Motor Kohler XT7

XT-6, XTR-6, XT6.5, XT6.
75, XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

Service Manual
IMPORTANT: Read all safety precautions and instructions carefully before operating equipment. Refer to operating
instruction of equipment that this engine powers.
Ensure engine is stopped and level before performing any maintenance or service.
2 Safety
3 Maintenance
5 Specifications
10 Tools and Aids
13 Troubleshooting
17 Air Cleaner/Intake
18 Fuel System
24 Governor System
26 Lubrication System
27 Electrical System
31 Starter System
33 Disassembly/Inspection and Service
45 Reassembly
14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 1

Safety
SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
WARNING: A hazard that could result in death, serious injury, or substantial property damage.
CAUTION: A hazard that could result in minor personal injury or property damage.
NOTE: is used to notify people of important installation, operation, or maintenance information.
WARNING WARNING CAUTION

Explosive Fuel can cause Accidental Starts can Electrical Shock can
fires and severe burns. cause severe injury or cause injury.
Do not fill fuel tank while death. Do not touch wires while
engine is hot or running. Disconnect and ground engine is running.
Gasoline is extremely flammable spark plug lead(s) before
and its vapors can explode if servicing. CAUTION
ignited. Store gasoline only in
approved containers, in well Before working on engine or Damaging Crankshaft
ventilated, unoccupied buildings, equipment, disable engine as and Flywheel can cause
away from sparks or flames. follows: 1) Disconnect spark plug personal injury.
Spilled fuel could ignite if it comes lead(s). 2) Disconnect negative (–)
in contact with hot parts or sparks battery cable from battery.
from ignition. Never use gasoline
as a cleaning agent. WARNING Using improper procedures can
lead to broken fragments. Broken
Hot Parts can cause fragments could be thrown from
WARNING severe burns. engine. Always observe and use
Rotating Parts can cause Do not touch engine precautions and procedures when
severe injury. while operating or just installing flywheel.
Stay away while engine after stopping.
is in operation. Never operate engine with heat WARNING
Keep hands, feet, hair, and shields or guards removed. Uncoiling Spring can
clothing away from all moving cause severe injury.
parts to prevent injury. Never WARNING
operate engine with covers, Wear safety goggles or
shrouds, or guards removed. Cleaning Solvents can face protection when
cause severe injury or servicing retractable
death. starter.
WARNING
Use only in well Retractable starters contain a
Carbon Monoxide can ventilated areas away powerful, recoil spring that is
cause severe nausea, from ignition sources. under tension. Always wear safety
fainting or death. goggles when servicing retractable
Carburetor cleaners and solvents
Avoid inhaling exhaust are extremely flammable. Follow starters and carefully follow
fumes. cleaner manufacturer’s warnings instructions in Retractable Starter
and instructions on its proper and for relieving spring tension.
Engine exhaust gases contain
poisonous carbon monoxide. safe use. Never use gasoline as a
Carbon monoxide is odorless, cleaning agent.
colorless, and can cause death if
inhaled.
2 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

Maintenance
MAINTENANCE INSTRUCTIONS
WARNING
Accidental Starts can cause severe injury or Before working on engine or equipment, disable engine as
death. follows: 1) Disconnect spark plug lead(s). 2) Disconnect
negative (–) battery cable from battery.
Disconnect and ground spark plug lead(s)
before servicing.
Normal maintenance, replacement or repair of emission control devices and systems may be performed by any repair
establishment or individual; however, warranty repairs must be performed by a Kohler authorized dealer.
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
After first 3-5 Hours
● Change oil. Lubrication System
Every 25 Hours or Annually¹

● Service/replace precleaner. Air Cleaner/Intake
● Check air cleaner for dirty, loose or damaged parts. Air Cleaner/Intake
Every 50 Hours or Annually

● Change oil. Lubrication System
● Replace fuel filter (if equipped).

● Replace air cleaner element. Air Cleaner/Intake

● Replace spark plug and set gap. Electrical System
● Clean spark arrestor (if equipped).
Every 100 Hours or Annually²

● Have combustion chamber decarbonized.
1
Perform these procedures more frequently under severe, dusty, dirty conditions.
2
Have a Kohler authorized dealer perform this service.
REPAIRS/SERVICE PARTS
Kohler genuine service parts can be purchased from Kohler authorized dealers. To find a local Kohler authorized
dealer visit KohlerEngines.com or call 1-800-544-2444 (U.S. and Canada).

Maintenance
OIL RECOMMENDATIONS STORAGE

We recommend use of Kohler oils for best performance. If engine will be out of service for 2 months or more
Other high-quality detergent oils (including synthetic) follow procedure below.
of API (American Petroleum Institute) service class SJ 1. Add Kohler PRO Series fuel treatment or equivalent
or higher are acceptable. Select viscosity based on to fuel tank. Run engine 2-3 minutes to get stabilized
air temperature at time of operation as shown in table fuel into fuel system (failures due to untreated fuel
below. are not warrantable).
2. Change oil while engine is still warm from operation.
Remove spark plug(s) and pour about 1 oz. of
engine oil into cylinder(s). Replace spark plug(s) and
crank engine slowly to distribute oil.
3. Disconnect negative (-) battery cable.
4. Store engine in a clean, dry place.
FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS
WARNING
Explosive Fuel can cause fires and severe
burns.
Do not fill fuel tank while engine is hot or
running.
Gasoline is extremely flammable and its vapors can
explode if ignited. Store gasoline only in approved
containers, in well ventilated, unoccupied buildings,
away from sparks or flames. Spilled fuel could ignite
if it comes in contact with hot parts or sparks from
ignition. Never use gasoline as a cleaning agent.
NOTE: E15, E20 and E85 are NOT approved and

should NOT be used; effects of old, stale or
contaminated fuel are not warrantable.
Fuel must meet these requirements:
● Clean, fresh, unleaded gasoline.
● Octane rating of 87 (R+M)/2 or higher.
● Research Octane Number (RON) 90 octane minimum.
● Gasoline up to 10% ethyl alcohol, 90% unleaded is
acceptable.
● Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether (MTBE) and unleaded
gasoline blend (max 15% MTBE by volume) are
approved.
● Do not add oil to gasoline.
● Do not overfill fuel tank.
● Do not use gasoline older than 30 days.

Specifications
ENGINE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS

Kohler engine identification numbers (model, specification and serial) should be referenced for efficient repair,
ordering correct parts, and engine replacement.
Model . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XT-6
Courage Engine
Vertical Shaft
Numerical Designation
Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . XT149-0001
Serial . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4223500328
Year Manufactured Code Factory Code
Code Year
41 2011
42 2012
43 2013
GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS3,6 XT-6, XTR-6 XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

XT6.5, XT6.75
Bore 65 mm (2.6 in.) 70 mm (2.8 in.)
Stroke 45 mm (1.8 in.)
Displacement 149 cc (9.1 cu. in.) 173 cc (10.6 cu. in.)
Oil Capacity (refill) 0.6 L (20 oz.)
Maximum Angle of Operation (@ full oil level)4 20°
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS3,5 XT-6, XTR-6, XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

XT6.5, XT6.75
Air Cleaner Base

Stud Fastener 8 N·m (71 in. lb.)
Crankcase Fastener 8 N·m (71 in. lb.)
Blower Housing
Stud 10 N·m (88 in. lb.)
Nut 8 N·m (70 in. lb.)
Brake
Mounting Fastener 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.)
Breather Cover
Fastener 10 N·m (88 in. lb.)
Carburetor
Stud Fastener 8 N·m (71 in. lb.)
Connecting Rod
Cap Fastener (torque in increments) 12.5 N·m (110 in. lb.)
3
Values are in Metric units. Values in parentheses are English equivalents.
4
Exceeding maximum angle of operation may cause engine damage from insufficient lubrication.
5
Lubricate threads with engine oil prior to assembly.
6
Any and all horsepower (hp) references by Kohler are Certified Power Ratings and per SAE J1940 & J1995 hp
standards. Details on Certified Power Ratings can be found at KohlerEngines.com.
Specifications
TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS3,5 XT-6, XTR-6, XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

XT6.5, XT6.75
Crankcase
Oil Drain Plug7 13.6 N·m (120 in. lb.)
Oil Pan Screw 11.0 N·m (98 in. lb.) 14.7 N·m (130 in. lb.)
Cylinder Head
Fastener (torque in 2 increments) first to 14 N·m (123 in. lb.)
finally to 27.8 N·m (246 in. lb.)
Flywheel
Retaining Nut 51.5 N·m (38 ft. lb.)
Fuel Tank
Bracket to Crankcase Stud 8 N·m (71 in. lb.)
Bracket to Tank Fastener 4.5 N·m (40 in. lb.)
Governor
Lever Fastener 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.)
Gear Fastener 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.)
Ignition
Spark Plug 27 N·m (20 ft. lb.)
Module Fastener 10 N·m (88 in. lb.)
Screw 10 N·m (88 in. lb.)
Muffler
Exhaust Stud 5.0 N·m (44 in. lb.)
Exhaust Stud Nut Fastener 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.)
Retractable Starter
Rocker Arm
Stud 13.6 N·m (120 in. lb.)
Pivot Jam Nut 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.)
Speed Control
Bracket Assembly Fastener 8 N·m (71 in. lb.)
Valve Cover
3
5
Lubricate threads with engine oil prior to assembly.
7
Apply thread sealant around three full threads before assembly. No excess sealant allowed on inside or outside of
joint. Threads with preapplied sealant do not require use of additional sealant. Approved sealants include Perma-Loc
LH 150, Perma-Loc MM 115, Perma-Loc HH 120, Perma-Loc HL 126.
Specifications
CLEARANCE SPECIFICATIONS3 XT-6, XTR-6 XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

XT6.5, XT6.75
Camshaft
End Play 0.3/0.85 mm (0.0118/0.0335 in.)
Running Clearance 0.013/0.0555 mm (0.00051/0.00217 in.)
Connecting Rod
Connecting Rod-to-Crankpin Running Clearance
New 0.025/0.045 mm (0.0009/0.0017 in.)
Connecting Rod-to-Crankpin Side Clearance
New 0.03/0.48 mm 0.13/0.58 mm
(0.00118/0.0189 in.) (0.0051/0.0228 in.)
Connecting Rod-to-Piston Pin Running Clearance 0.008/0.025 mm (0.0003/0.0009 in.)
Piston Pin End I.D. New @ 21°C (70°F) 13.006/13.017 mm 18.006/18.017 mm
(0.5120/0.5125 in.) (0.7088/0.7093 in.)
Crankcase
Governor Cross Shaft Bore I.D.
New 6.000/6.024 mm (0.2362/0.2372 in.)
Crankshaft
End Play (free) 0.427/1.298 mm (0.0168/0.05110 in.)
Bore in Oil Pan I.D.
Early Models 25.400/25.421 mm (0.9999/1.0008 in.)
Later Models 27.050/27.071 mm (1.06496/1.06578 in.)
Bore in Oil Pan Running Clearance
Bearing (flywheel) Journal O.D.
Early Models 24.975/24.989 mm 24.975/24.989 mm
(0.9832/0.9838 in.) (0.9832/0.9838 in.)
Later Models 25.005/25.019 mm 24.975/24.989 mm
(0.9844/0.9850 in.) (0.9832/0.9838 in.)
Max. Taper 0.025 mm (0.0009 in.) 0.025 mm (0.0009 in.)
Max. Out-of-Round 0.025 mm (0.0009 in.) 0.025 mm (0.0009 in.)
Bearing (PTO) Journal O.D.
Max. Taper 0.025 mm (0.0009 in.)
Max. Out-of-Round 0.025 mm (0.0009 in.)
Connecting Rod Journal O.D.
New 25.985/25.995 mm 29.985/29.995 mm
(1.0230/1.0234 in.) (1.1805/1.1809 in.)
Max. Taper 0.010 mm (0.0004 in.) 0.010 mm (0.0004 in.)
Max. Out-of-Round 0.010 mm (0.0004 in.) 0.010 mm (0.0004 in.)
Cylinder Bore
Bore I.D. 65.00/65.02 mm 70.00/70.02 mm
(2.559/2.560 in.) (2.755/2.756 in.)
Max. Out-of-Round 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.)
Max. Taper 0.0127 mm (0.0005 in.)
Cylinder Head
Max. Out-of-Flatness 0.08 mm (0.003 in.)
3
Specifications
CLEARANCE SPECIFICATIONS3 XT-6, XTR-6 XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

XT6.5, XT6.75
Governor
Governor Cross Shaft -to-Crankcase Running Clearance 0.020/0.064 mm (0.0007/0.0025 in.)
Cross Shaft O.D.
New 5.96/5.98 mm (0.2346/0.2354 in.)
Gear Shaft O.D.
New 6.01/6.03 mm (0.2366/0.2374 in.)
Governor Gear Shaft-to-Governor Gear Running Clearance 0.09/0.19 mm (0.0035/0.0074 in.)
Ignition
Spark Plug Gap 0.76 mm (0.030 in.)
Module Air Gap 0.254 mm (0.010 in.)
Piston, Piston Rings, and Piston Pin

