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    Tutorial 04

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    Supriyo Dutta
    1. This document discusses various canonical transformations in classical mechanics. Canonical transformations are transformations between different sets of canonical coordinates that preserve the Hamiltonian structure of classical mechanics. 2. Several examples of canonical transformations are provided, including transformations between different coordinate systems as well as transformations generated by different types of generating functions. 3. The document also covers determining whether a given transformation is canonical, such as by checking whether the Jacobian is equal to 1 or if a linear transformation satisfies the symplectic condition.

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    Tutorial 04

    Uploaded by

    Supriyo Dutta
    191 views2 pages
    1. This document discusses various canonical transformations in classical mechanics. Canonical transformations are transformations between different sets of canonical coordinates that preserve the Hamiltonian structure of classical mechanics. 2. Several examples of canonical transformations are provided, including transformations between different coordinate systems as well as transformations generated by different types of generating functions. 3. The document also covers determining whether a given transformation is canonical, such as by checking whether the Jacobian is equal to 1 or if a linear transformation satisfies the symplectic condition.

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    1. This document discusses various canonical transformations in classical mechanics. Canonical transformations are transformations between different sets of canonical coordinates that preserve the Hamiltonian structure of classical mechanics. 2. Several examples of canonical transformations are provided, including transformations between different coordinate systems as well as transformations generated by different types of generating functions. 3. The document also covers determining whether a given transformation is canonical, such as by checking whether the Jacobian is equal to 1 or if a linear transformation satisfies the symplectic condition.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    191 views2 pages

    Tutorial 04

    Uploaded by

    Supriyo Dutta
    1. This document discusses various canonical transformations in classical mechanics. Canonical transformations are transformations between different sets of canonical coordinates that preserve the Hamiltonian structure of classical mechanics. 2. Several examples of canonical transformations are provided, including transformations between different coordinate systems as well as transformations generated by different types of generating functions. 3. The document also covers determining whether a given transformation is canonical, such as by checking whether the Jacobian is equal to 1 or if a linear transformation satisfies the symplectic condition.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    CYK\2019\PH403\Classical Mechanics\Tutorial 04

    Topics: Canonical Transformations

    1. Prove that the following transformations are canonical

    (a) Q = p−1 and P = qp2


    (b) Q = q α cos (βp) and P = q α sin (βp) only if α = 12 and β = 2
    (c) Q = tan−1 (αq/p) and P = 21 αq 2 1 + p2 /α2 q 2 where α is any constant
    

    (d) Q = aq + bp and P = cq + dp only if ad − bc = 1


    (e) q = P 2 + Q2 and P = 21 tan−1 (P/Q)
    (f) pi = Pi p2j and Qi = qi p2j − 2pi pj qj . (* Tough Problem *)
    P P P

    2. Determine the canonical transformations defined by the following generating functions:

    (a) F1 (q, Q, t) = 12 mω(t)q 2 cot Q where ω(t) is a function of time and m is a constant.
    2
    (b) F1 (q, Q, t) = 12 mω q − F (t)/mω 2 cot Q where m and ω are constants.
    (c) F1 (q, Q) = qQ − 12 mω 2 q 2 − Q2 /4mω where m and ω are constants
    2
    (d) F3 (Q, p) = − eQ − 1 tan p.

    3. Show that the identity transformations can be generated only by generating functions of type
    F2 (q, P ) and F3 (p, Q) and not by F1 (q, Q) and F4 (p, P ). Write down the form of F2 and F4 for
    this case.

    4. Show that the transformation defined by


    −1/2 −1/2
    q1 = λ 1 (2Q1 )1/2 cos P1 + λ2 (2Q2 )1/2 cos P2
    −1/2 −1/2
    q2 = −λ1 (2Q1 )1/2 cos P1 + λ2 (2Q2 )1/2 cos P2
    1 1
    p1 = (2λ1 Q1 )1/2 sin P1 + (2λ2 Q2 )1/2 sin P2
    2 2
    1 1
    p2 = − (2λ1 Q1 )1/2 sin P1 + (2λ2 Q2 )1/2 sin P2
    2 2
    reduces the Hamiltonian

    H = p21 + p22 + λ21 (q1 − q2 )2 /8 + λ22 (q1 + q2 )2 /8

    to K = λ1 Q1 + λ2 Q2 . Integrate the equations of motion and express the solution in terms of the
    original equations.

    5. Consider the Hamiltonian for small oscillations of an anharmonic oscillator of unit mass to be
    p2 1 2 2
    H (q, p) = + ω q + αq 3 + βqp2
    2 2
    under the assumption that αq  ω 2 and βq  1. Find parameters a and b such that the canonical
    transformations generated by F2 (q, P ) = qP + aq 2 P + bP 3 such that the new Hamiltonian does
    not contain any anharmonic terms up to the first order in αQ/ω 2 and βQ. Determine solution
    for q(t).

    6. Show that the Cartesian to Polar coordinate transformation in phase space if introduced only for
    coordinates given by {x1 , x2 , x3 , p1 , p2 , p3 } → {r, θ, φ, p1 , p2 , p3 } is not canonical but the transfor-
    mation {x1 , x2 , x3 , p1 , p2 , p3 } → {r, θ, φ, pr , pθ , pφ } generated by F3 = − (p1 r sin θ cos φ + p2 r sin θ sin φ + p3 r c
    is canonical. Write pr , pθ and pφ . Check if the Jacobian for the transformation is unity.

    1
    7. Let x denote the column matrix of canonical variables q1 , q2 , p1 and p2 for a system of 2 dof.
    Consider a linear transformation x → x0 = M x where M is a 4×4 matrix with constant elements.
    Show that this transformation will be canonical if M is symplectic, that is,

    M JM T = J

    where  
    02×2 12×2
    J=
    −12×2 02×2
    with 02×2 and 12×2 are null and identity matrices of dimensions 2 × 2.

    8. Show that the following transformation is canonical:


    √ √
    x = α1 √2P1 sin Q1 + P2 , px = α2
       
    √2P1 cos Q1 − Q2 
    y = α1 2P1 cos Q1 + Q2 , py = − α2 2P1 sin Q1 − P2

    with α is some fixed parameter.


    Apply this transformation to the problem of a particle of charge q moving in a plane that is
    perpendicular to a constant magnetic field B. Express the Hamiltonian for this problem in the
    new coordinates with α2 = qBc . From this Hamiltonian, obtain the motion of the particle as a
    function of time.

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