CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 Overview
This report discusses the result of the developing a Hospital Management System. This project is
going in Information and Communication Engineering Department, PUST, Pabna .The aims of
the development of this project for providing a better service and facilities to the patient and
saves our time . This project also reduce the data redundancy and waste of time.

1.2 Background
Nowadays many systems have been developed to make life easier. The system will include
database that will record all the data. For the private hospital, usually they are using digital
system to record the patient information and other information that related to the hospital. There
are many systems for Hospital Management System, but it does not meet the local user
requirement that is still new in the electronic system. Here, it will be more explanation of the
system.

1.3 Project Description

Hospital Registration System is developed to improve the hospital management and automates
the workflow that happens in the hospital. This system is considering all the activities in the
hospital. Patient will make registration first. If the patient never registered before, patient
information collected and stored in the database. This will improve the record of the patient and
save the time during the registration. At this time, patient is assign to the doctor.
Once the patient gets the treatment, the doctor will send the report including the medicine name.
The staff will view the report and complete the patient record. After that, the staff will prepare
the bills for the patient. The patient can choose mode to pay cash or maybe the clinic is panel
doctor for the patient. Then the staff will update the medicine stock and the patient record will be
kept in database.
The hospital management system is very beneficial for a doctor. It will stores complete patient
record. The most important thing is it will make it easier for the retrieval of history information
of the patient. In case, if patient is allergic for certain medicine, the doctor may detect what type
of medicine.

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For the security, before the user enters the system they have to input their username and
password before log in to the system. The system has different access for the difference user. For
the management of the hospital, they may view the daily report of hospital.

1.4 Objectives
When developing the system, some objective has been outlined. First, to fulfill the requirement
for the third year project. From the technical view, the system will help to make it easier to
maintain the record of patient, doctor and medicine. It will help to reduce the number of lost
record for the patient. At the same time, it will improve the data retrieval. It will be easier for the
staff of the clinic to retrieve back the record of existing patient and doctor may view the patient
history. For the doctor, it will record all the profile of doctor if the hospital has more than one
doctor.
Furthermore, the inventory modules for the medicine will help in check the balance medicine
and the information of the medicine such as medicine manufacture and price. The system will
display if the medicine is running out of stock. The most important thing is the management can
view the payment record for the clinic. At the same time, the system may generate report for the
operation of the hospital.

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 CHAPTER 2

METHODOLOGY

2.1 Introduction
During the development of the system, System Development Life Cycle (SDLC) procedures will
be followed. In the System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), Structured Systems Analysis and
Design Methodology (SSADM) will be applied. SSADM phased includes Planning, Analysis,
Design and Implementation and Testing.

Figure 2.1: Design Methodology of Hospital Management System (HMS).

2.2 Planning
During this phase, the objectives and goals of the system were defined clearly include the project
scoped. In this case, the objectives and goals of the system are to improve the management
process in clinic and at the same way to improve process of recording data and data retrieval.
After this, the risks of the system are been identified and evaluated. Identify the tools that going

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to use in the development process
2.3 Analysis
This phase includes identifying the data, the functions of the system, and the requirements for the
system. This phase is divided into for sub-phases, which is content analysis, interaction analysis,
functional analysis, and configuration analysis. The content analysis will identify the content that
will be provided for the user. For the hospital management system, it will record data for patient,
medicine inventory and so on. As for the interaction analysis, interaction between the user and
the system is very important.

Therefore, there will be an interfaces for the clerk to register patient, doctor to view the patient
and billing to customer. The functional analysis consists of interaction analysis that defines
operations that will be manipulated to the content. The configuration analysis describes the
environment and infrastructure in which the system will reside. It also includes the review of the
existing web base applications system used for government and private organizations and the
comparison between them.

2.4 Design
In this phase, development of the system is based on the information during planning and
analysis phases. The design will include data storage, interface design, architecture design and
program design the development. The Entity relation diagram will be used to show the
relationship between the entities in the overall system. Meanwhile data flow diagram is design
here to show the process that will take place in the system.

2.5 Implementation
At this phase, all the design is transfer into the programming language. Prototyping approach
will be used in the implementation phased. It means that the system will be keep on building and
testing until the system meet the requirement during the design phased.

2.6 System Development Life Cycle (SDLC)

The software development life cycle (SDLC) is a framework defining tasks performed at each
step in the software development process. SDLC is a structure followed by a development team
within the software organization. It consists of a detailed plan describing how to develop,
maintain and replace specific software. The life cycle defines a methodology for improving the
quality of software and the overall development process.
The software development life cycle is also known as the software development process.