Pin Bore I.D. 13.002/13.008 mm 18.000/18.008 mm
(0.5118/0.5121 in.) (0.7086/0.7089 in.)
Pin O.D. 12.990/12.996 mm 17.990/17.996 mm
(0.5114/0.5116 in.) (0.7082/0.7085 in.)
Top and Center Compression Ring Side Clearance
New Bore, Before Serial No. 40244XXXXX 0.02/0.06 mm (0.0007/0.0023 in.)
New Bore, After Serial No. 40243XXXXX 0.001/0.020 mm (0.00004/0.00080 in.)
Top and Center Compression Ring End Gap
New Bore, Before Serial No. 40244XXXXX
Top and Center 0.25/0.40 mm 0.25/0.40 mm
(0.0098/0.0157 in.) (0.0098/0.0157 in.)
New Bore, After Serial No. 40243XXXXX
Top 0.1/0.25 mm 0.1/0.25 mm
(0.0039/0.0098 in.) (0.0039/0.0098 in.)
Center 0.61/0.76 mm 0.3/0.5 mm
(0.0240/0.0299 in.) (0.0118/0.0197 in.)
Thrust Face O.D. 64.975/64.985 mm 69.960/69.980 mm
(0.2558/0.2558 in.) (2.7543/2.7551 in.)
Piston Thrust Face-to-Cylinder Bore Running Clearance 0.025/0.035 mm 0.020/0.060 mm
(0.0010/0.0014 in.) (0.0007/0.0024 in.)
Valves and Valve Lifters

Intake and Exhaust Valve Lash 0.0762/0.127 mm (0.003/0.005 in.)
Intake Valve Stem-to-Valve Guide Running Clearance 0.020/0.047 mm (0.0007/0.0018 in.)
Exhaust Valve Stem-to-Valve Guide Running Clearance 0.055/0.082 mm (0.0021/0.0032 in.)
Intake Valve Guide I.D. 5.500/5.512 mm (0.2165/0.2170 in.)
Intake Valve Stem Diameter 5.465/5.480 mm (0.2151/0.2157 in.)
Exhaust Valve Guide I.D. 5.500/5.512 mm (0.2165/0.2170 in.)
Exhaust Valve Stem Diameter 5.430/5.445 mm (0.2137/0.2143 in.)
Nominal Valve Face Angle 25°, 45°, 60°
3

Specifications
GENERAL TORQUE VALUES
English Fastener Torque Recommendations for Standard Applications

Bolts, Screws, Nuts and Fasteners Assembled Into Cast Iron or Steel
Grade 2 or 5 Fasteners
Into Aluminum
Size Grade 2 Grade 5 Grade 8

Tightening Torque: N·m (in. lb.) ± 20%
8-32 2.3 (20) 2.8 (25) — 2.3 (20)
10-24 3.6 (32) 4.5 (40) — 3.6 (32)
10-32 3.6 (32) 4.5 (40) — —
1/4-20 7.9 (70) 13.0 (115) 18.7 (165) 7.9 (70)
1/4-28 9.6 (85) 15.8 (140) 22.6 (200) —
5/16-18 17.0 (150) 28.3 (250) 39.6 (350) 17.0 (150)
5/16-24 18.7 (165) 30.5 (270) — —
3/8-16 29.4 (260) — — —
3/8-24 33.9 (300) — — —
Tightening Torque: N·m (ft. lb.) ± 20%

5/16-24 — — 40.7 (30) —
3/8-16 — 47.5 (35) 67.8 (50) —
3/8-24 — 54.2 (40) 81.4 (60) —
7/16-14 47.5 (35) 74.6 (55) 108.5 (80) —
7/16-20 61.0 (45) 101.7 (75) 142.5 (105) —
1/2-13 67.8 (50) 108.5 (80) 155.9 (115) —
1/2-20 94.9 (70) 142.4 (105) 223.7 (165) —
9/16-12 101.7 (75) 169.5 (125) 237.3 (175) —
9/16-18 135.6 (100) 223.7 (165) 311.9 (230) —
5/8-11 149.5 (110) 244.1 (180) 352.6 (260) —
5/8-18 189.8 (140) 311.9 (230) 447.5 (330) —
3/4-10 199.3 (147) 332.2 (245) 474.6 (350) —
3/4-16 271.2 (200) 440.7 (325) 637.3 (470) —
Metric Fastener Torque Recommendations for Standard Applications

Property Class Noncritical
Fasteners
Size 4.8 5.8 8.8 10.9 12.9
Into Aluminum
Tightening Torque: N·m (in. lb.) ± 10%
M4 1.2 (11) 1.7 (15) 2.9 (26) 4.1 (36) 5.0 (44) 2.0 (18)
M5 2.5 (22) 3.2 (28) 5.8 (51) 8.1 (72) 9.7 (86) 4.0 (35)
M6 4.3 (38) 5.7 (50) 9.9 (88) 14.0 (124) 16.5 (146) 6.8 (60)
M8 10.5 (93) 13.6 (120) 24.4 (216) 33.9 (300) 40.7 (360) 17.0 (150)
Tightening Torque: N·m (ft. lb.) ± 10%

M10 21.7 (16) 27.1 (20) 47.5 (35) 66.4 (49) 81.4 (60) 33.9 (25)
M12 36.6 (27) 47.5 (35) 82.7 (61) 116.6 (86) 139.7 (103) 61.0 (45)
M14 58.3 (43) 76.4 (56) 131.5 (97) 184.4 (136) 219.7 (162) 94.9 (70)
Torque Conversions
N·m = in. lb. x 0.113 in. lb. = N·m x 8.85
N·m = ft. lb. x 1.356 ft. lb. = N·m x 0.737

Tools and Aids
Certain quality tools are designed to help you perform specific disassembly, repair, and reassembly procedures. By
using these tools, you can properly service engines easier, faster, and safer! In addition, you’ll increase your service
capabilities and customer satisfaction by decreasing engine downtime.
Here is a list of tools and their source.
SEPARATE TOOL SUPPLIERS
Kohler Tools SE Tools Design Technology Inc.
Contact your local Kohler source of 415 Howard St. 768 Burr Oak Drive
supply. Lapeer, MI 48446 Westmont, IL 60559
Phone 810-664-2981 Phone 630-920-1300
Toll Free 800-664-2981 Fax 630-920-0011
Fax 810-664-8181
TOOLS
Description Source/Part No.
Alcohol Content Tester Kohler 25 455 11-S
For testing alcohol content (%) in reformulated/oxygenated fuels.
Camshaft Endplay Plate SE Tools KLR-82405
For checking camshaft endplay.
Camshaft Seal Protector (Aegis) SE Tools KLR-82417
For protecting seal during camshaft installation.
Cylinder Leakdown Tester Kohler 25 761 05-S
For checking combustion retention and if cylinder, piston, rings, or valves are worn.
Individual component available: Design Technology Inc.
Adapter 12 mm x 14 mm (Required for leakdown test on XT-6 engines) DTI-731-03
Dealer Tool Kit (Domestic) Kohler 25 761 39-S
Complete kit of Kohler required tools.
Components of 25 761 39-S:
Ignition System Tester Kohler 25 455 01-S
Oil Pressure Test Kit Kohler 25 761 06-S
Rectifier-Regulator Tester (120 V AC/60Hz) Kohler 25 761 20-S
Dealer Tool Kit (International) Kohler 25 761 42-S
Complete kit of Kohler required tools.
Components of 25 761 42-S:
Rectifier-Regulator Tester (240 V AC/50Hz) Kohler 25 761 41-S
Digital Vacuum/Pressure Tester Design Technology Inc.
For checking crankcase vacuum. DTI-721-01
Individual component available: Design Technology Inc.
Rubber Adapter Plug DTI-721-10
Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI) Diagnostic Software Kohler 25 761 23-S
For Laptop or Desktop PC.
EFI Service Kit Kohler 24 761 01-S
For troubleshooting and setting up an EFI engine.
Components of 24 761 01-S: Design Technology Inc.
Fuel Pressure Tester DTI-019
Noid Light DTI-021
90° Adapter DTI-023
In-line "T" Fitting DTI-035
Code Plug, Red Wire DTI-027
Code Plug, Blue Wire DTI-029
Shrader Valve Adapter Hose DTI-037
Flywheel Holding Tool (CS) SE Tools KLR-82407
For holding flywheel of CS series engines.
Flywheel Puller SE Tools KLR-82408
For properly removing flywheel from engine.
Flywheel Strap Wrench SE Tools KLR-82409
For holding flywheel during removal.

Tools and Aids
TOOLS
Hydraulic Valve Lifter Tool Kohler 25 761 38-S
For removing and installing hydraulic lifters.
For testing output on all systems, including CD.
Inductive Tachometer (Digital) Design Technology Inc.
For checking operating speed (RPM) of an engine. DTI-110
Offset Wrench (K and M Series) Kohler 52 455 04-S
For removing and reinstalling cylinder barrel retaining nuts.
For testing/verifying oil pressure on pressure lubricated engines.
Radiator Tester Kohler 25 455 10-S
For pressure testing radiator and cap on Aegis liquid-cooled engines.
Rectifier-Regulator Tester (120 volt current) Kohler 25 761 20-S
Rectifier-Regulator Tester (240 volt current) Kohler 25 761 41-S
For testing rectifier-regulators.
Components of 25 761 20-S and 25 761 41-S: Design Technology Inc.
CS-PRO Regulator Test Harness DTI-031
Special Regulator Test Harness with Diode DTI-033
Spark Advance Module (SAM) Tester Kohler 25 761 40-S
For testing SAM (ASAM and DSAM) on engines with SMART-SPARK™.
Starter Servicing Kit (All Starters) SE Tools KLR-82411
For removing and reinstalling drive retaining rings and brushes.
Individual component available:
Starter Brush Holding Tool (Solenoid Shift) SE Tools KLR-82416
Triad/OHC Timing Tool Set Kohler 28 761 01-S
For holding cam gears and crankshaft in timed position while installing timing belt.
Valve Guide Reamer (K and M Series) Design Technology Inc.
For properly sizing valve guides after installation. DTI-K828
Valve Guide Reamer O.S. (Command Series) Kohler 25 455 12-S
For reaming worn valve guides to accept replacement oversize valves. Can be used
in low-speed drill press or with handle below for hand reaming.
Reamer Handle Design Technology Inc.
For hand reaming using Kohler 25 455 12-S reamer. DTI-K830
Valve Guide Service Kit (Courage, Aegis, Command, OHC) SE Tools KLR-82415
For servicing worn valve guides.
AIDS
Camshaft Lubricant (Valspar ZZ613) Kohler 25 357 14-S
Dielectric Grease (GE/Novaguard G661) Kohler 25 357 11-S
Dielectric Grease Loctite® 51360
Kohler Electric Starter Drive Lubricant (Inertia Drive) Kohler 52 357 01-S
Kohler Electric Starter Drive Lubricant (Solenoid Shift) Kohler 52 357 02-S
RTV Silicone Sealant
Loctite® 5900® Heavy Body in 4 oz. aerosol dispenser. Kohler 25 597 07-S
Only oxime-based, oil resistant RTV sealants, such as those listed, are approved Loctite® 5910®
for use. Loctite® Nos. 5900® or 5910® are recommended for best sealing Loctite® Ultra Black 598™
characteristics. Loctite® Ultra Blue 587™
Loctite® Ultra Copper 5920™
Spline Drive Lubricant Kohler 25 357 12-S

Tools and Aids
FLYWHEEL HOLDING TOOL ROCKER ARM/CRANKSHAFT TOOL
A flywheel holding tool can be made out of an old junk A spanner wrench to lift rocker arms or turn crankshaft
flywheel ring gear and used in place of a strap wrench. may be made out of an old junk connecting rod.
1. Using an abrasive cut-off wheel, cut out a six tooth 1. Find a used connecting rod from a 10 HP or larger
segment of ring gear as shown. engine. Remove and discard rod cap.
2. Grind off any burrs or sharp edges. 2. Remove studs of a Posi-Lock rod or grind off
3. Invert segment and place it between ignition bosses aligning steps of a Command rod, so joint surface is
on crankcase so tool teeth engage flywheel ring flat.
gear teeth. Bosses will lock tool and flywheel in 3. Find a 1 in. long capscrew with correct thread size to
position for loosening, tightening, or removing with a match threads in connecting rod.
puller. 4. Use a flat washer with correct I.D. to slip on
capscrew and approximately 1 in. O.D. Assemble
capscrew and washer to joint surface of rod.

