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SAC-OCDMA SYSTEM WITH EDW CODES OVER FSO UNDER DIFFERENT

CONDITIONS OF WEATHER

Article · July 2019

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

SAC-OCDMA System with EDW codes over FSO

under different conditions of Weather
1
Berra Salah, 2 Lazhar KASSA-BAGHDOUCHE, 3 Ashu Verma
1
Student, 2Assistant Professor, 3Researcher (Luz Labs)
1
3Dept. of Telecommunicationand Electronics,
1
University 8 Mai 1945 Guelma, Algeria

Abstract : In this paper, the Spectral Amplitude Coding Optical Code Division Multiple Access (SAC-OCDMA) is implemented in
Free Space Optics (FSO) using Enhanced double weight (EDW) codes. Simultaneous 7 users are catered at 10 Gbps over diverse link
lengths (2 km-10 km) and under different weather instabilities such as clear weather, light haze, heavy haze, light fog, medium fog
and heavy fog are studied over FSO link and results are observed in terms of Q factor and BER.This system has been evaluated
numerically and by simulation analysis by maintaining the transmitted power at 0 dBm. It is perceived that our system works for 10
km under clear weather condition.

IndexTerms - free space optic (FSO), spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-OCDMA),
Enhanced double weight (EDW), fog, haze.
I. INTRODUCTION

The Free Space Optics (FSO) nowadays is an established technology that is capable of transmitting very high bandwidth
information using the narrow optical beam from one point to another through atmosphere. FSO has emerged as a promising alternative
for long distance wireless communications systems with ability to resolve the existing “last mile” problems [1]. However, FSO links
are adversely affected by atmospheric conditions. Haze and fog contribute to major atmospheric attenuation in FSO links. The FSO link
offers some advantages to the ones offered by a traditional fixed link or those based on optical fiber [2]. Free space optical
communication is investigated with different modulations [3], different amplifiers [4], and multiplexing [5] [6]. Optical code division
multiplexing is demonstrated in different articles using different codes such as double diagonal codes [7], random diagonal codes [8]
etc. Multiple access interference and cross correlation is major issue in the OCDMA FSO systems. Prominent effects of diverse
weather conditions such as clear weather, fog, rain haze and deteriorate the system performance [9].
In this paper, the performances of the SAC-OCDMA-FSO system using EDW codes are investigated in the presence of fog and
haze.
II. ENHANCED DOUBLE WEIGHT (EDW) CODES
An EDW code [10] is used to reduce the PIIN and MAI in spectral amplitude coding optical code division multiple access (SAC-
OCDMA) system. To construct the EDW code, we assume the following condition [10]: The cross correlation between each two code
words must be equal to zero which means, no overlapping of bit ‘1’ between users.

Algorithm

The Generalized code construction algorithm is explained below:

The value of weight (W) and number of users (N) are chosen. Code length is given as L = N *(W-1) for W and N.
Basic Matrix (M) of size 2-(W-1) is constructed as follows.
𝑤−2 𝑤+1
[ ] 0𝑠 [ ] 1𝑠
𝑅1
𝑀=[ ]=[ 2 2 ] 2 ∗ (𝑤 − 1)
𝑅2 𝑤 𝑤−1
[ ] 1𝑠 [ ] 0𝑠
2 2
The complete code set is represented by matrix U of size N ×Lfor N users. The construction of U involves 3 steps in which
anintermediary matrix U’ is first constructed. M is repeated N ˗˗1times in U’ as shown below.

𝑅1 .. .. .. .. ..
𝑅2 𝑅1 . . . .
. 𝑅2 𝑅1 . . .
𝑈′ = . . 𝑅2 . . .
. . . . . .
. . . . . 𝑅1 .
[ . . . . 𝑅2 . ]
To completely fill all columns, basic matrix rows R1 and R2 are added to last row and first row of last column of matrix U’
respectively as shown below.

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)
𝑅1 ⋯ … … 𝑅2
𝑅2 𝑅1 … … ⋮
⋮ 𝑅2 … … ⋮
′′ ⋮ ⋯ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
𝑈 = 𝑁∗𝐿
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ 𝑅1 ⋮
[... … … 𝑅2 𝑅1]

The complete code set is obtained by filling up empty places in “U’’with zeros.

