Last Na Chapter 3

SAINT BENILDE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL (CALAMBA) INC.
Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna
SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS STRAND 1
Chapter 3
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
This chapter describes and discuss how the researchers gathered the
necessary data and information that used in the entire study. This shows the
research design, population and sampling, respondents of the study, data-
gathering procedure, instrumentation, validation of the instrument, ethical
consideration and treatment of quantitative data.
Research Design
This study utilized the descriptive method of research because it seeks to
determine through an evaluation process, the respondents level of awareness to
the 4Ps program.
According to Calderon (2012) descriptive method involves the description,
recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition or
processes of phenomena which focuses on prevailing conditions, or how a
person, group or thing behaves or functions in the present. It often involves some
type of comparison or contrast. In other words, descriptive research maybe
defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating
data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processes, trends and cause
effect relationships and then making adequate and accurate interpretation about
such data with or without the aid of statistical methods.
Descriptive research is a purposive process, classifying and tabulating
data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processed and cause-effect
relationship in order to answer question about current status or topic of the study.
It uses formal instruments to study preferences, attitudes, concerns, or interest
and satisfaction of a sample.
Therefore, this method is absolutely appropriate since the focus of the
study is based on the level of awareness of the beneficiaries on its program.
For primary data, basic information about the respondents, the personal
profile was included and for rating their responses, a Likert’s scale was used.
For secondary data, these were obtained through documentary analysis
with the use of pertinent published books, foreign and local literatures, related
studies and other relevant documents.
This strategy was considered by the researchers as the most appropriate
method for this study as it aimed to know the level of awareness of the 4Ps
beneficiaries to the program.

Population and Sampling
There is no sampling technique used to the study because the study used
total population to gather the necessary information. On the other hand, the total
population of beneficiaries in Barangay Masili, Calamba City, Laguna is equal to
108.
Respondents of the Study
The research respondents are the 4Ps beneficiaries from Brgy. Masili,
Calamba City. There are 108 respondents in this study with different
demographic profile. The researchers determine the total number of 4Ps
beneficiaries in Brgy. Masili by asking the Barangay Chairman. The Barangay
Chairman instructed the researchers to go to the Barangay Secretary to have the
list of 4Ps beneficiaries.
Data-gathering procedure
The researchers secured a permission from the Barangay Captain of
Barangay Masili to conduct a research and asked the secretary to have a list of
the beneficiaries in the said barangay. The secretary is also one of the parent
leader of 4Ps in Barangay Masili. She accompanied the researchers to conduct a
survey.
Instrumentation
The research instrument used in this study is a survey questionnaire. A
questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of series of questions and other
prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.
The survey questionnaire was approved by the research adviser and
anchored to the study’s theoretical framework. The researchers used the Likert
scale in survey questionnaire with the level of awareness; 1 – Highly not aware; 2
– Not aware; 3 – Aware; 4 – Highly aware.
Validation of the Instrument
The researcher asked two research instructors from Laguna State
Polytechnic University and one teacher from Saint Benilde International School to
validate the entire questionnaire. The researchers still ask the validator to
validate the questionnaire even it is already used in other studies. The first part of
the questionnaire consist of questions about the demographic profile of the
respondents in term of age, highest educational attainment, source of income,
number of children and years as beneficiary. The second part of the
questionnaire consist of: History (3 questions), Objectives of the program (3
questions), Selection and qualifications of the beneficiaries (5 questions),
Benefits of the program (4 questions), Conditions of the program (3 questions)

and Effects of the program (4 questions).
Ethical Consideration
The following ethical guidelines were put into place for the research period:
1. The dignity and well being of the 4Ps beneficiaries was protected at all times.
2. The research data will be remained confidential throughout the study and the
researcher obtained permission from the Regional Social Services Department to
use 4Ps beneficiaries as the primary subject matter.