Troubleshooting
TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE
When troubles occur, be sure to check simple causes which, at first, may seem too obvious to be considered. For
example, a starting problem could be caused by an empty fuel tank.
Some general common causes of engine troubles are listed below and vary by engine specification. Use these to
locate causing factors.
Engine Cranks But Will Not Start Engine Will Not Crank
● Battery connected backwards. ● Battery is discharged.
● Blown fuse. ● Faulty electric starter or solenoid.
● Carburetor solenoid malfunction. ● Faulty key switch or ignition switch.
● Choke not closing. ● Interlock switch is engaged or faulty.
● Clogged fuel line or fuel filter. ● Loose wires or connections that intermittently ground
● Diode in wiring harness failed in open circuit mode. ignition kill circuit.
● DSAI or DSAM malfunction. ● Pawls not engaging in drive cup.
● Empty fuel tank. ● Seized internal engine components.
● Faulty electronic control unit.
● Faulty ignition coil(s). Engine Runs But Misses
● Faulty spark plug(s). ● Carburetor adjusted incorrectly.
● Fuel pump malfunction-vacuum hose clogged or ● Engine overheated.
leaking. ● Faulty spark plug(s).
● Fuel shut-off valve closed. ● Ignition module(s) faulty or improperly gapped.
● Ignition module(s) faulty or improperly gapped. ● Incorrect crankshaft position sensor air gap.
● Insufficient voltage to electronic control unit. ● Interlock switch is engaged or faulty.
● Interlock switch is engaged or faulty. ● Loose wires or connections that intermittently ground
● Key switch or kill switch in OFF position. ignition kill circuit.
● Low oil level. ● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture).
● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture). ● Spark plug lead(s) disconnected.
● SMART-SPARKTM malfunction. ● Spark plug lead boot loose on plug.
● Spark plug lead(s) disconnected. ● Spark plug lead loose.
Engine Starts But Does Not Keep Running Engine Will Not Idle
● Faulty carburetor. ● Engine overheated.
● Faulty cylinder head gasket. ● Faulty spark plug(s).
● Faulty or misadjusted choke or throttle controls. ● Idle fuel adjusting needle(s) improperly set.
● Fuel pump malfunction-vacuum hose clogged or ● Idle speed adjusting screw improperly set.
leaking. ● Inadequate fuel supply.
● Intake system leak. ● Low compression.
● Loose wires or connections that intermittently ground ● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture).
ignition kill circuit. ● Restricted fuel tank cap vent.
● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture).
● Restricted fuel tank cap vent. Engine Overheats
● Cooling fan broken.
Engine Starts Hard ● Excessive engine load.
● Clogged fuel line or fuel filter. ● Fan belt failed/off.
● Engine overheated. ● Faulty carburetor.
● Faulty ACR mechanism. ● High crankcase oil level.
● Faulty or misadjusted choke or throttle controls. ● Lean fuel mixture.
● Faulty spark plug(s). ● Low cooling system fluid level.
● Flywheel key sheared. ● Low crankcase oil level.
● Fuel pump malfunction-vacuum hose clogged or ● Radiator, and/or cooling system components clogged,
leaking. restricted, or leaking.
● Interlock switch is engaged or faulty. ● Water pump belt failed/broken.
● Loose wires or connections that intermittently ground ● Water pump malfunction.
ignition kill circuit.
● Low compression. Engine Knocks
● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture). ● Excessive engine load.
● Weak spark. ● Hydraulic lifter malfunction.
● Incorrect oil viscosity/type.
● Internal wear or damage.
● Low crankcase oil level.
● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture).

Troubleshooting
Engine Loses Power EXTERNAL ENGINE INSPECTION

● Dirty air cleaner element. NOTE: It is good practice to drain oil at a location away
● Engine overheated. from workbench. Be sure to allow ample time for
● Excessive engine load. complete drainage.
● Restricted exhaust. Before cleaning or disassembling engine, make a
● Faulty spark plug(s). thorough inspection of its external appearance and
● High crankcase oil level. condition. This inspection can give clues to what
● Incorrect governor setting. might be found inside engines (and cause) when it is
● Low battery. disassembled.
● Low compression. ● Check for buildup of dirt and debris on crankcase,
● Low crankcase oil level. cooling fins, grass screen, and other external surfaces.
● Quality of fuel (dirt, water, stale, mixture). Dirt or debris on these areas can cause overheating.
Engine Uses Excessive Amount of Oil ● Check for obvious fuel and oil leaks, and damaged
components. Excessive oil leakage can indicate a
● Loose or improperly torqued fasteners. clogged or inoperative breather, worn or damaged
● Blown head gasket/overheated. seals or gaskets, or loose fasteners.
● Breather reed broken. ● Check air cleaner cover and base for damage or
● Clogged, broken, or inoperative crankcase breather. indications of improper fit and seal.
● Crankcase overfilled. ● Check air cleaner element. Look for holes, tears,
● Incorrect oil viscosity/type. cracked or damaged sealing surfaces, or other
● Worn cylinder bore. damage that could allow unfiltered air into engine. A
● Worn or broken piston rings. dirty or clogged element could indicate insufficient or
● Worn valve stems/valve guides. improper maintenance.
Oil Leaks from Oil Seals, Gaskets ● Check carburetor throat for dirt. Dirt in throat is further
indication that air cleaner was not functioning properly.
● Breather reed broken. ● Check if oil level is within operating range on dipstick.
● Clogged, broken, or inoperative crankcase breather. If it is above, sniff for gasoline odor.
● Loose or improperly torqued fasteners. ● Check condition of oil. Drain oil into a container; it
● Piston blow by, or leaky valves. should flow freely. Check for metal chips and other
● Restricted exhaust. foreign particles.
Sludge is a natural by-product of combustion; a small

accumulation is normal. Excessive sludge formation
could indicate over rich fuel settings, weak ignition,
overextended oil change interval or wrong weight or
type of oil was used.
CLEANING ENGINE
WARNING
Cleaning Solvents can cause severe injury or
death.
Use only in well ventilated areas away from
ignition sources.
Carburetor cleaners and solvents are extremely
flammable. Follow cleaner manufacturer’s warnings
and instructions on its proper and safe use. Never use
gasoline as a cleaning agent.
After inspecting external condition of engine, clean

engine thoroughly before disassembly. Clean individual
components as engine is disassembled. Only clean
parts can be accurately inspected and gauged for wear
or damage. There are many commercially available
cleaners that will quickly remove grease, oil, and grime
from engine parts. When such a cleaner is used, follow
manufacturer’s instructions and safety precautions
carefully.
Make sure all traces of cleaner are removed before
engine is reassembled and placed into operation. Even
small amounts of these cleaners can quickly break down
lubricating properties of engine oil.

Troubleshooting
CRANKCASE VACUUM TEST

WARNING WARNING
Carbon Monoxide can cause severe nausea,
fainting or death. Rotating Parts can cause severe injury.
Avoid inhaling exhaust fumes. Stay away while engine is in operation.
Engine exhaust gases contain poisonous carbon Keep hands, feet, hair, and clothing away from all
monoxide. Carbon monoxide is odorless, colorless, moving parts to prevent injury. Never operate engine
and can cause death if inhaled. with covers, shrouds, or guards removed.
A partial vacuum should be present in crankcase when engine is operating. Pressure in crankcase (normally caused
by a clogged or improperly assembled breather) can cause oil to be forced out at oil seals, gaskets, or other available
spots.
Crankcase vacuum is best measured with either a water manometer or a vacuum gauge. Complete instructions are
provided in kits.
To test crankcase vacuum with manometer: To test crankcase vacuum with vacuum/pressure gauge:
1. Insert rubber stopper into oil fill hole. Be sure pinch 1. Remove dipstick or oil fill plug/cap.
clamp is installed on hose and use tapered adapters 2. Install adapter into oil fill//dipstick tube opening,
to connect hose between stopper and one upside down over end of a small diameter dipstick
manometer tube. Leave other tube open to tube, or directly into engine if a tube is not used.
atmosphere. Check that water level in manometer is Insert barbed gauge fitting into hole in stopper.
at 0 line. Make sure pinch clamp is closed.
3. Run engine and observe gauge reading.
2. Start engine and run no-load high speed.
Analog tester–needle movement to left of 0 is a
3. Open clamp and note water level in tube. vacuum, and movement to right indicates a pressure.
Level in engine side should be a minimum of 10.2 Digital tester–depress test button on top of tester.
cm (4 in.) above level in open side.
Crankcase vacuum should be a minimum of 10.2 cm
If level in engine side is less than specified (low/no (4 in.) of water. If reading is below specification, or if
vacuum), or level in engine side is lower than level in pressure is present, check table below for possible
open side (pressure), check for conditions in table causes and conclusions.
below.
4. Close pinch clamp before stopping engine.
Condition Conclusion
Crankcase breather clogged or inoperative. NOTE: If breather is integral part of valve cover and
cannot be serviced separately, replace valve
cover and recheck pressure.
Disassemble breather, clean parts thoroughly, check
sealing surfaces for flatness, reassemble, and recheck
pressure.
Seals and/or gaskets leaking. Loose or improperly torque Replace all worn or damaged seals and gaskets. Make
fasteners. sure all fasteners are tightened securely. Use appropriate
torque valves and sequences when necessary.
Piston blow by or leaky valves (confirm by inspecting Recondition piston, rings, cylinder bore, valves and
components). valves guides.
Restricted exhaust. Check exhaust screen/spark arrestor (if equipped). Clean
or replace as needed. Repair or replace any other
damaged/restricted muffler or exhaust system parts.

Troubleshooting
COMPRESSION TEST
For Command Twins:
A compression test is best performed on a warm engine. Clean any dirt or debris away from base of spark plug(s)
before removing them. Be sure choke is off, and throttle is wide open during test. Compression should be at least 160
psi and should not vary more than 15% between cylinders.
All other models:
These engines are equipped with an automatic compression release (ACR) mechanism. It is difficult to obtain an
accurate compression reading because of ACR mechanism. As an alternative, use cylinder leakdown test described
below.
CYLINDER LEAKDOWN TEST
A cylinder leakdown test can be a valuable alternative to a compression test. By pressurizing combustion chamber
from an external air source you can determine if valves or rings are leaking, and how badly.
Cylinder leakdown tester is a relatively simple, inexpensive leakdown tester for small engines. This tester includes a
quick-connect for attaching adapter hose and a holding tool.
1. Run engine for 3-5 minutes to warm it up.
2. Remove spark plug(s) and air filter from engine.
3. Rotate crankshaft until piston (of cylinder being tested) is at top dead center (TDC) of compression stroke. Hold
engine in this position while testing. Holding tool supplied with tester can be used if PTO end of crankshaft is
accessible. Lock holding tool onto crankshaft. Install a 3/8 in. breaker bar into hole/slot of holding tool, so it is
perpendicular to both holding tool and crankshaft PTO.
If flywheel end is more accessible, use a breaker bar and socket on flywheel nut/screw to hold it in position. An
assistant may be needed to hold breaker bar during testing. If engine is mounted in a piece of equipment, it may
be possible to hold it by clamping or wedging a driven component. Just be certain that engine cannot rotate off of
TDC in either direction.
4. Install adapter into spark plug hole, but do not attach it to tester at this time.
5. Turn regulator knob completely counterclockwise.
6. Connect an air source of at least 50 psi to tester.
7. Turn regulator knob clockwise (increase direction) until gauge needle is in yellow set area at low end of scale.
8. Connect tester quick-connect to adapter hose. While firmly holding engine at TDC, gradually open tester valve.
Note gauge reading and listen for escaping air at combustion air intake, exhaust outlet, and crankcase breather.
Air escaping from crankcase breather. Ring or cylinder worn.
Air escaping from exhaust system. Defective exhaust valve/improper seating.
Air escaping from intake. Defective intake valve/improper seating.
Gauge reading in low (green) zone. Piston rings and cylinder in good condition.
Gauge reading in moderate (yellow) zone. Engine is still usable, but there is some wear present.
Customer should start planning for overhaul or
replacement.
Gauge reading in high (red) zone. Rings and/or cylinder have considerable wear. Engine
should be reconditioned or replaced.

Air Cleaner/Intake
AIR CLEANER Loosen knob or unhook latch and remove air cleaner
These systems are CARB/EPA certified and components cover.
should not be altered or modified in any way.
Precleaner (if equipped)
Air Cleaner Components
1. Remove precleaner.
D 2. Replace or wash precleaner in warm water with
C detergent. Rinse and allow to air dry.
3. Reinstall precleaner into cover, aligning hole in
E precleaner with upper cover knob.
Paper Element
1. Remove paper element from base and replace.
2. Install element with pleated side out and seat rubber
seal onto edges of base.
D A Foam Element
C 1. Remove foam element from base and replace.
2. Install element with foam side out and seat rubber
B seal onto edges of base.
Reinstall air cleaner cover and secure with knob or latch.
F BREATHER TUBE
Make sure both ends of breather tube are properly
connected.
AIR COOLING
A WARNING
Hot Parts can cause severe burns.
A Air Cleaner Cover B Precleaner Do not touch engine while operating or just
after stopping.
C Paper Element D Base
E Air Cleaner Knob F Air Cleaner Latch Never operate engine with heat shields or guards
NOTE: Operating engine with loose or damaged air removed.
cleaner components could cause premature
wear and failure. Replace all bent or damaged Proper cooling is essential. To prevent over heating,
components. clean screens, cooling fins, and other external surfaces
of engine. Avoid spraying water at wiring harness or any
NOTE: Paper element cannot be blown out with electrical components. Refer to Maintenance Schedule.
compressed air.

