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    Urea Cycle

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    Ravi Singh Rathore
    The document discusses several key metabolic pathways involved in amino acid metabolism. It outlines the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the central role of the liver, and pathways such as the urea cycle, phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism, and the catabolic fates of amino acid carbon chains. Specific enzymes are highlighted for each pathway. The document also briefly discusses the glucose-alanine cycle and synthesis of non-essential amino acids.

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    Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Singh Rathore
    56 views6 pages
    The document discusses several key metabolic pathways involved in amino acid metabolism. It outlines the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the central role of the liver, and pathways such as the urea cycle, phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism, and the catabolic fates of amino acid carbon chains. Specific enzymes are highlighted for each pathway. The document also briefly discusses the glucose-alanine cycle and synthesis of non-essential amino acids.

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    The document discusses several key metabolic pathways involved in amino acid metabolism. It outlines the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the central role of the liver, and pathways such as the urea cycle, phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism, and the catabolic fates of amino acid carbon chains. Specific enzymes are highlighted for each pathway. The document also briefly discusses the glucose-alanine cycle and synthesis of non-essential amino acids.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    56 views6 pages

    Urea Cycle

    Uploaded by

    Ravi Singh Rathore
    The document discusses several key metabolic pathways involved in amino acid metabolism. It outlines the gamma-glutamyl cycle, the central role of the liver, and pathways such as the urea cycle, phenylalanine/tyrosine metabolism, and the catabolic fates of amino acid carbon chains. Specific enzymes are highlighted for each pathway. The document also briefly discusses the glucose-alanine cycle and synthesis of non-essential amino acids.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 6

    Overall Sources & Utilization of Amino Acids

    Gamma-glutamyl Cyacle – Meister’s Cycle

     3 Requirements:
    1) membrane-bound enzyme
    (Gamma glutamyl transpeptidase)
    2) a mol of GSH
    3) 3 moles of ATP
    Central Role of the Liver in Amino Acid Metabolism

    Urea Cycle

    Enzymes:
    1. Carbamoyl PO4 synthetase
    2. Ornithine transcarbamoylase
    3. Argininosuccinate synthetase
    4. Argininosuccinase
    5. Arginase
    Metabolic Pathway of Phe/Tyr

     Enzymes:
    1. Phenylalanine
    monooxygenase or
    phenylalanine oxidase
    or phenylalanine
    hydroxylase
    2. Homogentisate 1,2- dioxygenase
    3. Tyrosinase

    Catabolic Disposition (Fates) of Carbon Chains of Amino Acids


    Methionine

    Inborn Errors
    1. Homocystinuria
    - Deficiency of cystathionine
    synthetase
    2 Cystathioninuria
    - Deficiency of cystathionase
    Glucose – Alanine Cycle

    Synthesis of Non-essential amino acids


    1. Glycine Serine
    2. Proline Glutamic acid
    3. Arginine Glutamic acid
    4. Histidine Glutamic acid
    5. Tryptophan Alanine
    6. Phenylalanine Tyrosine
    7. Threonine Glycine
    8. Methionine Cysteine
    9. Aspartic acid Asparagine
    10. Glutamic acid Glutamine
    11. Pyruvate Alanine
    12. Oxaloacetate Aspartic acid
    13. -ketoglutarate Glutamic acid
    14. 3-phosphoglycerate Serine

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