𝑅1 0 0 … 𝑅2
𝑅2 𝑅1 0 … 0
0 𝑅2 0 … ⋮
⋮ ⋯ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
𝑈 ′′ = 𝑁∗𝐿
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ ⋱ ⋮
⋮ ⋮ ⋱ 𝑅1 0
[0 0 … 𝑅2 𝑅1]
Algorithm is stated as:
• Choose W; N and calculate the code length L.
• Construct M as per Eq. (1).
• Repeat M in U’ as per Eq. (2).
• R1 and R2 are added to U’’ as per Eq. (3) and empty places in U’’ are filled with zeros to complete code construction for all
users.

Figure 1:Flow chart for proposed code construction[10]

Example: the number Weight W=3, number of users =3 U matrix is given by:

Wavelengths 𝜆0 𝜆1 𝜆2 𝜆3 𝜆4 𝜆5

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟1 1 1 0 0 1 0
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟2 1 0 1 1 0 0
𝑢𝑠𝑒𝑟3 0 0 1 0 1 1
− − − − − − −
𝑠𝑢𝑚 [ 0 1 0 1 0 1]
Sum Binary means that all of code are not overlapping each other we can detect only one wavelength.

III. IMPLEMENTATION OF SAC-OCDMA/ FSO

Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the SAC OCDMA based EDW code with SDD technique in the FSO communication system.
At the transmitter, the Laser is source light generation itcombine with multiplexing WDM and demultiplexing WDM both of them for
splitter the wavelengthto each user, data with independent unipolar digital signal is optically modulated onto the code sequence using
an optical external modulator (OEM). In this study Mach–Zehnder modulator is used. Then the modulated code sequences are
combined together and transmitted through the FSO link. At the receiver, an optical splitter is used to separate the different modulated
code sequences. The decoder which is based on the SDD technique will only filter the non-overlapping chips. The overlapping chip
will be discarded because it may cause interference at the receiver [9]. Then, the decoded signal is detected by the photodetector. In
order to recover the original transmitted data, the incoming signal is filtered using low-pass filter (LPF). In this study, optical bandpass
filters are used as the encoders and decoders.
Photodiodes are used to detect the filtered optical signal. An electrical subtractor between the two arms is used to cancel out the
MAI.

Figure 2: SAC OCDMA based EDW with DD technique in FSO communication system.

Table 1: Parameters of attenuation

Weather condition Attenuation Visibility(m)

(dBm/km)

Clear Weather 0.244 18100

Haze 2.6802 2800

Moderate fog 33.9618 500

heavy fog 330.6183 50

Light propagation through the atmosphere is affected by absorption and scattering of aerosol such as fog and haze [11].as the below
table 1 the difference weather condition has different attenuation.

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Simulation software Optisystem7.0 is used in order to evaluate and compare the performance of the proposed FSO system with the
Performance of the implemented system based on optical code division multiplexing over free space optical communication has been
design in this work. In order to study the system, spectral amplitude coding based on code EDW generation by Laser sources and
multiplexing by WDM (wavelength DivisionMultiplexing) in the system for supporting seven users at 10 Gbps bit rate. We use
Optisystemsoftware library are beneficial to check signals time to time and let us know about signal availability and faults. Therefore,
Laser is light of sources and generation carries waves and combine it with MZM and data in Figure 3. Figure 4 (a) depicts the optical
spectrum of first user and (b) represents the output of Combiner power forsevenusers. Basically, it provides the information about the
power on each carrier and also their centre frequencies. Further Figure 4 (c) represents the multiplexed signals of the total seven
users. It is perceived that stating frequency of the spectrum is 193.1 THz and it lasts till the frequency of 194.1 THz with the input
power level of 0 dBm. However, the output power which shown in the Figure 4 is less than 0 dBm due to the different insertion loses
of diverse components in the analysis system.