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 Figure 2.2: Software Development Life Cycle.

2.7 Expected Outcome

The system will be able to improve the workflow of the hospital starting from registration until
billing to the patient. At the same time, it will maintain all the data that can be accessed anytime.
The report generated will help the owner of the clinic to view the summary daily operation of the
hospital.

2.8 Significance of Project

The hospital management system will improve hospital operation for both staff and the patient.
For the staff, it will make it easy during registration process. If the patient is an existing patient,
they can easily retrieve back the record of the patient. For the doctor they can view history record
of patient. In case, if the patient allergy with the certain medicine, the doctor will give an
alternative medicine for the patient. For the management, it will help them view the report
operation of the hospital. The other thing is it will maintain the account for the hospital.

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 CHAPTER 3

REQUIREMENT SPECIFICATION

3.1 Introduction
To be used efficiently, all computer software needs certain hardware components or the other
software resources to be present on a computer. These pre-requisites are known as (computer)
system requirements and are often used as a guideline as opposed to an absolute rule. Most
software defines two sets of system requirements: minimum and recommended. With increasing
demand for higher processing power and resources in newer versions of software, system
requirements tend to increase over time. Industry analysts suggest that this trend plays a bigger
part in driving upgrades to existing computer systems than technological advancements.

3.2 Hardware Requirements

The most common set of requirements defined by any operating system or software application
is the physical computer resources, also known as hardware. A hardware requirements list is
often accompanied by a hardware compatibility list (HCL), especially in case of operating
systems. An HCL lists tested, compatibility and sometimes incompatible hardware devices for a
particular operating system or application. The following sub-sections discuss the various aspects
of hardware requirements.

3.3 Hardware Requirements for Proposed Project

Processor : Intel dual Core ,i3
RAM : 1 GB
Hard Disk : 80 GB

3.4 Software Requirements

Software Requirements deal with defining software resource requirements and pre-requisites that
need to be installed on a computer to provide optimal functioning of an application. These
requirements or pre-requisites are generally not included in the software installation package and
need to be installed separately before the software is installed.

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3.5 Software Requirements for Proposed Project
Operating System : Windows 7/ XP/8
Front-End : HTML, CSS, JavaScript.
Server Script : PHP
Database : Mysql

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 CHAPTER 4

USED LANGUAGES

4.1 HTML

Hypertext Markup Language (HTML) is the standard markup language for creating web pages
and web applications. With Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) and JavaScript it forms a triad of
cornerstone technologies for the World Wide Web. Web browsers receive HTML documents
from a web server or from local storage and render them into multimedia web pages. HTML
describes the structure of a web page semantically and originally included cues for the
appearance of the document.

Example
Hello World Script in HTML.

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>Example</title>
</head>
<body>
<h4>Hello World.</h4>
</body>
</html>

4.2 Bootstrap
Bootstrap redirects here. For the web design tool, see Bootstrap (front-end framework). For other
uses, see Bootstrapping (disambiguation).

In general, bootstrapping usually refers to a self-starting process that is supposed to proceed

without external input. In computer technology the term (usually shortened to booting) usually
refers to the process of loading the basic software into the memory of a computer after power-on

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or general reset, especially the operating system which will then take care of loading other
software as needed.

Some Reasons for programmers preferred Bootstrap Framework

1. Easy to get started

2. Great grid system
3. Base styling for most HTML elements(Typography, Code, Tables, Forms, Buttons,
Images, Icons)
4. Extensive list of components
5. Bundled JavaScript plugins.

4.3 CSS
Cascading Style Sheets (CSS) is a style sheet language used for describing the presentation of a
document written in a markup language.[1] Although most often used to set the visual style of
web pages and user interfaces written in HTML and XHTML, the language can be applied to any
XML document, including plain XML, SVG and XUL, and is applicable to rendering in speech,
or on other media. Along with HTML and JavaScript, CSS is a cornerstone technology used by
most websites to create visually engaging web pages, user interfaces for web applications, and
user interfaces for many mobile applications.