Fuel System
Typical carbureted fuel system and related components FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS

include: Refer to Maintenance.
● Fuel tank. FUEL LINE
● Fuel line.
● In-line fuel filter. Low permeation fuel line must be installed on carbureted
● Fuel tank filter (in-nipple). Kohler Co. engines to maintain EPA and CARB
● Fuel shut-off valve (if equipped). regulatory compliance.
● Carburetor. FUEL SHUT-OFF (if equipped)
Fuel tank outlet is located above carburetor inlet, Some engines are equipped with a fuel shut-off located
allowing gravity to feed fuel through in-line filter and fuel at carburetor. It controls fuel flow from tank to carburetor.
line to carburetor.
Fuel enters carburetor through fuel shut-off valve and
sediment bowl and then goes to carburetor float bowl.
Fuel is drawn into carburetor body and mixed with air.
This fuel-air mixture is then burned in engine combustion
chamber.
FUEL SYSTEM TESTS

When engine starts hard, or turns over but will not start, fuel system might be causing problems. Test fuel system by
performing following tests.
1. Check for fuel in combustion chamber. 3. Check operation of fuel shut-off valve.
a. Disconnect and ground spark plug lead. a. Remove fuel sediment bowl under inlet fitting of
b. Close choke on carburetor. carburetor.
c. Crank engine several times. b. Turn fuel shut-off valve ON and OFF and observe
operation.
d. Remove spark plug and check for fuel at tip.
2. Check for fuel flow from tank to carburetor.
a. Remove fuel line from inlet fitting of carburetor.
b. Use an approved fuel container to catch fuel, and
hold line below bottom of tank to observe fuel
flow.
Fuel at tip of spark plug. Fuel is reaching combustion chamber.
No fuel at tip of spark plug. Check fuel flow from fuel tank (step 2).
Fuel flows from fuel line. Check operation of fuel shut-off valve (step 3).
No fuel flow from fuel line. Check fuel tank vent, in-line filter threaded into tank, and
fuel line. Correct any observed problem and reconnect
line.
Fuel flows from valve. Check for dirt and water in sediment bowl and screen.
Clean bowl and screen as needed. Check for faulty
carburetor, refer to Carburetor.
No fuel flows from valve. Check for a restriction in fuel shut-off valve or inlet elbow.

Fuel System
CARBURETOR
WARNING Gasoline is extremely flammable and its vapors can

explode if ignited. Store gasoline only in approved
Explosive Fuel can cause fires and severe containers, in well ventilated, unoccupied buildings, away
burns. from sparks or flames. Spilled fuel could ignite if it comes
Do not fill fuel tank while engine is hot or in contact with hot parts or sparks from ignition. Never use
running. gasoline as a cleaning agent.
Typical One-Barrel Carburetor Components These engines are equipped with a fixed main jet
carburetor. Carburetor is designed to deliver correct fuel-
A to-air mixture to engine under all operating conditions.
Idle mixture is set at factory and cannot be adjusted.
B
Troubleshooting Checklist
When engine starts hard, runs rough, or stalls at low
idle speed, check these areas before adjusting or
disassembling carburetor.
1. Make sure fuel tank is filled with clean, fresh
gasoline.
2. Make sure fuel tank cap vent is not blocked and is
operating properly.
3. Make sure fuel is reaching carburetor. This includes
checking fuel shut-off valve, fuel tank filter screen,
C in-line fuel filter, fuel lines and fuel pump for
D F restrictions or faulty components as necessary.
4. Make sure air cleaner base and carburetor are
E G securely fastened to engine using gaskets in good
condition.
H 5. Make sure air cleaner element (including precleaner
if equipped) is clean and all air cleaner components
are fastened securely.
6. Make sure ignition system, governor system,
I exhaust system, and throttle and choke controls are
operating properly.
J K
O
Low Idle Speed
A B Idle Jet
Adjusting Screw
C Fuel Shut-Off Gasket D Wave Washer
E Fuel Shut-Off Valve F Main Nozzle Tube
G Main Jet H Bowl Gasket
I Fuel Inlet Needle J Spring
K Hinge Pin L Float
Bowl Retaining Screw
M Fuel Bowl N Gasket
O Bowl Retaining Screw

Fuel System
Troubleshooting-Carburetor Related Causes

Condition Possible Cause Conclusion
Engine starts hard, runs rough, or Low idle fuel mixture (some models)/ Adjust idle speed screw or clean
stalls at idle speed. speed improperly adjusted. carburetor.
Engine runs rich (indicated by black, Clogged air cleaner. Clean or replace air cleaner.
sooty exhaust smoke, misfiring, loss Choke partially closed during Check choke lever/linkage to ensure
of speed and power, governor operation. choke is operating properly.
hunting, or excessive throttle
opening). Dirt under fuel inlet needle. Remove needle; clean needle and
seat and blow with compressed air.
Bowl vent or air bleeds plugged. Clean vent, ports, and air bleeds.
Blow out all passages with
compressed air.
Leaky, cracked, or damaged float. Submerge float to check for leaks.
Engine runs lean (indicated by Idle holes plugged; dirt in fuel delivery Clean main fuel jet and all passages;
misfiring, loss of speed and power, channels. blow out with compressed air.
governor hunting, or excessive
throttle opening).
Fuel leaks from carburetor. Float damaged. Submerge float to check for leaks.
Replace float.
Dirt under fuel inlet needle. Remove needle; clean needle and
seat and blow with compressed air.
Bowl vents plugged. Blow out with compressed air.
Carburetor bowl gasket leaks. Replace gasket.
Carburetor Circuits Carburetor Adjustments

Float NOTE: Carburetor adjustments should be made only
Fuel level in bowl is maintained by float and fuel inlet after engine has warmed up.
needle. Buoyant force of float stops fuel flow when Carburetor is designed to deliver correct fuel-to-air
engine is at rest. When fuel is being consumed, float will mixture to engine under all operating conditions. Main
drop and fuel pressure will push inlet needle away from fuel jet is calibrated at factory and is not adjustable. Idle
seat, allowing more fuel to enter bowl. When demand fuel adjusting needles are also set at factory and are not
ceases, buoyant force of float will again overcome fuel adjustable.
pressure, rising to predetermined setting and stop flow.
Low Idle Speed (RPM) Adjustment
Slow and Mid-Range NOTE: Actual low idle speed depends on application.
At low speeds engine operates only on slow circuit. As Refer to equipment manufacturer’s
a metered amount of air is drawn through slow air bleed recommendations. Low idle speed for basic
jets, fuel is drawn through main jet and further metered engines is 1800 RPM.
through slow jet. Air and fuel are mixed in body of slow
jet and exit to idle progression (transfer port) chamber. Place throttle control into idle or slow position. Turn low
From idle progression chamber, air fuel mixture is idle speed adjusting screw in or out to obtain allow idle
metered through idle port passage. At low idle air/fuel speed of 1800 RPM (± 75 RPM).
mixture is controlled by setting of idle fuel adjusting
screws. This mixture is then mixed with main body of Carburetor Servicing
air and delivered to engine. As throttle plate opening
increases, greater amounts of air/fuel mixture are drawn WARNING
in through fixed and metered idle progression holes.
As throttle plate opens further, vacuum signal becomes
great enough at venturi so main circuit begins to work. Accidental Starts can cause severe injury or
Main (high-speed) death.
At high speeds/loads engine operates on main circuit. Disconnect and ground spark plug lead(s)
As a metered amount of air is drawn through air jet, before servicing.
fuel is drawn through main jet. Air and fuel are mixed
in main nozzles then enters main body of airflow where
further mixing of fuel and air occurs. This mixture is then Before working on engine or equipment, disable
delivered to combustion chamber. Carburetor has a fixed engine as follows: 1) Disconnect spark plug lead(s). 2)
main circuit; no adjustment is possible. Disconnect negative (–) battery cable from battery.
NOTE: Main and slow jets are fixed and size specific
and can be removed if required. Fixed jets for
high altitudes are available.

Fuel System
● Inspect carburetor body for cracks, holes, and other Auto Choke Components - Vacuum/Diaphragm
wear or damage. Design
● Inspect float for cracks, holes, and missing or
damaged float tabs. Check float hinge and shaft for
wear or damage.
● Inspect fuel inlet needle and seat for wear or damage. B
1. Perform removal procedures for appropriate air
cleaner and carburetor outlined in Disassembly.
2. Clean exterior surfaces of dirt or foreign material
before disassembling carburetor. Remove bowl A
retaining screws, and carefully separate fuel bowl
from carburetor. Do not damage fuel bowl O-rings.
Transfer any remaining fuel into an approved
container. Save all parts. Fuel can also be drained C
prior to bowl removal by loosening/removing bowl
drain screw.
3. Remove float pin and inlet needle. Seat for inlet D
E
needle is not serviceable and should not be
removed.
4. Clean carburetor bowl and inlet seat areas as A Bimetallic Spring B Linkage
required. Housing
5. Carefully remove main jet from carburetor. After C Diaphragm Assembly D Choke Plate
main jet is removed, main nozzles can be removed E Vacuum Hose
through bottom of main towers. Note orientation/
direction of nozzles. End with 2 raised shoulders A bimetallic spring reacts to muffler heat and moves
should be out/down adjacent to main jets. linkage that opens or closes choke. A diaphragm that
operates from intake manifold vacuum assists spring
6. Save parts for cleaning and reuse unless a jet kit is system. These two elements work together to operate
also being installed. Clean slow jets using a smooth choke system that facilitates easy reliable
compressed air or carburetor cleaner, do not use starting.
wire.
Use following procedures to troubleshoot vacuum/
NOTE: There are 2 O-rings on body of idle jet. diaphragm design auto choke system and its
Carburetor is now disassembled for appropriate cleaning components. These procedures are to be performed on
and installation of parts in overhaul kit. See instructions a cold engine.
provided with repair kits for more detailed information.
Cover, Element, and Breather Cover
High Altitude Operation
Engines may require a high altitude carburetor kit to C
ensure correct engine operation at altitudes above 1219
meters (4000 ft.). To obtain high altitude kit information
or to find a Kohler authorized dealer visit KohlerEngines.
com or call 1-800-544-2444 (U.S. and Canada).
This engine should be operated in its original
configuration below 1219 meters (4000 ft.) as damage
may occur if high altitude carburetor kit is installed and
operated below 1219 meters (4000 ft.).
D
Auto Choke Troubleshooting (if equipped) B
If engine is equipped with auto choke, identify design
and follow appropriate troubleshooting procedure. A
NOTE: Procedures may be easier to perform with
engine cover removed. Refer to Disassembly/
Inspection and Service and Reassembly A Air Cleaner Cover B Element
procedure. C Breather Cover D Air Cleaner Base
1. Remove air cleaner cover, air cleaner, and breather
cover from air cleaner base.
2. Check choke linkage for binding or debris build up.
Gently actuate linkage and observe that choke plate
has full range of movement (open and close).

Fuel System
3. Remove vacuum hose from carburetor vacuum Choke Plate and Bimetallic Spring Housing
fitting. Attach a vacuum gauge or manometer to
carburetor vacuum fitting. Run engine while holding
choke plate open. Gauge should indicate a vacuum
with a minimum of 15" of water. If reading is correct,
check again for binding of restricted linkage.
4. If vacuum indicated is less than 15" of water,
problem is not an auto choke issue.
B
Diaphragm Assembly and Hose
A
Bimetallic Spring
C A Choke Plate B Assembly
A
B
A Choke Plate B Vacuum Hose

C Vacuum Fitting D Diaphragm Assembly
5. Note position of choke plate. Attach a vacuum pump
to vacuum hose. Choke plate should open 1/2 to 3/4
under vacuum and with a minimum of 15" of water. If
diaphragm assembly is unable to open choke plate,
check hose for cracks, leaks, or restrictions. If
necessary replace vacuum hose. If hose is in
working condition and choke plate fails to open with
specified vacuum, or diaphragm fails to hold choke
plate open for a minimum of 3 seconds, replace
diaphragm assembly.
6. Attach vacuum hose to carburetor vacuum fitting.
7. Start engine. Upon start up choke plate should be
1/2 to 3/4 open. Choke plate should gradually
change to full open position after 2 to 2-1/2 minutes
of running. This action is performed by bimetallic
spring assembly being heated. If choke plate fails to
open, recheck linkage for binding. If necessary
replace bimetallic spring assembly.
NOTE: Inspect to ensure choke linkage is not binding.

Fuel System
Auto Choke Components - Link Design
E
D C
Bimetallic Spring
A B Wire Choke Linkage
Housing
C Choke Plate D Choke Lever
E Choke Link
When engine is cold, spring around base of choke shaft
holds choke closed for starting. When engine starts,
governor closes throttle from wide open to set governor
speed. As throttle closes, link between throttle and
choke operates choke to a slightly open position. After
engine warms up, bimetallic spring overcomes choke
shaft spring force and holds choke completely open.
Use these steps to check function of link design auto
choke.
1. Remove air cleaner cover and element.
2. Choke plate should be fully close when engine is
cold.
3. There should be light spring tension holding choke
closed.
4. There should not be any binding when choke shaft
assembly is rotated, which could cause choke to
remain partially open.
5. When engine is started, choke plate should be 1/3
open. Choke plate should start to open and be
completely open within 2 to 3 minutes at room
temperature.
6. Reinstall air cleaner element and secure cover.

Governor System
GOVERNOR
Governor Components
C
A
G
K F
D
E
H
Intermediate Control
A Control Spring B C Control Bracket D Governor Lever
Lever
E Compression Spring F Linkage G Regulating Pin H Flyweight(s)
Governor Shaft
I Governor Gear J Governor Gear Shaft K Retainer
Governed speed setting is determined by position of ● As flyweights move outward, they cause regulating pin
throttle control. It can be variable or constant, depending to move outward.
on engine application. ● Regulating pin contacts tab on cross shaft causing
Governor is designed to hold engine speed constant shaft to rotate.
under changing load conditions. Most engines are ● One end of cross shaft protrudes through crankcase.
equipped with a centrifugal flyweight mechanical Rotating action of cross shaft is transmitted to throttle
governor. Governor gear/flyweight mechanism of lever of carburetor through external throttle linkage.
mechanical governor is mounted inside crankcase and is ● When engine is at rest, and throttle is in fast position,
driven off gear on camshaft. tension of governor spring holds throttle plate open.
When engine is operating, governor gear assembly is
This governor design works as follows: rotating. Force applied by regulating pin against cross
● Centrifugal force acting on rotating governor gear shaft tends to close throttle plate. Governor spring
assembly causes flyweights to move outward as tension and force applied by regulating pin balance
speed increases. Governor spring tension moves each other during operation, to maintain engine
them inward as speed decreases. speed.