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)

Figure 3: SAC-OCDMA System of seven user’s detection based on FSO using EDW code

(a) (b)

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)
(c)

Figure 4: Optical spectrums of analysis system after (a) 1st user (b) 7th user (c) multiplexer
Clear Weather Haze Moderate Fog

35
30
25

Q-FACTOR
20
15
10
5
0
-5 0 2 4 6 8 10 12
DISTANCE(KM)

(a)

Clear weather Haze Moderate fog

0
0 2 4 6 8 10 12
-50
LOG(BER)

-100

-150

-200

-250
DISTANCE(KM)

(b)
Figure 5: Performance analysis of SAC-OCDMA-FSO system for clear weather, Haze and moderate fog varied distances in terms of
(a) Q factor (b) LogBER

Figure 5 shows to evaluate the performance of the system at diverse link lengths, distance is varied from 0 km to 10 km. Results are
analysed in terms of Quality factor and bit error rate at diverse link lengths under the effects of clear weather, haze and moderate fog.
Figure 5 (a) depict the performance of the system in terms of Q factor at diverse distance and It is observed that with the increase in
distance, Q factor decreases. Clear weather have a long distance about 6 km as attenuation is minimum and other case(haze, moderate
fog)is about (2.5-3km) as the maximal distance . However, Q factor ofclear weather is highest as compared to light haze and
Moderate fog. For getting the effects of haze and clear weather in the system, attenuations are varied from free space optical
communication link. Attenuations are mentioned in Table 1 with weather conditions in dB/km.
Figure 5 (a) depicts the performance of system at different link lengths in terms of Q for clear weather, Haze and Moderate fog.
Distance is varied from 0 m to 10 km. It is perceived that clear weather has greater performance deteriorating effects than haze and
moderate fog due to high attenuations. Major factors to degrade the performance of the systems are attenuation, dispersion and light
scattering. It is observed that maximum distance of 7km with Q factor 5.63 is covered for clear weather where distance in case of
light haze and moderate fog is 0.599km(5.17) and 0.1km (5.18) respectively.
Figure 5 (b) depict the performance of the system in terms of log BER at diverse distance and it is perceived that lower distance (0-2
km) has least BER than longer distance (10 km) under clear weather, haze and moderate fog has maximum. However, Log BER of
clear weather is minimum as compared to haze and moderate fog. Log BER of the analysis system at haze is lesser than moderate fog
and haze performance is followed by moderate fog respectively.

Table 2: Performance of the system of one user detection: Data Rate = 10 Gbps
Weather condition Attenuation Max Distance(m) Min BER Q-Factor

(dBm/km)

Clear Weather 0.244 5700 9.40523 × 10−8 5.18052

Haze 2.6802 2795 9.00424 × 10−8 5.18862

Moderate fog 33.9618 800 9.54518 × 10−8 5.17778

heavy fog 330.6183 100 9.38716 × 10−8 5.18088

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)
Figure 6 (a) and (b) represents the FSO performance at 10 Gbps when weather is clear at1 km and5 km distance. It is observed that
eye opening is more at lower distance and less at high distances due interferences attenuation, dispersion and scattering. Further
system observed under haze and results are degraded with less eye opening in this case than clear weather. Distances at (c) 1000 m
and (d) 2750 m where eye is more open at 1000 m. Further (e) (f) shows the eye diagrams under fog at (e) 500 m medium fog (f) 800
m medium fog.

(a) (b)

(c) (d)

(e) (f)
Figure 6 Eye diagram of different weather conditions at (a) clr weather 1 km (b) clr weather 5 km (c) 1000 m haze (d) 2795 m haze
(e) 500 m medium fog (f) 800 m medium fog

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© 2019 IJRAR June 2019, Volume 6, Issue 2 www.ijrar.org (E-ISSN 2348-1269, P- ISSN 2349-5138)
IV. CONCLUSION

In this paper, the SAC-OCDMA-FSO system using EDW codes is performed over free space optical communication. In our research,
we have a got a good distance for heavy fog about 100m and clear weather for 5 km. Work has been done at 10 Gbps for seven users
and system performs best under clear weather followed by haze and worst in case of fog. Maximum Distance achieved under clear
weather is 5 km, under fog is 2795 m, under medium fog is 800 m and under high fog is 100 m.

REFERENCES
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[3] M. Ijaz, Z. Ghassemlooy, S. Ansari, O. Adebanjo, H. Le Minh, S. Rajbhandari, A. Gholami, “experimental investigation of the
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