Example

Consider this HTML fragment:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<metacharset="utf-8">
<style>
#xyz{color:blue;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<pid="xyz"style="color: blue;"> To demonstrate specificity </p>
</body>
</html>

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4.4 Jaquery

jQuery is a cross-platform JavaScript library designed to simplify the client-side scripting of

HTML. It is free, open-source software using the permissive MIT License. Web analysis
indicates that it is the most widely deployed JavaScript library by a large margin.

jQuery's syntax is designed to make it easier to navigate a document, select DOM elements,
create animations, handle events, and develop Ajax applications. jQuery also provides
capabilities for developers to create plug-ins on top of the JavaScript library. This enables
developers to create abstractions for low-level interaction and animation, advanced effects and
high-level, theme able widgets. The modular approach to the jQuery library allows the creation
of powerful dynamic web pages and Web applications.

4.5 PHP
PHP is a server-side scripting language designed for web development but also used as a
general-purpose programming language. Originally created by Rasmus Lerdorf in 1994,[3] the
PHP reference implementation is now produced by The PHP Group. PHP originally stood for
Personal Home Page, but it now stands for the recursive back ronym PHP: Hypertext
Preprocessor.

PHP code may be embedded into HTML code, or it can be used in combination with various web
template systems, web content management systems, and web frameworks. PHP code is usually
processed by a PHP interpreter implemented as a module in the web server or as a Common
Gateway Interface (CGI) executable. The web server combines the results of the interpreted and
executed PHP code, which may be any type of data, including images, with the generated web
page. PHP code may also be executed with a command-line interface (CLI) and can be used to
implement stand alone graphical applications.

Example:

The following "Hello, World!" program is written in PHP code embedded in an HTML
document:

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Test</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php echo'<p>Hello World</p>';?>
</body>

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</html>

4.6 CodeIgniter PHP Framework

CodeIgniter is a toolkit for people who build web applications using PHP. Its goal is to enable
you to develop projects much faster than you could if you were writing code from scratch, by
providing a rich set of libraries for commonly needed tasks, as well as a simple interface and
logical structure to access these libraries. CodeIgniter lets you creatively focus on your project
by minimizing the amount of code needed for a given task.

4.7 Model-View-Controller

CodeIgniter is based on the Model-View-Controller development pattern. MVC is a software

approach that separates application logic from presentation. In practice, it permits your web
pages to contain minimal scripting since the presentation is separate from the PHP scripting.

 The Model represents your data structures. Typically your model classes will contain
functions that help you retrieve, insert, and update information in your database.
 The View is the information that is being presented to a user. A View will normally be a web
page, but in CodeIgniter, a view can also be a page fragment like a header or footer. It can
also be an RSS page, or any other type of “page”.
 The Controller serves as an intermediary between the Model, the View, and any other
resources needed to process the HTTP request and generate a web page.

4.8 MySQL Database

MySQL is an open source relational database management system. It is based on the structure
query language (SQL), which is used for adding, removing, and modifying information in the
database. Standard SQL commands, such as ADD, DROP, INSERT, and UPDATE used in
MySQL. MySQL used for a variety of applications but it usually used on Web servers. A website
that uses MySQL may include Web pages that access information from a database. Many
database-driven websites that use MySQL use a Web scripting language like PHP to access
information from the database.

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 CHAPTER 5

ONLINE HOSPTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

5.1 Hospital Management System

HMS runs on all standard hardware. The system is developed using MySQL and Developer
Forms database. HMS has the portability and connectivity to run on all standard hardware
platforms, with data security and easy recovery in case of a system failure.

HMS provides the benefits of streamlined operations, enhanced administration and control,
improved response to patient care, cost control, and improved profitability. HMS contains
modules such as registration, billing, pharmacy, management information system (MIS),
financial accounting and appointment scheduling. During registration, the reception module
handles in-patient and out-patient registration and admission, as well as online bed allocation.

The billing module facilitates cashier and billing operations for different categories of patients,
and automatic posting of charges for different services such as lab tests. The pharmacy module
deals with all medical items. Its activities include generating indents, issues to patients, returns,
updating daily stock positions and stock adjustments. MIS module helps generate valuable and
timely Management Information Reports that facilitate better control of the Hospital affairs and
enhance the efficiency of day-to-day operations.

5.2 Modules
The entire project mainly consists of 7 modules, which are:
 Admin module.
 User module (patient).
 Doctor module.
 Nurse module.
 Pharmacist module.
 Laboratorist module.
 Accountant module.

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 Admin

Accountant Nurse

HMS
Pharmicst Patient

Laboratories Doctor

Figure 5.1: Administration Module for Hospital Management System (HMS).