Governor System
● When load is applied and engine speed and governor

gear speed decreases, governor spring tension moves
governor arm to open throttle plate wider. This allows
more fuel into engine, increasing engine speed. As
speed reaches governed setting, governor spring
tension and force applied by regulating pin will again
offset each other to hold a steady engine speed.
Initial Governor Adjustment
Make this initial adjustment whenever governor arm is
loosened or removed from cross shaft. To ensure proper
adjustment, make sure throttle linkage is connected to
both governor arm and throttle lever on carburetor.
1. Loosen governor lever adjustment screw.
2. Move governor lever away from carburetor (wide
open throttle). Do not apply excess force that may
flex or distort throttle link.
3. Grasp cross shaft with a pliers and turn shaft
clockwise as far as it will go. Then torque nut to
9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.).
4. Rotate governor shaft clockwise until it stops.
5. Hold both in this position and torque governor lever
bolt to 10 N·m (88.5 in. lb.).

Lubrication System
These engines use a splash lubrication system, supplying necessary lubrication to crankshaft, camshaft, connecting
rod, and valve train components.
Lubrication Components
C
A B
D D
A 1/4 Turn Cap B Threaded Cap C Air Cleaner D Crankcase Plugs
OIL RECOMMENDATIONS CHANGE OIL

Refer to Maintenance. Change oil while engine is warm.
CHECK OIL LEVEL Dipstick tube
NOTE: To prevent extensive engine wear or damage, 1. Clean area around oil fill cap/dipstick.
never run engine with oil level below or above 2. Remove oil fill cap/dipstick. Tilt engine on its side
operating range indicator on dipstick. with air cleaner facing up. Drain oil into appropriate
Ensure engine is cool. Clean oil fill cap/dipstick areas of container.
any debris. 3. After crankcase is drained completely, tilt engine
1. Remove dipstick; wipe oil off. upright.
a. 1/4 turn cap: reinsert dipstick into tube; press 4. Fill crankcase with new oil. Level should be at top of
completely down and turn 1/4 turn. indicator on dipstick.
or 5. Reinstall oil fill cap/dipstick and tighten securely.
b. Threaded cap: reinsert dipstick into tube; rest cap 6. Dispose of used oil in accordance with local
on tube, do not thread cap onto tube. ordinances.
2. Remove dipstick; check oil level. Level should be at Crankcase plug
top of indicator on dipstick. 1. Disable engine by disconnecting spark plug.
3. If oil is low on indicator, add oil up to top of indicator 2. Clean area around oil fill cap/dipstick. Remove oil fill
mark. cap/dipstick.
4. Reinstall and secure dipstick. 3. Remove crankcase plug on bottom of engine; drain
oil into appropriate container.
4. Apply thread sealant around three full threads of
drain plug; reinstall drain plug. Torque drain plug to
13.6 N·m (120 in. lb.).
5. Fill crankcase with new oil. Level should be at top of
indicator on dipstick.
6. Reinstall oil fill cap/dipstick and tighten securely.
7. Dispose of used oil in accordance with local
ordinances.

Electrical System
SPARK PLUGS Inspection

CAUTION Inspect each spark plug as it is removed from cylinder
head. Deposits on tip are an indication of general
Electrical Shock can cause injury. condition of piston rings, valves, and carburetor.
Do not touch wires while engine is running. Normal and fouled plugs are shown in following photos:
Normal
Spark Plug Component and Details
A
B
Plug taken from an engine operating under normal

conditions will have light tan or gray colored deposits. If
center electrode is not worn, plug can be set to proper
gap and reused.
Worn
C D
A Wire Gauge B Spark Plug

C Ground Electrode D Gap
NOTE: Do not clean spark plug in a machine using
abrasive grit. Some grit could remain in spark
plug and enter engine causing extensive wear
and damage.
Engine misfire or starting problems are often caused On a worn plug, center electrode will be rounded and
by a spark plug that has improper gap or is in poor gap will be greater than specified gap. Replace a worn
condition. spark plug immediately.
Engine is equipped with following spark plugs: Wet Fouled
XT-6, XTR-6, XT-7, XTR-7,
XT6.5, XT6.75, XT8*
XT8*
Gap 0.76 mm (0.03 in.) 0.76 mm (0.03 in.)
Thread Size 12 mm 14 mm
Reach 19.1 mm (3/4 in.) 19.1 mm (3/4 in.)
Hex Size 18 mm (3/4 in.) 15.9 mm (5/8 in.)
Refer to Maintenance for Repairs/Service Parts.
*Order replacement spark plug based on size in XT8
engine being serviced.
A wet plug is caused by excess fuel or oil in combustion
Service chamber. Excess fuel could be caused by a restricted air
cleaner, a carburetor problem, or operating engine with
Clean out spark plug recess. Remove plug and replace. too much choke. Oil in combustion chamber is usually
1. Check gap using wire feeler gauge. Adjust gap to caused by a restricted air cleaner, a breather problem,
0.76 mm (0.03 in.). worn piston rings, or valve guides.
2. Install plug into cylinder head.
3. Torque plug to 27 N·m (20 ft. lb.).

Electrical System
Carbon Fouled
Soft, sooty, black deposits indicate incomplete

combustion caused by a restricted air cleaner, over rich
carburetion, weak ignition, or poor compression.
Overheated
Chalky, white deposits indicate very high combustion

temperatures. This condition is usually accompanied
by excessive gap erosion. Lean carburetor settings,
an intake air leak, or incorrect spark timing are normal
causes for high combustion temperatures.

Electrical System
ELECTRONIC IGNITION SYSTEM

These engines are equipped with dependable solid-state magneto ignition systems. Two types of ignition modules are
used on these engines, capacitive discharge ignition (CDI), and inductive discharge ignition (IDI).
Both ignition systems are designed to be trouble free for life of engine. Other than periodically checking/replacing
spark plugs, no maintenance or timing adjustments are necessary or possible. Mechanical systems do occasionally
fail or break down. Refer to Troubleshooting to determine root of a reported problem.
Reported ignition problems are most often due to poor connections. Before beginning test procedure, check all
external wiring. Be certain all ignition-related wires are connected, including spark plug leads. Be certain all terminal
connections fit snugly. Make sure ignition switch is in run position.
CDI Module Operation (aluminum flywheel) IDI Module Operation (cast iron flywheel)
Ignition System Components Ignition System Components
H
H
I J G
G
J
F E I
E
D D
C C
A B A
B F
Kill Switch/ Kill Switch/

A Off Position of B Flywheel A Off Position of B Flywheel
Key Switch Key Switch
C Magnet D Ignition Module C Magnet D Ignition Module
E Lamination F Kill Terminal E Lamination F Kill Terminal
G Spark Plug H Spark Plug Boot G Spark Plug H Spark Plug Boot
Air Gap Air Gap
I Spark Plug Terminal J I Spark Plug Terminal J
0.254 mm (0.010 in.) 0.254 mm (0.010 in.)
As flywheel rotates and magnet passes CDI ignition As flywheel rotates and magnet passes IDI ignition
module, magnetic field induces current in charging coil. module, magnetic field induces current in primary
Current pulse is rectified by a diode and this signal coil. As ignition magnet completes its pass, it induces
charges a high-voltage capacitor. As magnet completes current in a small triggering coil, which then turns on a
its pass, a change in polarity of signal produced by semiconductor switch. This causes previously induced
flywheel magnet turns on semiconductor switch, and magnetic field in primary coil to collapse. As magnetic
directly connects charged capacitor to primary coil of field collapses, it causes voltage in secondary coil to
transformer. As capacitor discharges energy, low voltage rise quickly. This sharp rise in voltage is sufficient to
at primary winding is transformed to high voltage in arc across spark plug’s gap, and ignite fuel mixture in
secondary winding of module. A high voltage pulse combustion chamber. This system consists of following
is then delivered to spark plug, where it arcs across components:
electrode gap and ignites fuel in combustion chamber. ● Magnets, permanently affixed to flywheel.
This system consists of following components: ● Spark plug with metal boot.
● Magnets, permanently affixed to flywheel. ● Electronic, inductive discharge ignition module
● Spark plug with rubber boot. mounted on engine crankcase.
● Electronic, capacitive discharge ignition module ● Kill switch (or key switch); grounds module to stop
mounted on engine crankcase. engine.
● Kill switch (or key switch); grounds module to stop
engine.

Electrical System
Electronic Ignition Systems Tests

Test Ignition System
1. Make sure spark plug lead is connected to spark plug.
2. Check condition of spark plug. Make sure gap is set to 0.76 mm (0.030 in.).
Spark plug is not receiving ignition Spark Plug Check gap and adjust if necessary;
pulse. reinstall plug.
Spark plug in bad condition. Spark Plug Replace plug, set gap, and install.
Test for Spark

NOTE: To maintain engine speeds obtained during cranking, do not remove spark plug.
Test for spark with ignition tester.
1. Disconnect spark plug lead and connect to post terminal of tester. Connect clip to ground, not to spark plug.
2. Turn engine ignition switch to START/RUN position to initiate test.
3. Crank engine to minimum of 500 RPM, and observe tester. Visible and audible sparks should be produced.
4. Release switch to RUN position. Visible and audible sparks should be produced.
Visible and audible sparks are Ignition Module Ignition module is OK.
produced.
Visible and audible sparks are not Ignition Module or Make sure ignition switch, kill switch
produced. Wiring and Connections or key switch is in RUN position.
Check all safety and operator
presence control switches (for
example: flywheel brake kill switch)
and other components, including
wiring and connections for accidental
grounding.
If components, wiring, including
terminals are all verified OK, test
ignition module.
Test Ignition Module

1. Disconnect kill lead from terminal on ignition module.
2. Pull retractable starter or crank engine to a minimum of 500 RPM and check for spark.
Visible and audible sparks are Ignition System or Problem is elsewhere in system/
produced. Wiring and Connections wiring.
Visible and audible sparks are not Ignition Module Replace ignition module.
produced.

Starter System
NOTE: Do not crank engine continuously for more than RETRACTABLE STARTERS
10 seconds. Allow a 60 second cool down period
between starting attempts. Failure to follow WARNING
these guidelines can burn out starter motor.
Uncoiling Spring can cause severe injury.
NOTE: If engine develops sufficient speed to disengage
starter but does not keep running (a false start), Wear safety goggles or face protection when
engine rotation must be allowed to come to a servicing retractable starter.
complete stop before attempting to restart
engine. If starter is engaged while flywheel is Retractable starters contain a powerful, recoil spring
rotating, starter pinion and flywheel ring gear that is under tension. Always wear safety goggles
may clash and damage starter. when servicing retractable starters and carefully follow
instructions in Retractable Starter for relieving spring
NOTE: If starter does not crank engine, shut off starter tension.
immediately. Do not make further attempts to
start engine until condition is corrected. Retractable Starter Components
NOTE: Do not drop starter or strike starter frame. Doing
so can damage starter. A
Engines in this series use inertia drive electric starters or
retractable starters. Inertia drive electric starters are not
serviceable.
XT electric starters use brake switch for an interlock
(on ground). When bail is held down, switch in brake B O
assembly completes circuit of ground for starter. If there
is a no crank situation, cause could be brake assembly,
battery, key switch, wiring harness, fuse, or starter itself. C
E
K
L
M
N
F
G
H
I
J
A Housing B Recoil Bushing
C Recoil Plate D Recoil Spring
E Pulley F Drive Pawl Springs
G Drive Pawl (Dogs) H Pulley Spring
I Drive Plate J Center Screw
K Grommet L Starter Handle
Double Left-Hand
M Starter Rope N Knot
O Hex Flange Nut

Starter System
Remove Starter Pawls (dogs) Replacement

NOTE: Whenever possible, an impact wrench should be 1. Install a clamp to hold pulley in starter housing and
used to loosen nuts securing retractable starter. prevent it from rotating.
1. Remove nuts securing starter to blower housing. 2. Unscrew center screw and lift off drive plate.
2. Remove starter assembly. 3. Note positions of pawls and pawl springs before
removing. Remove parts from pulley.
Rope Replacement 4. Install pawl springs and pawls into pawl slots of
NOTE: Do not allow pulley/spring to unwind. Enlist aid pulley. All parts must by dry.
of a helper if necessary. 5. Position drive plate over pawls, aligning actuating
Rope can be replaced without complete starter slots in place with raised sections on each drive
disassembly. pawl. Torque center screw to 5-6 N·m (44-54 in. lb.).
1. Remove starter assembly from engine. 6. Remove clamp and pull starter rope out part way to
2. Pull rope out approximately 12 in. and tie a check operation of pawls.
temporary (slip) knot in it to keep it from retracting
into starter. Install Starter
3. Pull knot end out of handle, untie knot, and slide 1. Place starter onto studs protruding from blower
handle off. housing. Start nuts onto studs, but do not tighten.
4. Hold pulley firmly and untie slipknot. Allow pulley to 2. Pull starter handle out until pawls engage in drive
rotate slowly as spring tension is released. cup. Hold handle in this position and torque nuts to 8
N·m (71 in. lb.).
5. When all spring tension on starter pulley is released,
remove rope from pulley.
6. Tie a double left-hand knot in one end of new rope.
7. Rotate pulley counterclockwise to pre-tension spring
(approximately 4 full turns of pulley).
8. Continue rotating pulley counterclockwise until rope
hole in pulley is aligned with rope guide bushing of
starter housing.
9. Insert unknotted end of new rope through rope hole
in starter pulley and rope guide bushing of housing.
10. Tie a slipknot approximately 12 in. from free end of
rope. Hold pulley firmly and allow it to rotate slowly
until slipknot reaches guide bushing of housing.
11. Insert starter rope through starter handle and tie a
double, left-hand knot at end of starter rope. Insert
knot into hole in handle.
12. Untie slip knot and pull on starter handle until starter
rope is fully extended. Slowly retract starter rope into
starter assembly. If recoil spring is properly
tensioned, starter rope will retract fully and starter
handle will stop against starter housing.