Treatment of Quantitative Data
To achieve the fundamental thrust of the study, the following statistical
tools were utilized for quantitative data analysis.
1. The mean and the 4 point Likert scale was used to identify the level of
awareness of 4Ps (Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program) beneficiaries in
Barangay Masili, Calamba CIty, Laguna.
Scale Verbal Interpretation
43.50-4.00 Highly Aware
2.50-3.49 Aware
2.50-3.49 Not Aware
11.00-1.49 Highly Not Aware
The following are the statistical tool that used in the study together with
corresponding formula:
1. The profile of the respondents was determined by using percentage.
Percentage
P= X 100
Where:
P= percentage
F= frequency
N= total population of the respondents
2. The process of finding the “weighted mean” which is referred to as the
central tendency was used the formula given below:
3. Anova
Where,
F = Anova Coefficient
MST = Mean sum of squares due to treatment
MSE = Mean sum of squares due to error.
Where,
SST = Sum of squares due to treatment
p = Total number of populations
n = The total number of samples in a population.
Where,
SSE = Sum of squares due to error
S = Standard deviation of the samples
N = Total number of observations.
Analysis of variance, or ANOVA, is strong statistical technique that is used
to show difference between two or more means or components through
significance tests. It also shows us a way to make multiple comparisons of

several population means. The Anova test is performed by comparing two types
of variation, the variation between the sample means, as well as the variation
within each of the samples.

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SAINT BENILDE INTERNATIONAL SCHOOL (CALAMBA) INC.

Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS STRAND 1

research design, population and sampling, respondents of the study, data-

gathering procedure, instrumentation, validation of the instrument, ethical

consideration and treatment of quantitative data.

This study utilized the descriptive method of research because it seeks to

determine through an evaluation process, the respondents level of awareness to

the 4Ps program.

According to Calderon (2012) descriptive method involves the description,

recording, analysis and interpretation of the present nature, composition or

processes of phenomena which focuses on prevailing conditions, or how a

type of comparison or contrast. In other words, descriptive research maybe

defined as a purposive process of gathering, analyzing, classifying and tabulating

Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS STRAND 2

such data with or without the aid of statistical methods.

Descriptive research is a purposive process, classifying and tabulating

data about prevailing conditions, practices, beliefs, processed and cause-effect

It uses formal instruments to study preferences, attitudes, concerns, or interest

and satisfaction of a sample.

Therefore, this method is absolutely appropriate since the focus of the

study is based on the level of awareness of the beneficiaries on its program.

For secondary data, these were obtained through documentary analysis

studies and other relevant documents.

This strategy was considered by the researchers as the most appropriate

beneficiaries to the program.

Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS STRAND 3

Population and Sampling

population of beneficiaries in Barangay Masili, Calamba City, Laguna is equal to

Respondents of the Study

demographic profile. The researchers determine the total number of 4Ps

beneficiaries in Brgy. Masili by asking the Barangay Chairman. The Barangay

Chairman instructed the researchers to go to the Barangay Secretary to have the

list of 4Ps beneficiaries.

The researchers secured a permission from the Barangay Captain of

leader of 4Ps in Barangay Masili. She accompanied the researchers to conduct a

Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS STRAND 4

The research instrument used in this study is a survey questionnaire. A

questionnaire is a research instrument consisting of series of questions and other

prompts for the purpose of gathering information from respondents.

The survey questionnaire was approved by the research adviser and

– Not aware; 3 – Aware; 4 – Highly aware.

Validation of the Instrument

The researcher asked two research instructors from Laguna State

the questionnaire consist of questions about the demographic profile of the

respondents in term of age, highest educational attainment, source of income,

number of children and years as beneficiary. The second part of the

questionnaire consist of: History (3 questions), Objectives of the program (3

questions), Selection and qualifications of the beneficiaries (5 questions),

Benefits of the program (4 questions), Conditions of the program (3 questions)

Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna

SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING and MATHEMATICS STRAND 5

and Effects of the program (4 questions).

researcher obtained permission from the Regional Social Services Department to

use 4Ps beneficiaries as the primary subject matter.

Crossing, Calamba City, Laguna