5.2.1 Admin Module:

 Manage department of hospitals, user, doctor, nurse, pharmacist, laboratorist accounts.
 Watch appointment of doctors.
 Watch transaction reports of patient payment.
 Bed , ward, cabin status.
 Watch blood bank report.
 Watch medicine status of hospital stock.
 Watch operation report.
 Watch birth report.
 Watch diagnosis report.
 Watch death report.

5.2.2 Patient Module

 View appointment list and status with doctors.
 View prescription details.
 View medication from doctor.
 View doctor list.
 View blood bank status.
 View operation history.
 View admit history. like bed, ward icu etc.

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  Manage own profile.

5.2.3 Doctor Module

 Manage patient. account opening and updating.
 Create, manage appointment with patient.
 Create prescription for patient.
 Provide medication for patients.
 Issue for operation of patients and creates operation report.
 Manage own profile.

5.2.4 Nurse Module

 Manage patient. account opening and updating.

 Allot bed, ward, cabin for patients.
 Provide medication according to patient prescription.
 Manage blood bank and update status.
 Keep record of patient operation, baby born and death of patient.
 Manage own profile.

5.2.5 Pharmacist Module

 Maintain medicine.
 Keep records of hospitals stock medicines and status.
 Manage medicine categories.
 Watch prescription of patient.
 Provide medication to prescriptions.

5.2.6 Laboratorist Module

 Watch prescription list.
 Upload diagnostic report.
 Preview of report files. like X-RAY images, CT-SCAN, MRI reports..
 Manage own profile.

5.2.7 Accountant module

 Create invoice for payment.
 Order invoice to patient.

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 CHAPTER 6

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

6.1 Introduction

Nowadays many systems have been developed to make life easier. The system will include
database that will record all the data. For the private hospital, usually they are using digital
system to record the patient information and other information that related to the hospital. There
are many systems for clinic management system, but it does not meet the local user requirement
that is still new in the electronic system. Here, it will be more explanation of the system.

6.2 Project Output

Figure 6.1: Admin access area of Hospital Management System (HMS).

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 Figure 6.2: Blood Bank of Hospital Management System (HMS).

6.3 Result and Discussion

The study indicates that maximum user's expectations were supported. The Hospital
Management System software meets user requirement relating to entering patient data. It shows
the number of patients registered in the hospital database. The system also was able to show
patients past medical records such as diagnosis, drug prescription and dosage (figures 3 and 4).
The system also gives the number of in-patients in the hospital at that particular time and what
they are being treated for . A drug database was also established, where the pharmacy can input
the particular type of drug available at that particular time so that doctors can know which drugs
are readily available to be prescribed to patients

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 CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION

7.1 Introduction

The hosptal management system will improve hospital operation for both staff and the patient.
For the staff, it will make it easy during registration process. If the patient is an existing patient,
they can easily retrieve back the record of the patient. For the doctor they can view history record
of patient. In case, if the patient allergy with the certain medicine, the doctor will give an
alternative medicine for the patient. For the management, it will help them view the report
operation of the hospital. The other thing is it will maintain the account for the hospital.

7.2 Conclusion

The whole systems activities are divided into three major parts like patients, doctors, and admin.
Each one has their own role to perform and system respond accordingly. Several agents have
been created using web services and inter agent communication is done. Ontologies in form of
xml are used for storing information. Different ontologies have been created for different
purpose. For implementing the system PHP, Codeigniter Framework, MYSQL Database,
HTML, jQuery, CSS are used. Current Dialog patient conversation and News part are dynamic
and it is a part of Content Management System (CMS). Some parts used CMS concept and
works exactly like them. In CMS also xml files are used for managing the states and information.
In this system ontology plays similar role.

The system comprise of following features:

 Management of Doctors.
 Management of Patients.
 Management of Schedules of Doctor.
 Management of Patients Appointments.

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 CHAPTER 8

REFERENCES

1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming_language
2. http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/p/proglang.htm
3. http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/h/html.htm
4. http://www.codingunit.com/php-tutorial-language-introduction
5. http://www.crockford.com/javascript/javascript.html
6. http://www.inmotionhosting.com/support/edu/joomla-3/using-bootstrap/what-is-
bootstrap
7. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bootstrap_(front-end_framework)
8. ]http://stackoverflow.com/questions/14546709/what-is-bootstrap
9. http://www.creativeworld9.com/2011/03/abstract-on-e-commerce.html

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