Disassembly/Inspection and Service
WARNING
Accidental Starts can cause severe injury or Before working on engine or equipment, disable engine as
death. follows: 1) Disconnect spark plug lead(s). 2) Disconnect
negative (–) battery cable from battery.
Disconnect and ground spark plug lead(s)
before servicing.
External Engine Components
B D C
H
E J L
F
K
G
H I
J
K
Engine Cover and Engine Cover and

A B Engine Cover C D Retractable Starter
Insert Retractable Start
E Blower Housing F Muffler Guard G Muffler H Air Cleaner Base
I Breather Hose J Paper Element K Air Cleaner Cover L Precleaner

Clean all parts thoroughly as engine is disassembled. Drain Oil From Crankcase Plug (if accessible)
Only clean parts can be accurately inspected
and gauged for wear or damage. There are many
commercially available cleaners that will quickly remove
grease, oil, and grime from engine parts. When such a
cleaner is used, follow manufacturer's instructions and
safety precautions carefully.
Make sure all traces of cleaner are removed before
engine is reassembled and placed into operation. Even
small amounts of these cleaners can quickly break down A
lubricating properties of engine oil.
Disconnect Spark Plug
NOTE: Pull on boot only, to prevent damage to spark
plug lead.
Disconnect lead from spark plug. B
Empty Fuel Tank
1. Ensure fuel tank is empty by running engine until it
stops, and is completely out of fuel.
2. Remove gas cap.
Drain Oil From Crankcase
Crankcase Plug
Drain Oil from Dipstick Tube A Crankcase Plug B (Bottom of Engine)
1. To keep dirt, grass clippings, and other debris out of
A engine, clean area around oil fill cap/dipstick, and
then remove it.
2. Remove crankcase plug on bottom of engine.
3. Drain oil into an approved container.
ordinances.
Remove Engine Cover Insert (if equipped) and
Cover
NOTE: Whenever possible, an impact wrench should be
used to loosen nuts securing retractable starter.
1. Remove Torx screws securing engine cover insert.
2. Remove nuts securing engine cover. Remove
engine cover.
Remove Engine Cover and Retractable Starter (if
equipped)
B NOTE: Whenever possible, an impact wrench should be
used to loosen nuts securing retractable starter.
Remove nuts securing engine cover and retractable
starter. Remove engine cover and retractable starter.
A Air Cleaner B Oil
1. To keep dirt, grass clippings, and other debris out of
engine, clean area around oil fill cap/dipstick.
2. Remove oil fill cap/dipstick.
3. Tilt engine on its side with air cleaner facing up.
Drain oil into an approved container.
4. After crankcase is completely drained, tilt engine
back to level.
ordinances.

Remove Retractable Starter Carburetor Components

Remove screws securing retractable starter assembly to Remove Carburetor with Primer or Carburetor with
engine. Choke (if equipped)
Remove Blower Housing
Lift off blower housing and retain stud spacers.
Remove Muffler Assembly
1. Remove nuts securing muffler guard to cylinder
head.
2. Slide muffler off studs.
3. Remove heat deflector gasket from exhaust studs,
noting orientation.
Remove Air Cleaner Assembly D
A
1. Loosen knob or unhook latch and remove air cleaner
cover. E
2. Remove paper element and foam precleaner (if B
equipped).
3. Remove nuts and screw securing air cleaner base to
cylinder head and crankcase.
4. Detach breather hose from crankcase.
5. Remove air cleaner base and detach primer hose C
from carburetor (primer bulb equipped models only).
6. Remove air cleaner base gasket from carburetor,
noting orientation.
Gasket and Spacer

A Carburetor Stud(s) B Kit
Gasket and Heat
C D Linkage
Shield Kit
E Carburetor
NOTE: Ensure fuel tank is empty by running engine until
it stops, and is completely out of fuel.
1. Squeeze hose clamp and slide it and fuel line off
carburetor.
2. Slide carburetor to end of intake studs.
3. Turn throttle lever clockwise until it stops. Gently
push rod and spring linkages up to disconnect them
from throttle lever.
4. Rotate carburetor until choke linkage can be
disconnected from carburetor. If equipped.
5. Slide off carburetor heat shield, spacer, and gasket,
noting sequence.

Remove Carburetor with Auto Choke (if equipped) Control Components
C E
A
F
A
B
C C
E D
E
F
A Flywheel Brake B Speed Control

F Spring Bracket
G H C Linkage Spring D Governor Lever
E Governor Spring F Throttle Linkage
Remove Speed Control Bracket

A Nut(s) B Arm Assembly Disconnect governor spring from speed control bracket.
C Linkage D Choke Linkage Remove Speed Control Bracket
E Governor Linkage F Linkage Spring NOTE: Fuel hose connecting carburetor and fuel tank is
G Wire Choke Linkage H Choke Link held in place by a plastic ring, mounted on back
of speed control bracket. If bracket is removed
1. Remove screws securing arm assembly to from crankcase, it will remain attached to fuel
carburetor. hose (not including California engines). Should
2. Disconnect fuel line. replacement of speed bracket be required,
disconnect fuel line from fuel filter or carburetor
3. Remove wire choke linkage while sliding carburetor and slide bracket off hose. Do not disconnect
away from engine a couple of inches. fuel hose from fuel tank.
4. Disconnect governor linkage and linkage spring from Remove screws securing speed control bracket.
carburetor.
5. Remove carburetor. Remove Governor Lever
6. Remove nuts securing arm assembly to muffler. Loosen governor lever nut and slide lever off governor
Second nut is located behind arm assembly base shaft.
securing it to top of muffler.
7. Remove arm assembly from muffler.

Flywheel/Ignition/Fuel Tank Components Remove Fuel Tank

1. Ensure fuel tank is empty.
F 2. Detach fuel tank from crankcase bracket by
removing nut or screw.
3. Remove studs securing top of fuel tank and lift off
G tank.
Remove Ignition Module
1. Disconnect kill lead from ignition module.
H E 2. Remove screw and stud securing ignition module.
Mark stud for identification during reassembly.
Disconnect Flywheel Brake Spring
D Grasp 1 end of flywheel brake spring with a pliers and
stretch it to disconnect it.
Remove Flywheel
1. Using a flywheel strap wrench to hold flywheel,
I remove nut inside drive cup.
C
2. Remove drive cup and lift off fan, noting orientation
on flywheel for reassembly.
3. Flywheel is mounted on a tapered shaft. To break it
J K loose, use a rubber mallet to land a firm blow toward
outer rim of flywheel. Remove flywheel.
4. Remove flywheel key from crankshaft.
Inspection
Inspect flywheel for cracks and check keyway for wear
or damage. Replace flywheel if cracked. If flywheel key
is sheared or keyway is damaged, replace crankshaft,
B flywheel, and key.
Inspect ring gear for cracks or damage. Ring gears are
not available separately. Replace flywheel if ring gear is
damaged.
Remove Electric Starter (if equipped)
Remove screws securing electric starter to engine.
Remove Breather Assembly
A Breather system is designed to control amount of oil
in head area and still maintain necessary vacuum in
crankcase.
When pistons move downward, crankcase gases are
pushed past reed through mesh filter into intake system.
A Fuel Tank B Crankcase Bracket Upward travel of pistons closes reed and creates a
low vacuum in lower crankcase. Any oil separated out
C Electric Starter D Ignition Module through filter drains back into crankcase.
E Stud(s) F Drive Cup 1. Remove screws securing breather cover. Remove
cover.
G Fan H Flywheel
2. Remove breather spring, disc and screen.
Flywheel Brake
I Screw(s) J Assembly Remove Spark Plug
K Breather Assembly Remove spark plug from cylinder head.
Remove Flywheel Brake Assembly
Remove screws securing flywheel brake assembly;
retain spacers (if equipped).

Cylinder Head Components
M
L
O
N
I
F
J
C
H
G
E
D
B
A
A Valve Cover B Gasket C Jam Nut D Rocker Arm Pivot
E Rocker Arms F Rocker Arm Stud G Push Rod H Push Rod Guide
Plate
I Valve Keeper J Valve Spring K Intake Valve Seal L Spark Plug
M Baffle N Cylinder Head O Valve P Dowel Pin
Remove Valve Cover Remove Push Rods

1. Remove screws from valve cover. Remove push rods and mark them for reinstallation.
2. Remove cover and gasket.
Remove Rocker Studs
Remove Jam Nuts and Rocker Arm Pivots Unscrew and remove rocker studs from cylinder head.
Use a socket and wrench to remove jam nuts and rocker
arm pivots from rocker studs. Remove Guide Plate
1. Remove guide plate from rocker studs.
Remove Rocker Arms 2. Note orientation of guide plate (tabs down) for use
Noting orientation, lift rocker arms off rocker studs. during reassembly.

Remove Cylinder Head Valve Inspection and Service

Carefully inspect valve mechanism parts. Inspect valve
1. Remove screws securing cylinder head. springs and related hardware for excessive wear or
2. Remove cylinder head, noting positioning of dowels. distortion. Check valves and valve seats for evidence
of deep pitting, cracks, or distortion. Following diagram
3. Remove head gasket and discard. outlines valve running clearances between valve stems
and guides.
Valve Details
D E E D
A A
F F
G G
B B
C C
Dimension Intake Exhaust
A Seat Angle 90° 90°
B Guide Depth 22.6 mm 20.5 mm
C Guide I.D. 5.500/5.512 mm 5.500/5.512 mm
D Valve Head Diameter 25.875/26.125 mm 23.875/24.125 mm
E Valve Face Angle 45° 45°
F Valve Margin (Min.) 0.80 mm 0.80 mm
G Valve Stem Diameter 5.465/5.480 mm 5.465/5.480 mm
Remove Valve Assembly Inspection and Service

Hard starting, or loss of power accompanied by high fuel
NOTE: Only intake valve has a seal. There is no valve consumption, may be symptoms of faulty valves.
seal on exhaust side.
Although these symptoms could also be attributed to
1. Push down on valve spring keepers to release valve worn rings, remove and check valves first. After removal,
springs from valve stems. clean valve heads, faces, and stems with a power wire
2. Remove valve spring keepers and springs. brush. Then, carefully inspect each valve for defects
such as warped head, excessive corrosion, or worn stem
3. Push end of intake valve to release valve seal. end. Replace valves found to be in bad condition.
4. Remove both valves from opposite side of head.

Valve Guides
To check valve guide-to-valve stem clearance,
thoroughly clean valve guide and, using a split-ball
gauge, measure inside diameter. Then, using an outside
micrometer, measure diameter of valve stem at several
points on stem where it moves in valve guide. Use
largest stem diameter to calculate clearance. If intake
clearance exceeds 0.047 mm (.0018 in.) or exhaust
clearance exceeds 0.082 mm (.0032 in.), determine
whether valve stem or guide is responsible for excessive
clearance.
Maximum (I.D.) wear on intake valve guide is 5.512 mm
(0.2170 in.), while 5.512 mm (0.2170 in.) is maximum
allowed on exhaust guide. Guides are not removable. If
guides are within limits but valve stems are worn beyond
limits, replace valves.
Valve Seat Inserts
Hardened steel alloy intake and exhaust valve seat
inserts are press fitted into cylinder head. Inserts are
not replaceable, but they can be reconditioned if not too
badly pitted or distorted. If seats are cracked or badly
warped, cylinder head should be replaced.
Recondition valve seat inserts following instructions
provided with valve seat cutter (A) being used. Final cut
should be made with an 90° cutter as specified for valve
seat angle. With proper 45° valve face angle, and valve
seat cut properly (44.5° as measured from center line
when cut 90°) this would result in desired 0.5° (1.0° full
cut) interference angle where maximum pressure occurs
on valve face and seat.
Lapping Valves
Reground or new valves must be lapped in, to provide
a good seal. Use a hand valve grinder with suction
cup for final lapping. Lightly coat valve face with fine
grade of grinding compound, then rotate valve on seat
with grinder. Continue grinding until smooth surface is
obtained on seat and on valve face. Thoroughly clean
cylinder head in soap and hot water to remove all traces
of grinding compound. After drying cylinder head, apply
a light coating of engine oil to prevent rusting.

