes some audible
sound. Now with the reactance change around the RLC circuit the signal sent to speaker will
no longer be the same as before, because of this the sound produced by the buzzer will be of
different to the first one.
So whenever a metal is brought near the coil, the impedance of RLC changes making the signal
to change resulting in variation to sound generated in buzzer.
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

CONCLUSION:
Thus to conclude we have designed the metal detector using IC-555 which is very useful in
daily life, we have successfully completed the project, also we got to learn and experience new
topic.