Crankcase Components
A A
B C
G
D
E
H F
F
H I
I M
M L
K R
Q N P
L P
J
J K
G N R Q
O O
U
S
S
T
V
Governor Cross
A Crankcase Oil Seal B Crankcase C D Oil Pan Gasket
Shaft
E Crankcase Bearing F Camshaft G Piston Pin Retainer H Piston Pin
Connecting Rod
I Piston J Piston Ring Set K Connecting Rod L End Cap
M Crankshaft N Retainer O Governor Shaft P Governor Gear
Q Governor Washer R Governor Cup S Oil Pan T Oil Pan Oil Seal
U Dipstick Tube V Screw
Remove Dipstick Tube (Extended Dipstick) 2. Using a flat blade screwdriver as a wedge, carefully
separate oil pan from crankcase.
Remove screw securing dipstick tube. Remove tube.
3. Remove old gasket (if equipped) and discard.
Remove Oil Pan Inspection
NOTE: Some engines have an oil pan gasket; some Inspect oil seal in oil pan and remove it if it is worn or
engines use RTV to secure oil pan to crankcase. damaged.
1. Remove screws securing oil pan.

Remove Camshaft Remove Tappets

Remove camshaft from crankcase. Remove tappets. Mark them INTAKE and EXHAUST for
Inspection and Service reinstallation.
Inspect gear teeth of camshaft. If teeth are badly worn
or chipped, or if some are missing, replacement of Remove Connecting Rod Cap
camshaft will be necessary. If unusual wear or damage Rotate crankshaft to allow access to 2 screws on
is evident on either camshaft lobes or mating tappets connecting rod cap. Remove screws and cap.
camshaft and both tappets must be replaced. Check
condition and operation of Automatic Compression Remove Piston and Connecting Rod
Release (ACR) mechanism. Carefully guide piston and attached connecting rod out
ACR of cylinder bore.
These engines are equipped with an ACR mechanism. Connecting Rod Inspection and Service
ACR lowers compression at cranking speeds to make Check bearing area (big end) for excessive wear, score
starting easier. marks, running and side clearances. Replace connecting
ACR mechanism consists of a decompression weight rod and end cap if scored or excessively worn.
and arm mounted to camshaft, and activated by a return Service replacement connecting rods are available in
spring. When engine is rotating at low cranking speeds STD size.
(1000 RPM or less), decompression weight holds arm
so it protrudes above heel of exhaust lobe. This holds Piston and Rings Inspection
exhaust valve off its seat during first part of compression Scuffing and scoring of pistons and cylinder walls occurs
stroke. when internal engine temperatures approach welding
point of piston. Temperatures high enough to do this are
After engine speed increases above approximately 1000 created by friction, which is usually attributed to improper
RPM, centrifugal force causes decompression weight lubrication and/or overheating of engine.
to move outward, causing arm to retract. When in this
position, arm has no effect on exhaust valve and engine Normally, very little wear takes place in piston boss or
operates at FULL compression and power. piston pin area. If original piston and connecting rod can
be reused after new rings are installed, original pin can
Benefits also be reused but new piston pin retainers are required.
As a result of reduced compression at cranking speeds, Piston pin is included as part of piston assembly – if pin
several important benefits are obtained: boss in piston or pin itself is worn or damaged, a new
1. Manual (retractable) starting is much easier. Without piston assembly is required.
ACR, manual starting would be virtually impossible. Ring failure is usually indicated by excessive oil
2. Electric start models can use a smaller starter and consumption and blue exhaust smoke. When rings fail,
battery which are more practical for application. oil is allowed to enter combustion chamber where it is
3. ACR eliminates need for a spark retard/advance burned along with fuel. High oil consumption can also
mechanism. A spark retard/advance mechanism occur when piston ring end gap is incorrect, because
would be required on engines without ACR to ring cannot properly conform to cylinder wall under this
prevent kickback which would occur during starting. condition. Oil control is also lost when ring gaps are not
ACR eliminates this kickback, making manual staggered during installation.
starting safer. When cylinder temperatures get too high, lacquer and
4. Choke control setting is less critical with ACR. If varnish collect on pistons, causing rings to stick, which
flooding occurs, excess fuel is blown out opened results in rapid wear. A worn ring usually takes on a
exhaust valve and does not hamper starting. shiny or bright appearance.
5. Engines with ACR start much faster in cold weather Scratches on rings and pistons are caused by abrasive
than engines without ACR. material such as carbon, dirt, or pieces of hard metal.
6. Engines with ACR can be started with spark plugs Detonation damage occurs when a portion of fuel charge
which are worn or fouled. Engines without ACR are ignites spontaneously from heat and pressure shortly
more difficult to start with those same spark plugs. after ignition. This creates two flame fronts, which meet
and explode to create extreme hammering pressures on
Remove Governor Gear and Shaft a specific area of piston. Detonation generally occurs
from using low octane fuels.
1. Remove screw and retainer securing governor gear.
Preignition or ignition of fuel charge before timed spark
2. Remove hitch pin securing governor shaft. Remove can cause damage similar to detonation. Preignition
shaft. damage is often more severe than detonation damage.
Inspection Preignition is caused by a hot spot in combustion
Inspect governor gear teeth. Replace gear if it is worn, chamber such as glowing carbon deposits, blocked
chipped, or if any teeth are missing. Inspect governor cooling fins, an improperly seated valve, or a wrong
weights. They should move freely in governor gear. spark plug.
Replacement pistons are available in STD bore size.
Replacement pistons include new piston ring sets and
new piston pins.

Replacement ring sets are also available separately Piston Ring Orientation
for STD pistons. Always use new piston rings when
installing pistons. Never use old rings. B
Some important points to remember when servicing
piston rings:
1. Cylinder bore must be de-glazed before service ring E
sets are used.
2. If cylinder bore does not need re-boring and if old
piston is within wear limits and free of score or scuff
marks, old piston may be reused.
(≥ 60°)
3. Remove old rings and clean up grooves. Never
reuse old rings. A
4. Before installing new rings on piston, place top 2
rings, each in turn, in its running area in cylinder
bore and check end gap. Compare ring gap to
Clearance Specifications. D
5. After installing new compression (top and middle)
rings on piston, check piston-to-ring side clearance.
Compare clearance to Clearance Specifications. If C
side clearance is greater than specified, a new Oil Ring Expander
piston must be used. A B Bottom Oil Rail Gap
Gap
Install New Piston Rings Intermediate
C Top Oil Rail Gap D Compression
Ring Gap
A Top Compression
E Ring Gap
B NOTE: Rings must be installed correctly. Install oil

control ring assembly (bottom groove) first,
D middle compression ring (center groove)
second, and top compression ring (top groove)
E C last. Oil control ring assembly is a three-piece
F design, and consists of a top rail, expander ring,
and bottom rail.
Use a piston ring expander to install rings.
Top Compression Middle Compression 1. Oil control ring assembly (bottom groove): Install
A B
Ring Ring expander first then bottom rail and top rail last. Make
C Oil Control Ring D Top Rail sure ends of expander are not overlapped. Adjust
ring gaps.
E Expander Ring F Bottom Rail
2. Middle compression ring (center groove): Install
middle compression ring using a piston ring
expander tool. Make sure identification mark is up or
colored dye stripe (if contained) is left of end gap.
Adjust ring gaps.
3. Top compression ring (top groove): Install top
compression ring using a piston ring expander tool.
Make sure identification mark is up or colored dye
stripe (if contained) is left of end gap. Adjust ring
gaps.

Remove Crankshaft
Remove crankshaft.
Inspection and Service
Inspect gear teeth of crankshaft and ACR gear. If any
teeth are badly worn or chipped, or if some are missing,
replacement of crankshaft will be necessary.
Inspect crankshaft bearing surfaces for scoring,
grooving, etc. Measure running clearance between
crankshaft journals and their respective bearing bores.
Use an inside micrometer or telescoping gauge to
measure inside diameter of both bearing bores in vertical
and horizontal planes. Use an outside micrometer to
measure outside diameter of crankshaft main bearing
journals. Subtract journal diameters from their respective
bore diameters to get running clearances. Check results
against values in Specifications and Tolerances. If
running clearances are within specification, and there
is no evidence of scoring, grooving, etc., no further
reconditioning is necessary. If bearing surfaces are worn
or damaged, crankcase and/or closure plate will need to
be replaced.
Inspect crankshaft keyway. If worn or chipped,
replacement of crankshaft will be necessary.
Inspect crankpin for score marks or metallic pickup.
Slight score marks can be cleaned with crocus cloth
soaked in oil. If wear limits in Specifications are
exceeded, it will be necessary to replace crankshaft.
Crankcase
Inspection and Service
Check all gasket surfaces to make sure they are free of
gasket fragments and deep scratches or nicks.
Check cylinder wall for scoring. In severe cases,
unburned fuel can dissolve lubricating oil off piston and
cylinder wall. Without lubrication, piston rings would
make metal to metal contact with wall, causing scuffing
and scoring. Scoring of cylinder wall can also be caused
by localized hot spots from blocked cooling fins or from
inadequate or contaminated lubrication.

Reassembly
Crankcase Components
A A
B C
G
D
E
H F
F
H I
I M
M L
K R
Q N P
L P
J
J K
G N R Q
O O
U
S
S
T
V
Governor Cross
A Crankcase Oil Seal B Crankcase C D Oil Pan Gasket
Shaft
E Crankcase Bearing F Camshaft G Piston Pin Retainer H Piston Pin
Connecting Rod
I Piston J Piston Ring Set K Connecting Rod L End Cap
M Crankshaft N Retainer O Governor Shaft P Governor Gear
Q Governor Washer R Governor Cup S Oil Pan T Oil Pan Oil Seal
U Dipstick Tube V Screw
NOTE: Make sure engine is assembled using all specified torque values, tightening sequences, and clearances.
Failure to observe specifications could cause severe engine wear or damage.
NOTE: Always use new gaskets.
NOTE: Make sure all components have been properly cleaned BEFORE reassembly.
NOTE: Remove all traces of cleaners before engine is reassembled and placed into operation. Even small amounts
of these cleaners can quickly break down lubricating properties of engine oil.
Install Crankshaft
Carefully install crankshaft into crankcase through front seal, and fully seat into place. Rotate crankshaft until journal
for connecting rod is away from cylinder.

Reassembly
Install Piston and Connecting Rod Install Oil Pan

NOTE: Proper orientation of piston and connecting rod Torque Sequence
inside engine is extremely important. Improper
orientation can cause extensive wear or XT-7, XTR-7, XT8
damage.
1. Stagger piston rings in grooves until end gaps are 1
60° or more apart. Lubricate cylinder bore,
crankshaft journal, connecting rod journal, piston,
and rings with engine oil. 3
6
2. Compress piston rings using a piston ring
compressor.
3. Position triangle on top of piston toward push rod
chamber. 5
4. Carefully guide connecting rod, with piston attached, 4
into bore. 2
5. Use handle of a soft, rubber-grip hammer to tap
piston into bore.
6. Rotate crankshaft to mate with connecting rod. Align XT-6, XTR-6, XT6.5, XT6.75
rod cap and connecting rod to match marks. Torque
screws to 12.5 N·m (110 in. lb.).
Install Tappets 1
6
Install intake and exhaust tappets into their respective
positions, as previously marked. 3
Install Camshaft
1. Lubricate camshaft and cam gear surfaces with light 5 4
grease or oil.
2. Install camshaft and align timing marks.
7 2
Install Governor Gear Assembly
NOTE: When installing governor, flat of governor shaft
(located on outside of crankcase) should be
turned so flat is parallel to crankcase gasket
surface. Paddle of governor shaft (located inside
crankcase) should be pointing away from
crankcase gasket surface.
1. Install governor gear and retainer, and torque screw
to 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.).
2. Install governor cross shaft and secure it with hitch
pin.

Reassembly
Sealant Pattern 4. Guide oil pan onto crankcase, ensuring camshaft

and governor gear align with their mating surfaces.
XT8 Rotate crankshaft slightly to help engage governor
gear.
A 5. Install and finger tighten screws, securing oil pan to
crankcase.
6. Use torque sequence shown and torque oil pan
screws to:
Model Torque
XT6, XTR-6
11.0 N·m (98 in. lb.)
XT6.5, XT6.75
XT-7, XTR-7
14.7 N·m (130 in. lb.)
XT8
XT6.5, XT6.75
A 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) bead of sealant.

NOTE: When installing oil pan, ensure plunger on
governor gear is pressed fully into governor.
Incorrectly installing governor plunger may result
in damage.
NOTE: Some engines use an oil pan gasket; some
engines use RTV to secure oil pan to crankcase.
1. Sealing surfaces of crankcase and oil pan should be
clean, dry and free of any nicks or burrs.
2. Install 2 crankcase dowels into crankcase.
3. OIL PAN GASKET: Using crankcase dowels as a
guide, install a new oil pan gasket onto crankcase.
RTV: Refer to Tools and Aids for a listing of
approved sealants. Always use fresh sealant. Using
outdated sealant can result in leakage. Using
sealant pattern, apply a 1.5 mm (1/16 in.) bead of
sealant to sealing surface of oil pan.

Reassembly
Cylinder Head Components
M
L
O
N
I
F
J
C
H
G
E
D
B
A
A Valve Cover B Gasket C Jam Nuts D Rocker Arm Pivot
Push Rod Guide
E Rocker Arms F Rocker Arm Stud G Push Rods H Plate
I Valve Keeper J Valve Spring K Intake Valve Seal L Spark Plug
M Baffle N Cylinder Head O Valve P Dowel Pin
Install Cylinder Head Assembly

Prior to assembly, lubricate all components with engine oil, including tips of valve stems and valve guides.
Install Valve Train
1. Install intake and exhaust valves into their respective positions in cylinder head.
2. Install intake valve seal onto intake valve. Next, slide valve springs onto both valves and lock them in place with
valve spring keepers.

Reassembly
Install Cylinder Head 5. Install rocker arms onto rocker studs. Match rocker
arm dimples with round push rod ends.
Torque Sequence
6. Loosely install pivots and jam nuts onto rocker studs.
7. With piston at top dead center of compression
stroke, insert a 0.1 mm (0.004 in.) flat feeler gauge
3 2 between 1 valve stem and rocker arm.
Valve Clearance Specifications:
Intake Valve 0.0762-0.127 mm (0.003-0.005 in.)
Exhaust Valve 0.0762-0.127 mm (0.003-0.005 in.)
8. Tighten rocker pivot with a wrench until a slight drag
4 is felt on feeler gauge. Hold nut in position and
1 tighten jam nut to 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.). Recheck lash.
Perform same adjustment procedure on opposite
valve.
9. Position a new valve cover gasket on cylinder head.
NOTE: Do not reuse cylinder head gasket. Always 10. Install valve cover and finger tighten screws.
replace with new gasket. 11. Using sequence shown, tighten cover screws to
1. Examine sealing surfaces of cylinder head and 8 N·m (71 in. lb.).
crankcase for nicks or burrs.
Install New Spark Plug
2. Using cylinder head dowels as a guide, install a new
head gasket. 1. Set gap of a new spark plug to 0.76 mm (0.03 in.).
3. Match sides of head together and finger tighten 2. Install spark plug and torque to 27 N·m (20 ft. lb.).
screws.
Install Flywheel Brake Assembly
4. Torque screws in two stages; first to 14 N·m
(123 in. lb.), finally to 27.8 N·m (246 in. lb.), following Dipstick Side of Engine
sequence shown. 1. Install spacers onto brake assembly screws.
Fuel Cap Side of Engine
Install Push Rod Assembly 1. Place brake assembly onto engine and loosely
Torque Sequence install 2 brake assembly screws.
2. Install a caliper between brake lever and bracket to
establish a 50 mm (1.968 in.) gap, pivoting on rear
screw if necessary.
3 2
3. Rotate brake lever clockwise around rear screw.
Torque screws to 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.). Reinstall kill
lead to ignition module or to bottom terminal on
micro switch (if equipped).
4. Actuate brake arm and verify an audible click is
heard from micro switch (if equipped). Visually
inspect all wires are connected and micro switch is
moving up and down when brake arm is pulled. If an
audible click from micro switch is not heard, loosen
1 4 both screws and readjust.
Install Breather Assembly
NOTE: Installation and seating of push rods into tappet
recesses during this sequence is critical. To aid 1. Install breather disc and spring.
with proper installation of push rods and rocker 2. Install breather screen.
arms, and for adjusting valve lash, position 3. Install breather cover and secure with screws.
engine with cylinder head up. When properly Torque screws to 10 N·m (88 in. lb.).
installed, push rods extend approximately 1 in.
(25.4 mm) above guide plate.
1. With tabs on guide plate facing down, install rocker
studs.
2. Tighten rocker studs to 13.6 N·m (120 in. lb.).
3. Install push rods into intake and exhaust positions,
as previously marked.
4. Apply grease to contact surfaces of rocker arms and
pivots.

Reassembly
Flywheel/Ignition/Fuel Tank Components Install Flywheel
CAUTION
G
Damaging Crankshaft and Flywheel can
cause personal injury.
Using improper procedures can lead to broken

fragments. Broken fragments could be thrown from
I F engine. Always observe and use precautions and
procedures when installing flywheel.
NOTE: Before installing flywheel make sure crankshaft
E taper and flywheel hub are clean, dry, and
completely free of lubricants. Presence of
lubricants can cause flywheel to be over
stressed and damaged when mounting nut is
torqued to specification.
J NOTE: Make sure flywheel key is installed properly in
D keyway. Flywheel can become cracked or
damaged if key is not properly installed.
NOTE: Always use a flywheel strap wrench to hold
K L flywheel when tightening flywheel fastener. Do
not use any type of bar or wedge to prevent
flywheel from rotating, as these parts could
become cracked or damaged.
1. Install key, into crankshaft keyway. Make sure key is
fully seated.
2. Install flywheel onto crankshaft aligning keyway with
C key.
3. Align teardrop slot on fan with raised teardrop on
flywheel. Align drive cup on flywheel, and install and
hand tighten nut.
4. Using a flywheel strap wrench, hold flywheel still
while simultaneously tightening nut to 51.5 N·m
(38 ft. lb.).
A Install Electric Starter (if equipped)
Align and mount electric starter onto crankcase. Install
B and torque screws to 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.).
A Screws B Fuel Tank

C Crankcase Bracket D Electric Starter
E Ignition Module F Stud(s)
G Drive Cup H Fan
I Flywheel J Screw(s)
Flywheel Brake
K L Breather Assembly
Assembly

Reassembly
Install Ignition Module Install Governor Assembly

NOTE: If stud for mounting ignition module was not kept 1. Install governor lever onto governor shaft with lever
segregated from 2 studs for mounting fuel tank, up.
compare their lengths and choose short one. 2. Attach throttle linkage and linkage spring to top of
1. Rotate flywheel so ignition magnets are away from governor lever.
ignition module legs. Position ignition module on
legs with kill tab down. Control Components
2. Loosely thread stud and screw into appropriate leg.
Pull module away from flywheel and tighten stud to
hold it in place. Rotate flywheel so ignition magnet is
aligned with module.
3. Set air gap by placing a 0.254 mm (0.010 in.) plastic
feeler gauge between magnet and module. Loosen
stud and let magnet draw module against feeler
gauge. Torque fasteners to 10 N·m (88 in. lb.).
4. Rotate flywheel to release feeler gauge, and check
module does not come in contact with magnet.
Recheck air gap.
5. Connect kill lead to ignition module kill tab.
Install Fuel Tank
1. Secure fuel tank bracket to crankcase by torquing A
nut or screw to 8 N·m (71 in. lb.).
B
2. Secure top of fuel tank to crankcase by installing
threaded studs. Torque studs to 10 N·m (88 in. lb.).
3. Install spacers on studs.
Install Flywheel Brake Spring
C
D
E
F
Flywheel Brake Speed Control

A B
Spring Bracket
C Linkage Spring D Governor Lever
A E Governor Spring F Throttle Linkage
A Brake Assembly Screws
Using a pliers, attach flywheel brake spring onto bracket
hook.

Reassembly
Speed Bracket Details Install Speed Control Bracket

NOTE: There are 3 different speed bracket variations for
D this engine. Images shown identify how different
E
H brackets connect to carburetors with and without
F choke.
Loosely attach speed control bracket to crankcase
G using shorter screws. Long screw will be used later for
attaching air cleaner body.
I Install Governor Spring

Install governor spring between governor lever and
speed control bracket.
A Carburetor Components
D
E
H
F
J
K G
D
B A
M L E
D E
B
F
J H
K G
C
I
Gasket and Spacer
A Carburetor Stud(s) B
C Kit
Fixed Speed with Fixed Speed with Gasket and Heat

A B C D Linkage
Primer (No Choke) Choke Shield Kit
Variable Speed with E Carburetor

C D Throttle Linkage Install Carburetor Gaskets
Choke
Place spacer gasket, cylinder head spacer and heat
E Linkage Spring F Throttle Lever deflector gasket on carburetor studs in order shown.
Speed Control
G Governor Spring H Install Carburetor and Linkage
Bracket
I Governor Lever J Choke Lever NOTE: There are several different ways to attach
carburetor linkage depending on carburetor and
Dual Throttle Choke speed bracket used.
K Choke Linkage L Control
Install Carburetor with Primer (if equipped)
Speed Control 1. With carburetor not yet mounted on studs, rotate it
M Screw slightly to allow connection of throttle linkage and
linkage spring to throttle lever.
2. Slide carburetor onto mounting studs.

Reassembly
Install Carburetor with Choke Install Carburetor with Auto Choke (if equipped)
1. With carburetor not yet mounted on studs, rotate it 1. Mount arm assembly onto muffler securing with nuts.
slightly and slot elbow, at end of linkage, into choke Torque to 8.5 N·m (75 in. lb.).
lever. 2. Slide carburetor at least halfway onto mounting
2. Connect throttle linkage and linkage spring to throttle studs. Connect throttle linkage and linkage spring to
lever on carburetor. carburetor.
3. Slide carburetor onto mounting studs. 3. Connect wire choke linkage while sliding carburetor
to its seated position against engine.
Auto Choke Components 4. Insert screws connecting arm assembly to
carburetor. Torque to 2.3 N·m (20 in. lb.).
Adjust Governor
B Move governor lever away from carburetor to limit of its
travel (wide-open throttle), and hold in this position. Do
not stress, flex or distort linkage. Grasp cross shaft with
C E a pliers and turn shaft clockwise as far as it will go, hold
and tighten nut. Torque nut to 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.).
D Reconnect Fuel Line

Slide fuel line tight up against carburetor, and secure
connection with a hose clamp.
A
F
C
E
F
G H
A Nut(s) B Arm Assembly

C Linkage D Choke Linkage
E Throttle Linkage F Linkage Spring
G Wire Choke Linkage H Choke Link

Reassembly
External Engine Components
B D C
H
E
F J L
G
K
H I
J
K
Engine Cover and Engine Cover and

A Insert B Engine Cover C Retractable Start D Retractable Starter
E Blower Housing F Muffler Guard G Muffler H Air Cleaner Base

I Breather Hose J Paper Element K Air Cleaner Cover L Precleaner
Install Air Cleaner Assembly Install Dipstick Tube (Extended Dipstick)

1. Attach primer hose to carburetor (if equipped). 1. Install dipstick tube to crankcase.
2. Slide air cleaner gasket onto carburetor studs. 2. Tighten screw to 8 N·m (71 in. lb.).
3. Slide air cleaner base onto carburetor studs. Attach
base by loosely screwing nuts onto studs, and screw Install Muffler Assembly
into crankcase. 1. Install heat deflector gasket onto exhaust mounting
4. Attach breather hose to crankcase. studs, with gasket folds facing cylinder head.
5. Secure air cleaner base by torquing nuts and screw 2. Slide muffler onto exhaust studs.
to 8 N·m (71 in. lb.). 3. Install muffler guard onto exhaust studs and secure
6. Install paper element and foam precleaner (if with nuts. Torque to 9.5 N·m (84 in. lb.).
equipped) into air cleaner base. Attach air cleaner
cover and hand tighten knob or secure latch.

Reassembly
Install Blower Housing

Install blower housing onto studs.
Install Retractable Starter
Place retractable starter onto studs protruding from
blower housing.
Install Engine Cover
Engine Cover (if equipped)
1. Install engine cover and secure it with nuts.
2. Tighten nuts to 8 N·m (71 in. lb.).
Engine Cover and Insert (if equipped)
1. Install engine cover and secure it with nuts.
3. Install engine cover insert (if equipped) onto engine
cover, and secure with Torx screws. Tighten to
2.5 N·m (20 in. lb.).
Engine Cover Insert and Retractable Starter (if
equipped)
1. Install engine cover insert and retractable starter and
secure with nuts.
Install Fuel Cap
Screw fuel cap tightly onto fuel tank.

© 2013 by Kohler Co. All rights reserved.

Motor Kohler XT7

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Available Formats

XT-6, XTR-6, XT6.5, XT6.

75, XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 1

WARNING WARNING CAUTION

2 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

Every 25 Hours or Annually¹

Every 50 Hours or Annually

Every 50 Hours or Annually¹

Every 100 Hours or Annually¹

Every 100 Hours or Annually²

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 3

OIL RECOMMENDATIONS STORAGE

NOTE: E15, E20 and E85 are NOT approved and

4 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

ENGINE IDENTIFICATION NUMBERS

GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS3,6 XT-6, XTR-6 XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS3,5 XT-6, XTR-6, XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

Air Cleaner Base

TORQUE SPECIFICATIONS3,5 XT-6, XTR-6, XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

CLEARANCE SPECIFICATIONS3 XT-6, XTR-6 XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

CLEARANCE SPECIFICATIONS3 XT-6, XTR-6 XT-7, XTR-7, XT8

Piston, Piston Rings, and Piston Pin

Valves and Valve Lifters

8 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

GENERAL TORQUE VALUES

English Fastener Torque Recommendations for Standard Applications

Size Grade 2 Grade 5 Grade 8

Tightening Torque: N·m (ft. lb.) ± 20%

Metric Fastener Torque Recommendations for Standard Applications

Tightening Torque: N·m (ft. lb.) ± 10%

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 9

10 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 11

FLYWHEEL HOLDING TOOL ROCKER ARM/CRANKSHAFT TOOL

12 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 13

Engine Loses Power EXTERNAL ENGINE INSPECTION

Sludge is a natural by-product of combustion; a small

After inspecting external condition of engine, clean

14 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

CRANKCASE VACUUM TEST

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 15

16 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 17

Typical carbureted fuel system and related components FUEL RECOMMENDATIONS

FUEL SYSTEM TESTS

18 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

WARNING Gasoline is extremely flammable and its vapors can

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 19

Troubleshooting-Carburetor Related Causes

Carburetor Circuits Carburetor Adjustments

20 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 21

A Choke Plate B Vacuum Hose

22 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

Auto Choke Components - Link Design

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 23

24 KohlerEngines.com 14 690 01 Rev. E

● When load is applied and engine speed and governor

14 690 01 Rev. E KohlerEngines.com 25